1.

A hormone is best described as:

(a) an internal secretion that is transported through ducts
(b) an internal secretion with many effects
(c) a chemical secreted by a gland
(d) a chemical produced in one part of the body, which is transported in the blood
and acts in a regulatory capacity at another place of the body.

2. Which of the following is not a steroid hormone?

(a) An estrogen definitely a steroid
(b) Cortisone definitely a steroid
(c) Adrenaline
(d) Testosterone definitely a steroid
(e) None of the above

3. The portion of the pituitary that arises from the roof of the primitive oral cavity is
the:
(a) Adenohypophysis
(b) Pars nervosa neural ectoderm
(c) Neurohypophyis neural ectoderm
(d) Infundibulum
(e) Hypothalamus neural ectoderm

4. The endocrine gland that is formed from two different germ layers is the:
(a) Ovary
(b) Thyroid — comes from endodermal cells of floor of pharynx
(c) Pituitary
(d) Testis
(e) Adrenal

5. The alpha cells of the pancreas secrete:

(a) Insulin
(b) Enzymes
(c) Glucagon
(d) None of these

6. The group of adrenocortical hormones concerned with electrolyte balance is:

(a) The glucocorticoids
(b) The mineralocorticoids
(c) The androgens
(d) Epinephrine and norepinephrine

7. The adrenal medulla secretes:

(a) Cortisone
(b) Cortisol
(c) Epinephrine
(d) Acetylcholine

8. What hormone stimulates testosterone secretion:

(a) LH
(b) Progesterone
(c) FSH
(d) ACTH

9. The release of ACTH from the pituitary stimulates the release of:
(a) Aldosterone from the adrenal medulla
(b) Cortisol from the adrenal cortex
(c) Epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
(d) Renin from the kidney

10. Oxytocin and ADH are stored in the

(a) Adenohyophysis
(b) Anterior pituitary
(c) Posterior pituitary
(d) Kidneys

11. Hyper secretion of growth hormone after closure of the epiphyseal cartilage
causes:
(a) Acromegaly
(b) Myxedema
(c) Addison’s disease
(d) Gigantism
(e) None of the above

12. When there is a marked deficiency of hormone secretion by the thyroid gland in
a young child
(a) Acromegaly soon results
(b) Mental and physical growth are hindered
(c) The child’s eye gradually bulge
(d) There will be high metabolic rate
(e) All the above

13. Which of the following is not a pituitary hormone?

(a) Growth hormone
(b) Luteinizing hormone
(c) Prolactin
(d) Testosterone
(e) Oxytocin

14. Calcium levels in the blood are increased by:

(a) Calcitonin — trick because calcitonin decreases calcium levels in the blood
(b) Heparin
(c) Dicumarol
(d) Parathyroid hormone
(e) Vitamin E

15. Milk ejection from the mammary glands are assisted by

(a) Oxygen
(b) Prolactin
(c) Oxytocin
(d) Prostate hormone
(e) ADH

16. Releasing factors are synthesized in the

(a) Hypothalamus
(b) Hypophysis
(c) Pancreas
(d) Posterior pituitary
(e) Ovary

17. Which of the following hormones is secreted through the pars nervosa of the
pituitary?
(a) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
(b) Prolactin
(c) Oxytocin
(d) Luteinizing hormone
(e) Growth hormone

18. The largest endocrine gland is the

(a) Thyroid
(b) Pituitary
(c) Adrenal
(d) Pancreas
(e) Gonads

19. Which of the following are not influenced by the parathyroid hormone?
(a) Kidneys
(b) Bones
(c) Intestine
(d) Muscles
(e) None of the above

20. The hormone whose action resembles stimulation through the sympathetic
nervous system is
(a) epinephrine
(b) cortisol
(c) androgen
(d) aldosterone
(e) melatonin

21. Secretion of which hormone would be increased in an iodine deficiency goiter?

(a) TSH
(b) Thyroxine
(c) T3–trioiodithyronin
(d) All these

22. The hormone that is released from the anterior pituitary and stimulates the
development of the seminiferous tubules in the testis is called:
(a) Prolactin
(b) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
(c) Follicle-stimulating hormone
(d) Luteinizing hormone

23. Which of the following statements about glucocorticoids is/are true?

(a) The major glucocorticoid in the human is cortisol
(b) They are secreted by the zona fasciculate of the adrenal cortex
(c) Secretion of these hormones is decreases in Addison’s disease (what is this )
(d) All the above

24. The basal metabolism rate (what is this) can reflect dysfunction of the
(a) Pituitary
(b) Parathyroid
(c) Adrenal
(d) Thyroid
(e) Pancreas

25. What is the proper sequence of the adrenal cortex zones, from outside in?(learn
this)
(a) Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona recticularis (GFR)
(b) Zona glomerulosa, zona recticularis, zona fasciculate
(c) Zona recticularis, zona fasciculata, zona glomerulosa
(d) Zona fasciculata, zona recticularis, zona glomerulosa

26. Target cells for steroid hormones contains receptor proteins in their:
(a) Cell membrane
(b) Nucleus
(c) Nuclear membrane
(d) Nucleoplasm

27. A symptom of diabetes mellitus(what is this) is:

(a) Glyconemia
(b) Polydipsia (excess thirst. Along with polyuria and polyphagia)
(c) Gain in weight — you rather have unexplained weight loss
(d) Hypoglycemia
(e) All of the above

28. Which of the following is an endocrine-exocrine gland?

(a) Adrenal
(b) Pituitary
(c) Thyroid
(d) Pancreas

29. A hormone may, through negative feedback, shut off the secretion of an
anterior pituitary hormone by;
(a) Stimulating the release of a (hypothalamic) releasing factor
(b) Inhibiting the release of a (hypothalamic) inhibiting factor
(c) Inhibiting the release of a (hypothalamic) releasing factor
(d) All of the above
30. Stimulation of the mother’s nipples by the baby’s nursing initiates sensory
impulses which pass into the central nervous system and eventually the
hypothalamus. These impulses result in the:
(a) Synthesis and the release of the prolactin from the posterior pituitary
(b) Release of lactogenic hormone (prolactin) from the anterior pituitary
(c) Release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary
(d) Release of prolactin-inhibiting factor

31. Choose the true statement(s) about the person with type I (insulin dependent)
diabetes mellitus
(a) There is little or no insulin secretion
(b) Dietary treatment may suffice
(c) There is hyperglycemia
(d) Ketoacidosis and dehydration may develop
(e) all of the above

32. A person with untreated iodine deficiency goiter has high

(a) TSH secretion
(b) Thyroxine secretion
(c) Temperature
(d) Metabolic rate
(e) All these

 Look up primary, secondary, and tertiary hypothyroidism

33. Persistent headaches, visual disturbances, large ears, large tongues, apathy,
and diabetic symptoms are characteristic of (look up all of these diseases)
(a) Cushing’s syndrome
(b) Acromegaly
(c) Addison’s disease
(d) Rhee’s syndrome

34. The acidophils (huh) of the anterior pituitary secrete:

(a) Prolactin and GH
(b) LH and FSH
(c) TSH
(d) MSH

A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a tumor within the hypophysis of the
pituitary gland of a 56-year-old man. It was determined that the man suffers from
Cushing’s disease
35. Secretion of which of the following hormones would be elevated
A. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone
C. Luteinizing hormone
D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
E. Growth hormone

A patient suffers from a pituitary disorder, resulting in a reduction in

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production.
36. Which of the following would be reduced in secretion by the zona fasciculata of
the adrenal gland?
A. Aldosterone
B. Renin
C. Mineralocorticoids
D. Epinephrine
E. Cortisol

37. Which of the following occurs in response to glucagon secretion by the islets of
Langerhans?
A. Decreased blood glucose levels
B. Decreased sodium ion uptake by proximal convoluted tubules
C. Increased water retention by renal collecting tubules
D. Elevated blood glucose levels
E. Inhibition of hormone secretion by the adrenal cortex

38. Iodination of thyroglobulin within the thyroid gland occurs at which of the
following sites?
A. Parafollicular cells -calcitonin
B. Folliclecells- metabolic rate increase
C. Colloid
D. Basement of the follicular cells
E. Capillaries of thyroid gland

39. Which of the following hormones are secreted from beta (B) cells of the
pancreas?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin
C. Somatostatin
D. Secretin
E. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

40. Which of the following can remain tethered to the back of the tongue after
birth?
A. Thyroid gland
B. Adrenalgland
C. Parathyroid gland
D. Thymus
E. Pancreas

A pathologist is studying a section of the pituitary gland. He notes a highly

vascularized region of this gland. Many of the cells within this region have a
basophilic cytoplasm.

41. Which of the following regions of the pituitary gland is he examining?

A. Infundibular stalk
B. Parsnervosa
C. Parsintermedia
D. Pars distalis
E. Parstuberalis (what’s this)

42. Based on question 7, which of the following hormones is released from the
basophilic-staining cells?
A. Antidiuretic hormone
B. Prolactin
C. Luteinizing hormone
D. Oxytocin
E. Somatomedin(what’s this)

43. Glial-appearing cells, called pituicytes, are found within which region of the
pituitary gland?
A. Pars tuberalis
B. Parsnervosa
C. Parsdistalis
D. Pars intermedia
E. Infundibular stalk

44. The secretion of which of the following hormones is controlled by a feedback

mechanism directed through the vasculature of the hypothalamus?
A. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
B. Insulin
C. Calcitonin
D. Oxytocin
E. Antidiuretic hormone

45. Protein hormones act initially on target cells by

A. Attaching to receptors on the nuclear membrane
B. Attaching to receptors on the nucleolus
C. Diffusing through the plasma membrane
D. Attaching to receptors on the plasma membrane
E. Attaching to receptors on the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane

46. Which of the following statements concerning the adrenal parenchymal cells is
true?
A. Those of the zona fasciculata produce androgens
B. Those of the adrenal medulla produce epinephrine and norepinephrine
C. Those of the zona glomerulosa produce glucocorticoids
D. Those of the cortex contain numerous secretory granules
E. Those of the zona reticularis produce mineralocorticoids

47. Characteristics of the pinealocytes include which of the following?

A. They produce melatonin and serotonin
B. They resemble astrocytes
C. They contain calcified concretions of unknown function
D. They act as postganglionic sympathetic cells
E. They are unaffected by dark and light cycles

48. Prolactin is synthesized and secreted by which of the following cells?

A. Acidophils in the pars distalis
B. Basophils in the pars tuberalis
C. Somatotrophs in the pars distalis
D. Basophils in the pars intermedia

E. Gonadotrophs in the pars distalis

49. ACTH is produced by which of the following cells?

A. Chromophobes in the pars distalis
B. Neurosecretory cells in the median eminence
C. Basophils in the pars distalis
D. Neurons of the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus
E. Basophils in the pars intermedia

50. The histological appearance of the thyroid gland being stimulated by TSH would
show which of the following?
A. Decreased numbers in the follicular cells
B. Increased numbers of the parafollicular cells
C. Column-shaped follicular cells
D. An abundance of colloid in the lumen of the follicle
E. Decreased numbers of the parafollicular capillaries

51. A 40-year-old woman is diagnosed with Grave’s disease. Which of the following
characteristics would be associated with her condition?
A. Inadequate levels of iodine in her diet
B. Weightgain
C. Flattened thyroid follicular cells
D. Excessive production of thyroid hormones
E. Increased amounts of follicular colloid

52. Which one of the following hormones lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting
bone resorption?
A. Calcitonin
B. Epinephrine
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Prolactin
E. T3

53. A 51-year-old man underwent surgery for a removal of carcinoma on his

trachea. After surgery he suffered excessive nervousness, muscle cramps, and
spasmodic skeletal muscle contractions in his arms, legs and feet. Laboratory tests
revealed markedly low levels of calcium in his blood. Treatment with intravenous
calcium and vitamin D led to recovery in a few weeks. Which one of the following
conditions is responsible for these symptoms in this patient following surgery?
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Hypoparathyroidism
D. Grave’s disease
E. Hyperparathyroidism
54. Which of the following hormones plays a role in regulating body temperature by
promoting heat production?
A. Calcitonin
B. Epinephrine
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Prolactin
E. T3