Chapter 8

Motion

1. Under what condition will the distance covered and

displacement of moving object will have the same
magnitude?
2. When Ram was sitting in a train which is not moving, he
suddenly feels that his train appears to move, explain.
3. If a person takes a round trip and travels 5km and then
arrives back home. Calculate his displacement after
completing the trip.
4. What is the physical quantity that essentially varies as a body
moves?
5. Define the following terms
a) Uniform acceleration
b) Uniform motion
c) Velocity
6. What is the direction of velocity of an object moving along a
circular path?
7. What happens to a) velocity b) speed of an object when it is
moving in uniform circular motion?
8.

d distance

time time
 8. What kind of motion of an object is represented by the two
graphs given above?
9. Geeta moves 3 Km towards east, then 2 Km towards south
and then 3.5 Km towards east. Calculate
a) distance covered by Geeta.
b) the displacement of the motion?

10. A boy was riding a bicycle and was moving with speed of 12
km/ hr for 2 hours and with speed of 15 km/hr for the next
3hours. Find the total distance covered by him and his average
speed.

11. An object can have zero average velocity but cannot have zero
average speed, justify.

12. Ravi swims in a swimming pool which is 60 m long. He covers

120 m in one minute by swimming from one end to other and
back along the same straight path. Find the average speed and
velocity of Ravi.

13. The minute hand of a wall clock is 10cm long. Find its
displacement and the distance covered when it moves from 10.00
am to 10.30am.

14. A train is 150m long, is to cross a bridge of length 800m. What

time will it take to cross the bridge if the train moves at constant
velocity of 54km/ h.

15.A cyclist goes around a circular track of diameter 105m in 5

minutes. Calculate his speed.
16.Distinguish between displacement and distance covered.

17.Starting from a stationary position Paheli paddles her bicycle to

attain velocity of 15 m/sec in 30 seconds. Then she applies brakes
such that she again comes to rest after next 60 seconds. Calculate
the acceleration of the bicycle in both the cases. Also find the total
distance covered by Paheli.

18.Identify in the situation given below when is the object making a

uniform circular motion

19.A car turning around a curve with a uniform speed or a car going
uphill

20.Motion given to a discuss by an athlete before releasing or

motion of discuss when an athlete releases it.

21.Draw a velocity- time graph for a body that has initial velocity ‘u’
and is moving with uniform acceleration ‘a’. Use it to derive position-
time relation s= ut+ ½ at2 for the body.

22.A marble rolling on a smooth floor has an initial velocity of .4m/s.

If the floor offers a retardation of .02 m/s2. Calculate the time it will
take to come to rest.

23. When does the acceleration of an object become negative?

 24. The given displacement –time graphs shows the position of an
object at different times.

d 3 B C

0 A 1 2 3 4 5 6D t

Calculate the velocity of object as it moves from

a) A to B b) B to C c) C to D

24. Draw velocity-time graphs for the following cases

a) when an object is in uniform motion

b) when an object is thrown vertically upward

Force and Laws of Motion

1. What is the net force acting on a body at rest?
2. What kind of force is required to accelerate the motion of an
object?
3. Name the property by virtue of which a body resists a change in
motion or of rest. Also name the physical quantity that is
measure of the above-named property.
4. Ram has 4 solid blocks of same size and shape made up of steel,
wood, plastic and rubber. Which one of them will have highest
inertia and why?

5.Define the following terms

a) Inertia
b) Momentum
c) Newton

6.Give reasons for the following

a) The foot of boy is injured when he hits a stone

b) A gun recoils when it fires a bullet
c) The boat moves backward when a man jumps out of a boat
d) The athlete in a high jump is made to fall either on a
cushioned bed or sand bed.
e) A heavy person suffers more sideways push when moving
vehicle turns sideways.
f) An athlete coming from a distance is able to jump longer.

7.Name the physical quantities whose units are given below

a) Newton
b) Kg m/s2
c) m/s
d) m/s2

8.What is the momentum of a body having mass of 8kg and is

moving with velocity of .25m/s?

9.What happens when in a cricket field the fielder stops the fast
moving ball suddenly?
10.State a simple activity to illustrate the inertia at rest.

11.What will happen when striker hits very strongly at the

bottom of pile of similar coins in a carom board?

12.What do you understand by balanced forces? Explain with

help of example.

13.Ravi saw a mango tree full of mangoes but was not able to
pluck the mangoes. His friend asked him to shake the branches,
while shaking few mangoes fell, explain.

14.I have two objects A and B of same mass and both are in
motion with velocity 1v and 5v. Which one of them will have
larger momentum and why?

15.Which would require a greater force- accelerating 5kg mass

at 8m/s2 or 8 kg mass at 10 m/s2?

16.Write the relation for collision of two balls A and B and state
the related law.

17.Explain the following on the based-on Newton’s third law of

motion
a) Rowing of a boat in a river
b) Flight of a bird
18. How would you arrive at a mathematical formula to
measure force using second law of motion? Define the unit of
force using this formula.

19.If the time taken to bring a ball to rest from certain velocity
v is reduced to half, what will be change in the value of
a) change of momentum
b) initial and final momentum
c) rate of change of momentum.

20.A bullet of mass 10 gm is fired with rifle. The bullet takes

.02seconds to move through the barrel and leaves it with a
velocity of 200m/s. Calculate the force exerted on the bullet by
the rifle.
21.Multiple choice questions
A. The 2 forces are said to be balanced when the resultant
force is
a) Zero b) 1 c) more than 1
B. According Newton first law of motion an object continues to
be in state of rest or uniform motion along a straight line
unless acted upon by
a) External balanced force b) External unbalanced force
c) no force
C. The _______ of an object is a measure of its inertia.
a) Weight b) mass c) velocity d) none
D. According Newton’s third law of motion, for every action
there is an _______ reaction.
a) Equal and opposite b) only same c) increased
E. The total quantity of motion contained in an object is called
the ____________.
a) Force b) Inertia c) momentum d) non
 Chapter 10

Gravitation

1. Which force is responsible for stability of our universe?

2. What are the two factors on which the gravitational force
between two objects depends?
3. The value of universal gravitational constant G on the earth is
6.67x 10-11Nm2kg-2. What is its value on the surface of moon?
4. Which is greater, the attraction of earth for 2kg of metal ball or
attraction of 2 kg metal ball for the earth and why?
5. If a body is freely falling is there any change in velocity?
Discuss.
6. An object is dropped from top of a tower and is allowed fall
freely, what is its acceleration and is it positive?
7. A ball is vertically projected upward with initial velocity u and
goes up to a maximum height h before coming back to the
ground. What is the value of h?
8. The gravitational force between two spherical bodies is B. What
will happen if the mass of the two spheres as well is the
distance between them is doubled?

9. Show that if earth attracts two objects C and D placed at the

same distance from centre of earth with the same force then
their masses are equal.
10. We all know that the earth attracts moon, does moon
also attract earth? If yes why does the earth not move towards
the moon?
 11. How will be force change between two object be effected
if force of gravitation between them is F and distance between
them is m a) if m is reduced to ½
b) Masses of both objects are increased 2 times
12. Calculate the force of gravitation due to earth on a ball of
1kg mass lying on the ground. (Mass of earth-6X 1024kg, radius
of earth R-6.4X 103km and G=6.7X10-11N m2Kg-2)

13.The gravitational force between two objects is 100N. How

should the distance between the objects be changed so that
force between them becomes 50N.

14.Two bodies of mass 1kg and 100 kg are dropped

simultaneously from same height 4.9m in vacuum. Calculate
and compare the final velocities just before hitting the ground
and the time interval in which they will hit the ground. ( g=9.8m
s-2)

Assertion-Reason Type Questions

Directions: In each of the following questions, a statement of
Assertion is given, and a corresponding statement of Reason is given
just below it. Of the statements, given below, mark the correct answer
as:
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Q.1. Assertion : Universal gravitational constant G is a scalar
quantity.
Reason : The value of G is same through out the universe.

Answer: (a)

Q.2. Assertion : When distance between two bodies is doubled and

also mass of each body is doubled, then
the gravitational force between them remains the same.
Reason : According to Newton’s law of gravitation, product of force
is directly proportional to the product

Q.3. Assertion : Any two objects in the universe attract each other by
a force called gravitation force.
Reason : The force of gravitation exerted by the earth is called
gravity.
Answer: (b)

Q.4. Assertion : The value of acceleration due to gravity changes

with the height, depth and shape of the earth.
Reason : Acceleration due to gravity is zero at the centre of the earth.

Answer: (b)

Q.5. Assertion : It is the gravitational force exerted by the sun and

the moon on the sea water that causes to the formation of tides in the
sea.
Reason : Gravitational force of attraction is a strong force.
Answer: (c)

Q.6. Assertion : If the net external force on the body is zero, then its
acceleration is zero.
Reason : Acceleration does not depend on force.

Answer: (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.

According to Newton’s second law,
force = acceleration x mass
i.e., if net external force on the body is zero (F = 0), then, the
acceleration of a body is also zero.

Q.7. Assertion : When a firefly hits a bus, each of them exerts the
same force.
Reason : Firefly has more mass as compared to the windshield.

Answer: (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.

Q.8. Assertion : Force required to accelerate a mass in two

perpendicular directions is never same.
Reason : The presence of g will not influence the acceleration.

Answer: (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.

Q.9. Assertion : From Newton’s second law of motion, impulse is
equal to change in momentum.
Reason : Impulse and momentum have different SI units.

Answer: (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

As impulse is equal to change in momentum. Therefore, impulse and
momentum have same SI units.

Q.10. Assertion : Newton’s third law applies to all types of forces.

e.g. gravitational, electric or magnetic forces etc.
Reason : Newton’s third law of motion is applicable only when
bodies are in motion.

Answer

Q.11. Assertion : A body is momentarily at rest when it reverses the

direction.
Reason : A body cannot have acceleration if its velocity is zero at a
given instant of time.

Answer: (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.

Q.12. Assertion : When a bullet is fired from a gun, there is a

forward force on the bullet and recoil of gun.
Reason : Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

Answer: (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the
correct explanation of assertion.
Q.13. Assertion : When astronauts throw something in space, that
object would continue moving in the same
direction and with the same speed.
Reason : The acceleration of an object produced by a net applied
force is directly related to the magnitude
of the force, and inversely related to the mass of the object.

Answer: (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion.

Q.14. Assertion : A large number of concurrent forces acting at the

same point of the object, then the object will be in equilibrium, if sum
of all the forces is equal to zero.
Reason : Equilibrium of a particle in mechanics refers to the situation
when the net external force on the particle is non-zero.

Answer: (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.

Q.15. Assertion : When we sit on a chair, our body exerts a force

downward and that chair needs to exert an equal force upward or the
chair will collapse.
Reason : The third law says that for every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction.

Answer: (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the
correct explanation of assertion.
Q.16. Assertion : A table cloth cannot be pulled from a table without
dislodging the dishes.
Reason : Newton’s second law of motion gives definition of inertia.

Answer: (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q.17. Assertion : Force exerted by the ground on the man moves him
forward.
Reason : It is a reactional force.

Answer: (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion.

Q.18. Assertion : Mass is a measure of inertia of the body in linear

motion.
Reason : Greater the mass, greater is the force required to change its
state of rest or motion.

Answer: (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the
correct explanation of assertion.
According to Newton’s second law of motion, F =ma i.e., magnitude
of the acceleration produced by a given force is inversely proportional
to the mass of the body. Higher is the mass of the body, lesser will be
the acceleration produced i.e., mass of the body is a measure of the
opposition offered by the body to change a state, when the force is
applied i.e., mass of a body is the measure of its inertia.

Q.19. Assertion : Change in momentum is impulse.

Reason : Impulse is the area between (F-t) graph and time axis.
Answer: (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion.

Q.20. Assertion : A boy facing forward in a moving bus throws a ball

straight up. At the same instant the bus begins to accelerate. The ball
goes up and falls in front of the boy.
Reason : As the ball rises, velocity remains constant.

Answer: (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

Only the horizontal component of velocity of the ball remains
unchanged. When the ball rises the vertical component of velocity
keeps on decreasing. During this time the bus accelerates out under
the ball. To the boy the ball appears to go over his head. The ball,
therefore, falls behind him.

Q.21. Assertion : An object may acquire acceleration even if it is

moving at a constant speed.
Reason : With change in the direction of motion, an object can
acquire acceleration.

Answer: (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the
correct explanation of assertion.
This is the equation of a parabola. A parabola results when one
quantity is proportional to the square of the other. When an object is
moving with a constant velocity (zero acceleration), the displacement
versus time graph is a straight line and its slope is velocity. When an
object is moving at a constant speed but its direction of motion
changes, its velocity changes and thus acceleration is produced.
Motion of an object in a circular path is such an example. In a
uniform circular motion, the direction of motion of the object changes
continuously and hence the velocity changes continuously even
though the speed is constant.
Q.22. Assertion : Displacement of an object may be zero even if the
distance covered by it is not zero.
Reason : Displacement is the shortest distance between the initial and
final position.

Answer: (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the
correct explanation of assertion.
When the final position of an object coincides with its initial position,
displacement is zero, but the distance travelled is not zero.

Q.23. Assertion : The graph between two physical quantities P and Q

is straight line, when P/Q is constant.
Reason : The straight line graph means that P is proportional to Q or
P is equal to constant multiplied by Q.

Answer: (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the
correct explanation of assertion.

Q.24. Assertion : Velocity versus time graph of a particle in uniform

motion along a straight path is a line parallel to the time axis.
Reason : In uniform motion the velocity of a particle increases as the
square of the time elapsed.

Answer: (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.

Q.25. Assertion : the speedometer of a car measures the

instantaneous speed of the car.
Reason : Average speed is equal to the total distance covered by an
object divided by the total time taken.
Answer: (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion.
The speedometer of a car measures the instantaneous speed of the
car.

Q.26. Assertion : An object may have acceleration even if it is

moving with uniform speed.
Reason : An object may be moving with uniform speed but it may be
changing its direction of motion.

Answer: (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the
correct explanation of assertion.
The uniform motion only means that the object is moving at a
constant speed but its direction of motion may be changing at in the
case of uniform circular motion. Hence, acceleration is produced in
uniform motion due to changes in velocity.

Q.27. Assertion : Motion with uniform velocity is always along a

straight line path.
Reason : In uniform velocity, speed is the magnitude of the velocity
and is equal to the instantaneous velocity.

Answer: (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion.
Uniform velocity means that speed and direction remain unchanged.

Q.28. Assertion : If a particle is moving with constant velocity, then

average velocity for any time interval is equal to instantaneous
velocity.
Reason : If average velocity of a particle moving on a straight line is
zero for a given time interval, then instantaneous velocity at some
instant within this interval must be zero.

Answer: (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion.

Q.29. Assertion : The displacement of an object can be either

positive, negative or zero.
Reason : Displacement has both the magnitude and direction.

Answer: (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the
correct explanation of assertion.
Displacement may be positive, negative or zero. Displacement is a
vector quantity.

Q.30. Assertion : When the displacement of a body is directly

proportional to the square of the time. Then the body is moving with
uniform acceleration.
Reason : The slope of velocity-time graph with time axis gives
acceleration.

Answer: (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the
correct explanation of assertion.