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Assignment 3

This document contains problems related to angle modulation techniques including FM, PM, and their detection. It discusses [1] sketching FM and PM signals given various modulation parameters, [2] analyzing the bandwidth of angle modulated signals, [3] detecting angle modulated signals using envelope and differential detectors, and [4] designing Armstrong indirect FM modulators using available oscillators and frequency multipliers to achieve specified carrier frequencies and frequency deviations.

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184 views

Assignment 3

This document contains problems related to angle modulation techniques including FM, PM, and their detection. It discusses [1] sketching FM and PM signals given various modulation parameters, [2] analyzing the bandwidth of angle modulated signals, [3] detecting angle modulated signals using envelope and differential detectors, and [4] designing Armstrong indirect FM modulators using available oscillators and frequency multipliers to achieve specified carrier frequencies and frequency deviations.

Uploaded by

yamen.nasser7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 3: Angle Modulation

1 Angle Modulation
• 4.5-1: Given message signal m(t) as below. Sketch φF M (t) and φP M (t) given ωc =
2π × 107 , kf = 104 π, and kp = 25π.

• 4.5-2: A baseband signal m(t) is a periodic sawtooth signal as shown below.

(a) Sketch φF M (t) and φP M (t) if ωc = 2π × 106 , kf = 2000π, and kp = π/2.


(b) Show that the PM signal is a signal with constant frequency but periodic phase
changes. Explain why it is necessary to use kp < π in this case for reception purposes.
[Note that the PM signal has a constant frequency but has phase discontinuities
corresponding to the discontinuities of m(t)]

1
• 4.5-3: A periodic signal m(t) as shown below is transmitted as an angle-modulated signal.
The modulation system has ωc = 2π × 103 rad/s. Let the signal bandwidth of m(t) be
approximated by 5 divided by its own period (i.e., its fifth harmonic frequency).

(a) To generate an FM signal with kf = 20π, sketch the frequency-modulated signal


φF M (t) in time domain
(b) If a PM signal is generated for m(t) with kp = π/2, sketch the phase-modulated
signal φP M (t) in time domain

• 4.5-4: Over an interval |t| ≤ 1, an angle-modulated signal is given by

φEM (t) = 10 cos(13, 000πt + 0.3π)

It is known that the carrier frequency ωc = 12, 000π.

(a) Assuming the modulated signal is a PM signal with kp = 1000, determine m(t) over
the interval |t| ≤ 1.
(b) Assuming the modulated signal is a FM signal with kf = 1000, determine m(t) over
the interval |t| ≤ 1.

2
2 Bandwidth Analysis for Angle Modulation
• 4.6-3: For a message signal
√
m(t) = 3 cos 1000t − 5 cos 1200 2πt

(a) Write expressions (do not sketch) for φP M (t) and φF M (t) when A = 10, ωc =
106 , kf = 1000π, and kp = 1. For determining φF M (t), use the indefinite integral of
m(t); that is, take the value of the integral at t = −∞ to be 0.
(b) Estimate the bandwidth of φP M (t) and φF M (t).

• 4.6-4: An angle-modulated signal with carrier frequency ωc = 2π × 106 is

φEM (t) = 10 cos(ωc t + 0.1 sin 2000πt)

(a) Find the power of the modulated signal.


(b) Find the frequency deviation ∆f .
(c) Find the phase deviation ∆ϕ.
(d) Estimate the bandwidth φEM (t).

• 4.6-5: An angle-modulated signal with carrier frequency ωc = 2π × 106 is

φEM (t) = 5 cos(ωc t + 20 cos 1000πt + 10 sin 4000πt)

(a) Find the power of the modulated signal.


(b) Find the frequency deviation ∆f .
(c) Find the phase deviation ∆ϕ.
(d) Estimate the bandwidth φEM (t).

3
• 4.6-6: Given m(t) = sin 2000πt, kf = 5000π, and kp = 10.

(a) Estimate the bandwidth of φF M (t) and φP M (t).


(b) Repeat part (a) if the message signal amplitude is doubled.
(c) Repeat part (a) if the message signal frequency is doubled.
(d) Comment on the sensitivity of FM and PM bandwidths to the spectrum of m(t).

• 4.6-7: Given m(t) = e−100t , fc = 104 Hz, kf = 500π, and kp = 1.2π.


2

(a) Find ∆f , the frequency deviation for FM and PM.


(b) Estimate the bandwidth of the FM and PM waves (Hints: find M (f ) first and find
its 3dB bandwidth.

4
3 Angle Modulation Detection
• 4.7-3: Let s(t) be an angle-modulated signal that arrives at a receiver,

s(t) = 2 cos[107 πt + 2 sin(1000πt + 0.3π) − 3π cos(2000t)]

(a) Find the bandwidth of this FM signal.


(b) If s(t) is sent to an (ideal) envelope detector, find the detector output signal.
(c) If s(t) is first differentialted before the envelope detector, find the detector output
signal.
(d) Explain which detector output can be processed to yield the message signal m(t)
and find the message signal m(t) if kf = 200π.

5
4 Armstrong indirect FM modulator
• 4.9-1

(a) Design (the block diagram of) an Armstrong indirect FM modulator to generate an
FM carrier with a carrier frequency of 98.1 MHz and ∆f = 75 kHz. A narrowband
FM generator is available at a carrier frequency of 100 kHz and a frequency deviation
∆f = 10 Hz. The stockroom also has an oscillator with an adjustable frequency in
the range of 10 to 11 MHz. There are also plenty of frequency doublers, triplers,
and quintuplers.
(b) Determine the tunable range of the carrier frequency in the design of part (a).

• 4.9-2 Design (the block diagram of) an Armstrong indirect FM modulator to generate
an FM carrier with a carrier frequency of 96 MHz and ∆f = 20 kHz. A narrowband FM
generator is available at a carrier frequency of fc = 200 kHz and a frequency deviation
∆f in the range of 9 to 10 Hz is available. The stockroom also has an oscillator with an
adjustable frequency in the range of 9 to 10 MHz. There are bandpass filters with any
center frequency, and only frequency doublers are available.

• 4.9-3 Design an Armstrong indirect FM modulator in block diagram to generate an FM


signal with carrier frequency 96.3 MHz and ∆f = 20.48 kHz. A narrowband FM generator
is available at a carrier frequency of fc = 150 kHz and a frequency deviation ∆f = 10
Hz is available. Only a limited number of frequency doublers are available as frequency
multipliers. In addition, an oscillator with adjustable frequency from 13 to 14 MHz is
also available for mixing, along with bandpass filter of any specifications.

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