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MYP3 Unit 1 Summative Assessment Criterion D

This document discusses atomic theory and the current model of the atom. It introduces the three main particles that make up an atom - protons, neutrons, and electrons. It provides the masses of these particles in scientific notation and asks a series of questions involving calculations with atomic masses and particles.

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302 views

MYP3 Unit 1 Summative Assessment Criterion D

This document discusses atomic theory and the current model of the atom. It introduces the three main particles that make up an atom - protons, neutrons, and electrons. It provides the masses of these particles in scientific notation and asks a series of questions involving calculations with atomic masses and particles.

Uploaded by

2059964904
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Atomic Theory

The idea that all matter is composed of atoms is an incredibly important development. Before
atomic theory, people had a variety of beliefs, such as the idea that all objects were made of
some combination of basic elements: earth, air, fire and water. Atomic theory helps to explain the
different phases of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and it allows you to predict how materials will react
with each other. However, even the theory of the atom and its structure has developed over
time, owing to important discoveries of the particles that make up an atom.

The current model of the atom includes three types of particle: the nucleus contains neutrons
and protons and is surrounded by electrons that orbit around it.

-28
Neutrons and protons have roughly equivalent masses that can be written as 16.6 × 10 kg.
Using the same power of 10, electrons have a mass of 0.00911 × 10 -28 kg.

Atomic particles
a Represent each of these masses using correct scientific notation.
Neutron and protons:1.66 *10 -27
electrons :9.11*10 -31
b Which particle has the smallest mass? Explain how you know.
electron
Because 10 -27 >10 -31
Current elements
For each of the following questions, perform all of your calculations using scientific notation and
show your working. Express your answers in correct scientific notation.

c How many times greater is the mass of a proton than the mass of an electron?
d Oxygen is an element that was discovered in 1772 by Carl Wilhem Scheele. One atom of oxygen
has 8 electrons, 8 protons and 8 neutrons. Calculate the mass, in kg, of one atom of oxygen (the
atomic mass). Show your working.

e The element carbon-14, which is used in dating very old objects, was discovered in 1940 by
Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben. Its atomic mass is 2.324728 × 10 −26 kg. If one atom of carbon-14
has 6 electrons and 6 protons, find the number of neutrons in one atom of the element. Show
your working.
f Because individual atoms are so small, they are often grouped together in a larger amount,
called a mole. The number of atoms in a mole of a substance is 6.02 × 10 23, which is referred to as
Avogadro’s number. If one mole of water has a mass of 18g, find the number of atoms in 1000
grams (1 liter) of water.

g The distance from Earth to Mars is 54.6 million kilometres. A helium molecule has a length of
approximately 280 picometers. Find how many helium molecules could fit between these two
planets.
A new discovery
h Imagine you have discovered an element unlike any other on the planet. Prepare an info-
graphic that includes the following information, showing all necessary calculations using standard
form:
• the name of the element and its symbol
• the number of protons, neutrons and electrons

• the properties of the element that make it so unique and valuable

• the mass of one atom of the element in grams

• the number of atoms in 25 grams of the substance.

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