P R A C T I C A L R E S E A R C H 11 Week 3-4

LESSON 3
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Content Standard:
The learner demonstrates understanding of:
 The value of qualitative research; its kinds, characteristics, uses, strengths, and weaknesses
 The importance of qualitative rese
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 arch across fields of inquiry
Performance Standards:
 Decide on suitable qualitative research in different areas of interest
Learning Competencies:
 Describes characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of qualitative research
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the students will be able to;
 Define Qualitative Research;
 Create a semantic map about the characteristics of a Qualitative Research, and;
 Identify the different types of Qualitative Research

WHAT IS A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH?

As a curious student, you want to know so many things about your surroundings as well as PEOPLE,
PLACES, AND THINGS you find INTERESTING, INTRIGUING, MYSTERIOUS, OR UNIQUE. Try people looking
around you. Perhaps, you are interested in KNOWING THESE PEOPLE’S IDEAS, VIEWS, FEELINGS,
ATTITUDES, OR LIFESTYLE. The information these people give you reflect their mental, spiritual, emotional, or
social upbringing, which in turn, show HOW THEY VIEW THE WORLD.

This is a research type that puts premium or high value on people’s thinking or point of view
conditioned by their personal traits. As such, it usually takes place in SOFT SCIENCES; social
sciences, politics, economics, humanities, education, psychology, nursing, and all business-related
subjects.
Subjectivity in qualitative research is true, not only for an individual or group under study, but
also for you, the researcher, because of your personal involvement in every stage of research.
In a qualitative research. The reality is conditioned by society and people’s intentions are
involved in explaining cause-effect relationships. Things are studied in their natural setting, enough for
you to conclude that qualitative research is an act of inquiry or investigation of real-life events.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

1. HUMAN UNDERSTANDING AND INTERPRETATION
- Data analysis results show and individual’s mental, social and spiritual understanding of the world.
Hence, through their worldviews, you come to know what kind of human being he or she is, including his/her
values, beliefs, likes, and dislikes.
2. ACTIVE, POWERFUL AND FORCEFUL
- A lot of changes occur continuously in every stage of qualitative research. As you go through the
research process, you find the need to amend or rephrase interview questions and consider varied ways of
getting answers, like shifting from mere speculation to traveling to places for data gathering. You are not
fixated to a certain plan. Rather, you are inclined to discover your qualitative research design as your study
gradually unfolds or reveals itself in accordance with your research objectives.
3. MULTIPLE RESEARCH APPROACHES AND METHODS
- Qualitative Research allows you to approach or plan your study in varied ways. You are free to
combine this with quantitative research and use all gathered data and analysis techniques. Being a multi-
method research, a qualitative study applies to all research types; descriptive, exploratory, explanatory, case
study, etc.
4. SPECIFICITY TO GENERALIZATION
 - Specific ideas in qualitative research are directed to general understanding of something. It follows an
inductive or scientific method of thinking, where you start thinking of particular or specific concept that will
eventually lead you to more complex ideas such as generalizations or conclusions.

5. CONTEXTUALIZATION
- A quantitative research Involves all variables, factors, or conditions affecting the study. Your goal here
is to understand human behavior. Thus, life is crucial for you to examine the context or situation of an
individual’s life – the who, what, why, how, and other circumstances – affecting his or her way of life.
6. DIVERSIFIED DATA IN REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS
- A qualitative research prefers collecting data in a natural setting like observing people as they live and
work, analyzing photographs or videos as they genuinely appear to people and looking at classroom
unchanged or adjusted to people’s intentional observations.
7. ABOUNDS WITH WORDS AND VISUAL
- Words, words, and more words come in big quantity in this kind of research. Data gathering through
interviews or library reading, as well as the presentation of data analysis results, is done verbally. In some
cases, it resorts to quoting some respondents’ answer. Likewise, presenting people’s world views through
visual presentation.
8. INTERNAL ANALYSIS
- Here you examine, the data yielded by the internal traits of the subject individuals. You study people’s
perception or views about your topic, not the effects of their physical existence on your study. In case of
object that are subjected to a qualitative research, the investigation centers on underlying theories or
principles that govern these materials and their usefulness to people.

TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

CASE STUDY
his type of qualitative research usually takes place in the field of social care, nursing, psychology,
rehabilitation centers, education, etc. This involves a long time study of a person, group, organization or situation. It
seeks to find answers to why such thing occurs to the subject. Finding the reason/s behind such occurrence drives
you to also delve into relationships of people related to the case under study. Varieties of data collection methods
such as interviews, questionnaires, observations, and documentary analysis are used in a case study.

ETHNOGRAPHY
Falling in the field of anthropology, ethnography, is the study of a particular cultural group to get clear
understanding of its organizational set-up, internal operation and lifestyle. A particular group reveals the nature or
characteristics of their own culture through the world perceptions of the cultural group’s members.

PHENOMENOLOGY
Coming from the word “phenomenon” which means something known through sensory experiences,
phenomenology refers to the study of how people find their experiences meaningful. Its primary goal is to make
people understand their experiences about death of loved ones, care for handicapped persons, friendliness of
people, etc. in doing so, other people will likewise understand the meanings attached to their experiences. Those
engaged in assisting people to manage their own lives properly often do this qualitative kind of research.

CONTENT AND DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

Content analysis is a method of quantitative research that requires an analysis or examination of the
substance or content of the mode of communication (letters, books, journals, photo, video recordings, SMS, online
messages, emails, audio-visual materials, etc.) used by a person, group, organization, or any institution in
communicating. A study of language structures used in the medium of communication to discover the effects of
sociological, cultural, institutional and ideological factors on the content makes it a discourse analysis. In studying the
content or structures of the material, you need a question or a set of questions to guide you in your analysis.

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS
Central to this qualitative method is the examination of primary documents to make you understand the
connection of past events to the present time. The result of your content analysis will help you specify
phenomenological changes in unchanged aspects of society through the years.
 GROUNDED THEORY

Grounded Theory takes place when you discovered a new theory to underline your study at the time of data
collection and analysis. Through your observation on your subjects, you will happen to find a theory that applies to
your current study. Interview, observation, and documentary analysis are the data gathering techniques for this type
of qualitative research.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

ADVANTAGES OR STRENGTHS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

1. It adopts a naturalistic approach to its subject matter, which means that those involve in the research
understand things based on what they find meaningful.
2. Promotes a full understanding of human behavior or personality traits in their natural setting
3. Instrumental for positive societal changes
4. It engenders respect for people’s individuality as it demands the researcher’s careful and attentive stand
toward people’s world views.
5. A way of understanding and interpreting social interactions.
6. Increases interest in the study as it includes the researcher’s experience or background knowledge in
interpreting verbal and visual data
7. It offers multiple ways of acquiring and examining knowledge about something.

DISADVANTAGES OR WEAKNESSES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

1. Involves a lot of researcher’s subjectivity in data analysis
2. It is hard to know the validity and reliability of the data
3. Open-ended questions yield “data overload” that requires long-time analysis
4. Time-consuming
5. Involves several process, which results greatly depend on the researcher’s views or interpretations.
PRACTICAL RESEARCH – WEEK 3 – 4
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________
Grade and Section: ___________________________ Score: ________________

LET’S DO THIS!
ACTIVITY 6
Directions: Explain the concepts you have learned by answering the following questions.
1. What comes to your mind the moment you hear QUALITATIVE RESEARCH?
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2. If you want to conduct a research study about your favorite restaurant in town, what method of qualitative
research is appropriate for your study? Explain your choice.
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3. Differentiate subjectivity from objectivity.
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4. Explain the connection between subjectivity/objectivity and your research work.
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5. How is grounded theory different form other qualitative research methods.?
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6. Is the researcher himself a data gathering instrument? Why or why not?
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7. Can all research methods be used in one research study? Give reasons for your answer.
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8. Pretend you are a subject of a phenomenological study, how will the researcher obtain data through you?
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9. Given the chance to research, would you right away choose qualitative research? Give reasons for your
answers.
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10. If you will do qualitative research about the area in which your house is situated, what could be your research
problem or topic?
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ACTIVITY 7
Direction: Create a semantic map about the characteristics of a Qualitative Research. Put it on another sheet of
paper. You can use and choose your own design. You will be graded according to the criteria.

Criteria for Concept Map

ACTIVITY 8
Directions: Name the type of qualitative research best suited for the following topics.
1. The Mangyans’ Burial Practices _________________________________________________
2. Relative of Typhoon Victims_____________________________________________________
3. The effectiveness of Typhoon Victims _____________________________________________
4. Spiderman: The very First Fil in the 21s century_____________________________________
5. Philippines’ Political Party System: Then and Now___________________________________
6. Filipino Caregivers in Japan_____________________________________________________
7. Travails of Senior Citizens at the LRT/MRT Stations__________________________________
8. The Lone Grade VI Speed reader of UST High School________________________________
9. Grade 11 Science Textbook_____________________________________________________
10. Student Activism Since the Marcos Era ____________________________________________
11. Black Lives Matter: The shout for equality__________________________________________
12. The 13 Tribes in Davao City _____________________________________________________
13. The Frontliners’ sorrow in this Pandemic___________________________________________
14. Modified Activities increases Student’s Engagement _________________________________
15. The Duterte’s Administration towards corruption _____________________________________
16. UP Student’s Fighting for #JunkTerrorBill ___________________________________________
17. The Purpose Driven Life, A Book by Rick Warren ____________________________________
18. The Businessmen’s Struggles in this Health Crisis ___________________________________
19. Students’ Behavior: Research Analysis anchored to Ivan Pavlov _________________________
20. The Victims of Taal Volcano’s Eruption_____________________________________________

Parent’s/Guardian: ___________________________________ Date: ______________

Subject Teacher: Jermon B. Montenegro, LPT/ 09197235170