EE80T – Modern Electronic Technology and How it Works

Ken Pedrotti Winter 2024

HOMEWORK #5

Please be sure to keep it neat and readable. Show your work where applicable.

1) Series Resonant Circuit [10 points] What is the resonant frequency of the circuit
below that is attached to the signal source? At very low frequencies (DC) what is
the impedance? At very high frequencies what value does the impedance
approach? What happens to the impedance at this resonant frequency (remember
this is a bit magical at the level of explanation we are using)? At what frequency,
resonant, high or low, will the most current be drawn from the signal source?
This is known as a series resonant circuit.

2 kΩ 2 mH

Signal 2 µF
Source

Circuit Terminals where the

2) Parallel Resonant Circuit [10 points]What is the resonant frequency of the parallel
resonant circuit below that is attached to the signal source? At very low
frequencies (DC) what is the impedance? At very high frequencies what value
does the impedance approach? What happens to the impedance at this resonant
frequency? At what frequency, resonant, high or low, will the most current be
drawn from the signal source?

Signal 2 kΩ 2 mH 2 µF
Source

Circuit Terminals where the

3) Radio Tuning[8] Next we will see how radio tuning works. The values used in
this example are what you might expect from an AM radio receiver

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The picture on the left above shows the schematic diagram of the first tuning
section of a crystal set. The funny thing that looks like a rake is one symbol
used for antennas. The picture on the right is the same circuit but the antenna
has been replaced by an equivalent circuit model (there are more accurate
ones to use but we are trying to keep things simple here). The source Vs
represents the signal produced by the received electromagnetic waves,
however if you try to draw too much current from your antenna the voltage
that you will see will decrease, to capture this we add the resistor Rs (this is
just like how we modeled batteries earlier). Now students are often confused
if circuits are drawn just a little bit differently than they are used to seeing
them so below we show the same circuit redrawn in a form that you might
find more familiar, convince yourself that this really is the same circuit.

The equivalent impedance of the RLC circuit acts like part of a voltage
divider, the antenna resistance Rs is the other part, so the amount of Vs that
we see at the output will depend on how the signal voltage is divided across
the two parts.

If Rs=100 Ohms, R0=1000 Ohms, C=0.159 micro Farads, L=0.159 micro

a) What is the resonant frequency of the RLC circuit?

b) What is the impedance of the RLC circuit at resonance?

c) What will Vout be at resonance? (Hint: this is a voltage divider)

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 d) Now we will see what the signal at the output would be for an adjacent
radio station that is broadcasting at a frequency that is 40 kHz lower in
frequency. To do this exactly is complicated but essentially as the received
frequency departs sufficiently from resonance either the impedance of the L or
C begins to be the lower and thus dominant impedance of the parallel
combination (remember the approximate impedance of a parallel combination
of impedances is just the smallest impedance, just like for resistors in
parallel). By the time you go to 40kHz below the resonant frequency the
impedance of the inductor will dominate the impedance of this parallel
combination. Calculate the inductor’s impedance at this frequency and again
using the fact that this acts like a voltage divider find Vo for this adjacent
interfering station. As you go to higher frequency the impedance of the
capacitor dominates and you get much the same result allowing you to receive
only the station that you want and reject the ones that you don’t.

4) [6 points] The detector, low-pass filter, and high-impedance earphone are now
added to get a complete radio. Assume the RF carrier frequency is 1MHz, the
signal is amplitude modulated with an audio signal that is musical note of “A
above middle C” which is 440 Hz, RF is 10KΩ, and CF = 0.05 µF. You may
assume that the amplitude of the demodulated signal after the diode is half the
amplitude of modulated carrier wave coming from the tuning circuit.

(a) Resketch the above circuit replacing everything to the left of RF by a 1mV
ac voltage source and representing the earphone by it’s impedance which in
this case is a 250 KΩ resistance. (We are essentially accounting for the effect
of the diode here by assuming that the amplitude of the signal after the diode
is half of that before, in actuality after the diode the actual signals would not
be like a modulated sine wave, but rather a more complicated waveform that
would depend on the diode turn-on voltage the amplitude of the signal into the
diode and the amount of modulation, to handle it correctly is messy). This is
approximately correct.
.

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 (b)What is the approximate output voltage for the musical note?

(c) What is the output voltage at the carrier frequency if the system is tuned
for 1 MHz? Again you may approximate to make the math simpler.

5) [8 points] For the following circuit , the input waveform is plotted below.
Draw the output waveform, that is, plot the voltage that would appear across
the output terminals (the voltage across the resistor) and the voltage across
the diode as a function of time. Make sure that you label the voltages and
times correctly.

Input 2 kΩ Output
waveform
terminals
generator

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6) [9 points] In the distant future the social order has broken down, war has
broken out and you have retreated to a mountain top along with a sizeable
amounts of armaments and fellow survivalists. For your personal air defense
you have constructed a radar from a stolen satellite dish, an automobile
ignition system, and an old television set (and knowledge you gained in
ECE80T of course).

a) Your radar detects a pulse reflected from an object 0.1ms after your radar
emitted the pulse. How far away is this unknown object? Give your answer in
both meters and miles. Remember the pulse has to travel out and back before
you detect it.

b) The reflection always seems to be coming from the same place (it doesn’t
appear to be moving side to side, or up or down). Fortunately, you included
Doppler capabilities in your radar which is indicating a frequency shift of 745
Hz toward higher frequencies. Is the object moving towards or away from
you? Assuming that your radar is emitting at a frequency of 1 GHz, what is
the speed of the object? Give your answer in both meters/sec and miles per
hour.

c) Given the speed and bearing of the object you conclude that this is likely a
cruise missile. How much time do you have to figure a way out of the
situation before you are turned into a fine red mist?

d) Finally, if you had not had the foresight to equip your radar with Doppler
sensing capability how else could you have determined the objects speed?