Department of Education

National Capital Region

Schools Division of Paranaque City
Self-Learning Modules
Science 9 Quarter 2 Week 7

Name: ___________________Grade & Section: ____________ Score: ___________

Teacher: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Learning Competencies (Essential Competencies)

• Use the mole concept to express mass of substances. (S9MT–IIi–19)
• Determine the percentage composition of a compound given
its chemical formula and vice versa. (S9MT-IIj-20)

Objectives

1. Differentiate molecular unit from formula unit and compute for the molecular mass;
2. Compute for the number of particles given the mass or no. of moles;
3. Convert number of moles, mass, and number of particles from one unknown to
another;
4. Determine the percentage composition of each element in a given compound; and
5. Calculate the empirical and molecular formula of a compound given its percentage
composition.

Let’s Recall (Review)

WHO AM I?

I am an eight-letter word. I am a huge number and I am in charge of this unit’s

discussion. For you to find out who I am, you need to answer the eight clues below. The first
letter of the answers will help you to solve the puzzle.

1. A negative ion. 5. Number identity of an atom.

2. The outermost electron. 6. Sublevels with 5 orbitals
3. Element with the atomic number or eight. 7. Movement of gas molecules.
4. Examples are helium, hydrogen and oxygen. 8. Rule that states that atom must
.. have 8 valence electrons. .

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 Let’s Understand (Study the Concept)

The Mole

A mole is the amount of a substance that has the same number of particles
(molecules, formula units, or atoms) as there are atoms in 12 grams of C-12. It is a Latin
word that means “heap” or a “huge pile”. The number of particles in 1 mole of any substance
is given by Avogadro’s number, named after the Italian scientist, Amadeo Avogadro (1776-
1856). The value of Avogadro’s number is 6.02x10 ²³ particles/moles.

For any molecular compound or diatomic element, the value of Avogadro’s number
means that 1 mole of this substance contains 6.02x10 ²³ molecules. This number also
means that 1 mole of any ionic compound contains 6.02x10 ²³ formula units. Moreover, 1
mole of any monatomic element contains 6.02x10 ²³ atoms.

A mole is a collection of 6.02x10 ²³ items

A mole of water (H2O) has 6.02x10 ²³ molecules
A mole of sodium chloride has 6.02x10 ²³ formula units

Note: Molecules usually refer to covalent compounds while formula unit refers to ionic
compounds.
Sample Problem
1. Determine the number of moles present in each of the following substances;
a. 50.0 g of glucose, C6H12O6 b. 20.0 g of Ca (NO3)2

Solutions/ Answers:

a) C= 6 (12g) = 72g 50.0 g⁄ x 1 mol = 0.278 mol. Of C6H12O6

H =12(1g) = 12g 180 g⁄
O = 6(16g) = 96g

m.m of glucose = 180g/mol

b) Ca = 1 (40g) = 40g 20.0 ⁄g x 1 mol = 0.122 mol of Ca(NO3)2

N = 2 (14g) = 28g 164 g⁄
O = 6 (16g) = 96g
m.m of Ca(NO3)2 = 164g/mol

Molar Mass

Counting atoms or molecules is very difficult since they are very small. However, you
can “count” atoms or molecules by weighing them. When you weigh one mole on a balance
you get the molar mass, whose unit is gram per mole (g/mol). The Molar Mass of a substance

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is equal to the atomic mass of an element or formula/molecular mass of a compound
expressed in grams. Look at the examples below.

Element Atomic weight Molar Mass

C 12 amu 12g/mol
Na 23 amu 23g/mol
O 16 amu 16g/mol

The Formula /Molecular mass of a substance is calculated by adding the atomic

mass of all the atoms in a molecular formula or formula unit.

Example of Formula/Molecular Mass Molar Mass

compounds
Fe2O3 (2x56) + (3x16) = 112 + 48 = 160 amu 160g/mol
CO2 (1x12) + (2x16) = 12 + 32 = 44 amu 44g/mol
CaCl2 (1x40) + (2x36) = 40 + 72 = 112 amu 112g/mol

Mole to Mass Relationship

Sample Problem

Johann Van Helmont was the first to prepare sulfuric acid by destructive distillation
of ferrous sulfate (1,600). This substance, which reacts violently with water, has recorded a
melting point of -2° and boils at 327°C. Determine the mass in grams of 11.22 mol of H2SO4.

Solution
First, look for the atomic masses for hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen from the Periodic table.
H = 2 x 1.0 g/mol = 2.0 g/mol gramsH2SO4 = 11.22mol⁄ x 11.22g/mol
S = 1 x 32. g/mol = 32.0g/mol 1 mol⁄
O = 4x16.0g/mol = 64.0g/mol = 1,100g H2SO4
Total = 98.0g/mol
Mole to Mole Relationship
Sample Problem
Two atoms of sulfur react with three molecules of oxygen to form two molecules of
sulfur trioxide, which is an air pollutant. How many moles of sulfur react in this way with 9
moles of O2? 2S + 3O2 → 2SO3
Solution
From the balanced equation, you can see that 2 sulfur (S) react with 3 oxygen (O).
write the ratio of moles of the elements involved.

2 moles S = X moles
3 moles O 9 moles O2

Then cross multiply to get * 9 moles = 3*x

X = (2*9 moles) = 18 moles = 6 moles

3 3

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Mass to Number of Particles
Sample Problem
How many water molecules would be found in a 72.0g sample of water?

Solution
First, change the mass of the sample to the number of moles. Find the molar mass
of water.
Molar mass of H2O:
H = 2 atoms x 1.0g = 2.0g = 72.0g H2O = 4 moles H2O
O = 1 atom x 16.0g = 16.0g 18.0gmol H2O
Molar mass = 18.0g/mol

4 moles⁄ H2O = 1 molecule H2O = 2.42 x 10² molecules of H2O

6.02x10²³ moles⁄

Mole to Number of Particles

Sample Problem

How many molecules of CO2 are found in 12.5 moles of CO2?

Solution
Simply use the formula total no. of particles = no. of moles 6.02x10²³ representative
particles.

= 12.50 mol x 6.02x10²³ molecules = 7.53 x 10² molecules of CO2

1 mole

Percentage Composition

The percentage composition of any given compound is the ratio of the amount of
each element present in the compound to the total amount of individual elements present in
the compound multiplied by 100. We express percentage composition using the formula
below:

% element = mass element/total mass compound x 100

The percent composition of any compound is an expression of its composition in terms

of all the elements present. Hence, from a chemical formula, a percentage composition can
also be determined. Consider the following example.

Sample Problem 1. Acetic acid, CH3COOH is an important chemical reagent in many

industrial processes. In households diluted acetic acid or vinegar is often used as a cleaning
agent or as a preservative. What is its percentage composition?
Solution:

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Step 1: Calculate the mass of each element and the total mass of the compound.
mass C = 2 x 12.01 g = 24.02 g
mass H = 4 x 1.01 g = 4.04 g
mass O = 2 x 16.00g = 32.00 g
total mass = 60.06 g

Step 2: Calculate the percentage composition by mass.

% C = 24.02 g/60.06 g x 100 % = 39.99 %
% H = 4.04 g /60.06 g x 100% = 6.73 %
% O = 32.00 g / 60.06 g x 100% = 53.28 %

Check your answer by adding them up. The sum must be 100 or close to 100.

Empirical and Molecular Formulas

Empirical Formula, also known as the simplest formula specifies the whole-number
ratio of atoms of the elements in a compound while molecular formula specifies both the
relative and the actual number of atoms in a compound or molecule.

Sample Problem. What is the molecular formula of a compound containing 52.13 % carbon,
13.15% hydrogen, and 34.72 % oxygen? The molecular mass of the compound is 99.99 amu.
Given: % carbon = 52.13%
% hydrogen =13.15 %
% oxygen = 34.72 %
Molecular mass = 99.99 amu
Required: Molecular Formula
Solution

Step 1: Determine the empirical formula of the compound.

mole C = 52.13 g / 12.01 g/mol = 4.34 mol
mole H = 13.16 g / 1.01 g/mol = 13.03 mol
mole O = 34.72 g / 32.00 g/mol = 1.09 mol
Get the ratio of the elements
C = 4.34 mol / 1.09 mol =4
H = 13.03 mol/ 1.09 mol = 12
O = 1.09 mol / 1.09 mol =1
The empirical formula is C4H12O
Mass C = 4 x 12.01 amu = 48.04 amu
Mass H = 12 x 1.01 amu = 12.12 amu
Mass O = 1 x 16.00 amu = 16.00 amu
76.16 amu

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Step 3. Determine the value of n.
n= molecular mass/ empirical mass = 99.99 amu / 49.48 amu = 2
Step 4. Derive the molecular formula.
Molecular formula = empirical formula x n

Answer: Molecular formula = C4H12O x 2 = C8H24O2

Let’s Apply
Solve the following problems.
A. Calculate the molecular/formula mass of the following compounds:
1. Calcium Hydroxide, Ca (OH)2 2. Ethanol, C2H5OH
B.
1. Calculate the number of particles present in the following substances.
A. 0.75 mol Aluminum (Al) B. 5.25 mol Magnesium (Mg)
2. Determine the number of molecules in each of the following substances.
A. 1.00 mol of SO2 B. 0.250 mol of N2

Let’s Analyze

Solve the following problems:

1. Gold (Au) is a precious metal used in jewelry making. Find the number of moles
of gold given its atomic mass; Au = 197
2. Calculate the percent composition of Ethane, C2H6.
3. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid,) contains 40.92 % C, 4.58 % H, and 54.50 % O, by mass.
The experimentally determined molecular mass is 176 amu. What is the empirical and
molecular formula for ascorbic acid?

Let’s Try (Evaluation)

DIRECTION. Read the following questions carefully and choose the letter of the best
answer.

1. How many particles are there in one mole of any kind of substance?
A. 3.01 x 10²³ B. 6.02x10 ²³ C. 3.01 x 10 D. 6.02x10 ²
2. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3, Molar Mass = 100.09 g/mole) is an antacid used to
neutralize extra acid in the stomach. Lorie is prescribed by the doctor to take 250-mg
tablet of CaCO3 three times a day. How many moles of CaCO3 will Lorie consume for
3 days?
A. 0.0252 moles B. 0.0225 moles C. 0.0242 moles D. 0.0235 moles

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 3. Which of the following could be an empirical formula?
A. CH2O B. H2O2 C. N2O4 D. C6H12O6
4. If the empirical formula of the compounds is CH2O and its molecular mass is 181
amu, what is its molecular formula?
A. C6H12O6 B. C12H22O11 C. C2H4O6 D. CHO

5. What is the molecular mass of Aspirin, C9H8O4 ?

A. 120.4 amu B. 180.17 amu C. 176.17 amu D. 142.50 amu

Let’s Create

Percent Composition of NIPS®

In this activity, we are going to use a package of NIPS® and consider each pack as a
specific COMPOUND. You will be counting each atom (different color candy) to determine its
chemical formula. Given the mass number, you will calculate the total mass of the atom, the
formula mass, and the chemical composition of your “compound”.

Materials: 1 Pack of NIPS®, Calculator, Coloring Materials, Ruler, Drawing Compass

Procedures:
1. Obtain a package of NIPS® and count the number of each color in your pack. Enter in the
data table.
2. Use the data entered to determine the compound’s CHEMICAL FORMULA. (Use the first
letter of the color as its element symbol & be sure to use the proper subscripts.) Ex. R6O7Y15
etc…
3. If your package does not contain a particular color, DO NOT put it into the chemical
formula.
4. Determine the total masses for each color for the compound. So if you have 6 atoms of Red
times the molar mass given which is 24g the total mass would be 144g.
5. Use the formula for % composition to determine the percentage composition of each “atom”
(color) in the compound. Fill in the table below (15 points).

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 Color of No. of Mass Total Mass % Composition
Atom Atoms Number of Atom Total Mass of atom x100
Formula Mass of comp.
Example 6 24 g 144 g 144 g/552 g x100= 26.09 %
Red

Orange 14 g

Yellow 12 g

Blue 2g

Purple 16 g

Total Formula Mass of the Compound = __________ g

CHEMICAL / MOLECULAR FORMULA = _________________________

Percent composition of the Compound = _________________________

References:

Jonna M. Abistado, Melissa V. Caldez, Marites D. Aquino, Mary Ann T. Bascarra, Gil Nonato C.
Santos,Seamless K-12 Edition 2014, Science Links 9, REX Book Store, Sampaloc, Manila

Liza A. Alvarez, Dave G. Angeles, Hernan L. Apurada, Ma. Pilar P. Carmona, Oliver A. Lahorra, Judith
F. Marcaida, Ma. Rigaele A. Olarte, Estrella A. Osorio, Digna A. Paningbatan, Marivic S. Rosales, and
Ma. Teresa B. Delos Santos, Science Grade 9 Learner’s Module, First Edition, 2014, Printed in the
Philippines by FEP Printing Corporation

Teresita F. Religioso, Genevieve Darvin-Faraon, Delia Cordero, Lilia G. Vengco, You and the Natural
World Science 9, K to 12 Curriculum, Copyright 2014 by Phoenix Publishing House Inc.

Copyright 2014 by Vibal Group, Inc. and Lilia M. Rabago, Ph.D., Marie Jessica B. Alumaga, Echel
Simon-Antero, Crescencia C. Joaquin, Ph.D., Catherine Genevieve B. Lagunzad, Ph.D., Ricardo M.
Crisostomo, Alicia L. Padua, Maria Carmela A. Boncodin, Michael A. Toledo and Thelma R. Mingoa,
Ph.D., Science and Technology 9