DERIVATI¥ES AND INlrEGRAlS

Basic Differentiation Rules

d
I. ; r[cu] :::::l cu' 2. ![11 ± v] ""' 11' ± v' 3. - [uv] = uv' + vu'
dr
4. i_
dr l'
[!!.] = vu' v-~ uv' d
S. dr [c] = 0
d
6. dr[u"] = nll" - 1u'
d ,,
d
7. dx[x] == I 8. :r[I11 IJ = :: (11 '),
1 1
u *0 9. d
- [In 11] ""' -
r u
d ll' d
10. !!.[e"] = euu' 11. -d [log" u] = -(I n- a)11 12. dx[a"] = (In a)a"ll'
dr r

13. ! [sin u] = (cos u)u' 14. :r[cos 11] =- (sin u)u' 15. :r[tan u] = (sec2 11)11'
16. :~[cot u] = - (csc 2 u)u'
d
17. dr[sec u] = (sec 11 tan u)u'
d
18. dx[csc 11] ""' - (esc u cot u)11'

d u' d - u' d u'

19. -d [arcsin 11] =
r ...;1-u-
~ 20. -d [arccos u] = ~ - [arctan u]
21. d
r
= -1-+u-
-,
r ...; 1 - u-
d -u' d u' d - u'
22. -d [arccot u] = - --~ - [arcsec u]
23. d = Iu I...;~ 24. dx[arccsc 11] = I I ~
r 1 + u- r u- - 1 II ...; u- - I

25. : r [sinh 11] = (cosh u)11' 26. :r [cosh u] = (sinh u)11' 27. : r [tanh u] = (sech 2 u)u'
d d
28. : r [coth u] = - (csch2 u)u' 29. dr [sech u] = - (sech 11 tanh u)u' 30. dx [csch 11] "" - (csch u coth 11 )u '

31. dxd [sinh- 1 u] = k+u- 1

d
- [cosh- 1 u]
32. d
r
=~
~~- - I
II'
dr
d
33. - [tanh- 1 u] = - -,
1 - u-
,,

d ,, d -11' d - u'
34. - [coth- 1 11] = - - , 35. dx [sech- 1 u] = u~ 36. -d [csch- 1 u] = I I Jf+lj2
dx 1 - u- 1 - 11· r 11 I + u-
Basic Integration Formulas

1. Jkj(11) du = k fj(11) du 2. J [/(11) ± g(u)] du = Jf(u) du ± J g(11) du

3. Jdu = u +C 4. fa"du = Cnla)a" +C

5. Je" d11 ., e" + C 6. Jsin 11 du =- cos 11 +C

7. Jcos u du = sin 11 + C 8. fran 11 du = - In Ieos 11l +C

9. Jcot u du = !n isin ul + C 10. J sec 11 d11 = lnlsec 11 + tan u l + C

11. Jesc u du = - Jn lcsc 11 + cot ul + C 12. J sec 2 11 d11 = tan 11 +C

13. Jcsc-2 11 d11 =- cot 11 + C 14. J sec u tan 11 d11 = sec u + C

15. Jcsc u cot ud11 = - esc u + C 16.

f d11
.j ,
a·- u-
. 11
, == arcsm - + C
a
17.
f d11
al + u· a
I u
, = - arctan - + C
a
18.
f 11
.j ~
d11 I
, = - arcsec- + C
u- - a· a a
lui

© Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning

 TrRIG0NOMETRY

Definition of the Six Trigonometric Functions

Right triangle definitions, where 0 < 0 < Tr/2.
sin 0 = opp
hyp
esc 0 = hyp
opp (_!2' il)
2 --~-<o_._•> (4. 4)
d'
cos 0 = ~ sec 0 = yp
h (_:/l :!l.)
2 . 2 (4.¥)
hyp adj
d' (_il !) (4. ~)
tan (} = opp cot (} = ~ 2 •2
adj opp
Circular function definitions, where 0 is any angle. (-1.0)
.1'
sin(} = g esc(} =!:..
r= ../.t2+ y2 r )' (_il
2
-1)2
t

X
cos(} = -
r
sec(} = !:.
X (_:!l _:/l.)
2 • 2

(_!2' _il)
X

tan(} =- cot(} = ~
)'
X
2
)'

Reciprocal Identities Double -Angle Formulas

' .r = -1-
sm sec .t = - - tanx "" - -
1 =
sin 2u 2 sin u cos 11
esc x cos .r cotx cos 2u = cos2 11 - sin 2 11 = 2 cos2 u - I = I - 2 sin2 u
1 1 1 2 tan u
csc .r = - .- cosx =- -
sec x
cotx = - -
tan .r
tan 2u = ~
I - tan~ u
sm .r
Tangent and Cotangent Identities Power-Reducing Formulas
sin x cos .r I - cos 2u
tanx =- - cot .r = - .- sio2 u = - - - -
cosx smx 2
~ 1 + cos 2u
cos~ 11 =
Pythagorean Identities 2
sin 2 x + cos2 .t = 1 ~ I - cos 2u
tan- u = - - - -
1 + tan2 x = sec 2 x I + cot2 x = csc2 x 1 + cos 211
Cofunction Identities Sum-to-Product Formulas

sin(f - x) = cos x cos(f- x) = sinx . u + sm

sm . v = 2 sm (II v) cos ("- -2- v)
. - +-
2

csc(f- x) = secx tan(!!. r) = cot .r . u - sm

s•n . (II- -- ")
. v = .,- cos("- +- \') sm
2 - ' 2 2

sec(f- x) =esc x cot(f - x) = tan x

Reduction Formulas
sin(-x) =
-sinx cos(-x) = cosx Product-to-Sum Formulas
csc(-x) = -cscx tan(-x) = -tanx
sec(-x) = secx cot(-x) = - cot.r sin 11 sin v = k[cos(rt - v) - cos(u + v)]

Sum and Difference Formulas 1

cos 11 cos v "" 2[cos(u - v) + cos(11 + v)]
sin(u ± v) = sin u cos v ± cos u sin v
cos(u ± l') = cos u cos v + sin 11 sin v sin u cos v = ~[sin(u + v) + sin(u - v)]
tan 11 ± tan v
tan (u ± v) = .....;,;;;.;.;,;.;.-=-=---
1 + tan u tan '' cos 11 sin v ::::: ~[sin(u + v) - sin(11 - v)]

© Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning