1 The diagram shows part of the Periodic Table.

Answer the questions using only the elements shown in the diagram.
Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all.
Write the symbol for an element which:
(a) forms a stable ion of type X2−......................................
(b) is a light green gas at room temperature..........................
(c) forms an ion which gives a yellow precipitate on addition of aqueous silver
nitrate
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(d) is used to make food containers...........................
(e) is a diatomic gas which forms 78% of dry air..................................
2: Magnesium is a metal.
(a) State two properties which are characteristic of most metals.
1 .......................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................
(b) Complete the electronic configuration of a magnesium atom. Show all
electrons.

(c) Magnesium reacts with bromine to form magnesium bromide, MgBr 2.

Magnesium bromide is an ionic solid at room temperature.
(i) Explain, in terms of movement of electrons, how magnesium bromide is
formed by the
reaction of magnesium with bromine.
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(ii) Magnesium bromide is soluble in water.
Suggest one other physical property of magnesium bromide.
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(d). Chlorine reacts with aqueous magnesium bromide.
The products are aqueous magnesium chloride and aqueous bromine.
(i) Construct the ionic equation for this reaction.
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(ii) Explain why aqueous magnesium chloride does not react with aqueous
bromine.
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3: The table shows some properties of four Group I elements.

(a) (i) Complete the table by estimating:

• the melting point of sodium-----------------------
• the atomic radius of rubidium.-------------------
(ii) Use the information in the table to suggest why it is difficult to predict the
relative thermal
conductivity of potassium.
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(b) Sodium reacts with oxygen to produce sodium oxide, Na2O.
(i) Construct the equation for this reaction.
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(ii) What type of oxide, acidic or basic, is sodium oxide?
Give a reason for your answer.
type of oxide: ............................................................................................
reason: .......................................................................................................
(c) Explain, in terms of ease of formation of ions, why copper does not react
with aqueous
sodium sulfate.
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4: The Periodic Table is an arrangement of elements in groups and periods.
(a) What are the factors that determine the position of an element in the
Periodic Table?
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(b) Phosphorus is an element in Group V of the Periodic Table.
Deduce the electronic configuration of a phosphide ion, P 3–.
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(c) Phosphine, PH3, is a covalent compound.
(i) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram of phosphine.
Only draw the outer shell electrons.

(ii) Some properties of phosphine are listed.

• gas at room temperature
• almost insoluble in water
• reacts with hydrogen chloride
• has no effect on litmus paper
• decomposes to form hydrogen and phosphorus only when warmed gently
Describe two ways in which the properties of ammonia are different from those
of
phosphine.
1. ...........................................................................................................................
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2. ...............................................................................................................
(iii) Construct the equation for the thermal decomposition of phosphine.
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5: Some properties of Group VI elements are shown.

(a) (i) Use the information in the table to suggest the density of selenium at
room temperature.
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(ii) Use the information in the table to deduce the physical state of oxygen at
−190 °C.
Explain your answer.physical state .........................................................
explanation ...........................................................................................................
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(b) (i) Describe the trend in the electrical conductivity of the Group VI
elements.
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(ii) There is a trend in the melting points of the Group VI elements.
Which element does not follow this trend?
Use the data in the table to explain your answer.
element .................................................................................................................
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explanation ...........................................................................................................
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(c) Use the information in the table to explain how the structure and bonding
in oxygen differs
from the structure and bonding in polonium.
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(d) Sulfur dioxide is an atmospheric pollutant.
(i) State one source of the sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere.
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(ii) Describe and explain how sulfur dioxide contributes to acid rain.
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6: Bismuth is a metallic element in Group V of the Periodic Table.
(a) Complete the diagram to show the structure and bonding in a typical
metal.
Label your diagram.
(b) Describe three physical properties which are typical of most metals.
1. ...........................................................................................................................
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2. ...........................................................................................................................
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3. ...........................................................................................................................
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(c) Bismuth reacts with chlorine to form bismuth(III) chloride, BiCl 3.
Construct the equation for this reaction.
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(d) When bismuth reacts with molten bismuth(III) chloride, an ion is formed.
The structure of this ion is shown.

Write the formula of this ion.

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7: Sodium and rubidium are alkali metals.
(a) Explain how metals conduct electricity.
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(b) State two trends in the properties of the alkali metals.
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(c) Name the products formed when rubidium reacts with water.
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and ..............................................................
(d) Titanium is extracted from titanium(IV) chloride by reduction with molten
sodium.
TiCl 4 + 4Na 4NaCl + Ti
Suggest why sodium reduces titanium(IV) chloride.
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