Akul PHP Practical File (Edited Version) - Page - Number

Chandigarh College of Technology
SUBJECT:- PROGRAMMING IN PHP LABORATORY

SUBJECT CODE: UGCA1930
BCA –5th Semester
Chandigarh College of Technology
Submitted By :- Akul Sharma Submitted To :- Mr Raj Kumar

Roll no. :- 2110367 Designation :- Assistant Professor
Semester :- 5th Department :- DCA, Landran
CGC Landran
Bachelor of Computer Applications
Landran, Mohali (Punjab)
(Pin- 140307)
2
INDEX
Sign &
Sr.No. Title Page No Date
Remarks
1. What is PHP? Basic Syntax 4
2. Error Management 5
3. Comments in PHP 6
4. PHP is a Loosely Typed Language 7
5. PHP Variables Example 8
6. Global and locally-scoped variables 9
7. Static Keyword in PHP 10
ECHO and PRINT statements in 11

8.
PHP
9. String Functions in PHP 12
10. Constant in PHP 13
11. PHP Operators 14 - 18
12. The if Statement in PHP 19
13. The if…else Statement in PHP 20
The if…elseif…else Statement in 21

14.
PHP
15. Switch Statement in PHP 22
16. For loop in PHP 23 – 24
17. While Loop in PHP 25
18. Do While loop in PHP 26 – 27
19. Swap Numbers PHP Example 28
20. PHP Functions 29
21. Statements in PHP 30 – 31
22. PHP Global Variables 32 – 33

3
23. Array in PHP 34 – 36
24. PHP Forms 37 - 41
How to connect to MYSQL database 42 - 44

25.
using PHP
The functions used to connect web 45

26.
form to the MYSQL database
Display the data from MYSQL 46

27.
database in web form
Insert the data into MYSQL database 47 - 48

28.
using web form
Update the data present in MYSQL 49 – 50

29.
database using web form
Delete the data from MYSQL 51 - 52

30.
database using web form
4
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 1
What is PHP?
 PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

 PHP is a server-side scripting language
 PHP scripts are executed on the server
 PHP supports many databases (MySQL, Informix, Oracle, Sybase,
Solid, PostgreSQL, Generic ODBC, etc.)
 PHP is an open source software
 PHP is free to download and use
Basic PHP Syntax
 A PHP script starts with <?php and ends with ?>

 The default file extension for PHP files is ".php"
 A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code
 PHP statements are terminated by semicolon (;)
 In PHP, all user-defined functions, classes, and keywords (e.g. if, else, while, echo,
etc.) are not case-sensitive
Hello World example
<html>
<body>
<?php
// Use echo to print on console echo
‚Hello World!‛;
?>
</body>
</html>
Go to htdocs folder which is present in the apache2triad installed folder. There

create a folder and save this program with .php extension such as Hello.php.
To execute hello world program, type in the address bar as

follows: http://localhost/MyPHPProgram/hello.php
5
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 2
Error Management
 Compile-time errors:
o Compile-time errors are detected by the parser while it is
compiling a script.
o The compile-time errors cannot be trapped from within the script itself
 Fatal errors:
o Fatal errors are the errors that halt the execution of a script.
o The fatal errors cannot be trapped.
 Recoverable errors:
o Recoverable errors that represent significant failures, but can
still be handled in a safe way.
 Warnings:
o Warnings are recoverable errors that indicate a run-time fault.
o Warnings do not halt the execution of the script.
 Notices:
o Notices indicate that an error condition occurred, but is not
necessarily significant.
o Notices do not halt the execution of the script
Finding errors present in the program
<html>
<body>
<php
echo “Hello World!;
// here ? is missing
>
</body>
</html>
To find the errors present in the program go to:
Start  All programs  Apache2triad  Apache2TriadCP

6
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 3
Comments in PHP
 // Single line comment (C++ and Java-style comment)

 # Single line comment (Shell-style comments)
 /* Multiple line comment
(C-style comments) */
7
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 4
PHP is a Loosely Typed Language
▪ In PHP, a variable does not need to be declared before adding a value to it

▪ PHP automatically converts the variable to the correct data type,
depending on its value
▪ In PHP, the variable is declared automatically when you use it
▪ PHP variables must begin with a “$” sign
▪ Variables are used for storing values, like text strings, numbers or arrays
▪ The correct way of declaring a variable in PHP:
$var_name = value;
8
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 5
PHP Variables Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
$a = 25; // Numerical variable
$b = ‚Hello‛; // String variable
$c = 5.7; // Float variable echo ‚Number is :
‛.$a.‚<br/>‛; echo ‚String is : ‛.$b.‚<br/>‛; echo ‚Float value : ‛.$c;
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT of the above given Example is as follows:
Number is : 25
String is : Hello Float value : 5.7

9
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 6
Global and locally-scoped variables
 Global variables can be used anywhere

 Local variables restricted to a function or class
Example for Global and locally-scoped variables
<html>
<body>
<?php
$x=24; // global scope
// Function definition function myFunction() {

$y=59; // local scope
echo "Variable x is: $x <br>"; echo "Variable y is: $y";
}
myFunction();// Function call
echo "Variable x is: $x"; echo "<br>";

echo "Variable y is: $y";
?>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT of the above given Example is as follows: Variable x is:
Variable y is: 59
Test variables outside the function: Variable x is: 24
Variable y is:
10
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 7
Static Keyword in PHP
 Static keyword is used when you first declare the variable

 Each time the function is called, that variable will still have the information it
contained from the last time the function was called
Static Keyword Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
// Function definition function myFunction() {
static $x=45; echo $x; echo "<br/>";
$x++;
}
// Function call
myFunction(); myFunction(); myFunction(); myFunction(); myFunction();
?>
<body>
<html>
45
46
47
48
49
11
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 8
ECHO and PRINT statements in PHP
 ECHO - It can output one or more strings

 PRINT – It can only output one string, and returns always 1
 ECHO is faster compared to PRINT as echo does not return any value
 ECHO is not a function and, as such, it does not have a return value
 If you need to output data through a function, you can use PRINT() instead:
Example:
echo 50;
print (50);
PRINT Statement Example in PHP
<html>
<body>
<?php
// Use ‘print’ to print on console print "Hello world!<br>***********";
?>
</body>
</html>
Hello world!
***********
12
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 9
String Functions in PHP
 strlen() function
 strpos() function
1. strlen() function
The strlen() function returns the length of a string, in characters
<html>
<body>
<?php
// Displays the length of the string echo
strlen("Hello world!");
?>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT of the above given Example is as

follows:
12
2. strpos() function
The strpos() function is used to search for a

specified character or text within a string
<html>
<body>
<?php
/* Displays the position of ‘world’ in
the text ‘Hello world*/
echo strpos("Hello world!","world");
?>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT of the above given Example is as

follows:
6
13
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 10
Constant in PHP
define() function is used to set a constant
It takes three parameters they are:

 Name of the constant
 Value of the constant
 Third parameter is optional. It specifies whether the constant name should be case-
insensitive. Default is false
Constant string Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
/* Here constant name is ‘Hai’ and ‘Hello Friend’ is its constant value and true
indicates the constant value is case- insensitive */
define("Hai","Hello Friend",true); echo hai;
?>
</body>
</html>
Hello Friend
PHP Example to calculate the area of the circle
<html>
<body>
<?php
// defining constant value PI = 3.14
define(“PI”,”3.14”);
$radius=15;
$area=PI*$radius;
echo “Area=”.$area;
?>
</body>
</html>
Area = 706.5
14
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 11
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators allow performing basic mathematical operations
Operator Description Example Result
+ Addition $a = 2 + 5; $a=7
- Subtraction $a = 10 - 2; $a=8
* Multiplication $a = 2 * 5; $a=10
/ Division $a = 15 / 5; $a=3
% Modulus $a = 23 % 7; $a=3.28
++ Increment $a =5; $a=6
$a ++;
-- Decrement $a =5; $a=4
$a --;
15
Arithmetic Operators Example:
<html>
<body>
<?php
// Add 20, 10 and sum is stored in $i
$i=(20 + 10);
// Subtract $i, 5 and difference is stored in $j
$j=($i - 5);
// Multiply $j, 5 and difference is stored in $j
$j=($i - 5);
// Multiply $j, 4 and result is stored in $k
$k=($j * 4);
// Divide $k, 2 and result is stored in $l
$l=($k / 2);
// Divide $l, 5 and remainder is stored in $m
$m=($l % 5);
echo "i = ".$i."<br/>";
echo "j = ".$j."<br/>";
echo "k = ".$k."<br/>";
echo "l = ".$l."<br/>";
echo "m = ".$m."<br/>";
?>
</body>
</html>
i = 30
j = 25
k = 100
l = 50
m=0
16
Increment and Decrement Operators
Operator Name Description
++$a Pre-increment Increments $a by one, then returns $a
$a++ Post-increment Returns $a, then increments $a by one
--$a Pre-decrement Decrements $a by one, then returns $a
$a-- Post-decrement Returns $a, then decrements $a by one
Increment and Decrement Operators Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
$i=10;
$j=20;
$i++;
$j++;
echo $i."<br/>"; echo $j."<br/>";
// Post increment
$k=$i++;
// Pre increment
$l=++$j;
echo $k."<br/>"; echo
?>
</body>
</html>
11
21
11
2
17
Assignment Operators in PHP
Assignment operator is used to write a value to a variable
Operator Example Is the same as
= x=y x=y
+= x+=y x=x+y
-= x-=y x=x-y
*= x*=y x=x*y
/= x/=y x=x/y
.= x.=y x=x.y
%= x%=y x=x%y
Assignment Operators Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
$a=5;
echo "a=".$a; echo "<br/>";
$b=10;
$b += 20;
echo "b=".$b; echo "<br/>";
$c=15;
$c -= 5;
echo "c=".$c; echo "<br/>";
$d=20;
$d *= 2; echo "d=".$d; echo "<br/>";
$e=25;
$e /= 5;
echo "e=".$e; echo "<br/>";
$f=30;
$f %= 4;
echo "f=".$f;
?>
18
</body>
</html>
a=5 b=30 c=10 d=40

e=5 f=2
String Operators in PHP
Operator Name Example Result
. Concatenation $a = "Hello" $b = "Hello world!"

$b = $a . " world!"
.= Concatenation $a = "Hello" $a = "Hello world!"

Assignment $a .= " world!"
String Operators Example
<?php
$x="Hello";
$y=" ";
$z="PHP";
$n="\n";
$str=$x . $y . $z . $n;
echo $str;
?>

Hello PHP
String Operators Example 2
<?php
$x="Hello ";
$y="PHP";
$x .= $y;
echo $x;
?>

Hello PHP
19
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 12
The if Statement in PHP
If statement executes some code only if a specified condition is true
Syntax:
if (condition) {
code to be executed if condition is true;
}
The if Statement Example:
<html>
<body>
<?php
$i=0;
/* If condition is true, statement is executed*/
if($i==0)
echo "i is 0";
?>
<body>
</html>
OUTPUT of the above given Example is
as follows:
i is 0
20
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 13
The if…else Statement in PHP
If…else statement executes some code if a condition is true and some another
code if the condition is false
Syntax:
if (condition) {
// code to be executed if condition is true;
}
else{
//code to be executed if condition is false;
}
The if…else Statement Example:
<html>
<body>
<?php
$i=1;
/* If condition is true, statement1 is executed, else statement2 is executed*/
if($i==0)
echo "i is 0"; //statement1
else
echo i is not 0"; //statement2
?>
</body>
</html>
The Output for the given example is...
i is not 0
21
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 14
The if…elseif…else Statement in PHP
If…elseif…else statement selects one of several blocks of code to be executed
Syntax:
if (condition) {
}
elseif (condition) {
}
else {
code to be executed if condition is false;
}
The if…elseif…else Statement Example (Comparing two numbers)
<html>
<body>
<?php
$i=22;
$j=22;
/* If condition1 is true, statement1 is executed, if condition1 is false and condition2 is
true, statement2 is executed, if both the conditions are false statement3 is executed */
if($i>$j)
echo "i is greater"; //statement1 elseif($i<$j)
echo "j is greater"; //statement2
?>
<body>
</html>
else
echo "numbers are equal"; //Statement3
numbers are equal

22
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 15
Switch Statement in PHP
Switch statement selects one from multiple blocks of code to be executed
Syntax:
switch (n) {
case label1:
code to be executed if n=label1; break;
case label2:
code to be executed if n=label2; break;
...
default:
code to be executed if n is different from all labels;
}
Switch Statement Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
$favcolor = "red";
switch ($favcolor) {
case "red":
echo "Your favorite color is red!";
break;
case "blue":
echo "Your favorite color is blue!";
break;
case "green":
echo "Your favorite color is green!";
break;
default:
echo "Your favorite color is neither red, blue, nor green!";
}
?>
</body>
</html>

Your favorite color is red!
23
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 16
For loop in PHP
PHP for loop executes a block of code, a specified number of times
Syntax:
for (initialization; test condition; increment/decrement)

{ code to be executed;
}
For loop Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
echo "Numbers from 1 to 20 are: <br>";
/*in for loop, initialization usually declares a loop variable, condition is a Boolean
expression such that if the condition is true, loop body will be executed and after each
iteration of loop body, expression is executed which usually increase or decrease loop
variable*/
for ($x=0; $x<=20; $x++) { echo "$x ";

}
?>
</body>
</html>
Numbers from 1 to 20 are:

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Declaring multiple variables in for loop Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
/* Multiple variables can be declared in declaration block of for loop */
for ($x=0,$y=1,$z=2;$x<=3;$x++) {
echo "x = $x, y = $y, z = $z <br>";
}
24
?>
</body>
</html>
x = 0, y = 1, z = 2
x = 1, y = 1, z = 2
x = 2, y = 1, z = 2
x = 3, y = 1, z = 2
25
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 17
While Loop in PHP
While loop, loops through a block of code as long as the specified condition is true
Syntax:
while (condition)
}
While Loop Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
$i=1;
/* here <condition> is a Boolean expression. Loop body is executed as long as
condition is true*/
while($i<5){
echo "i is = $i <br>";
$i++;
}
?>
</body>
</html>
i is = 1
i is = 2
i is = 3
i is = 4
26
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 18
Do While Loop in PHP
Do while loop will always execute the block of code once, it will then check the condition,
and if the condition is true then it repeats the loop
Syntax:
do {
code to be executed;
} while (condition );
Do While loop Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
$i=1;
/* here <condition> is a Boolean expression. Please note that the condition is
evaluated after executing the loop body. So loop will be executed at least once
even if the condition is false*/
do
{
echo "i is = $i <br>";
$i++;
}while($i<5);
?>
</body>
</html>
i is = 1
i is = 2
i is = 3
i is = 4
User Defined Function in PHP
Functions are group of statements that can perform a task
Syntax:
function functionName()
27
}
User Defined Function Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
// Function definition function myFunction()
{
echo "Hello world";
}
// Function call myFunction();
?>
</body>
</html>
Hello world
28
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 19
Swap Numbers PHP Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
$num1=10;
$num2=20;
echo "Numbers before swapping:<br/>"; echo "Num1=".$num1;
echo "<br/>Num2=".$num2;
// Function call
swap($num1,$num2);
// Function definition
function swap($n1,$n2)
{
$temp=$n1;
$n1=$n2;
$n2=$temp;
echo "<br/><br/>Numbers after
swapping:<br/>"; echo "Num1=".$n1;
echo "<br/>Num2=".$n2;
}
?>
</body>
</html>
Numbers before swapping:

Num1=10
Num2=20
Numbers after swapping:

Num1=20
Num2=10
29
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 20
PHP Functions - Adding parameters
<html>
<body>
<?php
// Function definition function writeName($fname)
{
echo $fname . " Refsnes.<br />";
}
echo "My name is ";
writeName("Kai Jim"); //Function call
echo "My sister's name is "; writeName("Hege"); // Function call
echo "My brother's name is "; writeName("Stale"); // Function call
?>
</body>
</html>
My name is Kai Jim Refsnes.

My sister's name is Hege Refsnes. My brother's name is Stale Refsnes.
PHP Functions - Return values
<html>
<body>
<?php
// Function definition function add($x,$y)
{
$total=$x+$y; return $total;
}
// Function call
echo "1 + 16 = " . add(1,16);
?>
</body>
</html>
1 + 16 = 17
30
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 21
Statements in PHP
Break statement
 Break statement is used to terminate the loop

 After the break statement is executed the control goes to the statement immediately
after the loop containing break statement
Break statement example
<html>
<body>
<?php
/* when $i value becomes 3, the loop is Terminated*/
for($i=0;$i<5;$i++)
{
if($i==3)
break;
else
echo "$i "
}
?>
</body>
</html>
Output :
012
Continue statement
 There are cases in which, rather than terminating a loop, you simply want to skip over
the remainder of iteration and immediately skip over to the next.
 Continue statement is used to skip a particular iteration of the loop.
Continue statement example
<html>
<body>
<?php
/* when $i value becomes 3, it will skip the particular of the loop*/
31
for($i=0;$i<=5;$i++)
{
if($i==3)
continue;
else
echo "$i ";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
01245
32
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 22
PHP Global Variables
Superglobals
 "Superglobals" are predefined variables in PHP

 They are always accessible, regardless of scope - and can access them from any
function, class or file
The PHP superglobal variables are:

1. $GLOBALS
2. $_SERVER
3. $_REQUEST
4. $_POST
5. $_GET
6. $_ENV
7. $_COOKIE
8. $_SESSION
9. $_FILES
$GLOBALS
 $GLOBALS is a PHP super global variable which is used to access global variables
from anywhere in the PHP script (also from within functions or methods)
 PHP stores all global variables in an array called $GLOBALS[index].
 The index holds the name of the variable
Example:
<html>
<body>
<?php
$a = 20;
$b = 40;
function addition()
{
$GLOBALS['c'] = $GLOBALS['a'] + $GLOBALS['b'];
}
addition(); echo $c;
?>
</body>
</html>
33
OUTPUT of the above given Example is as follows : 60
$_SERVER
 $_SERVER is a PHP super global variable which holds information about headers,
paths, and script locations
Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
echo "<br>";
echo $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'];
?>
</body>
</html>
/User/server.php localhost localhost

Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; GTB7.5; SLCC2;
.NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC
6.0; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)
/User/server.php
34
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 23
Array in PHP
An array stores multiple values in one single variable
In PHP, there are three kinds of arrays:

 Numeric array
 Associative array
 Multidimensional array
Numeric Array in PHP
Numeric array is an array with a numeric index
Numeric Array Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
/* An array $flower_shop is created with three Values - rose, daisy,orchid */
$flower_shop = array (
"rose",
"daisy", "orchid"
);
/* Values of array $flower_shop is displayed based on index. The starting index of an
array is Zero */ echo "Flowers: ".$flower_shop[0].",
".$flower_shop[1].", ".$flower_shop[2]."";
?>
</body>
</html>
Flowers: rose, daisy, orchid
Associative array in PHP
Associative array is an array where each ID key is associated with a value
Associative array Example

35
<html>
<body>
<?php
/* Here rose, daisy and orchid indicates ID key and 5.00, 4.00, 2.00 indicates their values
respectively
*/
$flower_shop = array (
"rose" => "5.00",
"daisy" => "4.00",
"orchid" => "2.00"
);
// Display the array values echo "rose costs
.$flower_shop['rose'].",daisy costs ".$flower_shop['daisy'].",and orchild costs
".$flower_shop['orchild']."";
?>
</body>
</html>
rose costs 5.00,daisy costs 4.00,and orchild costs
Loop through an Associative Array
<html>
<body>
<?php
$flower_shop=array("rose"=>"5.00", "daisy"=>"4.00","orchid"=>"2.00");
/* for each loop works only on arrays, and is used to loop through each key/value
pair in an array */
foreach($flower_shop as $x=>$x_value) { echo "Flower=" . $x .
", Value=" . $x_value; echo "<br>";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
Flower=rose, Value=5.00 Flower=daisy, Value=4.00 Flower=orchid, Value=2.00

36
Multidimensional array in PHP
Multidimensional array is an array containing one or more arrays
Multidimensional array Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
/* Here $flower_shop is an array, where rose, daisy and orchid are the ID key which
indicates rows and points to array which have column values. */
$flower_shop = array(
"rose" => array( "5.00", "7 items", "red" ),
"daisy" => array( "4.00", "3 items", "blue" ),
"orchid" => array( "2.00", "1 item", "white" ),
);
/* in the array $flower_shop['rose'][0], ‘rose’ indicates row
and ‘0’ indicates column */
echo "rose costs ".$flower_shop['rose'][0].
", and you get ".$flower_shop['rose'][1].".<br>";
echo "daisy costs ".$flower_shop['daisy'][0].
", and you get ".$flower_shop['daisy'][1].".<br>";
echo "orchid costs ".$flower_shop['orchid'][0].
", and you get ".$flower_shop['orchid'][1].".<br>";
?>
</body>
</html>
rose costs 5.00, and you get 7 items.

daisy costs 4.00, and you get 3 items.
orchid costs 2.00, and you get 1 item.
37
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 24
PHP Forms
 Scripts will interact with their clients using one of the two HTTP methods. The
methods are GET and POST
 When a form is submitted using the GET method, its values are encoded directly in
the query string portion of the URL
 When a form is submitted using the POST method, its values will not be displayed the
query string portion of the URL
The $_GET Function
 The built-in $_GET function is used to collect values from a form sent with
method="get"
 Information sent from a form with the GET method is visible to everyone (it will be
displayed in the browser's URL) and has limits on the amount of information to send
(max. 100 characters)
 This method should not be used when sending passwords or other sensitive
information. However, because the variables are displayed in the URL, it is possible
to bookmark the page
 The get method is not suitable for large variable values; the value cannot exceed 100
characters
The $_POST Function
 The built-in $_POST function is used to collect values from a form sent with
method="post"
 Information sent from a form with the POST method is invisible to others and has no
limits on the amount of information to send
 However, there is an 8 Mb max size for the POST method, by default (can be changed
by setting the post_max_size in the php.ini file)
The $_GET Function Example Form1.html
<html>
<body>
/* form submitted using ‘get’ method, action specifies next page which is to be
loaded when button is clicked*/
<form action="welcome.php" method="get">
// textbox is to take user input Name: <input type="text" name="fname" /> Age:
<input type="text" name="age" />
// Submit button is to submit the value
<input type="submit" />
</form>
</body>
38
</html>
welcome.php
<html>
<body>
// $_GET to receive the data sent from Form1.html
Welcome <?php echo $_GET["fname"]; ?>.<br /> You are <?php echo
$_GET["age"]; ?> years old!
</body>
</html>
The $_ POST Function Example form1.html
<html>
<body>
/* form submitted using ‘post’ method, action specifies next page which is to be
loaded when button is clicked */
<form action="welcome1.php" method="post">
// textbox is to take user input Name: <input type="text" name="fname" /> Age:
<input type="text" name="age" />
// Submit button is to submit the value to next page
</form>
</body>
</html>
welcome1.php
<html>
<body>
// $_GET to receive the data sent from form1.html
Welcome <?php echo $_POST["fname"]; ?>.<br /> You are <?php echo
$_POST["age"]; ?> years old!
</body>
</html>
Another Example for PHP form Form.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Process the HTML form data with the POST method</title>
</head>
<body>
/* form submitted using ‘post’ method, action specifies next page which is to be
loaded when button is clicked */
<form name="myform" action="process.php" method="POST">
39
// create an hidden textbox

<input type="hidden" name="check_submit" value="1" />
// textbox is to take user input

Name: <input type="text" name="Name" /><br /> Password: <input type="password"
name="Password"
maxlength="10" /><br />
// Use ‘select’ tag to display the various options Select something from the list:
<select name="Seasons">
<option value="Spring" selected="selected">Spring</option>
<option value="Summer">Summer</option>
<option value="Autumn">Autumn</option>
<option value="Winter">Winter</option>
</select><br /><br />
Choose one:
//This will create radio buttons
<input type="radio" name="Country" value="USA" /> USA
<input type="radio" name="Country" value="Canada" /> Canada
<input type="radio" name="Country" value="Other" /> Other
<br />
Choose the colors:

//This will create checkbox
<input type="checkbox" name="Colors[]" value="green" checked="checked" />
Green
<input type="checkbox" name="Colors[]" value="yellow"
/> Yellow
<input type="checkbox" name="Colors[]" value="red" /> Red
<input type="checkbox" name="Colors[]" value="gray" /> Gray

<br />
// Submit button is to submit the value to next page

</form>
</body>
</html>
Process.php
<html>
<body>
<?php
if (array_key_exists('check_submit', $_POST)) {
/*Converts the new line characters (\n) in the text area into HTML line breaks (the
<br /> tag) */
$_POST['Comments'] = nl2br($_POST['Comments']);
40
//Check whether a $_GET['Languages'] is set if ( isset($_POST['Colors']) ) {

$_POST['Colors'] = implode(', ', $_POST['Colors']);
//Converts an array into a single string
}
//Let's now print out the received values in the browser echo "Your name:
{$_POST['Name']}<br />";
echo "Your password: {$_POST['Password']}<br />"; echo "Your favourite season:
{$_POST['Seasons']}
<br/><br />";
echo "You are from: {$_POST['Country']}<br />"; echo "Colors you chose:
{$_POST['Colors']}<br />";
}
else
{
echo "You can't see this page without submitting the form.";
}
?>
</body>
</html>

41
Date() and time() function in PHP
 The PHP date() function formats a timestamp to a more readable date and time
 A timestamp is a sequence of characters, denoting the date and/or time at which a
certain event occurred
Some characters that are commonly used for date and time:
o d - Represents the day of the month (01 to 31)
o m - Represents a month (01 to 12)
o Y - Represents a year (in four digits)
o l (lowercase 'L') - Represents the day of the week
o h - 12-hour format of an hour with leading zeros (01 to 12)
o i - Minutes with leading zeros (00 to 59)
o s - Seconds with leading zeros (00 to 59)
o a - Lowercase Ante meridiem and Post meridiem (am or pm)
Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
// display the date in the format YYYY/MM/DD echo "Today is " . date("Y/m/d") .
"<br>";
// ‘l’ is used to display the day echo "Today is " . date("l"). "<br>";
// display the time in the format HH:MM:SS echo "The time is " . date("h:i:sa");
?>
</body>
</html>
Today is 2014/08/19
Today is Tuesday
The time is 09:13:22am
42
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 25
How to connect to MYSQL database using PHP
1. To connect MYSQL using PHP go to:

http://localhost//phpmyadmin
2. Enter the username and password
3. Give the database name in the field ‘create new database’
To insert values in the field, go to insert and enter the values. Then click on Go
To view the created table, go to browse
To insert the values, go to SQL and write the query to insert the values and click on Go
43
SQL query for insert:
Syntax:
Insert into table_name values(‘value1’,’value2’,…);
Example:
Insert into Login values(‘Radha’,’hello’);
To update the values, go to SQL and write the query to update the values and click on Go
SQL query for update:
Syntax:
Update table_name set field_name=’value’ where field_name=’value’;
Example:
Update Login set password=’abcde’ where name=’Radha’;
To delete the values, go to SQL and write the query to delete the values and click on go
44
45
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 26
The functions used to connect web form to the MYSQL database:
1. mysql_connect():
This function opens a link to a MySQL server on the specified host (in this case it's
localhost) along with a username (root) and password (q1w2e3r4/). The result of the
connection is stored in the variable $db.
2. mysql_select_db():
This tells PHP that any queries we make are against the mydb database.
3. mysql_query():
Using the database connection identifier, it sends a line of SQL to the MySQL server
to be processed. The results that are returned are stored in the variable $result.
4. mysql_result():
This is used to display the values of fields from our query. Using $result, we go to the
first row, which is numbered 0, and display the value of the specified fields.
5. mysql_result($result,0,"position")):
This should be treated as a string and printed.
46
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 27
Display the data from MYSQL database in web form
<html>
<body>
<?php
// Open MYSQL server connection
$db = mysql_connect("localhost", "root","q1w2e3r4/");
// Select the database using MYSQL server connection
mysql_select_db("mydb",$db);
/* Using the database connection identifier, it sends a line of SQL to the MySQL
server to be processed and the results are stored in the variable
$result. */
$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM employees",$db);
// Displaying the details in a table echo "<table border=1>";
echo "<tr><th>Name</th><th>Position</th></tr>"; while ($myrow =
mysql_fetch_row($result)) {
printf("<tr><td>%s %s</td><td>%s</td></tr>",
$myrow[1], $myrow[2],$myrow[4]);
}
echo "</table>";
?>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT of the above given Example would be:

47
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 28
Insert the data into MYSQL database using web form
<html>
<body>
<?php
if ($submit) {
/* Write insert query and assign the query in $sql Variable */
$sql = "INSERT INTO employees (first,last,address,position)
VALUES('$first','$last','$address','$position')";
// Execute the query
$result = mysql_query($sql);
echo "Thank you! Information entered.";
}
else
{
// display form
?>
<form method="post" action="<?php echo $PHP_SELF?>">
First name:<input type="Text" name="first"><br> Last name:<input type="Text"
name="last"><br> Address:<input type="Text" name="address"><br>
Position:<input type="Text" name="position"><br>
<input type="Submit" name="submit" value="Enter information">
</form>
<?php
} // end if
?>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT of the above given Example would be:

48
49
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 29
Update the data present in MYSQL database using web form
<html>
<body>
<?php
if ($id) {
if ($submit) {
// Write UPDATE query and assign to $sql Variable
$sql = "UPDATE employees SET
first='$first', last='$last', address='$address',
position='$position' WHERE id=$id";
echo "Thank you! Information updated.";
}
else
{
// Write query to SELECT data from table

$sql = "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE id=$id";
// Fetch the values
$myrow = mysql_fetch_array($result);
?>
<input type=hidden name="id" value="<?php echo
$myrow["id"] ?>">
First name:<input type="Text" name="first" value="<?php echo $myrow["first"]
?>"><br>
Last name:<input type="Text" name="last" value="<?php echo $myrow["last"]
?>"><br>
Address:<input type="Text" name="address" value="<?php echo
$myrow["address"]?>"><br>
Position:<input type="Text" name="position" value="<?php echo
$myrow["position"]?>"><br>
<input type="Submit" name="submit" value="Enter information">
</form>
<?php
}
}
else
{
50
// display list of employees

$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM
employees",$db);
while ($myrow = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {
printf("<a href=\"%s?id=%s\">%s %s</a><br>",
$PHP_SELF, $myrow["id"],$myrow["first"],
$myrow["last"]);
}
}
?>
</body>
</html>
51
Date :- ___/___/_____
Topic 30
Delete the data from MYSQL database using web form
<html>
<body>
<?php
if ($id) {
if ($submit) {
// Write DELETE query to delete data from table based on ID
$sql = "DELETE FROM employees WHERE id=$id";
echo "Thank you! Information deleted.";
}
else
{
// Write SELECT query to select data from table based on ID
$sql = "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE id=$id";
$myrow = mysql_fetch_array($result);
?>
<input type=hidden name="id" value="<?php echo $myrow["id"] ?>">
First name:<input type="Text" name="first" readonly="readonly"
value="<?php echo $myrow["first"] ?>"><br> Last name:<input type="Text"
name="last"
readonly="readonly"
value="<?php echo $myrow["last"] ?>"><br> Address:<input type="Text"
name="address"
readonly="readonly"
value="<?php echo $myrow["address"]?>"><br> Position:<input type="Text"
name="position"
value="<?php echo $myrow["position"]?>"><br>
<input type="Submit" name="submit" value="Delete information">
</form>
<?php
}
}
else
{
// display list of employees
$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM employees",$db);
52
while ($myrow = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {

printf("<a href=\"%s?id=%s\">%s %s</a><br>",
$PHP_SELF, $myrow["id"],$myrow["first"],
$myrow["last"]);
}
}
?>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT of the above given Example would be :

Akul PHP Practical File (Edited Version) - Page - Number

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Chandigarh College of Technology

SUBJECT:- PROGRAMMING IN PHP LABORATORY

Chandigarh College of Technology

Submitted By :- Akul Sharma Submitted To :- Mr Raj Kumar

1. What is PHP? Basic Syntax 4

4. PHP is a Loosely Typed Language 7

5. PHP Variables Example 8

6. Global and locally-scoped variables 9

7. Static Keyword in PHP 10

ECHO and PRINT statements in 11

9. String Functions in PHP 12

10. Constant in PHP 13

11. PHP Operators 14 - 18

12. The if Statement in PHP 19

13. The if…else Statement in PHP 20

The if…elseif…else Statement in 21

15. Switch Statement in PHP 22

16. For loop in PHP 23 – 24

17. While Loop in PHP 25

18. Do While loop in PHP 26 – 27

19. Swap Numbers PHP Example 28

20. PHP Functions 29

21. Statements in PHP 30 – 31

22. PHP Global Variables 32 – 33

23. Array in PHP 34 – 36

24. PHP Forms 37 - 41

How to connect to MYSQL database 42 - 44

The functions used to connect web 45

Display the data from MYSQL 46

Insert the data into MYSQL database 47 - 48

Update the data present in MYSQL 49 – 50

Delete the data from MYSQL 51 - 52

 PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

Basic PHP Syntax

 A PHP script starts with <?php and ends with ?>

Hello World example

Go to htdocs folder which is present in the apache2triad installed folder. There

To execute hello world program, type in the address bar as

Finding errors present in the program

To find the errors present in the program go to:

Start  All programs  Apache2triad  Apache2TriadCP

 // Single line comment (C++ and Java-style comment)

PHP is a Loosely Typed Language

▪ In PHP, a variable does not need to be declared before adding a value to it

PHP Variables Example

OUTPUT of the above given Example is as follows:

String is : Hello Float value : 5.7

Global and locally-scoped variables

 Global variables can be used anywhere

Example for Global and locally-scoped variables

// Function definition function myFunction() {

myFunction();// Function call

echo "Variable x is: $x"; echo "<br>";

OUTPUT of the above given Example is as follows: Variable x is:

Static Keyword in PHP

 Static keyword is used when you first declare the variable

Static Keyword Example

OUTPUT of the above given Example is as follows:

ECHO and PRINT statements in PHP