Universidad Politécnica de Yucatán

Computational Robotic Engineering

Fourth quarter

Hydraulic and Neumatic Systems

1st unit

“List neumatics systems”

Students:

Robotics 4B

Professor:

Omar Adrián Ortiz Monzón

Delivery date:

January 25th, 2024

 UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE YUCATAN
JANUARY – APRIL 2024
ROBOTICS ACADEMY

SUBJECT: Hydraulic and Neumatic Systems MADE: Omar Ortiz Monzon

List Neumatic Systems

Pneumatics is the part of technology that uses compressed air to produce useful work.
Compressed air is a form of storing mechanical energy, which can then be used to produce
work.
A pneumatic system generally uses an air compressor to reduce the volume of air, thereby
increasing the gas pressure. The pressurized gas travels through pneumatic hoses and is
controlled by valves on the way to the actuator.
The basic components or elements of a pneumatic system are almost universal, despite the
wide variety of specifications available for individual units. The following are the basic
components that make up each pneumatic system:

Number Name Symbol Picture

1 Valve of 3/2 NA/NC

2 Electro valve 5/2 bistable

1 Valvula 5/2 monostable

1 Electro valve 3/2 NC

 UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE YUCATAN
JANUARY – APRIL 2024
ROBOTICS ACADEMY

SUBJECT: Hydraulic and Neumatic Systems MADE: Omar Ortiz Monzon

1. Valve of 3/2 NA/NC

A 3/2 valve has three ports and two positions, controlling fluid flow in pneumatic or
hydraulic systems. In one position, it allows flow between ports, while in the other, it
blocks or redirects fluid. Commonly used in industrial applications, the valve's specific
functionality depends on its design, with options like normally open or normally closed
configurations.
2. Electro valve of 5/2 bistable
Spring-centered, direct-controlled plunger slide valve. Suitable for idle and reverse
operation. Pneumatic connection using quick threaded fitting for plastic tubes with an
external diameter of 4 mm. Symbols, port identification and connection position according
to DIN ISO 1219. This bistable solenoid valve from RS PRO is an energy-efficient way to
control the flow of air or gas through your pneumatic system. It will hold its current
position – either open or closed – until it receives another electric signal. This means it
doesn't require continuous current to remain in one position, saving you money and
reducing your energy consumption.
3. Valve of 5/2 monostable
A 5/2 way solenoid valve has five ports and two positions. It can be either normally
closed or normally open. When the valve is energized, it switches from one position to the
other, allowing fluid to flow through the different ports. Monostable valves have one signal
(air or in the case of solenoids, electric) that switches the valve when it is energized.
4. Electro valve 3/2 NC
An "Electrovalve 3/2 NC" refers to a 3/2-way Normally Closed solenoid valve. This
type of valve has three ports and two positions. In its default state (when not energized), the
valve is closed, blocking the flow. When energized, it opens, allowing fluid or gas to pass
through. Such valves are commonly used in pneumatic or hydraulic systems for controlling
actuators or other components.
 UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE YUCATAN
JANUARY – APRIL 2024
ROBOTICS ACADEMY

SUBJECT: Hydraulic and Neumatic Systems MADE: Omar Ortiz Monzon

Number Name Symbol Picture

1 Double Action Piston

2 Interrupter end of Caree

2
Pressure Gauge

3/2 Directional Spool Valve

2 Mechanical Operated

1 Maintenance Unit

5. Double Action Piston:

A versatile pneumatic component that operates in both directions, applying force during
both extension and retraction, offering enhanced control and flexibility in various
applications. This have a port at each end and move the piston forward and back by
alternating the port that receives the high-pressure air, necessary when a load must be
moved in both directions such as opening and closing a gate. Air pressure is applied
alternately to the opposite ends of the piston.
6. Interrupter End of Stroke:
A device positioned at the end of a pneumatic system's stroke to interrupt the motion,
preventing overextension or retraction, ensuring precise positioning, and protecting the
system from potential damage. Limit switches are contact proximity sensing devices
consisting of an actuator mechanically connected to a set of output contacts.
 UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE YUCATAN
JANUARY – APRIL 2024
ROBOTICS ACADEMY

SUBJECT: Hydraulic and Neumatic Systems MADE: Omar Ortiz Monzon

7. Pressure Gauge:
An essential instrument that measures the pressure within a pneumatic system, providing
real-time feedback to operators and enabling them to monitor and adjust pressure levels for
optimal performance. An air compressor pressure gauge is designed specifically for use
with air compressors. It is typically used to measure the pressure of the air in the
compressor's tank and the pressure of the air being released from the compressor. Air
compressor pressure gauges are often built with durable materials. They are designed to
withstand air compressor systems' high pressure and vibration.
8. 3/2 Directional Spool Valve (Mechanical Operated):
A spool valve with three ports and two positions, manually controlled to divert or block
airflow in a pneumatic system. Its mechanical operation allows for straightforward
adjustments and reliable directional control. Directional spool valves are a type of
directional valve. They control the direction of movement and the velocity of single and
double-acting hydraulic consumers. The range includes on/off directional spool valves,
proportional directional spool valves and valve combinations.
9. Maintenance Unit:
The modularly designed pneumatic maintenance units are available as individual
components or pre-configured in various designs and for different areas of application. This
means they can be expanded and adapted and are guaranteed to meet your individual
requirements. A combined unit that filters and regulates the air supply in a pneumatic
system. It ensures clean and consistent air pressure by removing contaminants and
adjusting pressure levels, contributing to the overall efficiency and longevity of the system.
Normally consisting of filter regulator and fog lubricator, are intended for cleaning
compressed air for workshop purposes from liquid and solid contamination, for pressure
regulation and for providing a fine oil spray for the lubrication for cylinders, valves,
pneumatic tools etc.
 UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE YUCATAN
JANUARY – APRIL 2024
ROBOTICS ACADEMY

SUBJECT: Hydraulic and Neumatic Systems MADE: Omar Ortiz Monzon

Number Name Symbol Picture

1 3/2 Way Valve

5/3 Pneumatic Pilot-Operated

1 Valve With Closed Centers

Diffuse Optical Proximity Sensor

1

5/2 Monostable Solenoid

1 Valve

1 3/2 Roller Spool Valve

10. 3/2-Way Valve:

A 3/2-way valve is a type of directional control valve commonly used in fluid systems
to control the flow of fluids, such as liquids or gases. The "3" and "2" in the term refer to
the number of ports and the number of positions the valve can asume.
11. 5/3 Pneumatic Pilot-Operated Valve with Closed Centers:
A 5/3 pneumatic pilot-operated valve with closed centers is a crucial component in
pneumatic systems, designed with five ports and three positions. In its closed center
configuration, the outlet ports remain closed, halting the airflow between them, while the
auxiliary exhaust ports are open to allow air exhaust. This valve plays an essential role in
precisely controlling pneumatic actuators, such as cylinders, by switching between rest,
closed center, and open center positions through pneumatic pressure signals, thus
facilitating efficient control of fluid flow in industrial applications and automated systems.
 UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE YUCATAN
JANUARY – APRIL 2024
ROBOTICS ACADEMY

SUBJECT: Hydraulic and Neumatic Systems MADE: Omar Ortiz Monzon

12. 3/2 Roller Spool Valve:

A 3/2 roller spool valve is a pneumatic device that controls the flow of air in automated
systems. This type of valve has three ports and two operating positions. The key component
is a roller that moves to open or close the connection between the different ports, thus
regulating the flow of air. The 3/2 configuration means there are three connections (two
inlets and one outlet) and two possible positions for the roller, allowing for the reversal of
the airflow. These valves are commonly used in industrial applications and automation
systems to control pneumatic cylinders and other actuators efficiently and precisely.
13. 5/2 Monostable Solenoid Valve:
A 5/2 monostable solenoid valve is an electrical control device used to regulate the flow
of air in automated systems. This type of valve has five ports and two operating positions.
The key component is a solenoid, which is an electromagnetic coil that, when energized,
moves a spool to open or close the valve ports, controlling the airflow. The 5/2
configuration indicates five connections (two inlets, two outlets, and one exhaust) and two
stable positions for the spool. This allows for the precise and reversible control of
pneumatic actuators in various industrial applications and automated systems.
14. Diffuse Optical Proximity Sensor:
A diffuse optical proximity sensor is an electronic device designed to detect the
presence or absence of an object based on the reflection of light. This sensor operates on
the principle of diffuse reflection, where light emitted by the sensor is scattered on the
object's surface and then detected by a receiver within the sensor. It functions by detecting
changes in the intensity of reflected light as an object approaches the sensor. This type of
sensor is commonly employed in automation and robotics for non-contact object detection.