AR601 Unit-1

UNIT-1
Topic: Introduction to Research Methodology

AR601 M.ARCH
P R E S E N T E D B Y: A R . S A FA S E R A J
What is Research?
Research is a careful, systematic, patient study and investigation in
some field of knowledge, undertaken to establish facts or principles.
(Grinnel, 1993)
What is Research?
Research is the systematic and objective analysis and
recording of controlled observations that may lead to the
development of generalizations, principles or theories
resulting in prediction and possibly ultimate control of
events.
(Kumar, 1996).
What is Research?
Research is a process by which people discover or create new
knowledge about the world in which they live.
(Intel Corporation, 2008)

Objective of Research
To explore new areas of knowledge or phenomena that have not been studied before.
To validate or prove existing theories or hypotheses.
To provide evidence to support decision-making or policy development.
To improve practices or processes in a particular field.
To identify new opportunities for innovation or technological development.
To describe and understand the characteristics and behaviour of a particular population or
group.
To evaluate the effectiveness or impact of a particular intervention or program.
To identify the causes or factors that contribute to a particular problem or phenomenon.
To predict future trends or outcomes based on existing data and information.
To generate new ideas and theories to guide future research and development.
Types of Research
Based on application of research
1. Basic or Pure
2. Applied
1. Basic or Pure
Research problem deals with fundamental or problems of facts

New knowledge or verifies theories
Knowledge for its own sake
2. Applied
 Problems deals with the “means”
 Find solutions to human problems
 Practical use
Types of Research
Based on approach under which the study is conducted
1. Descriptive/Observational
2. Experimental
3. Technical
1. Descriptive/Observational
Defines characteristics of an organism and makes comparisons
with others without manipulating factors or conditions
No manipulation of independent variables

2. Experimental
Alteration of factor/s and variable/s in a controlled manner
or under controlled conditions to test an organism’s
response to the factors applied
Involves cause and effect
3. Technical Research
Development of a technique or procedure using established
knowledge as a basis for coming up with the methodology.
Types of Research
Based on the type of information sought
1. Quantitative
2. Qualitative
Research Approaches
1. Qualitative
2. Quantitative
3. Mixed Method Research
1. Qualitative
These methods aim to address societies’ scientific and practical
issues and involve naturalistic and interpretative approaches to
different subject matters.
These methods utilize various empirical materials such as case
studies, life experiences, and stories that show the routines and
problems that individuals are struggling with in their lives
through focusing on their in-depth meaning and motivations
which cannot be defined by numbers.
1. Qualitative
 Qualitative research aims to collect primary, first-hand, textual data and
analyze it using specific interpretive methods.
 It is a useful method in studying a phenomenon with limited accessible
information as its nature is exploratory.
 Thus, the qualitative approach can discover new insights, ideas, and
generate new theories
2. Quantitative
Quantitative research is the method of employing numerical values derived from
observations to explain and describe the phenomena that the observations can reflect on
them.
This method employs both empirical statements, as descriptive statements about the
meaning of the cases in real words not about the ought of the cases, and methods.
It also applies the empirical evaluations intending to determine to which degree a norm or
standard is fulfilled in a particular policy or program.
Finally, the collected numerical data is analyzed using mathematical methods.
3. Mixed Method Research
Mixed-method methods simply employ a combination of both qualitative
and quantitative approaches based on the purpose of the study and the
nature of the research question aiming to provide a better understanding of
the subject.
In an interdisciplinary research atmosphere, a team of researchers with
different methodological choices and interests can also benefit from utilizing
mixed methods.
Significance of research
•Contributes to the development of new knowledge
•Supports decision-making and policy development
•Improves practices and processes
•Helps solve real-world problems
•Promotes economic growth and development
•Enhances the quality of life
Research methods vs Methodology
Research methods Research Methodology
The objective of methods is to find solution to the The objective of methodology is to determine
research problem. appropriateness of the methods applied with a view to
ascertain solution.
Methods are just behavior or tools used to select a Methodology is analysis of all the methods and
research technique. procedures of the investigation.
Methods are applied during the later stage of the Methodologies are applied during the initial stage of
research study. the research process.
It comprises different investigation techniques of the It is a systematic strategy to find solution to the
study. research problem.
Methods encompasses of carrying out experiments, Methodology encompasses several techniques used
conducting surveys, tests, etc. while conducting these experiments, surveys, tests,
etc.
Research Process
Research process consists of a series of steps or actions required for
effectively conducting research while formulating the research
problem, extensive literature survey, developing hypothesis,
preparing the research design, determining sample design, collecting
data, execution of the project, analysis of data, hypothesis testing,
generalization and interpretation, and preparation of the report or
presentation of the results.
Criteria of a Good Research
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UNIT-1

Topic: Introduction to Research Methodology

(Intel Corporation, 2008)

Research problem deals with fundamental or problems of facts

No manipulation of independent variables

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