CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research refers to any original and systematic investigation undertaken in order
to increase knowledge and to establish facts and principles. It is an organized
and systematic activity and may lead to new and improved insights,
development of new products and processes. Thus, research is an organized and
systematic way of finding answers to questions or finding solutions to problems.
Research is said to be systematic because, it involves the following of definite
set of steps in order to arrive at some conclusion.

RESEARCH
Research methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify,
select process, and analyse information about a topic.in a research paper, the
methodology section allows the reader to critically evaluate a study’s overall
validity and reliability.
Research means search of knowledge. It can be also define as a scientific and
systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. In fact research
is an art of scientific investigation. The advanced learner's dictionary of current
English lays down the meaning of research as "a careful investigation or inquiry
especially through search for new facts in any branch knowledge".

TYPES OF RESEARCH
A category of research design in which the investigation starts after the fact has
occurred without interference from the researcher

RESEARCH DESIGN
A research design is a plan that specifies the sources and types of information
relevant to the research problem. It is a strategy specifying which approach will
be used for gathering and analysing the data. A research design provides a
rational approach to research enabling one to decide in advance what to do, how
to do, when to do, in investigating the subject. It enables the researcher to carry
out the project within the given time, available means and manpower of
achievement of the objectives.
The research design is simply a specific presentation of the various steps
in the process of research. Design means adopting that of techniques of research
which is most suited for the research and study of the problem. By preparing a
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design the research can collect relevant information with minimum expenses
and minimum time. The research design depends on the research purpose.

PHASE OF RESEARCH DESIGN

DATA COLLECTION SOURCES

PRIMARY DATA
Primary data was collected by administering questionnaires to sample units and
conducting a pilot study to determine the value of the questionnaire.
 Questionnaire design
 Questionnaire management
 Scoring procedure
 Pilot study

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SECONDARY DATA
Secondary data would be collected from the Internet, industry journals and
magazines. This information and the previous research papers will help design
questionnaires and various attributes on which companies should be assessed.
The company's dealers also provided valuable information.

Tools analysis
Observation and descriptive survey methods used to collect the data about the
features, expectations, satisfaction, problems etc. the customers.

PROJECT DESIGN
The tool used for data collection in this project is PRIMARY DATA. The
secondary data tools used in the project are books and internet. I refused to
various articles and data on internet. The founding's of other people were also
used to achieve appropriate data. The secondary data thus collected helped to
get refined and reliable data. This Project report is made on the basis of
secondary data.

SAMPLING
Sampling is the process of obtaining information about an entire population by
examining only a part of it. In any investigation if data are collected only from a
representative part of the universe we say that the data are collected by
sampling. The representative part is called sampling.

Sampling Design
Sampling procedure refers to the procedure by which the respondents should be
chosen. In order to obtain a representative sample, convenience- sampling
method has been used in this study without any stratification to obtain a uniform
size of respondents.

Selection of Sample

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Sample can ideally be selected as percentage of total population of respondents
to increase the accuracy and reliability of the sample. Hence, a sample size of
50 respondents was appropriate to keep sample accurate as well as manageable.

Sampling Unit
The unit refers to the definitions of the particular person who is to be survey. In
this study the unit is the respondents, which are operating in.

Sampling Size
The present study was conducted on a sample size of "50".

DATA COLLECTION IN INSTRUMENT

PURPOSE OF QUESTIONNAIRE
They permit respondents time to consider their responses carefully without
interference from, for example, an interviewer.
 Cost. It is possible to provide questionnaires to large numbers of people
simultaneously.
 Uniformity. Each respondent receives the identical set of questions. With
closed-form questions, responses are standardised, which can assist in
interpreting from large numbers of respondents.
 Can address a large number of issues and questions of concern in a
relatively efficient way, with the possibility of a high response rate.
 Often, questionnaires are designed so that answers to questions are
scored and scores summed to obtain an overall measure of the attitudes
and opinions of the respondent. They may be mailed to respondents
(although this approach may lower the response rate).
 They permit anonymity. It is usually argued that anonymity increases the
rate of response and may increase the likelihood that responses reflect
genuinely bold opinions.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

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The following limitations are faced by the researcher during the study:
 Since sample size is only 50, which is not the true representative of the
study.
 Level of accuracy of the results of research is restricted to the accuracy
level with which the customers have given their answers and the
accuracy level cannot be predicted.
 Time constraint is also there.
 Due to the huge size of the population (sampling universe) covering the
whole country, it becomes almost impossible to cover all the places in
the given field of study.
 The results thus obtained are only an overview of the fields and
companies covered.
 The data collected and the results interpreted are what was done within 6
months and therefore may not reveal the depth of the situation.
 For ease of analysis, the percentage of respondents using the products
was taken as the market share of the particular product in that category.

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