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Endocrine System

The document consists of a series of multiple-choice questions related to the endocrine system, hormones, and their functions. It covers topics such as the master gland, hormone production, effects of various hormones, and conditions related to hormonal imbalances. The questions also address the roles of specific glands and hormones in regulating physiological processes.

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segubiensecathleen
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8 views6 pages

Endocrine System

The document consists of a series of multiple-choice questions related to the endocrine system, hormones, and their functions. It covers topics such as the master gland, hormone production, effects of various hormones, and conditions related to hormonal imbalances. The questions also address the roles of specific glands and hormones in regulating physiological processes.

Uploaded by

segubiensecathleen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Which gland is known as the "master gland"?

A. Thyroid gland
B. Adrenal gland
C. Pituitary gland
D. Pancreas

2. What connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?


A. Sella turcica
B. Infundibulum
C. Parathyroid gland
D. Adrenal medulla

3. Excess growth hormone (GH) in adults causes:


A. Dwarfism
B. Gigantism
C. Acromegaly
D. Addison's disease

4. Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4?


A. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
B. Growth hormone (GH)
C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
D. Prolactin

5. Prolactin promotes:
A. Ovulation
B. Milk production
C. Calcium absorption
D. Glycogen breakdown

6. What hormone regulates the body’s response to stress by increasing glucose production?
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Adrenaline
D. Calcitonin

7. The adrenal medulla produces:


A. Corticosteroids
B. Thyroid hormones
C. Catecholamines
D. Growth hormones

8. Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood calcium levels?


A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
B. Calcitonin
C. Thyroxine (T4)
D. Aldosterone

9. Where is the thyroid gland located?


A. On top of the kidneys
B. Below the larynx, anterior to the trachea
C. In the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
D. Behind the stomach

10. Insulin is produced by:


A. Alpha cells of the pancreas
B. Beta cells of the pancreas
C. Adrenal cortex
D. Adrenal medulla

11. A deficiency of insulin results in:


A. Addison’s disease
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Cushing’s syndrome
D. Hyperthyroidism

12. Which hormone is released during the "fight or flight" response?


A. Cortisol
B. Adrenaline
C. Prolactin
D. TSH

13. Aldosterone regulates:


A. Calcium levels in the blood
B. Salt and water balance
C. Glucose metabolism
D. Growth and reproduction

14. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium levels by:


A. Inhibiting osteoblasts
B. Stimulating osteoclast activity
C. Increasing calcium excretion in urine
D. Reducing intestinal calcium absorption

15. What condition is associated with prolonged high levels of cortisol?


A. Addison’s disease
B. Graves’ disease
C. Cushing’s syndrome
D. Diabetes insipidus

16. The anterior pituitary produces all EXCEPT:


A. TSH
B. ACTH
C. Oxytocin
D. GH

17. Which gland is located on top of each kidney?


A. Thyroid gland
B. Adrenal gland
C. Pancreas
D. Pituitary gland
18. Hyperthyroidism may result in which condition?
A. Cushing’s syndrome
B. Graves’ disease
C. Addison’s disease
D. Gigantism

19. The pancreas functions as both:


A. Exocrine and paracrine
B. Exocrine and endocrine
C. Endocrine and autocrine
D. Autocrine and paracrine

20. Which hormone stimulates glycogen breakdown to raise blood glucose levels?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Cortisol
D. Aldosterone

21. What is the primary function of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)?
A. Regulate blood glucose levels
B. Control calcium balance
C. Stimulate metabolism and energy production
D. Promote milk production

22. Which cells in the pancreas produce glucagon?


A. Alpha cells
B. Beta cells
C. Delta cells
D. Gamma cells

23. The endocrine system differs from the nervous system in that it:
A. Provides rapid, short-term responses
B. Regulates physiological processes through electrical impulses
C. Provides slower, long-lasting effects using hormones
D. Relies on direct nerve stimulation for action

24. An autoimmune destruction of beta cells results in:


A. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
C. Cushing’s syndrome
D. Addison’s disease

25. What hormone is responsible for regulating circadian rhythms?


A. Thyroxine
B. Cortisol
C. Melatonin
D. Insulin

26. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypothyroidism?


A. Weight gain
B. Fatigue
C. Rapid heartbeat
D. Cold intolerance

27. The adrenal cortex secretes all EXCEPT:


A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Adrenaline
D. Androgens

28. Which disorder results from insufficient production of thyroid hormones?


A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Addison’s disease
C. Hypothyroidism
D. Cushing’s syndrome

29. The hormone calcitonin is produced by:


A. Parathyroid glands
B. Follicular cells of the thyroid gland
C. Parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland
D. Adrenal medulla

30. What is the effect of cortisol on inflammation?


A. It enhances inflammatory responses
B. It reduces inflammation
C. It has no effect on inflammation
D. It blocks aldosterone’s action

31. Which gland controls other endocrine glands?


A. Hypothalamus
B. Adrenal gland
C. Pituitary gland
D. Thyroid gland

32. Gigantism occurs due to excess growth hormone during:


A. Childhood
B. Adulthood
C. Fetal development
D. Menopause

33. Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?


A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. ADH
D. PTH

34. Insulin lowers blood glucose by:


A. Stimulating glycogen breakdown
B. Increasing glucose uptake in cells
C. Stimulating gluconeogenesis
D. Inhibiting glycogen formation
35. Which condition is caused by insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone?
A. Addison’s disease
B. Cushing’s syndrome
C. Graves’ disease
D. Hyperthyroidism

36. The adrenal medulla’s response is part of the:


A. Parasympathetic nervous system
B. Sympathetic nervous system
C. Enteric nervous system
D. Somatic nervous system

37. Which hormone promotes the maturation of ovarian follicles?


A. Prolactin
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
D. Progesterone

38. What hormone increases heart rate and dilates airways?


A. Epinephrine
B. Cortisol
C. Oxytocin
D. Insulin

39. Which hormone inhibits osteoclast activity?


A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
B. Calcitonin
C. Cortisol
D. Aldosterone

40. The adrenal glands are located:


A. Behind the stomach
B. On top of each kidney
C. In the mediastinum
D. Below the larynx

41. Which gland produces hormones that regulate calcium homeostasis?


A. Pancreas
B. Parathyroid glands
C. Adrenal cortex
D. Anterior pituitary

42. What condition results from prolonged cortisol deficiency?


A. Graves’ disease
B. Addison’s disease
C. Cushing’s syndrome
D. Hyperthyroidism

43. Which hormone is critical for brain development in infants?


A. Insulin
B. Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
C. Cortisol
D. Prolactin

44. Which hormone promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys?


A. ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
B. Aldosterone
C. Cortisol
D. Insulin

45. Graves’ disease is an example of:


A. Hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Addison’s disease
D. Type 2 diabetes

46. Which hormone prepares the body for an emergency?


A. Insulin
B. Calcitonin
C. Adrenaline
D. Oxytocin

47. What is the target organ for TSH?


A. Adrenal glands
B. Pancreas
C. Thyroid gland
D. Parathyroid glands

48. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is primarily caused by:


A. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
B. Insulin resistance
C. Excess cortisol production
D. Deficient glucagon secretion

49. Which hormone triggers ovulation in females?


A. Prolactin
B. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
C. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D. Oxytocin

50. Parathyroid hormone increases calcium levels by:


A. Inhibiting osteoclast activity
B. Stimulating calcium absorption in the intestines
C. Increasing calcium excretion in urine
D. Suppressing calcitriol synthesis

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