Special Pali II SP102 Ven.Phramaha Nopadol Pufifiasuvaddhako Lecturer in Pali Sanskrit Hindi Department of Pali and Sanskrit Faculty of Buddhism Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya UniversityChapter I Nama-Shabda Nama-shabda or Ndma-sadda in Pali is the sound or pronunciation that is normally uffered Tor calling all names of living-beings, everything and making sense to the words or speech in Pali. SoNama-shabda means Noun (Nama-ndma), Adjective (Guna- nama) and Pronoun (Sabba-nama). Actually Nama-shabda means the stem of Noun, Adjective and Pronoun. 1Noun or Nama-ndma in Pali divided into 2 classes : 1.1 Common Noun or Sadharana-ndima and _ 1.2 Proper Noun or As&dharana-nama 2.Adjective or Guna-nama in Pali divided into 3 levels : 2.1 Normal Adjective or Pakati-guna-nama— 2.2 Comparative degree or Visesa-guna-ndma 2.3 Superative degree or Ativisesa-guna-nama 3.Pronoun or Sabba-nama in Pali divided into 2 classes : 3.1 Personal Pronoun or Purisa-sabba-ndma i.e Ta = He/ She/It, Tumba = You, Amha = I/We 3.2 Adjective Pronoun or Visesana-sabba-nama, which is divided into 2 kinds; (1) Demonstrative Pronoun or Niyama (2) Indefinite-Relative-Interrogative Pronoun or Aniyama Nama-shabda (Noun, Adjective and Pronoun) is the original word having Lifga(gender) and K4ranta(ending with vowel) Therefore Nama-shabda means Noun, Adjective and Pronoun in Pali is divided into 3 genders: 1, PuHithga (Masculine gender/Male) All Nouns Pul-linga ending with 5 vowels: a, i, 7, u, 2. Itthf-litiga(Feminine gender/Female) All Nouns Itthi-ling ending with 5 vowels: 4, i, i, u, 1 3. Naputitsaka-litiga (Neuter gender) ~~ AllNouns Napurfisaka-lifiga ending with 3 vowels: a, i,Be Declension of Noun, Adjective, Pronoun Nama-sabda (Noun, Adjective and Pronoun) is the stem of Pali words needs to be declined by Vibhatti (noun cases or noun declension) before using in the sentences for Vibbatti always shows the preposition, function and number of Nama-sabda. Nama-sabda without Vibhatti can not make sense to the complete sentence. Vibhatti ( The Cases for declension of noun adjective and pronoun ) Vibhatti is noun cases for declining all nouns and pronouns. There are 8 cases(Vibhattis) divided into Eka-Vacana(Singular) and Bahu-Vacana(Plural) as belows: Vibhatti (Noun Cases) Vibhatti (Case) Usages Ayatanipata (Preposition and Function) Pathama Vibhatti_| shows the subject of the (1 Case) sentence. Nominative or Subjective Case Dutiya Vibhatti | shows the object of the tO. i. (2 Case) _| sentence. Accusative or Objective Case Tatiya Vibhatti | shows the object or person through.....etc. (3 Case) with or by whom something Instrumental Case | is performed. Catutthi Vibhatti_ | Shows the object or person |to........ (4* Case) to or for whom something is Dative Case | given or done. Paficami Vibhatti | generally shows separation, | from....... (S" Case) _| expressed by from someome, Ablative Case__| something, some places. Chant Vibatti_| shows possession of of... (6° Case) someome, something, some |. + Genetive or | places. f : Possesive Caseal mayhoy [ “Sattanai Vibhatti shows place, location, (7" Case) —_| position, age, and time. Locative Case Alapana Vibhatti_| used in addressing persons. (8" Case) Vocative Case Vibhatti : noun cases for noun declension Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) | Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1. Pathama + si + yo (Nominative/Subjective) 2. Dutiya +h + yo (Accusative/Objective) 3. Tatiya + na + hi (instrumental) « 4. Catuttht + sa | + nath Dative) 3. Paficamt + sma + hi (Ablative) 6. Chatthi + sa + nah (Genetive/Possesive) Sattami + smih + su (Locative) Alapana + si + yo (Vocative) ‘Vibhatti(Cases) | Eka-vacana(Singular) | Babu-vacana(Plural) 1. Pathama . . a civaiubietve) subject subject 2. Dutiy 73 - Duty’ _(Accusative/Objective) 3. Tatiya (Castrumental) 4, Catutiar (ative) 3. Paficamt (Ablative) 6. Chath, (Genetive/Possesive) 7. Sattami Cocative) A Man yvorthrr hoole to frien... - r purise sabtysienr. imam Parriamy ober! ,th ——— sad ov [ide . marwssa.b+s1— 2 = Manusso Copp.) . mewn - Aor sodda pal! vsthoul perpen ittor 4 8. Alapana (Vocative) The Structure of Nama-shabda(Noun): Stem(Nama-shabda) + Vibhatti = Pali Word | Noun/Adjective/Pronoun ending with vowel + Vibhatti = Pali Word | A. Masculine Noun | Masculine Noun ending with a, i, i, u, 0 vowels 1. Pul-linga; Masculine Noun ending with a vowel + Vibhatti ae it ni Noun a (n. a ) + Vibhatti (noun cases) =....... sat 4) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) _| || 2 esta cfiyacl nmatsi =-0 natyo =a |} 2 Dutiya A ian (Accusative/Objective) |m-a+ih = -arh natyo =e I i 3. Tatiya |i na+na =-ena n.athi =-ehi,-ebhi tty 4. Catutthi | ative) na+sa = -assa, -Aya,-attharh |n.a+nath =~nach l | 7 5. Paficami \ (Ablative) n.a+ sma = -asma, -amha, -4 nathi =-ehi,-ebhi i| Ft = | es Ge I lisa Matsa =-assa _ |matnamh =-anath { 7. Sattar a r ‘CLocative) n. a + smith’ = -asmizh, -am! nat+yo =-esu | 8, Alapana a | ‘Cocative) natsi =-a natyo =Eee Protocol Declension form of Buddha + Vibhatti ( Buddha ) [—Vibhatti(Casos) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Phural) 1 Plank subjective) [Buddha + si = Buddho | Buddha +yo =Buddba | (hstuaesObjectv) Buddha+th — = Buddharh Buddha+yo = Buddhe | [A an BuddhM ni = Buddhena | Buddha + bi = Buddbebi, -ebbi i ne Buddha +sa=Buddhassa, | Buddha + narh = Buddbanarh | Buddhaya, Buddhattharh ro Buddha +sma =Buddhasm3, | Buddha + hi = Buddhehi, -ebbi | Buddhamba, Buddha Ee sive _[Buddha+sa =Buddhassa | Buddha + narh = Buddhinarh | i Gee Boddba smish~Buddbasmith, Buddha +n = Buddhess | Buddhamhi, Buddhe | [ae Buddha+si = Buddha Buddha+yo =Buddba | i: ie 2. Pul-liftga; Masculine Noun ending with i vowel + Vibhatsi /" Noun. (n.i)+ Vibhatti (noun cases) AAP I~ Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana( Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) *lanivubjecve) nitsi =i nityo =-ayo, i 2. Dutiya ’ 4 : (Accusative/Objectivey [D-itth — =-ith nityo =-ayo 3, Tatiya a 3 . . . nit nd =-ind mi+hi = -ihi, -ibhi "mae nitsa — =-issa,-ino i+ nach ‘5. Paficamt (ane [oi+sua =-isma, ina [ni+ni = hi, “Tobi © Gactpeiagy [Rite = iee lo” nav ek Zone, | aon ni+smith =-ismith,-imbi [ni+su =-fou | 8. Alapana es (Wocative) nitsi nityo =-ayo, 7 - Were Jblawiny cetch dychine. ceaoneig to A kore fad Loge Heaviiga = Teacher, vanara « Monleey, Suriga «sun, Akitas Sky Camg- sete )hemepie oW) Aggi 24 apt = Hove oe 2. (2) Ahi = x00 (See; Protocol Declension form of Samédhi + Vibhatti (Cocentration) Kkrower~ 397 — ‘Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) ___ Babu-vacana(Plural) ow meer see) Sana nit+yo = Samidhayo, lominative/Subjective . Samadhi 2. Dutiya ~ - r Sean (AccuativelDbjective) {2 + ath = Samadhi nnit+yo = Samadhayo, Samadhi oe ) n.i+ W% = Samadhind nmithi = Samadhihi, Samfdhibhi en, nitsa = Samédhissa, | n.i+nath = SamAdhinarh Samiidhino Gauges) ni+sma = Samédhisma, |ni+hi =Samadhihi, Samidhimha Samadhibhi 6. Chabohi ; Sead = =an Geeieeptesive) [Bits# = Samfdhisss, — |n.i+narh = Samédhinarh Samidhino Tdi) n.i+smith = Samadhismirh, [n.i+su = Samadhisu Samidhimhi Noaie) nitsi = Samadhi aityo =Samidhayo, Samidhi Agqgi- five, phi.snde, pati - tuashenel Master. cB) depi = Leopard copier Ish = hermit, Saya per ~ tpapat » rcber3. Pul-linga(Masculine) Noun ending with 7 vowel + Vibhatti Noun. (n.1) + Vibhatti (noun cases) =.. 2 Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) P Gakarescto) nitsi nityo =-ino, i ya re 5 (AccusativelObjectivey [R.T+th =-irh nit+yo =-ino, i eae ni+n§ =-ing n.i+hi =-thi, bhi 4. CatutthT Pa . ee se Ontve) pitsa =-issa,-ino jn. +narh = ] fay ik vot - bamboo (2%. Guy: Terchar9 5. Pul-liriga(Masculine) Noun ending with vowel Noun (n. &) + Vibhatti (noun cases) [_- Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1. Pafhama a+si a a i (Nominaive/Subjective [@U+si = nityo =-uno, -f 2 Dutiya = ‘ ivelObjectivey | 2-O+ th = =-urh ni+yo =-uno, -i 3 Tatiya o z ni+nd =-una ni+hi . “bhi 4%, Carutthr Fi ative) mii+sa — =-ussa, -uno nitnarh =-dnarh 3. Paficamt Pram che i (Ablative) mO+sma =-usma,-umhi [ni+hi = -Dhi, -ibhi ae ive) [ts O+sa — =-ussa, -uno ni+nah =-dnarh 7 Sattar ‘Cocative) n.U+ smith =-usmirh,-umhi [ndi+su =-isu ea nitsi =-y aUtyo =-uno, -f Protocol Declension form of Sayambhii+ Vibhatti V! TAU = wiSe-mar (One who attains knowledge by himself) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1. Pathamat mi+si =Sayambhi ni +yo = Sayambhuno, Remind cokjectya Sayambho aomtaoaen ae i ~ Seyanbiuh 12. 1+yo = Sayambhuno, \ Sayambha ape +nd = Seyambhuna ni+hi =Sayambhohi, ‘Sayambhibhi “poe n.i+sa = Sayambhussa, n.O+narh = Sayambhuno Sayambhinarh 5. PaiicamY eS ss. (Abia) .0-+omd = Seyambhusmd, mba |n.0+i~ Sayambhihi, Sayambhobhi 6: Chali +sa_ = Sayambh 0. |n. 0 + narh=Sayambhiinarh (GenetiverPossesive) | 0+ 8 pemppuse a : yarn! " Tesatsh a. ftsmish = Sayambbusmirh,-umbi |n. isu = Sayambhisu ee nutsi = Sayambhu 2.U +969 Seyambbuno,-i Abhihax -queskfal pauson , ph > PROT = The erlighbened OnMahachilalongkornrajavidyalaye University Faculty of Buddhism, First Semester Academic Year 2010 Buddhist Studies English Programme Subject: Special Pali IT (SP102) Lecturer: Ven.Phramaha Nopadol Punnasuvaddhako ( Pali, Sanskrit and Hindi ) Name. --.Student Code no.. Give the meaning of these words. 5. Noun Case or Vibhatti 1, Pali Nama-Sadda(Word Stems) 6. Karanta or The Vowel-ending of Noun 3. Guna-ndma(Adjective) 7. Vacana (Numberals) 4, Sabba-nama( Pronoun) 8. Noun DeclensionA. Translate into English. Darak4 sakundnarh aharath denti,B. Translate into Pali 1. Buddha is the refuge of the world.Chapter IL Declension of Noun; Feminine and Neuter B. Feminine Noun Feminine Noun ending with 4, i, i, u, 0 vowels = 1, Itthi-linga(Feminine) Noun ending with 4 vowel + Vibhatti ‘Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) \ NominatveSubjectve [2 A+Si = na+yo =Ayo,a 2 Dutiya a H i CaaiveObjecivey [24+ th ath nd+yo =ayo,a Seah nd+nd =dya na+hi >| nd+sa = aya na +nath laa n.d + smi =aya na +hi gn ees nd+sa = aya n.a+nath a n.a+smith =Aya, ayarh = [n+ su ee) natsi =e nadtyo =Ayo,4 Protocol Declension form of Darika + Vibhatti (Girl) _~- ‘Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana( Singular) ‘Bafu-vacana(Plural) pete jecive) | 4 +si. = Darika n.4+yo =Darikayo, Darika a TsiveObjecivy |[RA+th =Dariketh | n.4+yo =Darikayo, Darika 5 ees na+nd =Darikaya nd+hi =Darikahi, | Darikabhi * Det) na+sa = Darikaya — |n.a+narh=Darikanarh 5. Paficami atea. . “1 (ablative) na+sma =Darikaya |n.+hi =Darikahi, Darikabhi * eeoneiney [Matsa = Darikaya — [n.4+narh=Darikinah |” 7. Sattamt ” sa Cocative n.d+smith = Darikaya, [n.a+su =Darikam Te fellGning ae Aa Te ay wile hic, MUA? a ivan Ahi, f= loop . Pavavier- wisdom « moa, Mava- arip, a Late > teepey iia, View wad) nds noseDarikayarh i) a natsi =Darike 2. +yo = Darikayo, = Darika 2. Itthi-lirtga(Feminine) Noun ending with i vowel + Vibhatti Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana( Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plura)) T (Meatvrnfie) nitsi i nmi+yo =iyo,7 * Teaaivacipeari eth: ith nityo ~iyoT 3. Tatiya ia) nitni =iya nithi =thi, ibbj cua nitsa = iya n.i+nath: =inath Dean nit sma =iya nithi | =thi, hi Gee nitsa = iya mi+narh =inarh Siesta ni+smith = iyd, iyarh nityo =isu |Seaes nitsi =i nityo =iyo,t mud Bek, Protocol Declension form of Khanti + Vibhatti (Patient/Tolerance) ‘Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) ae subjective) {Rit si = Khanti n.ityo =Khantiyo, os Khantl Data : : (Accusative/Objective) |0-i+th =Khantirh nityo =Khantiyo, 3 Taya 5 : » nitnd =Khantiy’ |ni+hi =Khanthi, Khantibhi | 4. Catucthi ‘i " | (ative) nitsa = Khantiya ni+nath =Khantinah | 5 Patcam : (Ablative) nitsmd =Khantiya [nithi —Khantthi, | Khantibhi Settee nitsa.=Khantiya - |p.i+nath =Khantinarh eee) n-i+ smith =Khantiya, |nj+su =Khantisu 1 Tra polovng wre chtlaad wasting Jo Jehan. Claw.15 Khantiyarh & Alapana | ee = : (Vocative) joe +si = Khanti nit+yo =Khantiyo, | Khantl 3. Itthi-liiga(Feminine) Noun ending with i vowel + Vibhatti Vibhatti(Cases) Eka -vacana(Singula) Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1, Pathama +si . i (Nominative/Subjective) ni nityo =iyo,7 2, Dutya ?. Z (Accusative/Objectivey |D-T+th = irh, n.ityo =iyo,i 43. Tatiya Hg greece (lastrumental) nitnd =iya ni+hi =%hi, ibhi 4, Catutthi x _ ative) nitsa = iyd n.i+marh =inarh 5, Paficami * ‘d. . . . (ablative) n.i+sma = iyd ni+hi = thi, Thi Seon ivy [Bits = iya ni+nath =fnarh 7 Sattamt ae oe (Locative) n.i+ smith = iyd, iyarh nitsu =isu Tee nitsi =i nityo =iyo,t EF Gols an Protocol Declension form of Kumari + Vibhatti (Girl) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) ‘Babu-vacana(Plural) 1 RemimaiveSubjecivey [T+ Si = Kumast nityo = Kumariyo, Kumari ZDaiya a ~ . (AceusatveObjecive [M-+th = Kumarith, |mityo = Kumariyo, iyath Kumari 3 Tatiya . i iya miei: = yampavthd Kumaribhi es nitsa = Kumiriya ni+nath = Kumarinath ae nmitsma =Kumariya |nithi = Kumarihi, Kumaribhi evans) (MT+8a = Kumariya |mT+narh = Kumarinarh ew nii+smith =Kumariya, |ni+su = Kumari Te fotbouy mas, are clee/ineol aimilandy CI tnotinp ). Mane: Favs Cow. Toran Taruni ‘Devi-Ceen naolT Saleunt itlKumariyarh | 8: Alapana (Vocative) ni+si = Kumari n.ityo = Kumariyo, Kumari __4. Itthi-litga(Feminine) Noun ending with _u_vowel + Vibhatti ‘Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) ‘Bahu-vacana(Plural) ' Nociaieesijestee) nmutsi =u nutyo =uyo, i a seat coae) muti =urh mutyo =uyo, i * Gantemena) nutnd =uyd nuthi =thi, Obhi Dau) mu+sa = uyd nutnath =tnarh co nu+sma =uya muthi =hi, abhi ‘ (Gua nutsa = uya n.u+narh =tnarh * ama) nu+smith =uya, uyath |nutsu =isu * Geen) nmutsi =u nutyo =iyo,a A Snoling “pe Protocol Declension form of Vijju + Vibhatti (Thunderbotty Le br) rag D Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacans 1, Pathama hee Gao ea CraaivelSubjectve) [BUSI = Viiju nutyo = Vijjuyo, Viija 2. Dutiy + my ree GhecwsaiveObjecive) [2-U+th =Vijuzh |nutyo =Viljuyo, Vig eal nutnd =Vijuya |muthi = Vijjahi, Viijabhi — nu+sa = Vijuyé |mu+nath = Viijinath Sola) nu+sma =Vijjuya — |n.u+hi=Vijjahi, Vijjabbi GensivePoseivy [2Utsa = Vifuyd |. u-+nerh = Vijnarh eo n.u-tsmirh = Vijjuya, |n.utsu:_ = vigusi - Viijuyarh splyynryg nO 8" be declmedlan Viggen ¢ Lightoing, Thanaerbol? pei gus Bice Gruul » Mtns rope. Naan : * hole» Phitu- Chenu 5055.4 ethers LawSa nutsi = Vijju n.utyo = Viijtyo, Viija 5. Itthi-lifiga(Feminine) Noun ending with i vowel + Vibhatti ‘Vibhati(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Phural) F pease subjective) |MO+Si = G niityo =uyo, a 2. Dutiya: a . “* (Accusative/Objectivey [2 +th = urh niityo =uyo,d Feil nitni =uya ni+hi ahi, abhi = nitsa = uya n.i+nath =tnarh mae nOtsmd =uya mithi ahi, obhi ean ssesive) [ROtsa = uyd n.O+narh =tnarh 7 Sata ae 7 Tea) ni+smith = uy, uyath — |nai+su = csu ea nitsi =u nityo =ayo,a sn cling—=- 5 Protocol Declension form of Bhi + Vibhatti (Earth/Ground) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) E - boreraae pectin [BS +8i_ = Bhi n.0+yo=Bhuyo, Bho a eaeeaiveObjectvey [-G+th = Bhurh 2. +yo=Bhuyo, Bhi | 3 Tata ni+nd =Bhuyd n.G+hi = Bobi, Bhobhi Poel nitsa = Bhuya n.Utnarh =Bhiinarh ata) n+ sma = Bhuya n.+hi = Bhi, Bhibhi 6 Chath a «en ae (eatePousesive) [2-082 = Bhuyd ni = Bhiinarh re n. G+ smirh= Bhuyd, Bhuyarh |n.i+su = Bhiisu © Alapana a _ Presee nitsi = Bhu n.G+yo =Bhiyo, Bho The tollaasing--nours can be declimeaa viiger ¢ Lightning, Thundevbely) “yAgH, Rice Guel, Kaan hele ' : hos Dhihy ‘element.C. Neuter Noun Neuter Noun ending with a, i, u vowels a (Neuter) Noun ending with a vowel + Vibhasti 1, Napurhsaka-lingi Vibhatti(Cases) “Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plura)~] * NomintiveSubjessve [2+ si =ath natyo =4ni 2. Dut _ (Accusative/Objective) natm =arh matyo =4ni > (seamen natnd =ena nmathi =ehi, ely ‘ Dative na+sa = assa, ya, attharh |n.a+narh =4dnarh 5. Paficamt = = : (ablative) n.a+sma =asma, amha, 4 nathi =ehi,ebh! . eels matsa =assa matnath =4narh 7. Sattami > : 7 t (ocative) na+smith =asith,amhi,e |na+su =esu 8. Al (Vocative) natsi = dni atyo =n Protocol Declension form of Ratana + Vibhatti (Gem/Jewelry) Vibhatti(Cases) ‘Eka-vacana(Singular) ‘Bahn-vacana(Phural) * CominaivetSubjective) [2-2 +8i_ ~Ratanarh nat+yo =Ratandni 2. Dutiya (Accusative/Objective) nat+m =Ratanarh natyo =Ratanani 4, GenuieaeD n.a+na =Ratanena n.at+hi = Ratanehi, Ratanebbi 4, CatutthT E = Dative) n.at+sa = Ratanassa, na+nath =Ratandnarh Ratandya, Ratanattharh 5 Eablet) n.a+sma = Ratanasm4, na+hi =Ratanehi, Ratanamhd, Ratan Ratanebhi ee aeccminy bets ~ Seam. natnarh =Ratandnafh * ovate) natsmifi =Ratanasif, |nat+su =Ratanesu Ratinambi, Ratane - [ (entire) na+si =Ratanarh nat+yo = Ratanani —; i = body. Argyga I, olath. Maan? Duyynew , chatta- wm ha = L, tala- pH kaths oN tana porrh Mar}, kone schon, bhatte ~ snaby 2. Napurhsaka-liiga (Neuter) Noun ending with i vowel ‘Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) ‘Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1, Pathama = Ss A : (Nominative/Subjective) nityo 2 Dutiya e ; 5 (Accusative/Objectivey |Ri+th — =irh nityo =ini,T 3, Tatiya : 2 7 - + (ostnmental) nitnd =ind nithi =ihi, hi 4. Catuttht 3 (Dative) nitsa n.i+narh =inarh 5. Paficami : = . : (Ablative) n. i+ sma nithi = ihi, ibhi © Chaftht : a Cantvemosseivey _[Mitsa = issa, ino ni+narh =inarh, 7 Stent vem Chembur ty # (Locative) n. i+ smirh = ismirh, imhi- | n.i+su 8. Ale 2 . (Vocative) nitsi nityo Protocol Declension form of Dadhi (Gurt/Yogurt) ‘Vibhatti(Cases) Eks-vacana(Singular) ‘Babu-vacana(PIural) 7 Shei welSubjective [Dit si = Dadhi nityo =Dadbini, Dadhi 2 a CramaivelObjectivey [Ritth =Dadbith [nityo =Dadhini, Dadi niet nitnd =Dadhing [mithi =Dadhihi, Dadhibhi oes mitsa =Dadhissa, | n.i+narh = Dadhinarh Dadhino aia) nitsma =Dadhisma, |nit+hi =Dadhihi, Dadhimba Dadhibhi © Garellponssive) [Mita =Dadhissa, | n.i+narh = Dadhinarh Dadhino | Akkhr= ege, vints wate, Aeci flame wm atths = bone, gappr ghee = :a on nitsmith =Dadhismirh, [mit+su =Dadtigy ~~) Dadhimhi © Alapana a sdb a is Weeative) nitsi | =D nittyo =Dadhini, Dadhi | ——] 3. Napurhsaka-liriga (Neuter) Noun ending with u_vowel + Vibhatti Vibhatti(Cases) Eke-vacana(Singular) ‘Bahu-vacana(Plural) — 1, Pathama a x eae WNominative/Subjective)|™"*Si =U mutyo ini, a 2 Dutiya - ae (Accusative/Objectivey |B utth = =urh nutyo =ani, i 3 Taya : (astument) mutnd . = una nuthi = dhi, abhi % Catunr = ative) nutsa =ussa,mo — |n.u+narh =dnarh 5. Paicami = ee : (Ablative) nutsmi =usmd,umbi [nu+hi =dbi, abhi ee Pome |= ara = sa, mo fave Fnac = tna} — 7 Sattamt (Locative) n.u+smirh =usmirh, umbi [n.u+su =dsu 8 Ala : ‘(Vocative) nutsi =u nmutyo =ani, id Protocol Declension form of Cakkhu + Vibhatti (Eye/Eye-ball) : Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) ‘Babu-vacana(Plural) : [ieeninatve/Sabfetive) nutsi =Cakkhu mutyo =Cakkhiini, Cakkhi i Jie aleestickine nutrh = =Cakkhurh = |nu+yo = Cakkhiini, Cakkhi | * omni mutnd =Cakkhund | n.u+hi=Cakkhithi, Cakkhabhi lone p.u+sa =Cakkhussa, | n.u+mnarh =Cakkhinarh Cakkinuno - tAblave) nut+sma =Cakkhusma, |nu+hi =Cakkhibi, Cakkhumba Cakkhitbhi 6 ioe e/Possesive) [2-U+Sa- =Cakkbussa, [n.u+narh = Cakkhfinarh Cakkhuno ——) Art pas = water, Assn - tenn, Ayn a9%, mad horey APU = kone, Vopr ~ booty * 121 7 Satta i (locate) n.u+ smith = Cakkhusmith, }n.u+su = Cakkhiisu Cakkbumhi 8. Alapana i (Woeatve) nutsi = Cakkhu au+yo = Cakkhiini, Cakkhiv compensate - soe, : cor penoahion, ACER, The following neuins cam be cleclinecl a, ain Mowry? sajjhu Silver Tua Maacilalongkorarajavidyalaya University acuity of Buddhism, First Semester ‘Academic Year 2011 Buddhist Studies English Programme Subject: Special Pall I ( SP102) Date:..... Times... im, «Yen Plamaha Nopadol Pumasuvaddiako, Pali and Sanskrit Deparin nt pall nee Dro. ese noun decl Lecture! ‘Name, Give complete words of th 10, Vijju+ yo 1, Darika +0 = . Ratana + yo = 7. Khanti + smith = 4wr wd A. Translate into English. 2 1. Theriyo dadhiriv ‘pivanti.(drinks) 2. Mata kumarinarh ratanani deti.(gives) 3. Purisd kajifi@marh ratanéni denti.(give) 4, Darikfiyo nabhe vijjuyo passanti.(see) 5, Buddhassa sdvaké khantihi jivanti.(live) 6. Upasikiyo bhikktinarh dadhirh denti.(give) 7. Vijjuyo rattiyarh nabhe pafifiayanti.(appear) 8. Upisikéyo kumérinarh pupphani denti.(give) 9. Mata khantiya darikanarh ovadarh deti.(gives) 10. Mataca kumarikayo ca bhuyarh titthanti.(stand) 11. Acariyanarh sissé cakkhithi pannani pathanti.(read) 12. Mayarh(We) cakkhihi sabbani vatthiini passama.(see) 13. Acariya mettdya ca khantiya ca sisse anusdsanti.(teach) 14. Buddhassa sdvak garavena dhammarh -desenti.(preach) 15. Acariyassa sissé khantiya dhammarh damayanti.(practize) B. Translate into Pali a All beings live on the Earth. Birds eat food from girls’ hands. Mother drinks yogurt with a girl. Monks see with eyes and read by patient. Ladies give jewelry and flower to girls. Girls see thunderbolts in the sky at night. Animals, trees, fruits, flowers live on the ground. Buddha’s disciples practize the dhamma by patient. Foreigner-students study by tolerance at the university. 10. Mother and girls chant Buddha-mantra in the Vihara. 11. Upasika-upasikas offer yogurt and flower to monks. 12. Teachers and students drink yogurt in cafeteria building. 13. Teachers instruct students by loving-kindness and patient. 14. Ladies and girls are paying respect to Bhikkhu-Bhikkhunis. 15. Samaneris, ladies and girls study Buddha-dhamma at University. vreekalouen CEI AYExe - r 9 Ro conaickey = nepaneny?? Chapter II 4 Katipaya-Sadda or Pakinnaka-Sadda Katipaya-shabda or Paki special nouns that is not They are not to be followe: nouns; in Masculine 5, Fe Chapter I and II. For there are called Katipaya or Paki norm innaka-sadda in Pali is a group of 12 ally declined by Vibhatti(Noun cases), -d the declension-rules of 13 vowels ending minine 5 and Neuter 3 as we have leamed in are few words in their group they therefore innaka-sadda; the few words having special form of declension. They are declined in 8 Cases(Vibhattis) singular and plural but most of the concider what are their differ ‘em have special forms of declension. See and ent forms by comparion to 13 Karantas in the 3 Linga we had leant in Chapter I and Chapter. esempanison Declension of Katiyapa-Shabda ( Special Nouns ) Katiyapa-Shabda or Pakinnaka-Shabda - 12 Tata Self ‘5arahanta The Noblehood or [9. matu — Mother Buddhist holy saint Zbrahma Brahma [6.bhavanta Venerable One 10. mana Mind Zraja King | 7.satthu ‘The Teacher 11. Kamma Action/ Deed 4. bhagavantU & pitw Father 12. go Ox/Bullock The Blessed one Katipaya-Sadda is the set of 12 special noun-stems. It may be also called Pakinnaka-Sadda. 1. Declension form of Atta (self, own self) ‘Vibhati(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(PIural) | 1, Pathama a Ph (WNominative/Subjective) Atta + si = Atta a4si 7 7, Dutiya : —— * (Accusative/Objectivey |Attat+ mh = Attanarh Ata ~ Geom 3. Tati — dasriment! Atta+nd © = Attand aay apenas | 7%, Caton (Dative) Atta+sa = Attano a+ $a - aw 2 tablave) Atta+sma = Attand qiser - aur eee |25 EE tect) Atta+ smith = Attani G4 Smid = are ea Attatsi = Atta ass = aH Example Mayash attand attan’ Palith ugganhama, = We lean Pali by our own sees. Papdit4 Attan’ attanazh damayanti. if Wises imines own sober by themes. ies gay getemil” mudien 2. Declension form of Brahma (Brahma ) Vibhatti(Cases) Eks-vacana(Singular) Babu-vacana(Plural) : (iesciniae tapes) |Brahma+si = Brahma Brahma + yo = Brahmano > (AccuusiveObjectv) |Brahma+ th = Brahménarh | Brahma +yo = Brahmano » anemia Brohma+na = Brahmuna |Brahma+bi = Brahmebi, Brahmebhi |* Gave) Brahma+sa = Brahmuno | Brahma+nash = Brahménarh 3. Paficami : : (Ablative) Brahma+sma = Brahmund |Brahma+hi ~=Brahmehi, Brahmebhi © Gemiverosseive) | [Brahma+sa = Brahmuno | Brahma +nath = Brahmanarh "at Brahma+smihh = Brahmani |Brahma+su -Brahmesu Wea) Brahma+si = Brahme |Brahma+yo =Brahmano 3. Declension form of Raja (King ) ‘Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) ‘Bahu-vacana(Plural) * Giominnivesbjctvey|RAjatsi = Raja |Rajatyo = Rajing Z Da ; ey " cs (ActaatveObective) Raja+ rh = Rajanarh |Rajatyo = Rajano > Gareamenta) Raja+nd = Raffa [Raja+hi = Rajehi, Rajebhi, R&jdhi, RajabhioT 2% cami Herm = Rafifo | Raja-+nach~ Ratifarh, Rajinay| (Dative) Raja | be , + = OLE: oe, } 7 : ad a Rajat+hi = "Rajehi, Rajebhi, i tabltve) Raja + sma ue - v _ Rajihi, Rajibhi Chaftht ai = Rafi Raja + narh = Rafifiath, Raji * Genewverowsiv | Raja +sa Beale aitnarh e ree Raja+smith = Rajini Raja+su = Rajisu 3 ae Rijatsi = Raja Rajatyo =Rajano Maharaja = The Great King, The Emperor ‘Vibhatti(Cases) ‘Eka-vacana(Singular) ‘Bahu-vacana(Plural) ] * (NominniveSubjecive)| Mabitdja+si=Maharaja | Maharija+ yo = Mahfrajino e Taeeatve/Objectivey | Mahiiraja + rh = Mabaraja+ yo = Maharajano Mabarajanath | > Gaoramena Mabaraja+ na = Mabardja+hi = Mahirgjehi, | = Maharajena Maharajebhi 4. Ce iT : ative) Maharaja + sa = Maharaja + narh = Mabarajanarh Mahérajassa 5. Paficami = (Ablative) Maharaja + sma = Maharaja+hi = Mahirdjehi, Maharajasma, Maharajamha Maharajebhi 6. Chattht ra (GenetivePossesive) | Maharaja+sa = Mabardja + narh = Mabérajanarh — Maharajassa (Locative) Maharaja + smith = Maharaja+su = M aharajesu Mabarajasmirh, Mahdrdjamhi, Maharaje ©. Alapana es : (Wocative) Maharaja + si= Maharaja Mahirija+yo = Maharajano7 These Compound words are to be declined as Maharaja Anurfja Abhirija Uparaja Cakkavattirija | Devaraja Prince Great king Viceroy Emperor _| Lord of Gods Nigariija Migarija Stharaja Supannaraja | Suvaraja Lord of Nagas | Lord of Deers | Lord of Lions | Lord of Garudas_| Lord of Parrots 4, Declension form of Bhagavantu (The Blessed One ) Vibhatti(Cases) | Eka-vacana(Singular) ‘Bahu-vacana(Plural) athe = | (iccteaivtSobjectve) Bhagavantu + si= Bhagava | Bhagavantu + yo= Bhagavanta | Bhagavanto 2. Dutiya + Bhagavantu + rh = Bhagavantu + yo= Bhagavante (Accusative/Objective) Bhagavatarh Bhagavanto a Bhagavantu + nz = Bhagavantu + hi = Bhagavantehi, Bhagavata Bhagavantebhi 4, Catutthi (Dative) Bhagavantu + sa = Bhagavantu + narh = Bhagavatarh, Bhagavato Bhagavantanarh 5, Paficami (ablative) Bhagavantu+sma = Bhagavantu + hi= Bhagavantehi, Bhagavata Bhagavantebhi 6. Chat (ContiePosesive) | Bhagavantu + sa = Bhagavantu + narh = Bhagavatarh, Bhagavato Bhagavantanarh 7S iT Tocative) Bhagavantu + smith = Bhagavantu +su = Bhagavantesu Bhagavati 8. Alapana F: Vecative) Bhagavantu + si=Bhagava, | Bhagavantu+ yo = Bhagavanta Bhagava Bhagavanto ~ Panviavantn ave Devor chhana vor a ( sully wra\sor28 Exercise oe Homage fo the Bless20/ me 1. Namo bhagavato. eee agavati_pasado. Adovaton wv tle Fs aT pO hoti. self > beloved of cnssedy 4. Digdyuko hotu_mahéraja. fore (ius 4 : 3, Jana Brahménarh pijenti. 2 pll toca ng® : 6. Digayuka hotu mahdrajini. Jas {1a Seen) | '7. Pandita attanarh damayanti. [8. Bhagavantinarh_piljé-sakkéro. paimy henogen #9 thr levy A 9. Rafifio puta nadith_gacchanti. | 10. Svakkchato bhagavati dhammo. 11. Pandito attani satirh upatthapeti. 12. Raja_rajiniya uyydnarh gacchati. 13. Pandita attand attanarh codayanti. ae porind- 14. Bhagava attanarh unuggaharh karoti. 15. Jana attano attano geharh gacchanti. Castle (16, Mahabrahma brahmuno vimdne hoti. | Pavaclige- Live « | 17. Devamanussa bhagavantath pijenti. 18. Mahabrahma bhagavantarh vandati. _|~ 19. Maharaja rafifio rathena gacchati. [fe gemtleivy gonby lis au 20. Mahiraj4no bhagavantarh pijenti. Pay yes peek the blessed one 5. Declension form of Arahanta ( Buddhist Holy Saint ) ‘Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1, Pathama , | (Nominative/Subjectivey | Atahgnta + si = Arahanta+ yo = Arahanti a, Araharh Arahanto 2. Datiya 5 | (Accusative/Objective | Arahanta + rh = Arahanta+ yo = Arahante aH Arahantarh Arahanto a | Gnstrumental) Arahanta+na = Arahata | Arahanta + hi= Arahantehi, Arahantebhi 4. Catutthi Dative) Arahanta +sa =Arahato | Arahanta+narh = Arahatari, : Arahantanathh 5. Paficami (Ablative) Arahanta + sma=Arahata | Arahanta + hi = Arahantehi, Arahantebhi6.Chattht (Genetive/Possesive) Arahanta + sa = Arahato 29 Arahanta + narh = Arahatarh, Arahant&narh cad Arahanta+ smish = Arahanta+su = Arabantesu Arahati ‘one Arahanta + si = Arahanta+yo = Arahant& 4, Arahanto 6. Declension form of Bhavanta ( Venerable One ) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) \ NeminniveSubjecive) | Bhavanta+si= Bhavarh |Bhavanta+yo = Bhavanté Bhavanto rrecaatvelObjeaivey | Bhavanta + th = Bhavanta+yo = Bhavanta Bhavantarh Bhavanto * aad Bhavanta + na = Bhavat, |Bhavanta+hi = Bhot’, Bhavantehi, Bhavantebhi oa Bhavanta+sa=Bhavato, |Bhavanta +narh= Bhavatarh, Bhoto Bhavantanath 5. Paficami . (Ablative) Bhavanta + sma= Bhavatd, | Bhavanta+hi = Bhota, Bhavantehi, Bhavantebhi 7 —— eiPossesive) | Bhavanta+sa = Bhavato, | Bhavanta +narh = Bhavatarh, Bhoto Bhavanténarh Y aca) Bhavanta+ smirh = Bhavanta+su = Bhavantesu Bhavati Seen Bhavanta+si= Bhavath |Bhavanta+yo = Bhavanta Bhavantoi ‘The Teacher ) 7, Declension_ form of Satthu ( ‘Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1, Pathama | Satthu+si = Sattha Satthu+yo = Sattharo (Nominative/Subjective) . - 2, Dutiya ee Satthu + ch = Satthirarh | Satthu+ yo = Sattharo (Accusative/Objective) = a 3. Tatiya a Satthu + na = Satthara Satthu+hi = Sattharehi, ] a Satthérebhi 4 ol Satthu +sa = Satthu, Satthu + nar = Sattharanarh Satthuno, | + tana) Sethu roma Satthara |Sattha +hi = Sattharehi, Sattharebhi 6 Coa posesve) | Satthu + sa = Satthu, Satthu + narh = Satthardnarh Satthuno ete) Sattha+enith =Satthari |Satthu+su = Satthéresu | Sean Satthu-+si , = Sattha [Satthu+yo = Satthéro | vailu> suber, Solu'qudien@huntey do janie 8: Declension-form- of Pitu ( Father ) ‘Vibhatti(Cases) ‘Eka-vacana(Singular) ‘Bahu-vacana(Plural) a ararve/Subjetive) [Pita + si = Pitd Pitu+ yo = Pitaro 2. Dutiy o ss " (aoraatvelObiectvey | Pitu+ oh = Pitkrarh, Pitu+ yo = Pitaro_ te Pitu+ na =Pitard Pity+ hi = Pitarehi, Pitarebhi as : a Pitihi, Pitbhi ative) Pitu+ sa =Pitu, Pituno | Pitu+ narh= Pitardnarh, Pitiinarh 5, Paficami " as - Z (Ablative) Pitu + sma = Pitara Pitu+ bi = Pitarehi, Pitarebbi oan Pitihi, Pitibhi * (Genetive/Postesive) Pitu+sa =Pitu,Pituno | Pitu + narh= Pitardnarh, Pitiinarh 7, Sattami " ce (Locative) Pitu + smith = Pitari Pitu+ su = Pitaresu @. Alapana Pi ‘ ‘ =m [Woeaivy >| Pitu+ si_= Pita Pitu+ yo = Pitaro a phafu= edder brother, elder sister. Gyw,flao: jaa watt Random ume. ha > Sun im Law gave. jorrrrv pila -9. Declension form of Matu (Mother ) 31 [Vibhatti(Cases) Eke-vacana(Singular) ‘Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1 iniietes, Matu+si = Mata Matu+ yo = Mataro a {accustivarDijctve) Mah + i = Matararh | Matu+ yo = Miataro. een Matu+na = Matard Matu + hi = Matarahi, Matarabhi = Matihi, Matibhi — “ DDatve) Matu +sa = Matu, Matuy [Matu+ nach = Matardnarh, Matéinarh ‘5. Paficami mn om : (ablative) Matu + sma = Matar Matu + bi = Matarahi, Matarabhi Matihi, Matabhi 5 Chair Miu + S 7 = Mates, (Genetive/Possesive) sa=Maty, Matuyd | Matu + narh = Mataranarh, Nae 7. Sattamy 7 (Locativey Matu+ smich = Matar. |Matu+su = Méatarasu_ ‘8. Al (Voeatve) Matu+si = Mata" [Matu+yo = Mataro Qika Com daughhir aneBic AFLG declined Melee waka ~ 10. Declension form of Mana (Mind ) ‘Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) : pata ive/Subjective | Mana+si = Mano Mana+yo = Mang 2. Dutiya GAcctsativeObjectivey |Mana+th =Manarh |Mana+yo = Mane 3. Tatiya - 5 Gabsmossisl Mana+nd = =Manasi |Mana+hi = Manehi, Manebhi 4, CatutthT ative) Mana+sa =Manaso | Mana+narh= Manfnarh 5 Paicant = (ablative) Mana+ sma =Manasi |Mana+hi = Manehi, Manebhi 6. (Comieosesivey |Manatsa = Manasg [Mana nath= Mandnath 7. Satta . Locative) Mana + smirh = Manasi Mana+su = Manesu 8. Ali (Vecative) Mana+si = Mana |Mana+yo = Mang cela mink (WW) Ap tamo~ datynes In) sivar Weabl, cad) | ait fulness mn tedrg ae poles mm Vradeyo Wear wire .2 Mano-gana ( A group of 12 mana-stems ) 1, Mana 2. Aya 1. Ura 1.Ceta Mind Iron Chest i 1. Tapa 1. Tama 1. Teja 1. Paya Penance, hot Darkness. Power Milk 1. Vaca 1. Vaya 1. Sira Head Speech Age Mana Mana is pompouned with the proceding word a of Mana have to be changed into 0 as belows:- Mana—> Mano + word = Compund word Example Mano-raso, “Mano-maya, | Ayo-maya, Ceto-panidhana, Tapo-dhira, Tamo-pardyana, Yaso-dhara, Siro-ruho aa 11.Declension form of Kamma ( Action, Deed ) ‘Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) ] 1. Pathama ; | + Siomlnniversbjesive) Kamma+si_=Kammarh _|Kamma+yo = Kammini_ “CAccusative(Objective) |Kamma+rh =Kammath |Kamma+yo = Kamméni 3. Taya =a Gastrumental) Kamma+ni =Kammuni |Kamma+hi =Kammebi, | 4, Catutthi Kammebhi @utive) Kamma+sa =Kammuno | atthu+narh = Kamménarh 5 Pacem? saat (Ablative) Kamma + sma = Kammuna |Kamma+hi =Kammehi, Kammebhi ). Chagtht “ ivePossesive) |Kamma+sa = Kammuno |Kamma+narh= Kamminarh . Sattami (Locative) Kamma + smish =Kammani_ | Kamma + su = Kammesu 6. & - Alapana = (Vocative) Kamma+si =Kammarh Kamma+yo = Kammini12. Declension form of Go — Gava (Ox, Cow) Vibhatti(Cases)_ Eka-vacana(Singular) ‘Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1 ata e/Subjectvey |GO+si = Go Gava+yo = Gavo a _ EE Gava + th = Gayarh Gava+yo = Gavo Gavurh ete) Gava+na =Gavena | Gava+hi = Gavehi, Gavebhi, Gohi, Gobhi ee Gava+sa =Gavassa | Gava + narh = Gunnarh, Gavanarh Pana Gava+sma=Gavasma, |Gava+hi = Gavebi, Gavebhi, Gavamha, Gava_ Gohi, Gobhi * Conniveosseivey. |CAva+sa = Gavassa | Gava + nach = Gunnath, Gavanarh oe Gava + smith = Gavasmirh, |Gava+su = Gavesu Gavamhi, Gave a Gava+si= Gava Giva+yo = Givoa Vows Wy 4 worse Exercise . Satthu sasanarh. Matiinarh ovado. ‘Arahantesu_pasado. Sa tassa_dhité hoti. Mati-pitiinarh_nidhi. Acariyo attamano hoti. So ambakarh pit hoti. =la[a[e [4/8] > . Jana arahantarh pijenti. 9. Sa tumbakarh mata hoti. 10. So amhakarh bhéta hoti. LI. Patto pittimarh piyo hoti. 12. Anufifiato’si_mata-pitihi. 13. Mata-pittinarh upatthdnarh.—.y 14. So métuy& kammarh koroti. 15.Jané_gohi_kammath karonti, 16. Namo tassa bhagavato arahato. 17. Dhité_matiinarh ovadarh karoti. 18. Araharh sammasambuddho bhagava. 19. Mayath bhagavantarh manas4 namama. 20. Buddharh bhagavantath sirasé_namami. fom - adlmonition, qpoeh . 3ra4metion35 ChapterIV << \ Pronoun Declension A. Personal Noun (Purisa-Sabbaniima) | c 1, First Person (Utama Purisa): Amha = I, We » yy Ss Protocol Declension in one form of Amba used in the yarop form in 3 genders(Linkas) or there is one form of all genders; Masculine, Feminine and Neuter. Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1 Pathama aphath mayaih, 0 (Nominative/Subjective) e Tota math, mamath | ambhe, no (Accusative/Objective) am Tava (nstunenta) aay me ambehi, no 7 aru (Dative) mayhath , amhakarh, by ower. Ley mama, i y mamath, me eect, 0 5. Pahari (ablative) maya ‘ambehi 6 haiti mayhath , ambakarh, esses (Genetvepossesve) | ammharh, mame la, = 7. Sattami (Locative) mayi amhesu as 2. Second Person (Madhyama Pura): Tumha=You = yj*" 2 Protocol Declension in one form of Tumba used in the same form in 3 genders(Linkas) or there is one form of all genders; Masculine, Feminine and Neuter. Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) | Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1. Pathama tvath tumhe {(Nominative/Subjective) 2 Duta ‘tvarh, tuvath tumhe, vo (Accusative/Objective) de pul tT) unti st dina mi ma36 tuhehi, vo Tana (rstrumenta) — | tay, tavay4, te 4, Catutth tuyhath, tamhanh, (Oative) tava, te 5. Paficarnt taya, tavaya, te (Ablative) & chattht quyhamh, tumbarh, (Genetive/Possesive) | tava, te 7, Sattar (Locative) tavayi fumbesu 43, Third Person (rathama Pus) :Ta = He, She, It CT firs “The diferent foras of Ta Oe Sh, 1 declined in 3 Linkas (3 Genders; Masculine, Feminine and Neuter) 3,1 Ta=He in Masculine (Pul-lifga) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) | Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1. Pathama So Te (Nominative/Subjective) f 2. Duta Tash, Nata Te, Ne (Accusative/Objective) 3 Tata Tena Tehi (Instrumental) + Conair Tassa, Assa Tesath, Tesinath, me Nesari, Nesnarh Pahari aes Tasmi, asmi, tamba | Tehi ©. chat Tassa, Assa Tesarh, Tesinash, (eenettre oceans) Nesarh, Nestnatit 7 Satan maith (Locative) (tas Tesu a gibt. Pothame dutiya chetthit pessassieo. — Potleiece me my wine elt us we ours any . ur Ze eae et Nees ‘yercele— eects his himself bas her hens ne it ths sigs harsed ateclt— Thay her Ther v Tt . Theirs aashgnaee mF eeWe she it 37 32 Ta=She in Feminine (Itthi-liniga) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) | Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1. Pathama (Nominative) Sa Ta Z Daya Tath, Nasi (Accusative/Objective) sain * 3. Tatiya (Instrumental) Taya Tahi 4. CatutthT ‘Tassa, Assi TAsath, Tasanath (0ative) 5. Paficami™ Taya ‘Tahi (Ablative) 6 chatthr ‘Tassi, Assi Tasarh, Tasanach (Genetive/Possesive) 7. Sattamt ‘Taya, Tayarh Tasu (Locative) 33 Ta=It _ in Neuter (Napurhsaka-linga ) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1, Pathama (Nominative) Tam Tani 2 Dutiva ‘Tam Tani (Accusative/Objective) Sate Tena Tehi (Instrumental) Tcauttit Tassa, Assa Tesath, Tesiinazh, (oative) Nesash, Nesinarh Paar Tasmi,asma,tamba | Tehi (Ablative) © Chapt Tassa, Assa Tesarh, Tesinarh, (Genetive/Possesive) Nesarh, Nesfnath 7. Sattamt Tasmith Tesu (Locative) . Betinite pronoun - fica Smear This, these, thel, Pca andttrnte i ole See Some, any, all, someone, sored henag,, want, otheroo 38 B, Visesana-Sabbanima (Adjective Prononn) has 2 kinds ; Niyama and Aniyama 1, Niyama (Definite-Demonstrative Pronoun). There are 4 stems of Niyama: Ta (That) Eta (This/That) Ima (This) Amu (Those) 2. Aniyama (indefinite Pronoun). There are 13 stems of Aniyama: Ya Katara (Relative pronoun) Ajifia Afifiatara | Afifiatama | (interrogative | (anyone, anybody, (other) (other) other) pronoun) sme) (Which) — Para ‘Apara Ubhaya Eka aia aoe (other) | (other) |” (both) (one) interrogative pronoun) (Which) Ekacca Saba a (anyone, anybody) | (all, whole, (interrogative pronoun) everyone, (who, whom, what, where, everything) when, why, how) 1. Declension of Niyama Pronoun) These have different forms in 3 genders (Lingas) Definite/Demonstrative Ta (That) Eta (This/That) Ima (This) ‘Amu (Those)fut 1)Ta = That Declension forms in 3 lingas(genders) Ta = That in Masculine (Pul-liiga) 39) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) | Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1. Pathama So Te (Nominative/Subjective) 2 Dutiva (Accusative) Tar, Nara Te, Ne 3 Tatva (instrumental) | Tena Tehi 4. GatutthT _—r| Tassa, Assa Tesarh, Tesinazh, (pene) Nesarh, Nesanazi, 5: Pancand Tasma,asma,tamha | Tehi (ablative) 6. Chath Tassa, Assa Tesarh, Tesinarh, (Genetive/Possesive) Nesarh, Nesinazh 7, Satan Tasmith, Tesu (tocative) Ta = That in Feminine (Itthi-linga) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) | Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1. Pathama Sa Ta (Nominative/Subjective) 7 Duta Tarh, Nath Ta (Accusative/Objective) aati Taya Tahi {lostrumental) 4 Gatutthr ‘Tassi, Ass Tasam, Tasinaca (Pative) 5 Pafcanit Taya Tahi (ablative) 6. Choffht Tassa, Assi Tasarh, Tasinamh (Genetive/Possesive) 7 Satan? Taya, Tayach Tasu (Locative)40 Ta = That = in Neuter (Naputhsaka-liiga) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) | Bahu-vacana(Plurajy | Tio Ta Tal | (Nominative/Subjective) ' 2 Duta Tah Tani {accusative/Objective) 3 Tatia Gnstrumenta | Tena Tehi 4. Catuttht (Dative) Tassa, Assa Tesarh, Tesinarh, Nesath, Nesinath 5, Paficam(Ablatve) Tasmi,asma,tamha | Tehi 6. Chaffit Tassa, Assa Tesath, Tesinazh, (Genetive/Possesive) Nesarh, Nesanath 7, Sattami (Locative) Tasmith Tesu 1) Eta = This,That Declension forms in 3 lingas(genders) Eta = This,That in Masculine (Pul-litiga) Bahu-vacana(Plural) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) 1. Pathama Eso Ete (Nominative/Subjective) 2: Duties Etarh, Enarh Ete (Accusative/Objective) 3. Tata Etena Etehi (instrumental) ecnatht Etassa Etesath, Etesanarm (Dative) ash, 5. Paticamt Etetasma, Etamha | Etehi (Ablative) 6. Chattht Etassa Etesath, Etesinata (Genetive/Possesive) re Sata Etasmith Etesu (Locative)41 Eta = This,That in Feminine (Itthi-linga) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1. Pathama Esi Eta (Nominative/Subjective) 2. Dutiva Etarh, Enath Eta (accusative/Objective) 3 Tata Etiya Etahi (instrumental) Gata Etassi, Etissa, Etissiya | Etfsarh, Etisinarh (Dative) 5 Pafcamt Etfiya Etahi (ablative) 6. Chattht Etassa, Etiss, Etissaya | Etasarh, Etasinash (Genetive/Possesive) 7. Sattar Etassath, Etissarh Etasu (vocative) Eta = This,That in Neuter (Napurhsaka-lifiga) [~~ Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) | Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1 Pathama Etarh Etani (Nominative/Subjective) ZDativa Etarh, Enarh Etani (Accusative/Objective) 3 Tata Etena Etehi (Instrumental) er Etassa Etesarh, Etesinarh (ative) S Patan Etetasmi, Btamhi | Etehi ¢ (Ablative)_ 6. chaftit Etassa Etesath, Etesinash (Genetive/Possesive) 7 Sattar Etasmish Etesu .. (Locative)Declensi on forms in 3 genders (lingas) 2 = This 2 ne Ima = This in Masculine (Pul- I-linga) Bahu- Pi Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) vacana(Plural) Ime 1. Pathama Ayash {(Nominative/Subjective) Tbe Tmach tine (Accusative/Objective) a Tata Imini Imehi (instrumental) 7 catuttht ‘Imassa Imesazh, Imesanarin (oative) 5 Paeant Imasma,Imamhi | Imehi (Ablative) 6 chafthr Imassa Imesamh, Imesinarh (Genetive/Possesive) 7-Sattamt Imasmith Imesu (Locate) J Ima = This in Feminine (Itthi-liaga) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) erate Ayath Ima {Wominatve/Subjective) 2. Dutiya(Accusative) math Ima Sah Tnstrumental | Trniiya ca oaeeue Imissi, Imissiya, Assi | Imisah, Imasinath ‘5. Paficamt (ABlatve) Imiya imi Saticenve) | Imissi, Imissiya, Assi | Imnisazh, Imisinazh 7 satan (ocative) Imissarh, Assan Imasu43 Ima = This in Neuter (Napushsaka-lifga) [- Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1. Pathama Tdarh Imani (Nominative/Subjective) 7 Dutiva I (Accusative/Objective) eat Heaaat 3 Taha Imind Imehi (Instrumental) a canath in: i a a asa Imesazh, Imesinarh 5 Pahari Imasmi, Imamhi_ | Imehi (Ablative) 6. chaftht Imassa Imesazh, Imesinarh (Genetive/Possesive) 7 Satan Imasmich Imesu {Locative) 3) Amu = Those Declension forms in 3 genders (lingas) ‘Amu = Those in Masculine (Pul-liiga) Bahu-vacana(Plural) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) 1 Pathama Amu Ami (Nominative/Subjective) 2 Duta Amu Ami (Accusative/Objective) 3 Tata Amun Amihi (instrumental) er ‘Amussa, Amuno ‘Amisash, Amisinarh (Dative) 3 Pafcamt Amusma, Amumba | Amihi (Ablative) 6: Chaf ‘Amussa, Amuno Amiisash, Amisinath (Genetive/Possesive) in Tata ‘Amusmiz, Amumhi | Amisu (Locative)‘Amu = Those in Feminine (itthi-linga) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) Ami 3. Pafhama Amu 2 {Wominative/Subjective) | * Z but ‘Amur Ani (accusative/Objective) Tata ‘Amuy’ ‘Amihi (instrumental) 4, Catuttht ‘Amussa Amiisath, Amisanam (Dative) 5 Paficarnt Amuya Amihi (Ablative) 6. Chaff Amussi Amisath, Amiisanath (Genetive/Possesive) 7 Sattamt ‘Amussazh ‘Amiisu {Nocative) ‘Amu = Those in Neuter (Napuisaka-liiga) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) Bahu-vacana(Plural) 7. Pafhama ‘Aduh Ami (Nominative/Subjective) 2. Dutiva Adu Ami (Accusative/Objective) 3. Tata ‘Amuni ‘Amthi (Instrumental) 4 CanuthT ‘Amussa, Amuno ‘Amiisarh, Amfsanash (Dative) 5 Paha 5 7 Fie ‘Amusma, Amumha ‘Am@hi 6. Chaftht ‘Amussa, Amuno ‘Amisath, Amisinach (Genetive/Possesive) 7. Sattamt ~~ | Pea ‘Amusmish, Amumbhi ‘Amisu2. Declension of Aniyama (Indefinite Pronoun) There are 13 stems of Aniyama: 45 [etsva (Relative f: pronoun) Afifia Afifiatara | Afifiatama Katara(Which) (anyone, (other) (ther) (other) : anybody, anything) Katama Para Apara Ubhaya Eka (Which) (other) | (other) (both) (one) |” Ekacea | Sabba Kita hone, tot, (interrogative pronoun) (who, whom, what, where, when, why, anybody) | whole,everyone, how) everything) 1) Ya = anyone, anybody Declension forms in 3 lingas(genders) Ya = anyone, anybody,someone,somebody in Masculine (Pul-litiga) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka- Bahu-vacana vacana(Singular) (rturay 1. Pathama (Nominative/Subjective) | Yo Ye 2. Dutiya (Accusative/Objective) Yath Ye 3. Tatiya (Instrumental) Yena Yehi 4. Catutth (Dative) Yassa Yesarh, Yesinarh 5. Paficamt (ablative) Yasmi, Yamhi | Yehi 6. Chali (enetive/Possesive) Yassa ———_—=S«d esas, Yesdinah 7, Satan (Cocativa) Yasmish, Yamhi | Yesu46 anybody in Feminine (Itthi-linga) Ya = anyone, —iphawifCases) Eka-vacana Bahu-vacana : (Singular) (Plural) {L Pathama (Nominative/Subjective) Ya Ma T butiva (Accusative/Objective) ‘Yash Ya 3 Tatiya (instrumental) ‘Yaya Yahi “,Catuttht (Dative) Yassi YAsath, Yasanamh ‘5 Paficarni (Ablative) Yaya Yahi ‘6. ChaffhT (Genetive/Possesive) Yassa ‘Yasarh, Yasanarh 7. Sattami (Locative) ‘Yassarh Yasu Ya = anything, something in Neuter (Napurinsaka-lifiga) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana Bahu-vacana (Singular) (Plural) 1, Pathama (Nominative/Subjective) Yash Yani 2. Dutiya (Accusative/Objective) Yath Yani 3-Tatia (Instrumental) Yena Yehi 4 Gotuttis (Dative) Yassa ‘Yesarh, Yesanarh £ Feteant (Altay Yasma, Yamha | Yehi 6. Chaftht (Genetive/Possesive) Yassa Yesath, Yesanarh once ‘Yasmith, Yamhi | Yesu47 2) Kith = anyone, am body Declension forms in 3 genders (3 litagas) Kith = anyone, anybody in Masculine (Pul-litiga) Kith > Ka+ Vibhatti(Noun Cases) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana Bahu-vacana (Singular) (Plural) 1. Pathama (Nominative/ Subjective) Ko Ke 72. Dutiya (Accusative/Objective) Kath Ke 3. Tativa (Instrumental) Kena Kehi % Catuttht (Dative) Kassa Kesath, Kesinarh 5. Paficamil (Ablative) Kasm4, Kamha Kehi 6. Chaffh (Genetive/Possesive) Kassa Kesarh, Kesinarh 7: Sattar (Locative) Kasmith, Kamhi_ | Kesu Kith = anyone, anybody in Feminine (Itthi-limga) Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) | Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1. Pafhama (Nominative/Subjective) | Kai Ka Z Dutha (acausative/Objective) Kara Ka 73 Tati (nstramental Kaya Kai 4 Catuttht (Dative) Kassa Kasarh, Kasinarh 5 Paticari (Ablative) Kaya Kahi 6. Chaftht (Genetive/Possesive) Kassi Kasath, Kasanath 7. Sattamit (Locative) Kassazh Kasu% body In Neuter (Naputhsaka-lifiga) Kish = anyone, an cease | arcana) [ Sabana Parham (wominatve/Sublectve) Kid oT a — Ce Kich _: 3: Tativl (instrumental) Kena Kehi ae catutt (Dative) Kassa Kesath, Kesanath 5 Paieamt (Ablative) Kasma, Kamba Kehi Chaff (Genetive/Possesive) Kassa 7, Sattar (Locative) L Exercise : Translate into English. 1. Ahath sukhito homi. of op stonits00/ M9! Kesath, Kesinath Kasmish, Kamhi | Kesu aa 2. Idath me fiatinarh hotu. chonidy 3. Sada sotthl bhavantu vo. 4, Tvath arogo sukhito hohi. sichicen | diame 5. Hotu te jayamafigalah. | ystev, 6. So mayhaih bh&at hoti. Gerlonck. auaplnadsaner> 7. Si mama kaniftha-bhagini hoti. 8. Yo dhammath passati, So Serratia, pasest 9. Ko nama te me 10. Kish namo’si ? (nama + asi?) 11. Tvath kuhith vasasi ? 72. Ahath vise vasimi. 13. Ko eso hoti? ‘14, $0 mama pita hoti. 15.S4 mama mata hoti., alae’ = > pivitual teacher precoplor ,49 Chapter V Abyya-Shabda ( Indeclinables ) ing to a form class whose inflected, having only one form; not declined for ccase(Vibhatti) or Abyya is generated from a (not) + vi (orefix;various/different) changed v1 into —> vy ‘hen transformed vy into —>by + V1 oot-to attain, then transformed ‘VI root into —> 78. Therefore the complete form of atbytya = Abyys; is not declined for case or number. Abyys-Shabda or Indeclinable is covered in 3 items: 1. Upasagga (Prefix) Suagy' bio 2. Nipata (Affixation; Preposition/Conjunction/Interjection) OS = Crh 3. Paceaya (Suffix) We pessilale 1. Upasagga (Prefix) 4 hapa Upasagea or Prefix delivered ftom ups (prefix; before orn advance or infront roe pune 00 + sagea (noun; tobe put, settle, arranged, added, atached or fixed to) means the prefix ‘bat isto be put, settled, arranged, added, attached or fixed to the place before or in advance or in front of noun, adjective, pronoun or verb. There are 20 prefixes in Pali, ‘Upasagga or Prefix Meaning Example Ati ‘much, more, many, bigger, better, | Ati+sakkha = Atisaldcha ‘great, large, huge Great power ‘Adhi ‘much, more, many, great, large, | Adhi + pati = Adhipati | mF quglym Daccnes Depeteadt Adbi+raj8 = Rajadhiraja ‘The great king of kings, The Lord of kings“nied, destroyed spas after, Tow, less, little bit, follow, second undeveloped, lost ‘amu+ RAR = Amurija Crown Prince comes | Apa+yasa = Af Lost position ‘ven though, but, opposite Dutiyarh + pi= Dutiyampi Api or Pi ‘Even the third time [abet rnuch, more, many, sreah ATES ea ‘huge were ‘ava or O down, more bad, 50 Pity se ee ae Coming over, Coming across Descending from the higher spiritual sky to the earth. a Opposite mean, antonym ‘A+ gama(going) = Agama Coming , Attaining, Arrival, Reaching, Approaching. 7 up, outside, outelass, U+ vinaya— (b)binaya(rule) different, off, without = eee Out of the rules, Disorder Upa near, closed to, next, approach to, | Upa+ gantva = Upaganivl stable, confirmative, fixed, sure ‘Approached to, ‘Has gone,closed to Du ‘ad, difficulty, complicate, rare, | Du+ pata = Dupatta ‘wrong, wrecked, destroyed Encountering difficult, ‘Attaining to the suffering. | Ni into, down, put into, felt down | Ni+ pata = Nipata Affixation, insertion Ni having not, out, free from, without, | Ni+ (k)khamana = Nikkhamana abundant, renounced, cancelled Going forth, Renounce Pa “wound, in front of, in advance, | Pa+ (fi) ii = Pati before ‘Know or Having much experiences, Knowledge, Wisdomst Pati Specific, em back, opposite side, | Pafi+ gama = Patigama Reception answered. Replied, repeat-again | Pati+patti = Patipatti Practice Parad changed meaning, foreign, Patd+jaya = Pardjaya oversea, Defeat, Failure, Having lost | * far away, far the shore Pari around, surrounded, closed up | Pari + vara = Parivira Relative, Team work, staff, People who are around. vi special, clear, different, distinguist, | Vi+passan’ = Vipassan’ various, insight, enlightened, Insight seeing, bright Insight meditation. Sah together, one time, perfect, Sath + Buddha = Sambuddha completed, well done, along with The Perfective Enlightened One, Su good, well, beautiful, easy, nice | Su + Carita = Sucarita Good appearance, Well performance. Good doing, Well practice. 2 Nipata (Affixation; Preposition/Conjunction/Interjection etc.) Nipita or Affixation delivered from Ni + pata (affixation including with Preposition/Conjunction/Interjection) means the indeclinables that are the prepositions to be put, placed, fixed to the Pali sentence or Pali message for showing greetings, the time, place, interrogation, interjection, simile, metaphor, anal logy, conjunction, measure, condition etc. Aggha = His Majesty / Her Majesty ‘Yagghe = His Royal Highness / Her Royal Highness Bhante, Bhadante = Venerable Sir INipata : Affixations,Prepositions etc. Example and Meaning 1. Alfpana : Vocative Bhane = Call the servant men Je = Call the maiden women Bho =,Sir, Gentleman ~Ambho= Madam, Lady Re, Are, He = Hey 2. [2- Kalasattamr : Time ‘Hiyyo = yesterday52 Atha = at that time Pito = early moming Sve = tomorow Sampatti = now, just now Ayoatiss = next time, going on Divi = day time . Rattindivarh = all day and night Siyarh = evening ‘Addharatte = midnight Suve stay rattich = at night ~ Aja 3. Adhira : Place, Positional Parammulkhi = behind, back Uddhash = above Ora = on this bank, on this shore Upari = above Pararh = on other bank, on opposite shore Amari = between Tiro Anto = inside Bahi = outside Adho = beneath, under Bahira Agejtha = below, buttom Hurah = next world, other world, next live Sammukhd = inthe present of, in font of Raho in the secret place 4. Pariecheda : Measurable Tava Kiva Tavati = Unil that, Up to that Yiva > = however Bttivatl Kittivats aiid Samant’ = = Around 5. Upami: Shmile, Metaphor, Analogy Viya Na Seyyathi Yathd = Just as, Like Tatha = Thus, By thus Evath = Such as 6, Pakdrattha : Method Tathi = Thus, By thus, Such as Evarh = Thus, By thus, Such as Katharh = How 7. Patisedha : Negative M& = Don't Va = only Vind = excepting, avoid to Na No. -} = No, None, Not Alarh = just enough53 . Anussavana : Hearabl a Heard or perceptible by the ear Khalu = Thus has hear One upon atime. Sudach 9. Parikappa : Conditional 7 if Atha = Bven, Though cee a Appeva niima = However es Yanntna = However 10. Pucchana : Interrogative Kith = Isthere, Are there on ata Kathath = How a ree Namu = Isthere, Are there aoe ae 11. Sampaficehana : Answer, Accept Am ee } = Yes, please Ingha Taggha p> = Please, Let's Handa 13. Sandhiina : Conjunction Pana tw Ca = And ‘Ateadi a Bert ease Apica On the other hand Api 14, Padaptrana/Vac andladkéra : Word or Message Adoration : Nu Ve ve } = Really, Surely | Vo = Hey !, Oh! Su Have 15, Ninappakrattha : Various and Multi-purpose | Avassarh = surely Nand = different, various Iindeclinables. ‘Aho = Ob! Musi false speech Tikkhatturh = three times tbo =onother —Uceath = above, up Miccha= wrong Sakih= one, time, once Addi = surely Neath = below, down | Samm =‘te,right Patthdya, Pabhati = since i= thus that, such Saha, Saddhaish with, by | Punappunarh = again and again Sayath = by oneselfPaceay Arranged, added, at verb, Common exampl adjectives, and verb endings, 3. Paceaya (Suffix) 4 yn called in English thatthe prefix. It isan indeclinable tobe put, seed, tached or fixed to the end or after the stems of noun, adjective, pronoun or es are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns or which form the conjugation of verbs. Particularly in the study of SEAN Teaquages, «sui is called an afformative, as they ean alter the form of the words to ‘which they are fixed In Indo-European studies, a distinction is made between suffixes and ndings. Sufixes can carry grammatical information (inflectional sufixes) or lexical information (derivational wuffixes). Bxample and Meaning L Parato = before Ito =by/from this Instrumental Case; by... | Pacchato = behind Ekato = by onetime, Ablative Cases from..ou | Visto = by the right together Noun /Pronoun /Indeclinable + to hand side | Ubbato= by both side Dakkhipato =by the left | Tato = by/fronn that hand side Sabbato = by/from all Kuto = from where 2, Place - 9; Locative; in, on, at Atra ‘Tatra Pronoun + tra tha ha, Ettha Tattha iim dha, dhi, hich. Sabbatra Tha hath, bincanath, va | Sabbattha >} Everywhere | | raha H lead Sabbaab Kubich Katra Kuhath where Kattha KuhincanathJ Kya 3, Place; Locative; in, on, at | Sada Tahial Pronoun + di, dint, rahi, dhuni, | Ssbbadi Hae ] Btaraht | NOW dicanath, ja, Jju Kadant ee] Adhund =e When Kudfcanas sail5s rn cnt Today Paraiie - | tomorrow pea rae ee ce xu | ercome | [eee Yresee Dative Case: for....../ to Kitush J | To do Vattus S| To say aot (Distt) + tem tate oars } For going ner} For drinking | GantunJ | Te £0 Paturh S| To drink 5, Time; Past Participle Katona Vattina Root (Dhitu) + tina, tvi, tvina | Katva ae Vattva \ Said Katving ‘Vattviina Gantina Patina Gantva bY Gone Pivitvd —p} Drunk Gantvaina. Pivitvana-15) Various ee a Ty Ablative Sulixes: +0 D iocatve Suffixes De va 3) Question and Time= taling Sufi td, ‘dni, 58Numberals in Pali called that Safkhya, 1, Pakati-Safikhya ; the ordin Chapter VI. Sankhya ; Numberals classified into 2 classes i.e. ‘ary or serial number. 2. Parana-Sarikhya ; the cardinal number, The Sakhya is mostly used as Adjective, as noun and pronoun, 1. Pakati-Sankhya Ordinary or Serial number in some situations it is also used [No.| Pali: Saakhya Countable [No, | Pali: Satikhya Countable | Number Number 1__|eka one 26_| chabbisati twenty six [2__| dvi two 27 _[sattavisati twenty seven [3 [ti three 28 | atthavisati twenty eight [4 | catu four 29 | ekiinatirhsa twenty nine 3_|pafica five 30 _[tishsa, tirhsati__| thirty [6 _|cha six 31_| ekatirhsa thirty one’ 7 _|satta seven, 32_| dvattirhsa thirty two 8 | astha eight 33_| tettirhsa thirty three 9 _|nava nine 34 | catutirhsa thirty four 10_| dasa ten 35_| paficatirhsa thirty five 11_| ekadasa eleven 36_| chatirhsa thirty six 12_ | dvadasa twelve 37_| sattatirhsa thirty seven 13_ | tedasa thirteen 38 | atthatirhsa thirty eight 14 | catudasa fourteen 39 _| ekiinacattalisa thirty nine 15_|pannarada, pannarasa_| fifteen 40 | cattalisa forty 16_| solasa sixteen Al_| ekacattalisa forty one 17_| sattarasa seventeen |42_| dvecattalisa forty two 18 | attharasa eighteen _|43_| tecattalisa forty three 19 | ekiinavisa, ekiinavisati | nineteen 44 | catucattalisa forty four (20 _| visa,visati twenty 45 _| paficacattalisa forty five 21 | ekavisa, ekavisati twenty one _|46 |cattalisa + forty six 22 _| dvavisa, bavisati twenty two [47_[sattacattalisa forty seven 23 | tevisa, tevisati twenty three |48 | atthacattalisa forty eight 24 | catuvisa, catubbivisati_| twenty four |49_| éktinacattalisa forty nine 25_| paficavisa, paficavisati [twenty one |50_| pafifidisa, pannasa | fifty60 60 satthi sixty 70 sattati seventy __ 80 assiti eighty 90 ekiinasatarh ninety 100 satarh one hundred 1,000 sahassarh one thousand 10,000 dasa-sahassarh ten thousand 100,000 sata-sahassarh,lakkharh___| one hundred thousands 1,000,000 dasasata-sahassarh one million 10, 000,000 koti ten millions 2. Pirana-Sankhya Cardinal number No. | Pali Saaikhya Or Cardinal number in 3 lingas Cardinal number Pullifiga: Masculine | Itthilinga: ‘Napushsakalinga: Neuter Feminine i pathamo pathama pathamarh first a dutiyo dutiya dutiyarh second 3 [tatiyo tatiya tatiyarh third = — ee catuttharh fourth a paficamarh fifth cs chattho chattht chattharh sixth a sattamo sattami sattamarh seventh a atthamo atthami atthamarh eighth 9* | navamo navami navamarh ninth 10" dasamo dasamit dasamarh tenth Ue kadar a ekddasamarh eleventh 13® |terasamo terasi dddasamarh rosvett 14" |catuddasamo | catuddast cena ‘hires 3" untae idasamath _| fourteenth 16" ralasar r at asi ee fifteenth 17 —— sixteenth aoe eee es 19"| ektinavisamo | kektinavist ee asamarti__| eighteenth 208 bai <= ekiinavisamarh _| nineteenth a a a visamarh twentieth 10 i = 22" | dvavisamo aa eavisamath Twenty first gaat vente eavisemarh Twenty second Visamarh Twenty third61 Declension of Pakati-Saikhya The Usage of Ordinary or Serial number Vibhatti : noun cases for noun and numberals declension Vibhaiti(Cases) | Eka-vacana(Singular) | Bahu-vacana(Plural) 1. Pathama +a awa (Nominative/Subjective) + ye ‘2. Dutiya = (Accusative/Objective) + th + si 3. Tatiya 5 7 (instrumental) i + bi 4 Catuttht (ative) + sa + nash 5 Paticami ; - (Ablative) + sma + hi 6. Chaftht aa Sra (Genetive/Possesive) ie 7 Sattamt i Cocative) + smith + su @.Alapana a Aree) si + yo ‘The Structure of Numberals (Safikhy4) Declension Numberals (Saaikhya) + Vibhatti = Adjective, Noun or Pronoun ( Numberals ) Eka one(1) in different forms of 3 lingas A. Eka one (1): Masculine Number ‘Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) examples 1. Pathama ioe : (NominstiveSubjective |K2+Si_ = eko Eko jano One person 2 velObjectve) [eka tm = ekath ekarh janath to one person ae esa) ecka+nd = ekena ekena janena by one person f alee, eka+sa = ekassa,ekassa, | ekassa janassa to one person ekaya for one person oe) eka + sma = ekasma, ekasma jana ekamba, eka from one person 6. Chattht = (GenetivePossesive) _|Cka tsa ekassa ekassa janassa to one person 7, Sattami ts * ‘ i ans eka+ sith =ekasirh, ekasiriekamhi/eke janasith ekamhi, eke in/at_ one personB. Eka one (1 ): Feminine Number 6 Vibhatti(Cases) | Eka-vacana(Singular) examples) 1, Pathama eka+si =ekd Eka kaha One girl | ‘(Nominative/Subjective) —| Iz. Dai i. eka+m = ekarh Ekarh kaiiiarh to one girl ed cat na ~ekiya —|Bkdpa kafiiiya by one gin’ | 4 a ekat+sa = ekdya Ekdya kaiiiaya —_ for one girl 5 uae) eka + sma = ekaya Ekaya kaiifiiya from one girl 6. an cka+sa = ekiya | Ekaya kaiya of one girl i are eka+sirh =ekdya — | Ekdya kafifdyarh at one girl C. Eka one (1): Neuter Number Vibhatti(Cases) Eka-vacana(Singular) examples a raraiveSubjetve | KA +S! ekarh kar phalarh One fruit Dana elObjectve) [eka tm = ekath ekarh phalath to one fruit | Opec eka+nd = ekena ekena phalena by one fruit Cae eka tsa = ekassa, ekdya, | ekassa phalassa ekattha to one fruit / for one fruit * anne) eka + sma = ekasmd, ekasma phalasma ekamhd, ek from one fruit : peace) eka+sa = ekassa ekassa phalassa a of one fruit (Locative) eka + sith = ekasirh, ekasirh phale ekamhi, eke in/at one frit |: Dvi - two(2) having only one form in 3 liagas (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter) Vibhatti(Cases) Bahu Vacana (Plural) examples Ly . 1 PamadvelSubjective) [Vit YO = dve Dye jan’ ‘Two persons . re eatvelObjective) dvityo =dve dve jane totwopetsons > (samest) dvithi = dvthi dvthi janehi by two persons Ga dvi+narh = dvinnarh — | dvinnari janinarh for/to two persons : (Ablative) dvithi = dvthi dvihi janehi from two persons SC poses) [vit nat = avinnath | dvinnarh jannarh of two persons . (Locative) dvitsu = dvesu dyesu janasu in/at two persons Ti three (3) in different forms of 3 liagas A. Ti three (3 ) : Masculine Number Vibhatti(Cases) Bahu Vacana (Plural) examples tees swjecive) [ETYO 7 t2Y0 Tayo loki Three worlds 2D vldrjetivey [H+YO = tayo tayo jane to three persons en tithi = thi ‘thi janebi by three persons — titnarh = tinnarh, tinnarh janith tinnannarh for / to three persons |* ante) thi = thi thi janchi from three persons 6 at powedve) [tt nach = tinnash, tinnarh janich tinnannarh of three persons aes ti¢m = = tu ‘osu janesu in/at three personsB. Ti three (3) : Feminine Number a Bahu Vacana (Plural) examples Vibhatti(Cases)_{ 1 i Tisso kai three girls : (eonnaiveSubjotve) ae 7 isso kaiiiarh ——_to three gi, z Dai oo tityo = tisso tisso — irls + Tenet thi = thi eoeelae eee gis + Catutthi ti+narh = tissannarh | fissannarh kaiiiiyanarh (Dative) for/to three girls 5. a tithi = thi thi kaiifiyahi from three girls 6 mae ive) [tit narh = tissannath | tissannarh kafifiiyanarh eee of three girls 7. oe titsu =fisu fisu kaiifiasu at three girls C. Ti three (3): Neuter Number Vibhatti(Cases)_ ‘Bahu Vacana (Plural) examples estas subjective) [t+ YO = ti ti phalani three fruits 2. Dutiya : e i (Accusative/Objectivey |tit+ yo = tini ti phalani to three fruits 3. Tatiya ae : a tithi = hi thi phalebi by three fruits 4, Catutthi - 2 |” (Dative) ti+narh = tinnarh, tinnarh phalath tinnannath for / to three fruits 5. Patcami a (Ablative) tithi = thi thi phalehi from three fruits 6. Chagtht : - (GenetivePossesive) | ti+narh = tinnarh, tinnarh phalath 7. Salami : ao Goeaive) fitsu = tu fisu phalsu in/at three fruits6. ; Catu four (4) in different forms of 3 lingas A. Catu four (4) : Masculine Number —— Bahu Vacana (Plural) examples 1 Pathe ive/Subjecive) [C8 *+YO = cattiro | Cattdro jank Four persons 2, Dutiya . = catti {acousativeObjective) catu+ yo = cattiro cattaro jane to four persons 5 Tatiya ae a catuthi = catdhi | hi janehi by four persons ¥ Catutthr fee oe) catu+narh = catunnarh | catunnarh jandrh for / to four persons 5. Paficami : ra) catu+hi = catthi | catizhi janehi from four persons atthi oo ie ePossesivey Cat nah = catunnarh | catwnnart janish of four persons 7. Sattami Locative) catu+su = _catiisu catiisu janesu in/at four persons B. Catu four (4): Feminine Number Vibhatti(Cases) _| Bahu Vacana (Plural) examples Fiiaod sajecive) | atU-+ yo catisso |Catasso kath Four sil * Tn iv) catu+yo = catisso | catasso kana to four girls ae catu+hi = catthi | catithi katiayahi by four girls a a catu + narh = catassannarh kaifiayanarh catassannarh for/to four girls eee catu+hi = catthi |catithi kafiiay@hi of four girls . eet e/Possesive) catu + narh = catassannarh kaiiayanach catassannarh - forito four girls e tee) catu+ su = fisu catiisu kaiiasu’ at four girls66 cca tt Ne had — sample) Pas) cam-+yo | = cattlirl Cattari phalini tur | 2 pet iGiectey [ee | cattari cattari phalani to four | Ta ay catuthi = catibi cath phalehi_by fur fruits | 4 an catu+narh = catunnarh catunnamh phalarh for / to four fruits | 5. Te catu+hi = cathi catithi phalehi q from four fruits 6 (aaetrlPositre) catu+narh =.catunnarh | catunnarh phalarh of four fruits | pena catutsu = catsu —_—| catiisu phalesu in/at four fruits Pafica - five (5) Pajicas .... Atthdrasa 18 are declined in the same forms having only one form in 3 lirigas (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter) Vibhatti(Cases) Bahu Vacana (Plural) examples 1 PART elubjecive [PACA +yO = pafica [paca jana Five persons : Tan abit) pafica+yo =pafica | pafica jane _ to five persons cos patca+hi = paficahi | pafica hi janehi by five persons | * athe) pafica + narh = paficannarh | Paficannari jananarh for/to five persons + abla) paiica+hi = paicahi | pafica hi janehi from five persons © (Gatataiteesv) pafica + narh = paficannarh | Paficannarh jandinarh of five persons Toa) pafica+su = paficasu | pafica su janasu tnlat Gye vernon