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Endo Basic Mcqs

Acromegaly is a chronic disease caused by excess growth hormone (GH) in adults. It results in abnormal enlargement of bones in the hands, feet, and face. This excess GH in adults is usually due to a non-cancerous tumor of the pituitary gland that continues to secrete GH after growth plates have closed. Symptoms include enlarged features, headaches, joint pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and hypertension. Treatment options include surgery to remove the tumor, medication to block GH release or action, and radiation therapy.

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33 views7 pages

Endo Basic Mcqs

Acromegaly is a chronic disease caused by excess growth hormone (GH) in adults. It results in abnormal enlargement of bones in the hands, feet, and face. This excess GH in adults is usually due to a non-cancerous tumor of the pituitary gland that continues to secrete GH after growth plates have closed. Symptoms include enlarged features, headaches, joint pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and hypertension. Treatment options include surgery to remove the tumor, medication to block GH release or action, and radiation therapy.

Uploaded by

rimshaafshen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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(d) Acromegaly

Answer: (d)

8. In chronically deficient patients, this abnormality is directly related to the enlargement of the thyroid
gland

(a) Impaired conversion of T3 and T4

(b) Reduced activity of thyroperoxidase

© Elevated levels of TSH

(c) An antibody that binds to the TSH receptor in the thyroid gland

Answer: ©

9. ____________ encloses thyroid, responsible for its movement during swallowing

(a) Prevertebral fascia

(b) Pretracheal fascia

© Investing layer of the deep cervical fascia

(c) Superficial fascia

Answer: (b)
10. This condition of chronic inflammation of the thyroid leading to under-activity is

(a) Thyroiditis

(b) Goitre

© Hypothyroidism

(c) Hyperthyroidism

Answer: (a)

– Adrenal Glands
This set of Human Physiology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Chemical Coordination and Integration – Adrenal Glands”.

1. Adrenaline and non adrenaline are hormones and act as ________


a) Neurotransmitters
b) Energy storing substance
c) Food storage material
d) Energy producing agents
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Adrenaline and non adrenaline are hormones and act as
Neurotransmitters. They are secreted by adrenaline glands. They are also chemical
messengers.

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2. Glomerular area of adrenal cortex is responsible for ________
a) Water and electrolyte balance
b) Steroid hormone secretion
c) Blood pressure
d) Carbohydrate metabolism
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Adrenal cortex is the outer part of the gland. It produces hormones.
Glomerular area of adrenal cortex is responsible for water and electrolyte balance.

3. Which of the following hormone is known as flight and fight hormone?


a) Thyroxin
b) Adrenaline
c) ADH
d) Oxytocin
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Adrenaline is known as flight and fight hormone. It is produced by
adrenal glands, during stressful conditions adrenaline is released into the blood
sending impulses to organs to create a specific response.

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4. ADH acts on ________


a) Loop of Henle
b) Collecting ducts of testes
c) Collecting tubules of kidneys
d) PCT
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: ADH is also known as vasopressin. It is a peptide prohormone.it acts on
collecting tubules of kidneys.

5. Adrenal gland is derived from ________


a) Endoderm
b) Mesoderm
c) Ectoderm
d) Ectoderm and mesoderm
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Adrenal gland is derived from Ectoderm and mesoderm. They are
endocrine glands. They are found above the kidneys.

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6. Adrenaline hormone increases ________


a) Blood pressure
b) Blood glucose level
c) Arteriosclerosis
d) Oxygen uptake
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Adrenaline hormone increases blood pressure. It sends a message in
the form of an impulse to different parts of the body.

7. ADH deficiency shows ________


a) Polydipsia
b) Polyuria
c) Glycosuria
d) Polydipsia and Polyuria
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: ADH deficiency shows Polydipsia and Polyuria. Polydipsia is intense
thirst despite drinking plenty of fluids. Polyuria is passing abnormally large amounts
of urine.

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8. The adrenal gland is located ________


a) In the peritoneal cavity
b) On the kidneys
c) Lateral to the liver
d) In the abdominal cavity
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The adrenal gland is located on top of each kidney. Each adrenal gland
is comprised of two distinct structures.

9. What is the name of the cells producing the hormone in adrenal medulla?
a) F cells
b) Chief cells
c) Principal cells
d) Chromaffin cells
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Chromaffin cells are present in the adrenal medulla; they are innervated
by the splanchnic nerve and secret adrenaline.

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10. Which is not the function of cortisol?


a) Increases glucose uptake by muscles
b) Convert amino acids to glucose
c) Converts fat to fatty acids
d) Increases blood sugar level in response to stress
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Cortisol is a steroid hormone, it is called a stress hormone.it helps in
metabolism and immune response.

11. Low level of adrenal cortex hormones results in ________


a) Addison diseases
b) Cushing syndrome
c) Goiters
d) Tetany
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Addison disease is also called as hypocortisolism. It is a disorder in
which adrenal gland doesn’t produce enough hormones. Insufficient amount of
cortisol and aldosterone is produced.

12. Adrenal gland consists of ________


a) ACTH and BCTH
b) Inner and outer layer of kidney
c) Inner medulla and outer cortex
d) Lower adrenal and upper adrenal
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Adrenal gland consists of Inner and outer layer of the kidney. The outer
part is called adrenal cortex and inner region is known as adrenal medulla.

13. The adrenal ___________ secretes small amount of both sex hormones.
a) Medulla
b) Cortex
c) Accessory gland
d) Cells
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Adrenal cortex is an outer part of the gland. It produces vital hormones
like cortisol and aldosterone. It also secretes a small amount of sex hormones.

14. ACTH controls the secretion of ________


a) Cortisol
b) Aldosterone
c) Epinephrine
d) Testosterone
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: ACTH is adrenocorticitropic hormone. It is a polypeptide hormone
produced and secreted by pituitary gland. ACTH controls the secretion of cortisol.

15. Low level of adrenal cortex hormones result in ________


a) Goitre
b) Diabetes
c) Addison disease
d) Cushing syndrome
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Low level of adrenal cortex hormones result in Addison disease

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