SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

UNDERSTANDING
CULTURE, SOCIETY,
AND POLITICS

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 HUMSS – Grade 11 and 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
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impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Developer/Contextualizer : REMUS CUIZON MARIÑAS

Editors/Reviewer : Alice Ganar

Gerlie N. Alberio
John Paul Lesondato
Marilou dela Cuesta
Daisy Von Dy
Roy Guarin

Language Editor : Edwin L. Perino

Illustrator : Jeger Baguio

Layout artist : Rubylina Mariñas

Management Team:
Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Ed.D., School Division Superintendent
Bernadette A. Susvilla, Ed.D., Asst. School Division Superintendent
Gracia F. Bataluna, Ed.D., Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Luis O. Derasin Jr., D.P.A., EPSvr – Araling Panlipunan
Vanessa Harayo, LLB - EPSvr. In-Charge of LRMS
Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education
Region VII CENTRAL VISAYAS
CEBU CITY DIVISION

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 11
12

Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics
FIRST QUARTER
MODULE 1

CONCEPT OF HUMAN
VARIATION

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Introductory Message

For the facilitator

Welcome to the Module of Understanding Culture Society and Politics, a core subject
of senior high students This module was collaboratively designed, developed and
reviewed by educators of Cebu City Division to assist you, the teacher or facilitator
in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 based on the MELC
(Most Essential Learning Competences) Curriculum while overcoming their personal,
social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

This Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Module is compose of (12) twelve
sets assign in every week for whole duration of the course. Every module is made to
tailored fit among the needs of each learners based on conceptual approach, concept
mapping, and graphic organizer

This module uses insights from Anthropology, Political Science, and Sociology to
develop students’ awareness of cultural, social and political dynamics, and
sensitivity to cultural diversity; provide them with an understanding of how culture,
human agency, society and politics work; and engage them in the examination of the
country’s current human development goals. At the end of the course, students
should acquire ideas about human cultures, human agency, society and politics;
recognize cultural relativism and social inclusiveness to overcome prejudices; and
develop social and cultural competence to guide their interactions with groups,
communities, networks, and institution.

You are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to
keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they
do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Alternative Delivery

Mode (ADM) Module. The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human
body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may
learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that
you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

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This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or

Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip
this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you

link the current lesson with the previous
one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as
a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener,
an activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding
and skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which

will help you transfer your new knowledge
or skill into real life situations or
concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

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 Additional In this portion, another activity will be
Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also tends
retention of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in

the module.
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

2. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
3. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
4. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

The salient features of this module are the following

 It provides the learners with a different graphic organizers on the

development of Self, Family, Society in understanding culture.

 It incorporates recent finding and analysis in the concept of gender but

not limited to feminism.

 It provides timely and significant events in the field of politics and other
social sciences as it bear the concept and paradigm in this module.

The performance standard of this module, the learner is able to

 Acknowledge human cultural variation, social differences, social change,

and political identities

 Adopt an open and critical attitude toward different social, political, and
cultural phenomena through observation and reflection

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 Appreciates the value of disciplines of Anthropology, Sociology, and
Political Science as social sciences

 Appreciate the nature of culture and society from the perspectives of

anthropology and sociology

 Demonstrate a holistic understanding of culture and society

 Values cultural heritage and express pride of place without being

ethnocentric

 Analyse key features of interrelationships of biological, cultural and socio

political processes in human evolution that can still be used and developed

 Identify norms and values to be observed in interacting with others in

society, and the consequences of ignoring these rules

 Assess the rules of social interaction to maintain stability of everyday life

and the role of innovation in response to problems and challenges

 Analyse aspects of social organization

 Identify one’s role in social groups and institutions

 Recognize other forms of economic transaction such as sharing, gift

exchange, and redistribution in his/her own society

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 QUARTER 1
MODULE 1 – WEEK
CONCEPT OF HUMAN VARIATION

Content Standard

 Human cultural variation, social differences, social change, and

political identities
 The significance of studying culture, society, and politics
 The rationale for studying anthropology, political science, and
Sociology

Performance Standard
 Acknowledge human cultural variation, social differences, social
change, and political identities
 Adopt an open and critical attitude toward different social, political,
and cultural phenomena through observation and reflection
 Appreciates the value of disciplines of Anthropology, Sociology, and
Political Science as social sciences

Learning Outcome
 Appreciate the value of the disciplines of anthropology, sociology and
political science as social sciences and adopt an open and critical
attitude toward different social, political and cultural phenomena
through a reflection on this module

Competency
 Discuss the nature, goal and perspectives in/of anthropology,
sociology and political science

What I Know

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read each item prudently, and choose the correct answer by writing
letter and the word/s in your answer sheet.

1. It refers to the set of attitudes and practices that an individual adheres to in

relation to the political systems and actors within his or her society.
A. Political Identity C. Personal Identity
B. Family Identity D. Religious Identity

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2. It refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities and attributes
that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.
A. Sex C. Religion
B. Gender D. Nationality

3. It is the identity that is tied to being part of a nation or country – a ‘’group of

people who share the same history, traditions and language’’ and who
inhabits in a particular territory delineated by a political border and
controlled by the government.
A. Gender C. Nationality
B. Sex D. Religion

4. It is the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power especially a

personal God or Gods.
A. Gender C. Nationality
B. Sex D. Religion

5. It is a biological characteristics of human such as male or female, man or

woman, boy or girl.
A. Gender C. Religion
B. Nationality D. Sex

6. Groups within the nation these are the smaller cultural groups that share
specific environments, traditions and histories that are not necessarily
subscribed by the mainstream culture.
A. Ethnic C. Religion
B. Nationality D. Sex

7. It is the range of possible values for any characteristic, physical or mental,

of human beings.
A. Human Identity C. Human Variation
B. Human Reaction D. Human Behavior

8. It is a strong belief in God or in the doctrines of a religion, based on spiritual

apprehension rather than proof.
A. Belief C. Faith
B. Faith D. Trust

9. The smallest unit of the society

A. Barangay C. Family
B. Community D. School

10. It is inclined to be sexually attracted to a person of the opposite sex.

A. Bisexual C. Homosexual
B. Heterosexual D. Polysexual

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 11. An adjective used by some people, particularly younger people, whose sexual
orientation is not exclusively heterosexual. Typically, for those who identify as
queer, the terms lesbian, gay, and bisexual are perceived to be too limiting
and/or fraught with cultural connotations they feel don’t apply to them.
A. Bisexual C. Lesbian
B. Gay D. Queer

12. Refers to the people have a gender identity or gender expression that differs
from their sex assigned at birth.
A. Bisexual C. Lesbian
B. Gay D. Trransgender

13. It is an attitude that something is the case, or that some proposition about
the world is true.
A. Belief C. Faith
B. Faith D. Trust

14. It is the transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation, or

the fact of being passed on in this way.
A. Customs Tradition C. Rituals
B. Practices D. Tradition

15. It is believing in the existence of multiple Gods.

A. Monotheistic C. Polytheistic
B. Microeistic D. Polemmoneistic

What I need to know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics.

The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.

The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order
in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using. In the next page is a series of picture that will describe the identity of person/s
in any form it may be.

Analyze and find out some differences you have observed to the pictures being
presented. You can write your answer in the space provided by this module may it
be a sentence a phrase or a word, or use a separate sheet as instructed by your
teacher.Focus on your visual preferences that you have observed when you look in
to the pictures being presented.

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 All pictures are being arranged according, to events, belief, life style, culture and
geographical location. What you need to remember is the physical variation of the
persons that are manifested in the picture being given.

MY OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/352617845796819104/ https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/filipino-family?

https://ihopeministries.org/islam-and-christianity-how-prayer- https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-
is-different/ 0000015508/download/

https://davidscommonplacebook.wordpress.com/
2016/05/09/dont-say-eskimo/

https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-
https://sites.psu.edu/egalbraithnutr/2015/10/22/is-social-
0000015508/download/
networking-working/

1. ____________________________ 6. ____________________________
2. ____________________________ 7. ____________________________
3. ____________________________ 8. ____________________________
4. ____________________________ 9. ____________________________
5. ____________________________ 10. ____________________________

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 What’s In
Gender is one of the reasons why we have unique personalities and it is also the reason
why discrimination happens. In our country gender issues is one of the most popular
topics being talked, as a member of society, what are the things you’ve notice about
gender issues?

DIRECTION: Using the concept mapping write the issues involving gender and your
recommendation to minimize such discrimination Sample is being provided for you to
guide in answering this portion.

ISSUES RECOMMENDATION

Build a rest room intended for

Transgender using female LGBTQ+ within public places
restroom

S
O
C
I
O
L
O
G
Y

Based on what you had been written on the activity on issues and concerns that you
have notice, experience, or observed, now conceptualized all those things by answering
this question.

What is Gender in a sociological perspective? Write your answer in the space provide
below. Wait a friendly reminder Erasures is not allowed do what you usually do in
answering this. The info graphic will help you in understanding gender sociological
perspective

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 What’s New

CROSSWORD : Fill in the missing word based on the definition that are being given. This
activity focuses on one of the social differences, the Sex and Gender.

ACROSS DOWNWARD

1. a gender identity or gender expression 1. romantically and sexually attracted to

that differs from their sex assigned at female
birth.
2. adjective used by some people whose
2. totally incapable of being attracted to sexual orientation is not exclusively
any sex heterosexual

3. refer to a man with genital value 3. refer to a woman with genital value

4. romantically and sexually attracted to

4. individuals who are attracted to the male
opposite sex
5. inclined to be sexually attracted to a
5. we have ______ responsibility of our person of the opposite sex
sexual preference
6. accommodates all types of gender
6. accommodates all types of gender

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 What is It

What you have written and observed on the previous page of this module are the physical
characteristics of human variation which can be observed through our sense of sight but
this time let go on the perspective of the definition of human variation and its types.

HUMAN VARIATION or, HUMAN VARIABILITY, is the range of possible values for any
characteristic, physical or mental, of human beings.
Frequently debated areas of variability include cognitive ability, personality, physical
appearance (body shape, skin color, etc.) and immunology. Variability is
partly heritable and partly acquired (nature vs. nurture debate). As the human species
exhibits sexual dimorphism, many traits show significant variation not just between
populations but also between the sexes.
Environment and history are two of the primary factors that shape the behavior of human
groups. This behavior, which serves as adaptive tool for the varied stimuli projected by
the environment, is influenced by beliefs, practices and material possessions. Through
constant practice, theses sets of behavior form human traditions, which are passed from
one generation to the other.

SOCIAL DIFFERENCES

Nationality and Ethnicity

 Nationality is the identity that is tied to being part of a nation or country – a ‘’group
of people who share the same history, traditions and language’’ and who inhabits
in a particular territory delineated by a political border and controlled by the
government.
 Ethnic Groups within the nation these are the smaller cultural groups that share
specific environments, traditions and histories that are not necessarily subscribed
by the mainstream culture.

GENDER refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities and attributes that
a given society considers appropriate for men and women.
There are people whose gender identities do not match on their biological identity as male
or female.

SEX biological characteristics of human such as male or female, man or woman, boy or
girl.

Types of Gender

1. LESBIAN - romantically and sexually attracted to female.

2. GAY- romantically and sexually attracted to male.

3. BISEXUAL - individuals who are attracted to the opposite sex.

4. TRANSGENDER - people have a gender identity or gender expression that differs

from their sex assigned at birth.

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 5. QUEER or QUESTIONING - An adjective used by some people, particularly
younger people, whose sexual orientation is not exclusively heterosexual.
Typically, for those who identify as queer, the terms lesbian, gay, and bisexual
are perceived to be too limiting and/or fraught with cultural connotations they
feel don’t apply to them.

a. HETEROSEXUAL is inclined to be sexually attracted to a person of the

opposite sex
b. HOMOSEXUAL person that is sexually attracted to the same sex.
c. ASEXUAL totally incapable of being attracted to any sex
d. POLYSEXUAL attracted to multiple types of gender identity.
e. PANSEXUAL accommodates all types of gender.

SOCIOECONOMIC CLASS

Three primary social classes exist in the Philippines: the low-income class, this is
equivalent to a monthly indicative income between PhP 19,040 and PhP 114,240. The
middle class, said a family of five is considered middle class if the household earns
anywhere between ₱23,381 and ₱140,284 per month, and the high-income class, your
family should be earning P200,000 a month or P2. 4 million a year to be considered
“rich” in the Philippines.

RELIGION - the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power especially a

personal God or Gods.

 MONOTHEISTIC believing in the existence of one God,

 POLYTHEISTIC believing in the existence of multiple Gods.

The religions in this book include Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism,

Sikhism, Taoism, Judaism, Confucianism, Bahá'í, Shinto, Jainism,
and Zoroastrianism

POLITICAL IDENTITY - refers to the set of attitudes and practices that an individual
adheres to in relation to the political systems and actors within his or her society
What’s more

Nationality and Ethnicity are the fundamentals of Human Variation, wherein we are
categorize by location, continental affiliation and races.

Filipinos as a Nationality is composed of different ethnicity from Ifugao of the north down
to the Tausog of the southern part of our archipelago. Using the graphic organizer below
fill-in or complete some ethnicity that embraces of being a Filipino, particularly in the
Visayas regions and how the perspective of anthropology differentiated us from other
races. Again constant reminder that erasures have no place in this module. It started with
an answer just continue doing it.

In the next page is an activity for you to understand Nationality and Ethnicity. Write your
answer on a separate sheet

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 Cebuano
Are you proud of being a Filipino?
_____________________________________
___________________

Anthropological Description of a
Filipino

1. We have a brown color skin

2. _________________________
3. _________________________
4. _________________________

Nationality

What I Have Learned

POLITICAL IDENTITY is another type of Human Variation in the definition given with
this module wherein it adhere political system and actors.

With all the necessary preparation, programs and governance being executed by our
government, in a political perspective will you agree or disagree the following statement
of our Government officials why and why not, you may support your answer with your
observation and experience in this time of pandemic.

Write your answer in the space provided or use a separate sheet of paper.

What is your opinion on the pronouncement of OPAV Secretary Michael Dino that Cebu
City of the Most Prepared City for this Pandemic?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

Are Cebuanos really hard headed as Stated by our President?

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

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 What I can Do
Religion unites people divide nation. This type of human variation differ on faith and
ideology that even the existence of God is being questioned. Knowing the current situation
of our country particularly in the southern part of the islands of Mindanao wherein
continuously the problem of peace is at risk

If you were to give your suggestion how the Christian and Muslims in Mindanao will unite
to attend a lasting peace amidst with their religious and political perspective. Write your
suggestion in the box being provided. Please be reminded to maintain the neatness of this
module.

MONOTHEISM

Assessment

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read each item prudently, and choose the correct answer by writing
letter and the word/s in your answer sheet.

1. It is believing in the existence of multiple Gods.

A. Monotheistic C. Polytheistic
B. Microeistic D. Polemmoneistic

2. It is an attitude that something is the case, or that some proposition about

the world is true.
A. Trust C. Faith
B. Confidence D. Belief

3. It is inclined to be sexually attracted to a person of the opposite sex.

A. Homosexual C. Bisexual
B. Heterosexual D. Polysexual

4. The smallest unit of the society

A. Barangay C. School
B. Family D. Community

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5. It is the transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation, or
the fact of being passed on in this way.
A. Tradition C. Practices
B. Customs D. Rituals

6. An adjective used by some people, particularly younger people, whose sexual

orientation is not exclusively heterosexual. Typically, for those who identify as
queer, the terms lesbian, gay, and bisexual are perceived to be too limiting
and/or fraught with cultural connotations they feel don’t apply to them.
A. Gay C. Lesbian
B. Bisexual D. Queer

7. It refers to the set of attitudes and practices that an individual adheres to in

relation to the political systems and actors within his or her society
a. Political Identity C. Personal Identity
b. Family Identity D. Religious Identity

8. It is the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power especially a

personal God or Gods.
A. Gender C. Nationality
B. Sex D. Religion

9. Groups within the nation these are the smaller cultural groups that share
specific environments, traditions and histories that are not necessarily
subscribed by the mainstream culture.
A. Nationality C. Sex
B. Ethnic D. Religion

10. Refers to the people have a gender identity or gender expression that differs
from their sex assigned at birth.
A. Transgender C. Bisexual
B. Gay D. Lesbian

11. It is a biological characteristics of human such as male or female, man or

woman, boy or girl.
A. Sex C. Gender
B. Nationality D. Religion

12. It is the identity that is tied to being part of a nation or country – a ‘’group of
people who share the same history, traditions and language’’ and who
inhabits in a particular territory delineated by a political border and
controlled by the government.
A. Gender c. Nationality
B. Sex d. Religion

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 13. It refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities and attributes
that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.
A. Sex C. Religion
B. Gender D. Nationality

14. It is the range of possible values for any characteristic, physical or mental,
of human beings.
A. Human Identity C. Human Variation
B. Human Reaction D. Human Behavior

15. It is a strong belief in God or in the doctrines of a religion, based on spiritual

apprehension rather than proof.
A. Belief C. Faith
B. Trust D. Confident

Additional Activities

Identify some major World Religion by their symbols use the description being given
below to identify their respective signs. Write your answer provided by this module. Or
on the separate sheet

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The wheel of Dharma is one of the most important religious Buddhist symbols. This
symbolises the Buddha's turning the Wheel of Truth or Law. The wheel refers to the story
that shortly after the Buddha achieved enlightenment.

The cross symbol, which is today one of the most widely recognised religious symbols in
the world is the earliest used Christian symbol. In the broadest sense it symbolizes the
religion of Christian. More specifically, it represents and memorializes Christ's death.

The Om is one of the most important religious symbols to Hindus. It is made up of three
Sanskrit letters. The syllable Om is composed of the three sounds a-u-m (in Sanskrit, the
vowels a and u coalesce to become o), which represent several important triads: the three
worlds of earth, atmosphere, and heaven; the three major Hindu gods

The star and crescent is the best-known symbol used to represent Islam. The symbol is
not Muslim in origin, it was a polytheistic icon adopted during the spread of Islam.

The six-pointed star of David, It is the best known religious symbol of the Jewish faith. The
sign is based on the shape of David’s shield or the symbol on his shield. The David star is
a relatively new symbol of Judaism, becoming popular only in the last 200 years. It is
named after King David, whom legend tells us had a shield with this star on it.

The Torii gate religious symbol, mark the entrance to sacred space. Representing the
transition between the finite world and the infinite world of the gods.

The most well-known Taoist religious symbol is the Yin and Yang symbol, a circle divided
into two swirling sections, one black and the other white. The symbol represent perfect
harmonic balance.

The special Sikh religious symbol is made up of three images: The Khanda, which is a
double edged sword. This represents the belief in one God. The Chakkar, like the Kara it
is a circle representing God without beginning or end and reminding Sikhs to remain within
the rule of God. Two crossed kirpans representing spiritual authority and political power.

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 References
5

Books
Gonzales, Maria Carinnes P. et. al Understanding Culture, Society, and
Politics.,Diwa Learning System Inc., 2016 pp. 3-12

Aguilar, Maria Virginia G. et. al Society, Culture and Politcs., The Phoenix
Publishing House Inc., 2016 pp. 3-15, 20 – 25

Lanuza, Gerry M. et. al Understanding Culture, Society, and Politcs., Rex Book
Store and Printing Company Inc., 2016 pp. 2-23,

Online Resources

https://ucspsite.wordpress.com/page/

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-relationship-of-culture-society-and-politics

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1468-4446.12613

http://religious-symbols.net/sikh-symbols.html

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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