EXPERIMENT 5

RC Triggering Circuit Half Wave

Expt No: Date:
AIM :
To Study and verify RC Triggering circuit of SCR

APPARATUSREQUIRED:
S.NO. COMPONENTS RANGE QUANTIT
Y

1 SCR TYN604 1

2 1φ TRANSFORMER 230/12 V/50Hz 1

3 RESISTORS 220ohm/100 Ω/ .5w 1

100 Ohm 10w 1

4 DIODE IN4001/BY127 1

5 CAPACITOR 0.1μF 1

6 POTENTIOMETER 1 M Ω/470KΩ/10K Ω 1

7 DIGITAL MULTI-
METER, TAG BOARD,
SOLDERING IRON ETC

8 CRO WITH PROBES 1

THEORY:

The limitation of resistance firing circuit can be overcome by the RC triggering circuit
which provides the firing angle control from 0 to 180 degrees. By changing the phase and
amplitude of the gate current, a large variation of firing angle is obtained using this
circuit.Below figure shows the RC triggering circuit consisting of two diodes with an RC
network connected to turn the SCR.By varying the variable resistance, triggering, or firing
angle is controlled in a full positive half cycle of the input signal.

During the negative half cycle of the input signal, capacitor charges with lower plate
positive through diode D2 up to the maximum supply voltage Vmax. This voltage remains at
-Vmax across the capacitor till supply voltage attains zero crossing.During the positive half
cycle of the input, the SCR becomes forward biased, and the capacitor starts charging through
variable resistance to the triggering voltage value of the SCR.When the capacitor charging
voltage is equal to the gate trigger voltage, SCR is turned ON and the capacitor voltage is
clamped to a small positive value.Therefore, the capacitor voltage is helpful for triggering the
SCR even after 90 degrees of the input waveform.

KSB IA LAB EXPT 6

 In this, diode D1 prevents the negative voltage between the gate and cathode during
the negative half cycle of the input through diode D2.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1) The connections are made as per the circuit diagram given above.
2) The R Load must be 100 ohm 10 watt resistor.
3) Turn ON the supply
4) Vary the Pot in Regular values to get different firing angles and observe the waveform
across the R load.
5) Measure the X-axis time interval of ON time of Load Voltage and OFF Time of Load
Voltage.
6) Measure the Vn and Vm and calculate α = SVn/Vm ¿
7) Adjust the value of Firing by varying the pot angle and note down the load voltage.
8) Repeat the experiment for different values of α and note down Vo by varying potentiometer.

Expected Graphs:

1) α= 30 degree

KSB IA LAB EXPT 6

2) α = 60 degree

TABULAR COLUMN:
Example: f = 50 Hz, T= 20ms, T/2 = 10ms
Vp = 12v

SL. ON time of Load OFF time of Load Firing Angle Average Load
NO. Voltage Voltage α (degree) Voltage Vo
TON (ms) TOFF (ms)
(volts)
1 10 0 0 12
2 8 2 36
3 6 4 72
4 5 5 90

KSB IA LAB EXPT 6

Calculation of triggering angle:
Examples:
T=20ms and it corresponds to 360o
So 1ms corresponds to: 360o/20 = 18o
If TOFF = 2ms ie.,α = 2 * 18o =36o
SL. ON time of Load OFF time of Load Firing Angle Conductio Average
NO. Voltage Voltage α (degree) n angle Load Voltage
TON (ms) TOFF (ms) Vo (volts)
degree
1 10 0 0
2 8 2 36
3 6 4 72
4 5 5 90

Second Method:
SL. Vn Volts Vm Volts Firing Angle Conduction Average Load
(degree) angle Voltage Vo (volts)
NO.
α ¿ Vn/Vm degree Vm/Π(1+cosα)
180 - α
1 10 0 0 12
2 8 2 36
3 6 4 72
4 5 5 90

RESULT:
RC Triggering circuit of SCR (Half wave) is rigged up and output waveforms have been plotted.

Signature of the Course Coordinator

Date Of Conduction

KSB IA LAB EXPT 6

 EXPERIMENT 5
RC Triggering Circuit Full Wave
Expt No: Date:
AIM :
To Study and verify Full wave RC Triggering circuit of SCR

COMPONENTS/APPARATUSREQUIRED:
S.NO. COMPONENTS RANGE QUANTITY

1 SCR TYN604 1

2 1φ TRANSFORMER 230/12 V/50Hz 1

3 RESISTORS 100 Ω/ half watt 1

100 Ohm 10w 1

4 DIODE IN4001/BY127 4 +1

5 CAPACITOR 0.1μF 1

6 POTENTIOMETER 1 M Ω/470KΩ/10K Ω 1

7 DIGITAL MULTI-METER, TAG

BOARD, SOLDERING IRON ETC

8 CRO WITH PROBES 1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

KSB IA LAB EXPT 6

THEORY:

The single phase full controlled convertor using four diodes (D1, D2, D3, D4).There,
have two modes of operations.
Mode 1: During the positive half cycle of the supply voltage, the diodesD1 and D2 are in
the forward biased condition and the diodes D3 and D4 are in the reverse biased condition.
In this mode, T1 and T2 conducts.
Mode 2: During the negative half cycle of the supply voltage, the diodesD3 and D4 are in the
forward biased condition and the diodes D3 and D4 are in the reverse biased condition. In
this mode, T1 and T2 conducts.
Thus, the output of the diode bridge is full wave DC. Which is then controlled using
an RC triggered SCR circuit as shown in the circuit diagram. By varying the firing angle of
SCR, the average DC voltage delivering to the load is controlled
PROCEDURE:
1) The connections are made as per the circuit diagram given above.
2) The R Load must be 100 ohm 10 watt resistor.
3) Turn ON the supply
4) Vary the Pot in Regular values to get different firing angles and observe the waveform
across the R load.
5) Measure the X-axis time interval of ON time of Load Voltage and OFF Time of Load
Voltage.
6) Measure the Vn and Vm and calculate α = SVn/Vm ¿
7) Adjust the value of Firing by varying the pot angle and note down the load voltage.
8) Repeat the experiment for different values of α and note down Vo by varying potentiometer.

KSB IA LAB EXPT 6

TABULAR COLUMN:
f = 50 Hz, T= 20ms, T/2 = 10ms
Vp = 12 v

1 First Method:
SL. ON time of Load OFF time of Load Firing Angle Β =1800-α Average Load
NO. Voltage Voltage α (degree) degrees Voltage Vo
TON (ms) TOFF (ms) (volts)
Ref Ref Ref Ref v
Value Value Value
1 10 0 0 24
2 8 2 36
3 6 4 72
4 5 5 90
5 3 7 126
6 1 9 162
7 0 10 180 0

2 Second Method:
SL. Vn Volts Vm Volts Firing Angle Conduction Average Load
(degree) angle degree Voltage Vo (volts)
NO.
α ¿ Vn/Vm 180 - α VL=Vm/Π(1+cosα)

Ref Ref Ref Ref

1 10 0 0 12
2 8 2 36
3 6 4 72
4 5 5 90

Expected Graphs:

1) α = 30 degree

KSB IA LAB EXPT 6

2) α = 60 degree

RESULT:
A single phase fully controlled Converter has been constructed and its response is plotted.

Sl No α= β= Average Load Voltage

Degrees Degrees VL = Volts

Signature of the Course Coordinator

Date Of Conduction

KSB IA LAB EXPT 6