FALGUNI MISS

04. FORMULAE; CONVERSIONS; VALUES,

UNITS. (120) (2022 – 2023).

01. FORCE.
1. F = ma
2. F = mg
3. Wt = mg
4. Moment of force = F × ⊥ distance
5. Moment of couple = F × diameter
6. Sum of anticlockwise moments = Sum of clockwise moments

02. WORK, ENERGY & POWER.

7. F = ma
8. F = Weight = mg
9. W = F × S (horizontal motion)
10.W = F × S cos 𝜃 (angular motion)
11.W = mgh (Vertical)
12.Energy = Work
𝑊
13.P =
𝑡

14.P = F × v (horizontal motion)

15.P = F × v cos 𝜃 (angular motion)
𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
16.Efficiency =
𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡

17.V = u ± at
1 1
18.S = (u + v) t = ut ± at2
2 2

19.v2 = u2 ± 2aS
20.F = ma
21.W =U =K

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22.W = FS
23.U = mgh
24.Gain in U = mg (h2 – h1)
25.Loss in U = mg (h1 – h2)
1
26.K = mv2
2
p2
27.K =
2𝑚
1
28.∆ K = m (v2 – u2)
2

29.p =mv
30.p = √2𝑚𝐾
31.W = mgh
32. U = mgh
33. Δ in U = mg (h2–h1)
1
34.K.E. = mv2
2
1
35. ∆ in K.E. = (mv2 – mu2)
2

36.Impulse = m (v – u)

03. MACHINES
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 (𝐿) 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑚
37.Mechanical advantage (M.A.) = =
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 (𝐸) 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑚
Displacement of the effort dE
38.Velocity ratio (V.R.) = =
Displacement of the load dL

39.Work input = E × dE
40.Work output = L × dL
Work output
41.Efficiency (η) =
Work input
𝐿 dL
= ×
𝐸 dE
Power output
=
Power input

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𝑀𝐴
=
𝑉𝑅
𝑀.𝐴.
42.Efficiency (η)% = × 100
𝑉.𝑅.

43.Load × Load arm = Effort × Effort arm

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 (𝐿)
44.Mechanical advantage (M.A.) =
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 (𝐸)
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑚
=
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑚
Displacement of the effort
45.Velocity ratio (V.R.) =
Displacement of the load
dE
=
dL

46.Work input = E × dE
47.Work output = L × dL
Work output
48.Efficiency (η) =
Work input
𝐿 dL
= ×
𝐸 dE
Power output
=
Power input
𝑀𝐴
=
𝑉𝑅
𝑀.𝐴.
49.Efficiency (η) % = × 100
𝑉.𝑅.

50.Resistance due to movable parts or friction of the pulley (X):

a. X = E (VR – MA) OR
𝑋
b. = VR – MA
𝐸
2𝑅
51.VR =
𝑅−𝑟

04. REFRACTION OF LIGHT AT PLANE SURFACES

speed of light in vacuum (c)
52.aμg =
speed of light in that medium (v)
sin of angle of incidence (sin i )
53.aμg =
sin of angle of refraction (sin r)

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speed of light in medium1
54.1μ2 =
speed of light in medium 2

55.1μ 2 × 2μ 1 =1
𝜆2
56.1μ2 =
𝜆1

57.𝛿 Min = 2𝑖 – A
58.𝛿 = (𝑖1 + 𝑖2 ) – (r1 + r2)
59.𝑟1 + 𝑟2 =A
60.𝑖1 + 𝑖2 =A+𝛿
Real thickness
61.Refractive index =
Apparent thickness
𝑅𝐷
=
𝐴𝐷
1
62.Shift = RD (1 – )
𝜇

63.Shift = RD – AD

05. REFRACTION THROUGH A LENS.

1
64.Power of lens (in D) =
focal length (in meters)
1 1 1
65. = –
𝑓 𝑣 𝑢
height of image (I)
66.Magnification, m =
height of the object (O)
𝑣
=
𝑢

67.
Concave always virtual Convex
Virtual Real
(1 case) (5 cases)
–u –u –u
–v –v +v
–f +f +f
+m +m –m

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06. SPECTRUM.
68.c =𝑓𝜆 (for light ray)
69.v = 𝑓 𝜆′ (for any other ray)
70.c =𝑓𝜆
71.v = 𝑓 𝜆′

07. SOUND.
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑
72.t =
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑
2𝑑
=
𝑣
1
73.f =
𝑇
1
74.T =
𝑓
𝑣𝑡
75.d =
2
𝑣
=
2𝑓
2𝑑
76.v =
𝑡

= 2df
77.v =fλ
78.l1f1 = l2f2
79.f1 λ1 = f2 λ2

08. CURRENT ELECTRICITY.

80.V =IR
𝑉
81.I =
𝑅
𝑉
82.R =
𝑇
𝑙 𝑙
83.R = = 
𝑎 𝜋 𝑟2
𝑅𝑎 𝑅 𝜋 𝑟2
84. = =
𝑙 𝑙

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𝑄 𝑛𝑒
85.I = =
𝑡 𝑡

86.W = QV
87.V = I R (external)
88.V = I r (internal)
89.V = IR
𝑅𝑎
90.Resistivity ρ =
𝑙

91.Total resistance of the circuit =R+r

𝜀
92.Current drawn from the cell I =
𝑅+𝑟
93.Terminal voltage of the cell V = IR
𝜀𝑅
=
𝑅+ 𝑟

94.Voltage drop inside the cell v = Ir

𝜀𝑟
=
𝑅+ 𝑟
𝜀
95.Internal resistance of the cell, r = ( − 1) R
𝑉
𝑣
=
𝐼

96.E.m.f of cell, 𝜀 = I (R + r)
97. Equivalent resistance in series Rs = R1 + R2 + R3......
1 1 1 1
98. Equivalent resistance in parallel = + + ......
𝑅𝑝 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3

𝑄
99.I =
𝑡
𝑛𝑒
=
𝑡
100. Charge of 1 electron = – 1.6 × 10-19 C
101. 1 A current carries 6.25 × 1018 elec.
𝑉2 𝑇
102. W = QV = V I t = I2 R t = =P×t
𝑅
𝑊 𝑄𝑉 𝑉2
103. P = = = V I = I2 R =
𝑡 𝑡 𝑅

104. Q = It
105. H = 0.24 I2 R t

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 FALGUNI MISS
09. HOUSEHOLD CIRCUITS. – NO NUMERICALS

10. ELECTROMAGNETISM.
𝑁𝑠
106. Turns ratio =
𝑁𝑝

𝑁𝑠 𝐸𝑠
107. =
𝑁𝑝 𝐸𝑝

108. Es. Is = Ep. Ip

109. ∆ B = Change in magnetic flux
∆𝐵
110. emf =N×
𝑡

11. CALORIMETRY.
111. Q = mc ∆T
𝑄
112. c =
𝑚∆𝑇
𝑃×𝑡
113. c =
𝑚∆𝑇

114. C’ =c×m
𝑄
115. C’ =
∆𝑇

116. Q = mL
𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑒𝑑/𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒)
117. L = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑄
=
𝑚
𝑃𝑡
=
𝑚

12. RADIOACTIVITY.
118. 1 a.m.u. = 931 MeV
119. E = mc2
120. E = loss of mass in a.m.u × 931 MeV

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CONVERSIONS:
1. 1 calorie = 4.2 joules
2. 1 kilocalorie = 1000 calories = 4200 J
3. 1 cal K-1 = 4.2 JK-1
4. 1 kilocalorie oC– 1 = 1000 calorie oC-1
5. 1 cal g-1 oC-1 = 4.2 × 103 JKg-1 K-1
6. 1 kilo-cal kg-1 = 1 cal g-1
7. 336000 J Kg-1 = 80 cal g-1
8. 1 Kgf = 9.8 N,
9. 1gf = 980 dynes.
10. 1g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3
11. 1 Newton = 105 dynes
12. 1 bar = 105 Pascal
13. 1Km / hour = 5/18 m/s
14. 1 liter = 1000 cm3
15. 1 m3 = 1000 liters
16. 1 Kg = 1000 g
17. 1 atmospheric pressure = 76 cm mercury column
18. Density of water = 1 g /cm3 (C.G.S), 1000 Kg / m3 (S.I.)
19. Density = R.D (C.G.S), density = 1000 × R.D.
20. 1 joule = 107 erg
21. 1 Kw = 1000 w
22. 1 Mw = 106 W
23. 1 k J = 103 J
24. 1 joule = 107 erg
25. Watt = 1 J s-1
26. 1 W = 107 erg s-1

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27. 1 HP = 746 W = 0.764 kW
28. 1 joule = 0.24 calorie
29. 1 eV = 1.6 x 10-19 J
30. 1 Wh = 3600 J = 3.6kJ
31. 1 KWh = 3.6 × 106 J = 3.6 MJ

VALUES:
1. Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 Jg-1 K-1
2. Specific latent heat of steam = 2268 Jg-1
3. Specific heat capacity of fusion of ice = 336 Jg-1
4. Specific heat capacity of ice = 2.1 Jg-1 K-1

UNITS:
Physical quantities C.G.S. S.I.
2
Area cm m2
Volume cm3 m3
Velocity/speed cm/s ms-1
Acceleration cm/s2 ms-2
Density g/cm3 Kg m-3
Momentum g.cm/s Kg ms-1
Force / weight / thrust / Dyne newton or Kg ms-2
upthrust / load / effort
Work output / Work input / Erg Joule or Kg m2s-2
energy
Power erg/s Joule (Watt) or Kg m2s-3
Pressure dyne/cm2 newton/m2 (pascal)
Electric current ------ Ampere
Temperature ------- Kelvin
Mass Gram Kilogram
Length cm M
Amount of substance ------ Mole
Intesity of light ------- Candela
Note: gravitational units of weight / upthrust: gram force, kilogram force.

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SCALAR AND VECTOR QUANTITIES:
No direction Has direction
(1) Speed (a) Velocity
(2) Mass (b) Momentum
(3) Work (c) Displacement
(4) Distance (d) Acceleration
(5) Frictional Forces (e) Force (thrust): downward
(6) Power (f) Weight: downward
(7) Energy (g) Gravitational force: downward
(8) Pressure (h) Upthrust: upward
(9) Frequency (i) Tension: upward

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