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    Exercise 1

    Uploaded by

    Farah Adibah
    The document provides calculations to determine the concentration of various solutions in different units including ppm, molarity, %w/w, and normality. It also describes the step-by-step processes for preparing specific volumes of solutions with defined concentrations from solid reagents using volumetric measurements and calculations involving molar masses, moles, and solution stoichiometry.

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    Exercise 1

    Uploaded by

    Farah Adibah
    147 views27 pages
    The document provides calculations to determine the concentration of various solutions in different units including ppm, molarity, %w/w, and normality. It also describes the step-by-step processes for preparing specific volumes of solutions with defined concentrations from solid reagents using volumetric measurements and calculations involving molar masses, moles, and solution stoichiometry.

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    Exercise1

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    The document provides calculations to determine the concentration of various solutions in different units including ppm, molarity, %w/w, and normality. It also describes the step-by-step processes for preparing specific volumes of solutions with defined concentrations from solid reagents using volumetric measurements and calculations involving molar masses, moles, and solution stoichiometry.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    147 views27 pages

    Exercise 1

    Uploaded by

    Farah Adibah
    The document provides calculations to determine the concentration of various solutions in different units including ppm, molarity, %w/w, and normality. It also describes the step-by-step processes for preparing specific volumes of solutions with defined concentrations from solid reagents using volumetric measurements and calculations involving molar masses, moles, and solution stoichiometry.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 27

    Methanol has a density of 2.79 g/mL. If 16.

    5 mL of this
    methanol is added to water to make a 2000.0 mL solution,
    calculate the concentration of the prepared methanol solution
    in,

    i) ppm
    ii) molarity
    i) Mass CH3OH = 16.5 mL x 2.79 g/mL = 46.035 g
    ppm = 46.035 g / 2000.0 mL x 106 = 23017.5 ppm

    ii) Methanol, CH3OH, MM = 12 + 3(1) +16 + 1 = 32 g/mol


    mol CH3OH = 46.035 g / 32 g/mol = 1.4386 mol
    Molarity = 1.4386 mol / 2. 0 L = 0.7193 M
    A 25.00 g of potassium chloride is dissolved in water to make 250.0 mL
    solution with a density of 1.14 g/mL. Express the concentration of the
    solution in.
    i) % (w/w)

    ii) molarity
    i) Potassium chloride, KCl
    Mass of solution = 250 ml x 1.14g/ml
    = 285 g
    %(w/w) = 25.00 g/285 g x 100%
    = 8.77 %

    ii) Molar mass KCl = 39 + 35.5


    = 74.5 g/mol

    Mol = mass/MM = 25.00 g/ 74.5 g/mol


    = 0.3356 mol

    Molarity = mol/volume
    = 0.3356mol/ 0.250 L
    = 1.34 M
    A 500 mL solution contains 26.3 g FeCl3. Calculate the

    i) concentration of Fe3+ in g/L.

    ii) molarity of Cl-.


    i) Mass of Fe = 26.3 x 55.8 / (55.8 + 3 x 35.5)
    = 9.04 g
    Concentration of Fe = 9.04 / (500/1000)
    = 18.1 g/L

    ii) Mol Cl = 3 x mol FeCl3


    = 3 x 26.3 / (55.8 + 3 x 35.5)
    = 0.486 mol

    Molarity = 0.486 mol / 0.5 L


    = 0.973 M
    A solution is prepared by dissolving 3.5725 g H3PO4 in 500 mL
    volumetric flask and diluting it to the calibration mark. Calculate the:
    i) normality of the H3PO4 solution.

    ii) ppm of H+ ion in the solution.


    Mol H3PO4 = 3.5725 g H3PO4 x mol = 0.036 mol
    98 g H3PO4

    Mol H+ = 1 mol H3PO4 x 3 mol H+ = 0.108 mol


    1 mol H3PO4

    ppm H+ = 0.108 mol H+ x 1 g H+ x 1000 mg x 1 .


    mol H+ 1g 0.5 L
    =218.72 ppm
    Describe the preparation of 1.00 L of 2.00 M ammonium hydroxide,
    NH4OH from a concentrated solution that has a purity of 25% (w/w)
    and a specific gravity of 0.957.
    Molar mass ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH = 14 + 4(1) + 16 + 1
    = 35 g/mol

    Concentration NH4OH 25% (w/w), specific gravity 0.957


    25 𝑔 0.957 𝑔 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1000 𝑚𝐿
    = × × × = 6.8357 M
    100 𝑔 𝑚𝐿 35 𝑔 1𝐿

    McVc = MdVd
    (6.8357 M) Vc = 2.00 M (1.00 L)
    Vc = 0.2926 L = 292.6 mL #

    Measure 292.6 mL of the concentrated NH4OH and dilute it with


    distilled water to the mark in 1.00 L volumetric flask.
    Methanoic acid (HCOOH) has a density of 1.22 g/mL. Describe the
    preparation of 500 mL 0.70 M HCOOH without weighing the methanoic
    acid.
    Mol HCOOH = 0.70 x 500/1000 = 0.35

    Mass HCOOH = 0.35 x MW HCOOH


    = 0.35 x 46.0
    = 16.1 g

    Volume HCOOH = mass/density


    = 16.1 / 1.22
    = 13.2 mL

    Dissolve 13.2 mL of HCOOH in distilled water in a 500 mL volumetric flask.


    Add water up to the calibration mark and shake well.
    Calculate the number of millimoles of solute in 200 mL of 1.25 x 10-3 M
    CuSO4.10H2O solution.
    n = MV
    = 1.25 x 10-3 mol L-1 x 0.2 L
    = 2.5 x 10-4 mol
    = 2.5 x 10-4 x 103 mmol
    = 0.25 mmol
    Hydrochloric acid is usually sold commercially as 37% (w/w) in a bottle
    of 2.5 L. The bottle label stated its specific gravity at 20°C is 1.19 and its
    formula weight is 36.46 g/mol. Calculate its molar concentration if the
    density of water at 20°C is 0.9982 g/mL.
    HCl from commercial reagent, 37 % (w/w) and specific gravity = 1.19.

    Density of HCl = specific gravity x density of water


    = 1.19 x 0.9982 g/mL
    = 1.1879 g/mL

    % w/w = mass of solute x 100%


    mass of solution

    Mass of solute = 37 x 1.1879 g/mL x 1000 mL= 439.52 g


    100

    Mol of solute in 1L solution = 439.52 g ÷ 36.46 g/mol = 12.05 mol

    Molar concentration = 12.05 mol x 1 L = 12.05 M


    Atau

    M = 37 g x 1000 mL x 1.19 x 0.9982 g x 1 mol .


    100 g 1L 1 mL 36.46g

    = 12.05 M
    The molarity of 90% (w/w) H3PO4 solution is 12.0 M.

    i) Determine the density of H3PO4 solution.

    ii) Describe the preparation of 200 mL solution of 1.5 N


    H3PO4.
    i) Molar mass H3PO4 = 3(1) + 31 + 4(16)
    = 98 g/mol

    M = 12.0 = 90g/100g x mol/98g x density x 1000ml/L


    Density (g/mL) = (12.0 mol/L x 100g x 98g x 1L)/(90g x 1000ml x mol)
    = 1.307 g/mL
    ii) no of equivalent, n H3PO4 = 3

    N=nxM
    = 3 x 12.0
    = 36

    N1V1 =N2V2
    36V1 = 1.5 x 200 mL
    V1 = 8.33 mL

    Measure 8.33mL of the concentrated H3PO4 and dilute it with distilled


    water to the mark in 200 mL volumetric flask.
    Explain how to prepare 250 mL 350 ppm Mg2+ from solid magnesium
    sulphate
    350 ppm = mass of Mg (g) / 250 mL x 106
    Mass of Mg (g) = (350 / 106) x 250 = 0.0875 g

    Mass of MgSO4 = 0.0875 x MgSO4 / Mg


    = 0.0875 x (24.30 + 32.06 + (4 x 16)) / (24.30)
    = 0.4375 g

    Dissolve 0.4375 g of MgSO4 in some distilled water in a 250 mL volumetric


    flask. Then add distilled water up to the calibration mark and shake well to
    make the solution homogeneous
    Explain how to prepare 2.0 L solution that is 50.0 ppm in NO3-, from
    solid magnesium nitrate
    Concentration = 50 ppm = 50 mg/L
    Mass of NO3- = 50 mg/L x 2.0 L
    = 100 mg = 100/1000 = 0.1 g
    Molar mass NO3- = 14 + 3(16) = 62 g/mol
    Mol NO3- = 0.1 g/ 62 g/mol
    =1.613 x 10-3 mol
    Magnesium nitrate = Mg(NO3)2

    Mg(NO3)2 Mg2+ + 2NO3-


    Mol Mg(NO3)2 / mol NO3- = 1/2
    Mol Mg(NO3)2 = ½ x 1.613 x 10-3
    = 8.065 x 10-4

    Molar mass Mg(NO3)2 = 24 + 2(14) + 6(16) = 148 g/mol


    Mass Mg(NO3)2 = 8.065 x 10-4 mol x 148 g/mol
    = 0.1194 g

    Weigh 0.1194 g of Mg(NO3)2 , dissolve in water and transfer into 2.0 L volumetric flask and dilute it
    to the mark.
    Explain briefly how to prepare the following solutions in the laboratory
    using Pb(NO3)2 as the starting reagent 250 mL 20%(w/v) Pb(NO3)2.
    i) 250 mL of 20 % (w/v) Pb(NO3)2.

    W x 100 = 20
    250

    W = 20 x 250
    100
    = 50 g

    Dissolve 50g Pb(NO3)2 in sufficient distilled water in a 250 mL volumetric flask and make up to the
    calibration mark.

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