CHEM X ICSE Sulphuric Acid
CHEM X ICSE Sulphuric Acid
CHEM X ICSE Sulphuric Acid
CHEMISTRY SUMMARY
Scope:
Large scale preparation
Dilute acid properties.
Concentrated acid properties: As an oxidizing agent, oxidation of
carbon & sulphur; as a dehydrating agent: dehydration of sugar &
copper [II] sulphate crystals and non‐volatile nature.
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FALGUNI MISS
2P + 5H2SO4 (conc.) → 2H3PO4 + 2H2O + 5SO2
Metals: Cu + 2H2SO4 (conc.) → CuSO4 + 2H2O + SO2
Zn + 2H2SO4 (conc.) → ZnSO4 + 2H2O + SO2
Inorganic 2HI + H2SO4 (conc.) → I2 + 2H2O + SO2
compounds: H2S + H2SO4 (conc.) → S + 2H2O + SO2
2. H2SO4 is a non‐ Due to its high boiling point and non‐volatile nature, it can displace
volatile acid. volatile acid from its salts.
℃
NaCl + H2SO4 ⎯⎯⎯ NaHSO4 + HCl
℃
KCl + H2SO4 ⎯⎯⎯ KHSO4 + HCl
℃
NaNO3 + H2SO4 ⎯⎯⎯ NaHSO4 + HNO3
℃
KNO3 + H2SO4 ⎯⎯⎯ KHSO4 + HNO3
3. H2SO4 is a strong H2SO4 is hygroscopic, hence behaves as a drying agent.
dehydrating agent. It has a strong affinity for water, hence removes elements of water
from a compound as well as water of crystallization from hydrated
salts, hence behaves as a dehydrating agent.
Carbohydrates:
, .
C6H12O6 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 6C + 6H2O
, .
C12H22O11 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 12C (sugar charcoal) + 11H2O
, .
[C6H10O5]n ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 6[C]n + 5[H2O]n
Organic compounds:
, .
H.COOH ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ CO + H2O
, .
COOH–COOH (C2H2O4) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ CO + CO2 + H2O
, .
C2H5OH ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ C2H4 + H2O
Hydrated salts:
, .
CuSO4.5H2O ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ CuSO4 + 5H2O
Differentiate:
Dilute Sulphuric acid and dil. Nitric acid:
Dilute sulphuric acid. Dilute nitric acid.
Add Barium chloride solution to dil. Adding Barium chloride solution to
H2SO4, it gives a white ppt. of dil. HNO3, it gives a soluble solution
Barium sulphate. of Ba(NO3)2; and no ppt. is formed.
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FALGUNI MISS
Dilute hydrochloric acid and Dilute sulphuric acid using lead nitrate
solution:
Dilute hydrochloric acid Dilute sulphuric acid
Add dil. HCl to colourless solution Add dil. H2SO4 to colourless solution
of lead Nitrate, it forms a white of lead Nitrate, it forms a white ppt.
ppt. of lead chloride which is of lead sulphate which is insoluble in
soluble in hot water, insoluble in hot or cold water.
cold water.
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