ENGINEERING Solved Papers

MATHEMATICS GATE 2023

Q. 4. Let f and g be functions of natural numbers

2023 given by f(n) = n and g(n) = n2.
Which of the following statements is/are
COMPUTER SCIENCE (CS) TRUE?
(a) f ∈ O(g) (b) f ∈ W(g)
Q. 1. The Lucas sequence Ln is defined by the
(c) f ∈ o(g) (d) f ∈ q(g)
recurrence relation:
Q. 5. Let A be the adjacency matrix of the graph
Ln = Ln – 1 + Ln – 2, for n ≥ 3, with L1 = 1 and
with vertices {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
L2 = 3.
Which one of the options given is TRUE?
n n
æ1+ 5 ö æ1- 5 ö
(a) Ln = ç +
ç 2 ÷÷ çç 2 ÷÷
è ø è ø
n n
æ1+ 5 ö æ1- 5 ö
(b) Ln = ç -
ç 2 ÷÷ çç 3 ÷÷
è ø è ø
n n
æ1+ 5 ö æ1- 5 ö
(c) Ln = ç +
ç 2 ÷÷ çç 3 ÷÷
è ø è ø
n n
æ1+ 5 ö æ1- 5 ö
(d) Ln = ç - Let l1, l2, l3, l4, and l5 be the five eigen values
ç 2 ÷÷ çç 2 ÷÷ of A. Note that these eigen values need not be
è ø è ø
distinct.
é1 2 3 4ù é3 4 1 2ù
ê4 The value of l1 + l2 + l3 + l4 + l5 = ______.
ê4 1 2 3 úú ê 1 2 3 úú
Q. 2. Let A = ê and B = Q. 6. The value of the definite integral
ê3 4 1 2ú ê1 2 3 4ú
ê ú ê ú 3 2 1
ë2 3 4 1û ë2 3 4 1û
ò ò ò (4 x
2
y - z 3 ) dzdydx is _____________.
Let det(A) and det(B) denote the determinants -3 -2 -1

of the matrices A and B, respectively. Which (Rounded off to the nearest integer)
one of the options given below is TRUE? Q. 7. Let U = {1, 2, ..., n}, where n is a large positive
(a) det(A) = det(B) integer greater than 1000. Let k be a positive
(b) det(B) = –det(A) integer less than n. Let A, B be subsets of U
(c) det(A) = 0 with |A| = |B| = k and A ∩ B = f.
(d) det(AB) = det(A) + det(B) We say that a permutation of U separates A
3 2
Q. 3. Let f(x) = x + 15x – 33x – 36 be a real-valued from B if one of the following is true.
function. (a) n!
Which of the following statements is/are ænö
TRUE? (b) ç ÷ ( n - 2 k )!
è 2k ø
(a) f(x) does not have a local maximum.
(b) f(x) has a local maximum. ænö 2
(c) ç ÷ ( n - 2 k )! ( k !)
(c) f(x) does not have a local minimum. 2
è øk
(d) f(x) has a local minimum.
22OSWAAL GATE Chapter-wise & Topic-wise Solved Papers ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

ænö for i = 1, ..., n

2
(d) 2 ç ÷ ( n - 2 k )! ( k !) color(vi) ← min {j ∈ N : no neighbour of vi is
2
è øk
colored j}
Q. 8. Let f : A → B be an onto (or surjective) Which of the following statements is/are
function, where A and B are non-empty sets. TRUE?
Define an equivalence relation - on the set A (a) This procedure results in a proper vertex
as coloring of G.
a1 ~ a2 if f(a1) = f(a2), (b) The number of colors used is at most
where a1, a2 ∈ A. Let ∈ = {[x]: x ∈ A} be the D(G) + 1.
set of all the equivalence classes under ~. (c) The number of colors used is at most
Define a new mapping F : ∈ → B as D(G).
F([x]) = f(x), for all the equivalence classes [x] (d) The number of colors used is equal to the
in ∈. chromatic number of G.

Which of the following statements is/are Q. 12. Let U = {1, 2, 3}. Let 2U denote the power set
TRUE? of U. Consider an undirected graph G whose
U U
(a) F is NOT well-defined. vertex set is 2 . For any A, B ∈ 2 , (A, B) is
(b) F is an onto (or surjective) function. an edge in G if and only if (i) A ≠ B, and (ii)
either A ⊆ B or B ⊆ A. For any vertex A in G,
(c) F is a one-to-one (or injective) function.
the set of all possible orderings in which the
(d) F is a bijective function.
vertices of G can be visited in a Breadth First
Q. 9. Let X be a set and 2X denote the power set of Search (BFS) starting from A is denoted by
X. B(A).
Define a binary operation D on 2X as follows: If f denotes the empty set, then the cardinality
A D B = (A – B) ∪ (B – A) of B(f) is ____________ .
Let H = (2X, D). Which of the following
statements about H is/are correct?
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (ME)
(a) H is a group.
Q. 13. The figure shows the plot of a function over
(b) Every element in H has an inverse, but H the interval [–4, 4]. Which one of the options
is NOT a group. given CORRECTLY identifies the function?
(c) For every A ∈ 2X, the inverse of A is the
complement of A.
(d) For every A ∈ 2X, the inverse of A is A.
Q. 10. Consider a random experiment where two
fair coins are tossed. Let A be the event that
denotes HEAD on both the throws, B be the
event that denotes HEAD on the first throw,
and C be the event that denotes HEAD on
the second throw. Which of the following (a) |2 – x| (b) |2 – |x||
statements is/are TRUE? (c) |2 + |x|| (d) 2 – |x|
(a) A and B are independent.
Q. 14. Which one of the options given represents
(b) A and C are independent.
the feasible region of the linear programming
(c) B and C are independent.
model:
(d) Prob (B|C) = Prob(B)
Maximize 45x1 + 60X2
Q. 11. Let G be a simple, finite, undirected graph
x1 ≤ 45
with vertex set {v1, ..., vn}. Let D(G) denote the
maximum degree of G and let N = {1, 2, ...} x2 ≤ 50
denote the set of all possible colors. Color 10x1 + 10x2 ≥ 600
the vertices of G using the following greedy 25x1 + 5x2 ≥ 750
strategy:
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS SOLVED PAPER 2023 23
Q. 18. Which one of the options given is the inverse
1
Laplace transform of 3 ?
S -S
u(t) denotes the unit-step function.
æ 1 -t 1 t ö
(a) ç -1 + e + e ÷ u(t )
è 2 2 ø
æ1 ö
(b) ç e -t - e t ÷ u(t )
è3 ø
(a) Region P (b) Region Q 1 1
(c) æç -1 + e -( t -1) + e( t -1) ö÷ u(t - 1)
(c) Region R (d) Region S è 2 2 ø
Q. 15. A vector field 1 1
(d) æç -1 - e -( t -1) - e( t -1) ö÷ u(t - 1)
B( x , y , z ) = xiˆ + yjˆ - 2 zkˆ è 2 2 ø
Q. 19. The smallest perimeter that a rectangle with
is defined over a conical region having height
area of 4 square units can have is _________
h = 2, base radius r = 3 and axis along z, as
units. (Answer in integer)
shown in the figure. The base of the cone lies
in the x-y plane and is centered at the origin. Q. 20. Consider the second-order linear ordinary
If n denotes the unit outward normal to the differential equation
curved surface S of the cone, the value of the d2 y dy
integral. x2 +x - y = 0, x ³ 1
dx 2 dx
ò B · ndS with the initial conditions
S
dy
equal ___________. [answer in integer] y( x = 1) = 6, =2
dx x =1

the value of y at x = 2 equals _________.

[Answer in integer]
Q. 21. The initial value problem
dy
+2y = 0, y(0) = 1
dt
is solved numerically using the forward
Euler’s method with a constant and positive
time step of Dt.
Let Yn represent the numerical solution
Q. 16. A linear transformation maps a point (x, y) in obtained after n steps. The condition
the plane to the point ( xˆ, yˆ ) according to the |yn+1| ≤ |yn| is satisfied if and only if .tit does
rule not exceed _________. (Answer in integer)
xˆ = 3 y , yˆ = 2 x
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (EE)
Then, the disc x2 + y2 ≤ 1 gets transformed to
a region with an are equal to _____. (Rounded Q. 22. For a given vector w = [1 2 3]T, the vector
off to two decimals) Use p = 3.14. normal to the plane defined by wTx = 1 is
Q. 17. The value of k that makes the complex-valued (a) [–2 –2 2]T (b) [3 0 –1]T
T
function (c) [3 2 1] (d) [1 2 3]T
f(z) = e–kx (cos 2y – i sin 2y) Q. 23. The Fourier transform X(w) of the signal x(t)
is given by
analytic, where z = x + iy, is _______. [Answer
in integer] X(w) = 1, for |w| < W0
= 0, for |w| > W0
24OSWAAL GATE Chapter-wise & Topic-wise Solved Papers ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
Which one of the following statements is Q. 27. Consider the following equation in a 2-D
true? real-space.
(a) x(t) tends to be an impulse as W0 → ∞. |x1|p + |x2|p = 1 for p > 0
(b) x(0) decreases as W0 increases. Which of the following statement(s) is/are
p 1 true.
(c) At t = , x( t ) = -
2W0 p (a) When p = 2, the area enclosed by the
curve is p.
p 1
(d) At t = , x( t ) = (b) When p tends to ∞, the area enclosed by
2W0 p the curve tends to 4.
Q. 24. The Z-transform of a discrete signal x[n] is (c) When p tends to 0, the area enclosed by
4z the curve is 1.
X( z) = with ROC = R
æ 1öæ 2ö (d) When p = 1, the area enclosed by the
ç z - 5 ÷ ç z - 3 ÷ ( z - 3) curve is 2.
è øè ø
Q. 28. Consider the state-space description of an
Which one of the following statements is
LTI system with matrices
true?
(a) Discrete-time Fourier transform of x[n] é0 1ù é0 ù
A=ê ú , B = ê ú , C = [3 -2], D = 1
converges if R is |z| > 3. ë -1 -2 û ë1 û
(b) Discrete-time Fourier transform of x[n]
2 For the input, sin(wt), w > 0, the value of
converges if R is < |z| < 3. w for which the steady-state output of the
3
system will be zero, is _______ (Round off to
(c) Discrete-time Fourier transform of x[n]
the nearest integer).
converges if R is such that x[n] is a left-
sided sequence. Q. 29. The discrete-time Fourier transform of a
(d) Discrete-time Fourier transform of x[n] signal x[n] is X(W) = (1 + cos W) e–jW. Consider
converges if R is such that x[n] is a right that xp[n] is a periodic signal of period N = 5
sided sequence. such that
Q. 25. In the figure, the vectors u and v are related xp[n] = x[n], for n = 0, 1, 2
as: Au = v by a transformation matrix A. The = 0, for n = 3, 4
correct choice of A is N -1 j
2p
kn
Note that x p [n] = å ak e N . The magnitude
k =0
of the Fourier series coefficient a3 is ________
(Round off to 3 decimal places).
Q. 30. The closed curve shown in the figure is
described by r = 1 + cos q,
where r = x 2 + y 2 ; x = r cos q, y = r sin q.
é 4 3ù é4 3ù The magnitude of the line integral of the
ê 5 - ú
5ú ê5 5 vector field F = - yiˆ + xjˆ around the closed
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú
ê- 3 4ú ê3 4 ú curve is ___________ (Round off to 2 decimal
êë 5 5 úû êë 5 5 úû places).
é4 3ù é4 3ù
ê ê5 - ú
(c) ê 5 5ú (d) ê
5
ú ú
ê3 4ú ê3 -
4ú
ëê 5 5 ûú ëê 5 5 ûú
Q. 26. Three points in the x-y plane are (–1, 0.8),
(0, 2.2) and (1, 2.8). The value of the slope of
the best fit straight line in the least square
sense is _________ (Round off to 2 decimal
places).
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS SOLVED PAPER 2023 25
2
Q. 31. A quadratic function of two variables is given as Q. 37. The Fourier transform X(w) of x(t) = e–t is
f ( x1 , x 2 ) = x12 + 2 x 22 + 3x1 + 3x 2 + x1 x 2 + 1 ¥
- y2
Note: òe dy = p
The magnitude of the maximum rate of -¥
change of the function at the point (1,1) is w2 -
w2
________ (Round off to the nearest integer). e 4
(a) p e2 (b)
2 p
ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION (EC)
w2
w2
- -
(c) pe 4 (d) pe 2
é1 ù é2 ù
ê ú
Q. 32. Let V1 = ê 2 ú and V2 = êê 1 úú be two vectors. Q. 38. The value of the line integral
êë 0 úû êë 3 úû Q

ò (z
2
The value of the coefficient a in the expression dx + 3 y 2 dy + 2 xz dz ) along the straight
P
V1 = aV2 + e, which minimizes the length of
line joining the points P(1, 1, 2) and Q(2, 3, 1)
the error vector e, is
is:
7 2 (a) 20 (b) 24
(a) (b) -
2 7 (c) 29 (d) –5
2 7 Q. 39. Let x be an n × 1 real column vector with
(c) (d) -
7 2
length l = x T x . The trace of the matrix P =
Q. 33. The rate of increase, of a scalar field f(x, y, z) xxT is
= xyz in the direction v = (2, 1, 2) at a point l4
(0, 2, 1) is (a) l2 (b)
4
2 4
(a) (b) l2
3 3 (c) l (d)
2
(c) 2 (d) 4
Q. 34. Let w4 = 16j. Which of the following cannot Q. 40. The value of the integral òò xy dx dy over
R
be a value of w?
the region R, given in the figure, is _______.
j2p jp
(rounded off to the nearest integer).
(a) 2e 8 (b) 2e 8
j 5p j9p
(c) 2e 8 (d) 2 e 8

Q. 35. The value of the contour integral,

æ ö
ç z+2 ÷
ò çççè z 2 + 2 z + 2 ÷÷÷÷ø dz where the contour C is
c

ì 3 ü
í z : z + 1 - j = 1ý taken in the counter
î 2 þ Q. 41. Let x1(t) = u(t + 1.5) – u(t – 1.5) and x2(t)
clockwise direction, is is shown in the figure below. For y(t) =
(a) –p(1 + j) (b) p(1 + j) ¥
(c) p(1 – j) (d) –p(1 – j) x1(t)  • x2(t), the ò y(t) dt is __________.
-¥
Q. 36. Let the sets of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of (rounded off to the nearest integer)
a matrix B be {lk | 1 ≤ k ≤ n} and {vk | 1 ≤ k
≤ n}, respectively. For any invertible matrix P,
the sets of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the
matrix A, where B = P–1 AP, respectively, are
(a) {lk det(A) | 1 ≤ k ≤ n} and{Pvk | 1 ≤ k ≤ n}
(b) {lk | 1 ≤ k ≤ n} and{vk | 1 ≤ k ≤ n}
(c) {lk | 1 ≤ k ≤ n} and{Pvk | 1 ≤ k ≤ n}
(d) {lk | 1 ≤ k ≤ n} and{P–1vk | 1 ≤ k ≤ n}
26OSWAAL GATE Chapter-wise & Topic-wise Solved Papers ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
(a) x(t) = sin(pt)u(t)
INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING (IN)
æ pö
(b) x(t ) = sin ç pt + ÷ u(t )
Q. 42. Choose solution set S corresponding to the è 2ø
systems of two equations æ pö
(c) x(t ) = sin ç pt - ÷ u(t )
x – 2y + z = 0 è 2ø
x–z=0 æ pö
(d) x(t ) = cos ç pt + ÷ u(t )
Note: R denotes the set of real numbers è 2ø
ì æ1ö ü
ï ç ÷ ï 1
(a) S = ía 1 a Î R ý Q. 46. What is lim f ( x ) , where f(x) = x sin ?
ç ÷ x ®¥ x
ï ç1÷ ï
î è ø þ (a) o (b) 1
(c) ∞ (d) Limit does not exist
ì æ1ö æ1ö ü
ï ç ÷ ç ÷ ï Q. 47. The number of zeros of the polynomial P(s)
(b) S = ía ç 1 ÷ + b ç 0 ÷ a , b Î R ý
ï ç1÷ ç1÷ ï = s3 + 2s2 + 5s + 80 in the right-half plane is
î è ø è ø þ _________.
ì æ1ö æ2ö ü Q. 48. Let y(t) = x(4t), where x(t) is a continuous-
ï ç ÷ ç ÷ ï time periodic signal with fundamental
(c) S = ía ç 1 ÷ + b ç 1 ÷ a , b Î R ý
ï ç1÷ ç2÷ ï period of 100s. The fundamental period of
î è ø è ø þ y(t) is _________s (rounded off to the nearest
integer).
ì æ1ö ü
ï ç ÷ ï Q. 49. X is a discrete random variable which takes
(d) S = ía ç 0 ÷ a Î R ý
ï ç1÷ ï values 0, 1 and 2. The probabilities are
î è ø þ P(X = 0) = 0.25 and P(X = 1) = 0.5. With E[ . ]
denoting the expectation operator, the value
1 of E[X] – [X2] is __________(rounded off to
Q. 43. F(z) = when expanded as a power
1-z one decimal place).
series around z = 2, would result in Q. 50. The Laplace transform of the continuous-
¥
F( z ) = å ak ( z - 2)k with the region time signal x(t) = e–3t u(t – 5) is_______, where
k =0 u(t) denotes the continuous-time unit step
of convergence (ROC)|z – 2| < 1. The signal.
e -5 s
coefficients ak ≥ 0, are given by the expression (a) , Real {s} > –3
s+3
_________.
(a) (–1)k (b) (–1)k+1 e -5( s -3)
(b) , Real {s} > –3
1
k
-1
k +1 s-3
(c) æç ö÷ (d) æç ö÷
è2ø è 2 ø e -5( s + 3)
(c) , Real {s} > –3
Q. 44. The solution x(t), t ≥ 0, to the differential s+3
equation x = - kx , k > 0 with initial conditions e -5( s -3)
(d) , Real {s} > –3
x(0) = 1 and x (0) = 0 is s+3
(a) x(t) = 2e–kt + 2kt – 1
1- z
(b) x(t) = 2e–kt + 1 Q. 51. Let f(z) = j , where z denotes a
1+ z
(c) x(t) = 1
complex number and j denotes −1 . The
(d) x(t) = 2e–kt – kt – 1
inverse function t–1(z) maps the real axis to
Q. 45. A system has the transfer-function the_________.
Y ( s) s - p (a) unit circle with centre at the origin
= . Let u(t) be the unit-step
X ( s) s + p (b) unit circle with centre not at the origin
function. The input x( that results in a steady- (c) imaginary axis
state output y(t) = sin pt is ________. (d) real axis
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS SOLVED PAPER 2023 27
Q. 52. How many five-digit numbers can be formed Q. 59. For a two-dimensional plane, the unit vectors,
using the integers 3, 4, 5 and 6 with exactly (ˆer , ˆeq ) of the polar coordinate system and
one digit appearing twice?
(ˆi , ˆj ) of the cartesian coordinate system, are
Q. 53. Five measurements are made using a related by the following two equations.
weighing machine, and the readings are 80
kg, 79 kg, 81 kg, 79 kg and 81 kg. The sample ˆer = cos qˆi + sin qˆj
standard deviation of the measurement is ˆe = - sin qˆi + cos qˆj
q
________ kg (rounded off to two decimal
Which one of the following is the CORRECT
places).
¶(ˆer + ˆeq )
Q. 54. Consider the real-valued function g(x) = value of ?
¶q
max{(x – 2)2, –2x + 7}, where x ∈ (–∞, ∞). The
(a) 1 (b) 8a
minimum value attained by g(x) is __________
(rounded off to one decimal place). (c) er + eq
ˆ ˆ (d) -ˆer + ˆeq

Q. 55. The rank of the matrix A given below is one. Q. 60. The position x(t) of a particle, at constant w, is
a described by the equation
The ratio is ________ (rounded off to the
b d2x
 1 A = - w2 x
dt 2
nearest integer). A =  −3 α 
  The initial conditions are x(t = 0) = 1 and
 β 6 
dx
= 0 then position of particle at t =
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (CH) dt t = 0

Q. 56. Which one of the following is the CORRECT æ 3p ö

ç w ÷ is ___________ (in integer).
value of y, as defined by the expression given è ø
below? Q. 61 An exhibition was held in a hall on 15 August
2x 2022 between 3 PM and 4 PM during which
v̂ = lim
x ®0 e x -1 any person was allowed to enter only once.
Visitors who entered before 3:40 PM exited the
(a) 1 (b) 2 hall exactly after 20 minutes from their time
(c) 0 (d) ∞ of entry. Visitors who entered at or after 3:40

Q. 57. The vector v is defined as PM, exited exactly at 4 PM. The probability
 distribution of the arrival time of any visitor
v = zxiˆ + 2 xyjˆ + 3 yzkˆ
is uniform between 3 PM and 4 PM. Two
Which one of the following is the CORRECT persons X and Y entered the exhibition hall

value of divergence of v , evaluated at the independent of each other. Which one of the
point (x, y, 0) = (3, 2, 1)? following values is the probability that their
(a) 0 (b) 3 visits to the exhibition overlapped with each
(c) 14 (d) 13 other?
Q. 58. Given that 5 4
(a) (b)
| z1 + z2 | 9 9
F=
| z1 | + | z2 | 2 7
(c) (d)
9 9
where z1 = 2 + 3i and z2 = -2 + 3i with i =
-1 which one of the following options is Q. 62. Simpson’s one-third rule is used to estimate
CORRECT? the definite integral
(a) F < 0 (b) F < 1 1

(c) F > 0 (d) F = 1 I= ò (1 - x 2 ) dx

-1
with an interval length of 0.5. Which one of
the following is the CORRECT estimate of I
obtained using this rule?
28OSWAAL GATE Chapter-wise & Topic-wise Solved Papers ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1 1 1 2 Q. 69. For the matrix

(a) - (b) +
3 3 3 3 é1 2 3 ù
1 1 1 2 [A] = ê3 2 1 ú
(c) + (d) - ê ú
3 3 3 3 êë3 1 2 úû
Which of the following statements is/are
é10 6 ù
Q. 63. If a matrix M is defined as M = ê ú , the TRUE?
ë 6 10 û (a) The eigenvalues of [A]T are same as the
sum of all the eigenvalues of M3 is equal to eigenvalues of [A]
_________ (in integer). (b) The eigenvalues of [A]–1 are the
Q. 64. The first derivative of the function reciprocals of the eigenvalues of [A]
(c) The eigenvectors of [A]T are same as the
éæ 1 ö12 æ 1 ö6 ù
U ( r ) = 4 êç ÷ - ç ÷ ú eigenvectors of [A]
ëêè r ø è r ø ûú (d) The eigenvectors of [A]–1 are same as the
evaluated at r = 1 is ________ (in integer). eigenvectors of [A]
Q. 70. For the function f(x)= ex|sin x|, x ∈ R which
CIVIL ENGINEERING (CE) P1 of the following statements is/are TRUE?
(a) The function is continuous at all x
Q. 65. For the integral (b) The function is differentiable at all x
1
1 (c) The function is periodic
I= ò 2 dx (d) The function is bounded
-1
Q. 71. The differential equation,
which of the following statements is TRUE?
du
(a) I = 0 + 2tu2 = 1,
(b) I = 2 dt
(c) I = –2 is solved by employing a backward
difference scheme within the finite difference
(d) The integral does not converge
framework. The value of u at the (n – 1)th time-
Q. 66. The following function is defined over the step, for some n, is 1.75. The corresponding
interval [– L, L]: time (t) is 3.14 s. Each time step is 0.01 s long.
F(x) = px4 + qx5 Then, the value of (un – un–1) is ________.
If it is expressed as a Fourier series, which (round off to three decimal places).
options amongst the following are true?
(a) an, n =1, 2, ..., ∞ depend on p CIVIL ENGINEERING (CE) P2
(b) an, n =1, 2, ..., ∞ depend on q
Q. 72. For the matrix
(c) bn, n =1, 2, ..., ∞ depend on p
(d) bn, n =1, 2, ..., ∞ depend on q é 1 -1 0 ù
ê ú
[A] = ê -1 2 -1ú
Q. 67. The probabilities of occurrences of two
êë 0 -1 1 úû
independent events A and B are 0.5 and
0.8, respectively. What is the probability of which of the following statements is/are
occurrence of at least A or B (rounded off to TRUE?
one decimal place)? _____________. (a) [A]{x} = {b} has a unique solution
dy (b) [A]{x} = {b} does not have a unique
Q. 68. In the differential equation + axy = 0, is a solution
dx
positive constant. If y =1.0 at x = 0.0, and y = (c) [A] has three linearly independent
0.8 at x = 1.0, the value of a is _______________ eigenvectors
(rounded off to three decimal places). (d) [A] is a positive definite matrix
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS SOLVED PAPER 2023 29
Q. 73. The solution of the differential equation Q. 75. Cholesky decomposition is carried out on the
following square matrix [A].
d3 y d2 y dy
- 5.5 + 9.5
- 5y = 0
dx3
dx 2 dx é 8 -5 ù
[A] = ê ú
is expressed as y = C1e2.5x+ C2eax, C3ebx where ë -5 a22 û
C1, C2, C3, a, and b are constants, with a and Let Lij and Aij be the (i, j)th elements of matrices
b being distinct and not equal to 2.5. Which of [L] and [A], respectively. If the element l22 of
the following options is correct for the values the decomposed lower triangular matrix [L]
of a and b? is 1.968, what is the value (rounded off to the
(a) 1 and 2 nearest integer) of the element a22?
(b) –1 and –2 (a) 5 (b) 7
(c) 2 and 3 (c) 9 (d) 11
(d) –2 and –3
Q. 74. Two vectors [2 1 0 3]T and [1 0 1 2]T belong
to the null space of a 4 × 4 matrix of rank 2.
Which one of the following vectors also
belongs to the null space?
(a) [1 1 –1 1]T (b) [2 0 1 2]T
T
(c) [0 –2 1 –1] (d) [3 1 1 2]T

Answer Key
Q. No. Answer Topic Name Chapter Name
Linear Higher Order Differen-
1 (a) Finding CI and PI
tial Equations
2 (a) Determinants Linear Algebra
3 (b) & (d) Maxima nad Minima Advanced Calculus
4 (a) & (c) Functions Functions
5 2 Eigen values and Eigen vectors Eigen values and Eigen vectors
6 0 Multiple Integrals Triple Integrals
7 (d) Permutations and Combinations Combinations
8 (b, c, d) Types of Functions Functions
9 (a, d) Laws of Indices Group Theory
10 (d) Conditional Probability Probability
11 (a) & (b) Graph theory Graph Theory
12 5040 Power Set Set Theory
13 (b) Graphs of Two Functions Graphs
14 (d) Linear Programming Problem Operation Research
15 0 Gauss Divergence Theorem Vector Integration
16 18.84 Minor and Major Axis Geometry
30OSWAAL GATE Chapter-wise & Topic-wise Solved Papers ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

17 2 C-R Equations Complex Analysis

18 (a) Partial Fractions Method Inverse Laplace Transforms
19 8 Perimeters Areas
Higher Order Linear Differen-
20 9 CI and PI
tial Equations
21 1 Eulers Method Numerical Methods
22 (d) Normal Vectors Vector Calculus
23 (b) Signals and Systems PDE
24 (b) Region of Convergence Z Transform
25 (a) Vector Space Vector Space
26 1.93 Straight line Curve fitting
27 (a, b, d) Vector Space Vector Space
28 2 Laplace Transform Laplace Transform
29 0.038 Periodic Signal Fourier Transform
30 9.42 Green' theorem Vector Calculus
31 10 Gradient Vector Differentiation
32 (c) Maxima and Minima Vector Space
33 (b) Gradient Vector Differentiation
34 (a) De Moiver’s De Moiver’s
35 (b) Region of Convergence Complex Analysis
36 (c) Diagonalization of a Matrix Linear Algebra
37 (c) Fourier Transform Fourier Transform
38 (b) Line Integral Vector Integration
39 (a) Orthogonalization of a Matrix Linear Algebra
40 0 Areas of Double Integration Multiple Integrals
41 15 Unit Laplace Transform Laplace Transform
42 (a) Solving Equations Theory of Equations
43 (b) Region of Convergence Z Transform
Higher order Differential Equa-
44 (c) CI and PI
tions
45 (c) Unit Step Function Laplace Transform
46 (b) Limits of a Function Calculus
47 2 Polynomials Polynomials
48 25 Time Period Periodic Function
49 –0.5 Expectations Random Variables
50 (c) Second Shifting Theorem Laplace Transform
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS SOLVED PAPER 2023 31

51 (a) Complex Number Complex Analysis

52 240 Eulers Formula Numerical Methods
53 1 Standard Deviation Measures of Dispersion
54 1 Maxima and Minima Graphs of Functions
55 –8 Minor of a Matrix Matrices
56 (b) Limits Calculus
57 (d) Divergence Vector Differentiation
58 (b) Complex function Complex Analysis
59 (d) Demoveries Complex Analysis
Higher Order Linear Differen-
60 –1 CI and PI
tial Functions
61 (b) Probability Probability
62 (b) Simpsons 1/3rd rule Numerical Integration
63 41160 Eigen Values Liner Algebra
64 –24 Differentiation Differentiation
65 (d) Convergence Integration
66 (b, c) Change of interval Fourier Series
67 0.9 Independent Events Probability
68 0.446 Solving the DE Differential Equations
69 (a, b, c, d) Eigen Values and Eigen vectors Linear Algebra
70 (a) Countinuous and Bounded Real Analysis
71 –0.1823 Eulers Formula Numerical methods
72 (b, c) Linear Solutions Simultaneous solutions
73 (a) Complementary functions Higher Order Lde
74 (a) Nullity Theorem Vector Spaces
75 (b) LU Decomposition Linear Algebra
 ENGINEERING Solved Papers
MATHEMATICS
GATE
2023

ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATIONS

COMPUTER SCIENCE (CS) æ1 + 5ö é1 + 5 - 1 + 5 ù 6 - 1 + 5
ç 2 ÷ C1 ê ú=
⇒ è ø ë 2 û 2
1. Option (a) is correct.
Given Ln = Ln–1 + Ln–2, for n > 3 (1) æ1 + 5ö 2 5 5+ 5
Here, L1 = 1 and L2 = 3 ç 2 ÷ ´ 2 C1 = 2
è ø
Replacing n by n + 2 in equation (1), ⇒
Ln+2 = Ln+1 + Ln 5+5 5+ 5
C1 =
⇒ Ln + 2 – Ln + 1 – Ln = 0 (2) ⇒ 2 2
2
A.E. because E – E – 1 = 0 ⇒ C1 = 1
1 ± 1 - 4 ´ 1 ´ -1 1± 5 æ1 + 5ö æ1 - 5ö
So, E= = From (3), ç ÷ ´ 1 + C2 ç ÷ =1
2´1 2 è 2 ø è 2 ø
\ C.F. = C1 (E1) + C2 (E2)n
n
æ1 - 5ö æ1 + 5ö 2 - 1 - 5
n n ç 2 ÷ C2 = 1 - ç 2 ÷ = 2
æ1 + 5ö æ1 - 5ö è ø è ø
⇒
= C1 ç
2 ÷ + C2 ç 2 ÷
è ø è ø æ1 - 5ö 1- 5
. . ⇒ ç ÷ C2 = 2    C2 = 1
P. I = 0, . R.H.S. = 0 è 2 ø
Complete solution n n
æ1 + 5ö æ1 - 5ö
n n Hence, Ln = ç ÷ +ç ÷
æ1 + 5ö æ1 - 5ö è 2 ø è 2 ø
Ln = C.F. + P.I. = C1 ç ÷ + C2 ç ÷
è 2 ø è n ø 2. Option (a) is correct.
æ1 + 5ö æ1 - 5ö Given
When n = 1, L1 = 1 = C1 ç
2 ÷ + C2 ç 2 ÷ (3) é1 2 3 4ù é3 4 1 2ù
è ø è ø ê4
ê4 1 2 3ú 1 2 3ú
2 2 A=ê ú, B = ê ú
æ ö æ1 - 5ö ê1 4ú
and n = 2 L2 = 3 = C1 1 + 5 + C2 (4) ê3
ê
4 1 2ú
ú ê
2 3
ú
ç 2 ÷ ç 2 ÷
è ø è ø êë 2 3 4 1 úû ëê 2 3 4 1 ûú
By solving equations (3) and (4), we get
Option (a):
2 2
æ1 + 5ö æ1 - 5ö det (A) = det (B)
C1 ç ÷ + C2 ç ÷ =3 Since, interchanging the rows of a matrix, the
è 2 ø è 2 ø
determinant does not change
æ1 - 5ö æ1+ 5ö æ1 - 5ö
2 So, det (A) = –192 and det (B) = –192
1- 5
C1 ç ÷ ç ÷ + C2 ç ÷ = 3. Options (b & d) are correct.
è 2 øè 2 ø è 2 ø 2
Given f(x) = x3 + 15x2 – 33x – 36 be a real valued
  –         –     – function.
æ1 + 5ö é1 + 5 1 - 5 ù æ1 - 5ö Differentiate with respect to x both sides, we get
ç 2 ÷ C1 ê 2 - 2 ú = 3 - ç 2 ÷
è ø ë û è ø
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS SOLVED PAPER 2023 33
Initial coordination 6. Correct answer is (0).
dy 3 2 1
= f ¢( x ) = 3x2 + 30x – 33 = 0
ò ò ò (4 x
2
dx I= y - z 3 ) dzdydx
- 3 - 2 -1
⇒ x2 + 10x – 11 = 0
⇒ (x + 11) (x – 1) = 0 3 2 1 3 2 1

òòò 4x 2 y dx dy dz - ò ò òz
3
⇒ x = 1, x = – 11 = dx dy dz
- 3 - 2 -1 - 3 - 2 -1
d2 y 1
= f ¢¢( x ) = 6 x + 30 3 2 3 2
é z4 ù
dx 2 = òò 4 x 2 y [ z] 1- 1 dx dy - ò ò ê 4 úû dx dy
-3 -2 -3 -2 ë -1
When, we check at x = 1,   f ″(1) = 6 + 30 = 36
+ve 3 2 3 2
1
f (x) has local Minima at x = 1. = 8 òò x 2 y dxdy -
4 ò ò [1 - 1] dx dy
Now, we check at x = – 11 -3 -2 -3 -2
2
f ″(– 11) = – 66 + 30 = – 36 < 0 3 2
2 é4 ù 1 3
x2
∴ f (x) has local Maxima at x = – 11. =8 ò êë 2 úû dx - 4 ´ 0
x = 8ò
2
[4 - 4] dx
-3 -3
4. Options (a) & (c) are correct.
3
Here, f and g be two functions of natural numbers
òx
2
= 4 ´ 0 dx = 0 Hence, I = 0
given by
-3
f (x) = n and g(n) = n2
7. Option (d) is correct.
f (n) ∈ O (g(n)) TH f (n) asymptotically smaller or
equal to g(n). given U = {1, 2, 3, 4, …, n} where n > 1000
f (n) ∈ O (g(n)) TH f (n) asympotically smaller A ⊆ U, B ⊆ U and |A| = |B| = K
than g(n) and A ∩ B = Æ (k < n)
n ∈ O (n2) Case I: It all element of A appear before the
n ∈ W (n2) elements of B then the number of permutations.
n ∈ O (n2)
= nC2k · (n – 2k)! · k !· (k !)
n ∈ q (n2)
= nC2k · (n – 2k)! (k!)2
5. Correct answer is [2].
Case II: If all element of B appear before the
3 elements of ‘A’ then number of permutations
= nC2k (n – 2k)! · (k!)2
5 ∴ Total number of permutations
2 1
= Case I + Case II
4
= 2 nC2k (n – 2k)! · (k!)2
8. Options (b), (c) & (d) are correct.
A be the adjacency matrix of the graph with Given f : A → B be an auto (or subjective)
vertices {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} functions.
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 We have f (x1) = f (x2)
1 é0 ù 1 é0 ù x1 = x2 ∀ x1, x2 ∈ A
2ê 0 ú 2ê 0 ú Every equivalence class of ‘x’ under F is uniquely
ê ú ê ú
A=3ê 1 ú =3ê 1 ú mapped with some element ‘x’, hence F is a
ê ú ê ú function and every function is well defined so
4ê 1 ú 4ê 1 ú
option (a) is not correct.
5 êë 0 úû 5 êë 0 úû
Distinct equivalence [x], [y] are having distinct
Let l1 l2 l3 l4 and l5 be the five five eigen values images every element of co-domain ‘B’ is
of A. associated with same element of ∈ under F so
We have sum of eigen values of A = Trace of A F is auto hence F is bijective.
⇒ l1 + l2 + l3 + l4 + l5 = 0 + 0 + 01 + 01 + 0 = 2
34OSWAAL GATE Chapter-wise & Topic-wise Solved Papers ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
9. Options (a) & (d) are correct. N = {11, 2, 3, …} set of all possible colours.
Let X be any set and 2X is power set of X Greedy strategy:
A ∆ B = (A – B) ∪ (B – A) for A, B ∈ 2X Colour (Vi) ← Min. {j ∈ N : no neighbour of Vi is
H = (2X, ∆) coloured j}
H has satisfies the following properties By using the above strategy. no, two adjacent
(a) H satisfies Closure law under the operation vertex have same colour so it is proper vertex
‘∆’ colouring hence option (a) is True.
(b) H satisfies Associative law under the operation By using Leonard Brooke’s Theorem, we
‘∆’ chromatic number of G is almost ∆ + 1 hence
(c) H satisfies Identity law under ‘ Æ ’ is identity. option (b) is True.
a D Æ = Æ D a = a " a ÎZX 12. Correct answer is [5040].
given U = {1, 2, 3} graph according to description
(d) H is satisfies Inverse law for A ∈ 2X we have
U has 3 element hence if power set 2U consist 8
Inverse of A = A.
elements
(e) H is satisfying commutative law
let 2U denote the power set of U.
A ∆ B = B ∆ A for all A, B ∈ 2X
2U = { Æ , {1}, {2}, {3} {1, 2} {1, 3} {2, 3} {1, 2, 3}
H = (2X, ∆) is abelian group.
Number of BFS sequences from Æ is B( Æ ) are
10. Option (d) is correct. 7! = 5040
Let S be the sample space of tossing two coins
S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
P(A) = Probability of getting heads in both toss
2 1
= =
4 2
P(B) = Probability of getting heads on first toss
2 1
= =
4 2
P(C) = Probability of getting heads on second toss
2 1
= =
4 2
1
P( A ∩ B ) =
= P( A ) ⋅ P( B )
4
∴ A and B are not Independent.
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (ME)
1
P( B Ç C ) =
= P( B ) × P( C )
4 13. Option (b) is correct.
∴ B and C are not independent
1
P( A ∩ C ) =
= P( A ) ⋅ P( C )
4
∴ A and C are not Independent
æ Bö
P ç ÷ = P(B) is True.
è Cø
1
 B  P (B ∩ C ) 4 1
P  = = = = P( B ) We know that the graph of y = |x| is
C P( C ) 1 2
4
11. Option (b) is correct.
Let V = {V1 V2, … Vn} be the set of vertices of
graph G.
∆(G) = Maximum degree of G
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS SOLVED PAPER 2023 35
and the graph of y = –|x| is

it can be observed that the given graphs can be

obtained by first shifting the graph of y = –|x|
up by 2 units and then taking the modulus of
resultant function.
Shifting up by 2 units transforms the equations
to
y = 2 – |x|
and taking modulus gives the resultant eqn. as
y = |2 – |x||
14. Option (d) is correct. ABCD is the feasible region.
Given LPP is Maximize Option (d) gives the feasible region.
z = 45x1 + 60x2
15. Correct answer is [0].
Given constraint are
Given vector point function
x1 ≤ 45 ...(A)
B( x , y , z ) = xiˆ + yjˆ - 2 zkˆ
x2 ≤ 50 ...(B)
then
10x1 + 10x2 ≥ 600 ...(C)
25x1 + 5x2 = 750 ...(D) ò B · nˆ ds
s
Step 1: Writing the given inequalities as
Relation between surface
equalities
integral and volume integral
x1 = 45 ...(1)
x2 = 50 ...(2)
òò F · n
ˆ ds = òòò div F dv
s v
10x1 + 10x2 = 600 ...(3) ...(1)
25x1 + 5x2 = 750 ...(4) ò B · n
ˆ ds = òòò div B dv
s c
Step 2: Putting the above line on the graph
æ ¶ ¶ ˆ ¶ ˆö ˆ ˆ
from (3) 10x1 + 10x2 = 600 div B = ç ˆi +
è ¶x ¶y
j + k ÷ xi + yj + 2 zkˆ
¶z ø
( )
if x1 = 0 ⇒ x2 = 60
=1+1–2=0
\ (x1, x2) = (10, 60)
x2 = 0 ⇒ x1 = 60 \ òB · n
ˆ ds = 0
\ (x1, x2) = (60,0) s

From (4) 25x1 + 5x2 = 750 16. Correct answer is [18.84].

Put x1 = 0 ⇒ x2 = 150 Given xˆ = 3 y , yˆ = 2 x
⇒ (x1, x2) = (0, 150) xˆ yˆ
\ y= and x =
x2 = 0 ⇒ x1 = 30 3 2
⇒ (x1, x2) = (30, 0) The given region
Since (c), (d) are the constraints with ‘≥’ sign, x2 + y2 ≤ 1
2 2
shade the region above the line. æ yˆ ö æ xˆ ö
or ç2÷ +ç3÷ £1
è ø è ø
36OSWAAL GATE Chapter-wise & Topic-wise Solved Papers ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

yˆ 2 xˆ2 1
+ £1 1 = 2B \ B= again put s = –1
4 9 2
1
This is equation of an ellipse with semi major 1 = 2C \ C= again put s = 0
axis a = 3 and semi minor axis b = 2 2
Then area of transformation region is 1 = A(–1) \ A = –1
A = pab = p × 3 × 2 = 6p = 18.84 units
1 -1 1 1
17. Correct answer is [2]. = + +
s( s - 1)( s + 1) s 2( s - 1) 2( s + 1)
Given
f(z) = e–kx (cos 2y – i sin 2y) is the ...(1) Taking L–1 both sides
Where function of a complex variable. L–1­{f(s)} =
z = x + iy ì1 ü 1 ì 1 ü 1 -1 ì 1 ü
-L-1 í ý + L-1 í ý+ L í ý
We have s
î þ 2 îs - 1þ 2 îs + 1þ
w = f(z) = u + iv...(2)
1 t 1
Then f(t) = –1 + e + e–t
2 2
u(x · y) = e–kx cos 2y
19. Correct answer is [8]
v(x · y) = –e–kx sin 2y
Let x and y be length and breadth of the rectangle
Given function is analytic if its satisfy cauchy–
Riemann equation. Given
Area x × y = 4 ...(1)
¶u ¶v ¶u ¶v
= and = Let perimeter minimum B = 2(x + y)...(2)
¶x ¶y ¶y ¶x
From (1)
¶u
= –ke–kx cos 2y...(3) æ 4ö
¶x B = 2 ç x + ÷ is minimum
è xø
¶u
= 2e–kx sin 2y...(4) dB æ 4 öö
¶y or = 2 ç 1 + æç ÷÷ = 0
dx è è x 2
øø
¶v
= ke–kx sin 2y...(5) 8
¶x ⇒ 2- 2 =0
x
¶v 8
= –2e–kx cos 2y...(6) ⇒ 2 =
¶y x2
Since f(z) is analytic
8 2
¶u ¶v \ =4 x =
= 2
¶x ¶y \ x= ±2
⇒ –ke–kx cos 2y = –2e–kx cos 2y x = 2 (+ve)
Hence, k = 2 \ y= 2
18. Option (a) is correct. Then the smallest perimeter is
Given B = 2 (x + y) = 2(2 + 2) = 8 units
1 1 20. Correct answer is [9].
f ( s) = 3
= 2
s -s s( s - 1) Given second order Differential equation.
1 dy 2 dy
f ( s) = x2 2
+x - y = 0, x ³ 1
s( s - 1)( s + 1) dx dx

We have by Partial Fraction Method with initial condition y(1) = 6, y′(1) = 2

1 A B C Find y at x = 2.
= + + Which is Homogeneous Linear Deferential
s( s - 1)( s + 1) s s-1 s+1
Equation of higher order with variable
1 = A(s – 1)(s + 1) + B(s + 1)s + C(s)(s – 1)
coefficients.
Put s = 1 both sides
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS SOLVED PAPER 2023 37

d ∴ yn+1 = yn + ∆t × f(tn, yn)

x = ez z = log x D¢ =
   dz ⇒ yn+1 = yn + ∆t × (–2yn) yn (1 – 2∆t)
dy yn + 1
Put x = D ¢( y ) ⇒ = 1 - 2 Dt
dx yn
d2 y
x2 = D ¢( D ¢ - 1) y yn + 1
dx 2 ⇒ £1 Þ |1 - 2 Dt | £ 1
yn
⇒ D′(D′ – 1)y + D′y – y = 0
⇒ - 1 £ 1 - 2 Dt £ 1
⇒ ( D ¢ 2 - D ¢ + D ¢ - 1) y = 0
⇒ 0 £ 2 Dt £ 2
⇒ f (D′) = 0,   D′ = m
⇒ 0 £ Dt £ 1
⇒ m2 – 1 = 0   \ m = ± 1, Real and distinct.
. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (EE)
C.F. = C1 e z + C2 e z P. Z. = 0
 R.H.S. = 0
  22. Option (d) is correct.
We have normal vector to the surface Æ ( x , y , z )
Complete solutions y = C.F. + P.Z. 
is N

y = C1ez + C2e–z Put Z = log x N = grad Æ = ÑÆ
C Given a vector W = [1, 2, 3]T
y = C1 x + 2 ...(1)
x Plane defined by WTX = 1
Apply initial condition éx ù
ê ú
y(1) = 6,   \ 6 = C1 + C2...(2) Let X = ê y ú
êë z úû
dy æ - 1ö
= C1 + C2 ç 2 ÷ éx ù
dx èx ø
T ê ú
y′(1) = 2 2 = C1 – C2 ...(3) W X=1 ⇒ ëé1, 2, 3 ùû ê y ú = 1
From (2) and (3) êë z úû
C1 + C 2 = 6 ∴ x + 2y + 3z = 1
C1 – C 2 = 2
Æ = x + 2y + 3z – 1 = 0
2C1 = 8 ⇒ C1 = 4
¶Æ ¶Æ ¶Æ
or C2 = 6 – 4 = 2 = 1, =2 =3
¶x ¶y ¶z
∴ C2 = 2
2 ¶Æ ˆ ¶Æ ˆ ¶Æ ˆ
Hence y = 4x + ...(4) N = grad Æ ÑÆ = i+ j+ k
x ¶x ¶y ¶z
2 = ˆi + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ
Put x = 2 y=8+ =8+1=9
2 ∴ Normal vector to the surface
Since, y = 9 at x = 2 N = ˆi + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ = [1, 2, 3]T
21. Correct answer is [1]. 23. Option (b) is correct.
Given initial value problem, Given x(t)
dy
+ 2 y = 0, y(0) = 0 , t0 = 0, y0 = 0
dt
We have by Euler’s method
yn+1 = yn + hf (xn, yn)...(1)
dy
= – 2y = f (t, y), h = ∆t = Positive.
dt
x(w) = 1 for |w| < w0
38OSWAAL GATE Chapter-wise & Topic-wise Solved Papers ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
= 0 for |w| > w0 Then vectors u and v are related as
sin w0 t Au = v
∴ y(t) =
pt é a11 a12 ù é 4 ù é 5 ù
êa úê ú=ê ú
p æ p ö sin p /2 ë 21 a22 û ë 3 û ë0 û
At t = Þ xç =
2 w0 è 2 w0 ÷ø p ´ p 4a11 + 3a12 = 5 ...(1)
2 w0 4a21 + 3a22 = 0 ...(2)
2w0
= é 4 3ù
p2 ê 5 5ú
A= ê ú satisfy the above two equations.
∴ Option (c) and (d) are wrong. ê- 3 4ú
If w0 → ∞ then ëê 5 5 ûú
4 3
Now, 4 ´ +3´ =5
5 5
4 ´ ( -3) 4 ´ 3
And + =0
5 5
26. Correct answer is [1.93].
Given
if X(w) = DC – signal = 1
X –1 0 1
∴ X(t) = d(t)
Y 0.8 2.2 2.8
So option (B) is correct.
Area of X ( w ) 2 w0 w0 Let y = a + bx...(1)
Now X [0] = = = be the equation of one degree curve (straight
2p 2p p
∴ X(0) will increase if w0 increase line)
So option (a) is wrong. We have the normal euation of one degree curve,
No. of data n = 3
24. Option (b) is correct.
Σy = na + bSx...(2)
Given
Sxy = aSx + bSx2 ...(3)
4z
X(z) = with ROC = R
æ z - 1ö æ z - 2 ö X Y X2 XY
çè ÷ç ÷ ( z - 3)
5 øè 3 ø –1 0.8 1 – 0.8
0 2.2 0 0
1 2.8 1 2.8
2
SX = 0 SY = 5.8 SX = 2 SXY = 2.0

Then 5.8 = 3a + b × 0 ...(1)

5.8
a= = 1.93
2 3
<z<3
3 2 = a × 0 + b × 2 (∴ b = 1)
2 ∴ Equation of curve,
If ROC is < z < 3 then it is including z = 1 Y = a + bx = 1.93 + x
3
circle or unit circle so, DTFT will convergence. 27. Options (a), (b) & (d) are correct.
25. Option (a) is correct. Given space |x1| P + |x2|P = 1 for P > 0
(a) For P = 2
Eqn. |x1|2 + |x2|2 = 1 is a unit circle.
Area = p(1)2 = p it is True.
(b) For P = 1
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS SOLVED PAPER 2023 39

1 é 6p ù
Put K = 3 |a3| =
5 êë1 + cos 5 úû
1
= (1 - 0.809) = 0.038
5
30. Correct answer is [9.42].
given r = 1 + cos q r = x 2 + y 2 F = - yiˆ + xˆj
Equation |x1| + |x2| = 1 is square.
dz 2 2
Area = = =2
Z 2
28. Correct answer is [2].
Given
é 0 1ù é0 ù
A= ê ú B= ê ú C = [3, – 2] D=1
ë - 1 - 2û ë1û
The transfer function C: r = 1 + cos q
TF = C [SI – A]–1 B + D
òC F × dr = òC - 4dx + x dy
-1
éS - 1 ù By Green’s Theorem
[SI – A]–1 = ê ú
ë1 S + 2û Relation beween line integral and surface
integral
1 éS + 2 1 ù
= ê ú æ ¶N ¶M ö
(S + 2S + 1) ë - 1 Sû
2
ò pdx + Qdy = òòR çè ¶x -
¶y ÷ø
dxdy

1 é s + 2 1ù é0 ù
TF = 2 [3, – 2] ê - 1 s ú ê 1 ú + 1 òC - ydx + xdy =
òòR 2 dxdy
(S + 2S + 1) ë ûë û

3 - 2S S2 + 4 = 2 Area of region bounded by C

= +1=
S 2 + 2S + 1 S 2 + 2S + 1 1 2p 2p
òq = 0 r dq = ò
2
= 2´ (1 + cos q )2 dq
2 0
4 - w2
H(Jw) = 2p
1 - w2 + 2 Jw = ò0 (1 + cos2 q + 2 cos q ) dq

The output will be zero, for ω2 – 4 = 0 p /2 p

= [q ]02p + 4 ò cos2 q dq + 4 ò cos q dq
⇒ ω = 2 Rad/sec. 0 0

29. Correct answer is [0.038]. 1 p

= 2p + 4 ´ ´ + 0 = 2p + p = 3p
¾¾
Given x(n) ¬¾ ® X(eiW) = (1 + cos W) e–j W 2 2
¾
and Xp(n) = Periodic signal ¬¾¾¾ ® ak = DFS- = 3 × 3.14 = 9.42
¾
coefficient with N = 5 31. Correct answer is [10].
for n = 0, 1, 2 Let
ì X ( n)
Where XP(n) = í 2 2
f (x1, x2) = x1 + 2 x 2 + 3x1 + 3x 2 + x1 x 2 + 1

î 0 for n = 3, 4

X ( eiKW0 ) ¶f ˆ ¶f ˆ
ak = , where W0 = 2p = 2p = Ñf =
¶ x1
i+
¶x 2
j
N N 5
1 - jK W0 = (2 x1 + 3 + x 2 ) ˆi + (4 x 2 + 3 + x1 ) ˆj
= (1 + cos K W0 ) × e
5
2p ( Ñ f ) = 6ˆi + 8 ˆj
1 é 2p ù - j K
êë1 + cos 5 K úû e
= 5
5 Ñ f = 6 2 + 8 2 = 36 + 64 = 100 = 10

1 é 2p ù
Now |ak|=
5 êë1 + cos 5 K úû
40OSWAAL GATE Chapter-wise & Topic-wise Solved Papers ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
34. Option (a) is correct.
ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATION (EC)
given ω4 = 16 j
1 1 1
32. Option (c) is correct. ω = (16 j ) 4 = (2 4 × j ) 4 = 2( j ) 4
given 1 1
j (2 n + 1)p / 2 4
é1ù é2ù ω = 2 (0 + j ) 4 = 2[ e ]
ê ú ê ú
V1 = ê 2 ú V2 = ê 1 ú be two vectors = 2[ e j(2 n + 1)p / 8 ]
êë 0 úû êë 3 úû
For n = 0, ω = 2 e jp / 8
V1 = a V2 + e For n = 2, ω = 2 e 5p j / 8 = 2 e 5p j / 8
\ e = V1 – aV2
For n = 4, ω = 2 e 9p J/ 8
e = éë1 2 0 ùû - a éë2, 1, 3, ùû 35. Option (b) is correct.
Given contour integral
= (ˆi + 2 ˆj + 0 kˆ) - a (2ˆi + ˆj + 3kˆ)
æ z + 2 ö÷
ç
= (1 - 2a ) ˆi + (2 - a ) ˆj - 3a kˆ òC èççç z 2 + 2 z + z ø÷÷÷÷ dz , where C is
ê = (1 - 2a )2 + (2 - a )2 + ( - 3a )2 ì 3 ü
2 í z : z + 1 - i = 1ý
2
A = |e| = (1 - 2a ) + (2 - a ) + 9a 2 2
î 2 þ
2 2 2 Taken in the counter clockwise direction.
= 1 + 4a - 4a + 4 + a - 4a + 9a
Pole: equating denominator to zero
= 5 + 14a2 – 8a is minimum z2 + 2z + 2 = 0   ∴ z2 + 2z+ 1 + 1 = 0
¶e 2 ¶A (z + 1)2 + 1 = 0 ∴ (z + 1)2 = – 1
If = = 28a - 8 = 0
¶a ¶a
∴ z + 1 = ± -1 = ±i
8 2 ∴ z=–1±i
\ a= =
28 7 z = – 1 + i, – 1 – i, There are two poles.
2 3 3ö
2
a= æ
7 C: z + 1 - = 1; ( x + 1)2 + ç y - ÷ = 1,
2 è 2ø
2
33. Option (b) is correct. 3
⇒ ( x + 1)2 + æç y - ö÷ = 1
Given f (x, y, z) = xyz be any scalar point functions. è 2ø
We have the directional derivative of f in the is a circle of Radius 1 and centre (–1, 3/2) only he
direction of the vector v = 2ˆi + ˆj + 2 kˆ at the pole z = –1 + i lie inside the circle.
point P(0, 2, 1). We have by Cauchy’s Residue Theorem
df
= grad f × ˆa = grad f × vˆ ...(1)
ds
 ¶f ˆ ¶f ˆ ¶f ˆ
grad f = Ñ × f = i+ j+ k
¶x ¶y ¶z

= yz ˆi + zx ˆj + xy kˆ

v = 2ˆi + ˆj + 2 kˆ j
at P (0, 2, 1) (grad f )at p = 2iˆ  ...(1)

df (2ˆi + ˆj + 2 kˆ) 4 òC f ( z ) dz = 2πj Res [f (z)] z = –1 + i

= grad f × vˆ = 2ˆi ´ =
ds 4+1+ 4 9 æ z+2 ö
df 4 = 2p j ç ÷
or = è 2( z + 1) ø z = - 1 + j
ds 3
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS SOLVED PAPER 2023 41

æ -1 + j + 2 ö Given l= x T x , P = ( xx T )m ´ n
= 2p j ç ÷ = p (1 + j )
è 2 ( - 1 + j + 1) ø
l= x T × x = x12 + x 22 + x32 +  x 42
36. Option (c) is correct.
We have diagonalization of a Matrix. é x1 ù
êx ú
D = P–1AP...(1) P = xxT = ê ú éëx1

2
x2 – xn ùû
where D is the diagonal Matrix, whose diagonal êú
ê ú
elements are the eigen values of A. ëê xn ûú
B = P –1AP ⇒ A = PBP-1 2 2 2
= x1 + x 2 +  + x n
⇒ A and B are called similar Matrices.
⇒ Both A, B have same set eigen values but é x12 ¼ ¼ ¼ù
eigen vectors of A, B are different. ê ú
ê x 22 ú
Let BX = lX  ⇒  (P–1AP)X = lX = ê ú
(P–1AP) X = lX ê  ú
ê xn2 úû
⇒ A(PX) = l(PX) ë
∴ Eigen vectors of A are PX.
2 2 2
= x1 + x 2 +  + x n = l
2

37. Option (c) is correct.

40. Correct answer is [0].
We have by Fourier transform
1 ¥ isx
I= òòR xy dxdy over the Region
F{f (x)} = ò
2p – ¥
e f ( x ) dx = f ( s)

FT
® p e -w / 4 a
2
- at 2 ¾¾
we know e ; a > 0 ¬¾¾
a
Here; a = 1
2
∴ X(ω) = p e -w /4

38. Option (b) is correct.

We have


L.I. = ò F × dr , dr = dxiˆ + dy ˆj + dzkˆ I= òòR 1
xy dx dy + òò xy dx dy
R2
C
1 y 2 2-y
ò0 ò– y xy dx dy + ò1 òy -
Q
I= xy dx dy
òP ( z
2
Given L.I. = dx + 3 y 2 dy + 2 xzdz ) 2

Q Q 0
= òP 3 y 2 dy + òP d( xz 2 )  ò- a f ( x ) dx = 0 . If f (x) is an odd function.
Q (2, 3, 1) I=0+0=0
= òP 3 y
2
dy + éë xz 2 ùû
(1, 1, 2) 41. Correct answer is [15].
é 3y 3 ù3
L.I. = ê ú + [2 - 4]
ë 3 û1
= 27 - 1 - 2 = 27 - 3 = 24
39. Option (a) is correct.
é x1 ù
êx ú given x1(t) = u(t + 1.5) – u(t – 1.5)
X= ê ú
2
êú
,l= xT x ⇒ x1(t) = rect (t/3)
ê ú
êë xn úû n ´ 1
The trace of the matrix P = x xT
42OSWAAL GATE Chapter-wise & Topic-wise Solved Papers ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

FT ¥
x1(t) = rect (t/3) ¾¾® 3Sa (1.5 w)
= å ( - 1)K + 1 ( Z - 2)K which is of the form
Now x2(t) = d(t + 3) + rect (t/2) + 2d(t – 2) K=0
¥
We have by Fourier Transform
3jw –2jw
å ak ( Z - 2)K , where ak = (– 1)K+1
x2(w) = e + 2sa(w) + 2e K=0

44. Option (c) is correct.

y(t) = x1(t)  . x2 (t)
The given equation can be written as
¥
ò – ¥ y( t ) e
- jwt
We know y(w) = dt d2x dx d2x dx
2
= -K Þ 2
+K =0
¥ dt dt dt dt
∴ ò– ¥ y(t) = y(0) Operator form is (D2 + KD) x = 0
∴ y(0) = x1(0) . x2(0) = 3 [1 + 2 + 2] = 15
Auxillary equation f (m) = 0, m2 + km = 0
⇒ m(m + k) = 0
INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING (IN)
⇒ m = 0, – k are the roots.
42. Option (a) is correct. \ x = C1e0(t) + C2e– kt ⇒ x = C1 + C2e–kt...(A)
x – 2y + z = 0, x + 0y – z = 0 solving Given Initial Conditions are
x y (0) = 1 i.e., when t = 0, x = 1 ...(1)
=
(– 2) (– 1) - 0 (1) (0) - ( - 1) (1) x(0) = 0 i.e., when t = 0, x′ = 0 ...(2)
z From (A) x ¢ = 0 + C2 × e - kt × ( - k )
= =µ
1(0) - (– 2) (1)
⇒ x ¢ = - C2 ke - kt (B)
x y z Using (1) in (A) we get C1 + C2 = 1 ...(C)
⇒ = = =µ
2-0 1+1 0+ 2
Using (2) in (B) we get 0 = – C2k.e0 ⇒ C2 = 0
x y z
⇒ = = =µ \ C1 = 1
2 2 2
x y z Substituting C1 and C2 values in A, we get
or × = =µ
1 1 1 x = 1 or x(t) = 1
⇒ x = µ, y = µ, z = µ 45. Option (c) is correct.
Let u(t) be the unit step function. We know that
é x ù éµù é1ù by the definition of unit step function
∴ ê ú ê ú ê ú , when ∝ ∈ R
ê y ú = êµú = µ ê1ú V ( s)
êë z úû êëµúû êë1úû X (t ) = ¬¾
¾ ¾¾
® Y (t )
LTI System
é é1ù ù X(t) = A sin (pt + q) and Y(t) = A′ sin (pt + Æ )
ê ê ú ú
S = êµ ê1ú , µ Î R ú Here A′ = A ×|U( w )|w = w0 , Æ = Q + Angle
ê êë1úû ú
ë û
u( w ) w = w
43. Option (b) is correct. 0

1 -1 we have ω0 = π, A′ = 1, f = 0
F(Z) = =
1-Z Z-1 By using the unit step function formula:
é 1 ù é 1 ù w2 + p 2
= - ê ú=-ê ú u( w ) w= p = =1
ë Z - 2 + 1 û ë 1 + ( Z - 2) û w2 + p 2

∴ Region of convergence is |Z – 2| < 1
u( w) æ wö æ wö
= – [1 + (Z – 2)]–1 [ (1 + x)–1 = 1 – x + x2 – x3] = 180 - tan -1 ç ÷ - tan -1 ç ÷
2
w p èpø èpø
= – [1 – (Z – 2) + (Z – 2)2 – (Z – 3)3 + …]
= 180 – 90 = 90
é ¥ ù \ A = 1 ⇒ q = –90°
= – ê å ( - 1) ( Z - 2) ú for| Z - 2| < 1
K K
êë K = 0 úû
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS SOLVED PAPER 2023 43

é pù then L[g(t)] = e–as F(s)

Now x(t) = sin (pt – 90°) = sin ê pt - ú where u(t – 5) is unit step function
ë 2û
pù 1
é \ L [u(t - 5)] = e -5 s
\ x(t) = sin ê pt - ú u(t) S
ë 2û S ®S + 3
By using first shifting theorem
46. Option (b) is correct.
1 e -5( S + 3)
1 1 = e -5( S + 3) = , Real {S} > –3
Lt f ( x ) = Lt x sin = 1Lt x sin S+3 S +3
x ®µ x ®µ x ®0 x
x
51. Option (a) is correct.
sin 1 x é sin x ù Let
= Lt =1 ê xLt = 1ú
1
®0 1 x ë ® 0 x û i(1 - z )
x f(z) = , where z is a complex number,
1+ z
47. Correct answer is [2]
i= -1
P(S) = S3 + 2S2 + 5S + 80
Let
The roots are –4.64, 1.32, 1.32
i(1 - z )
\ Number of zeros of P(S) in the right half plane w = u + iv = u +

1+ z
is 2
48. Correct answer is [25] i [1 - ( x + iy )] i - ix + y
= =
1 + ( z + iy ) (1 + x ) + iy
y(t) = x(4t) T = 100 sec x(t) = sin (w0t)
we know i(1 - x ) + y i(1 + x ) - iy
= ´
2p 2p (1 + z ) + iy (1 + z ) - iy
w0 = = rad/sec
T 100 [i (1 - x ) + y] [(1 + x ) - iy]
é æ 2p ö ù =
\ y(t) = x(4t) = sin (4w0t) = sin ê 4 ç ÷ tú (1 + x )2 + y 2
ë è 100 ø û
i (1 - x 2 - y 2 ) + (1 - x ) y + y (1 + x )
é 8p ù =
= sin ê tú (1 + x )2 + y 2
ë 100 û
2p 8p 1 1 2 y + i (1 - x 2 - y 2 )
\ = Þ 1 = Þ T 1 = 25 sec =
T 100 T 25 (1 + x )2 + y 2
49. Correct answer is [–0.5]. 2y i (1 - x 2 - y 2 )
= +
From the given data probability distribution is (1 + x )2 + y 2 (1 + x )2 + y 2
X 0 1 2 To find the image of real axis in w-plane, V = 0
P(X) 0.25 0.5 k
1 - x2 - y2
we know that for discrete random variable Then = 0 Þ 1 - x2 - y2 = 0
SPi = 1 (1 + x )2 + y 2
⇒ 0.25 + 0.5 + k = 1 ⇒ x2 + y2 = 1
⇒ k = 0.25 \ f –1(z) maps the real axis in w-maps into a unit
\ P(X = 0) = 0.25, P(x = 1) = 0.5, P(x = 2) = 0.25 circle in z-plane.
E(X) = SxiPi = 0(0.25) + 1(0.5) + 2(0.25) 52 .Correct answer is [240].
=1 Given 5 digits out of which 2 are identical.
E(X2) = Sxi2Pi = 02(0.25) + 12(0.5) + 22(0.25) 5! 120
Number of ways = = = 60
= 1.5 2! 2
Out of four digits exactly one digits appearing twice.
\ E(X) – E(X2) = 1 – 1.5 = -0.5
Number of ways = 4 C1 = 4
50. Option (c) is correct.
Total number of ways for five digit number = 4 × 60
x(t) = e–3t u(t – 5) ⇒ L[x(t)] = [Le–3t u(t – 5)] = 240
From second shifting theorem we have
é f (t - a ) t > aù
If L[f(t)] = F(s) and g(t) = ê
ë 0 t < 0 ûú
44OSWAAL GATE Chapter-wise & Topic-wise Solved Papers ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
53. Correct answer is [1]. or
The sample measurement are 80 kg, 79 kg, 81 kg, é1 4ù
êb =0 ⇒ 6 – 4b = 0 ⇒ 6 = 4b
79 kg and 81 kg
ë 6 úû
No. of Samples n = 5
Sum of observations 3
X= b=
No. of observations 2
\ a -12
80 + 79 81 + 79 + 81 = = -8
 = = 80 b 32
5
Sample standard deviation =
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (CH)
s=
å ( xi - x ) 2
n-1 56. Option (b) is correct.
0
(80 - 80)2 + (79 - 80)2 + (81 - 80)2 + (79 - 80)2 + (81 - 80)2 As x → 0 we get (undefined form)
  = 0
5 -1
é f f¢ù
4 By L Hospital Rule ê Lt = Lt ú
  = =1 ë g g¢ û
4
\ S.D. = s = 1 kg 2x 2
y = Lt = Lt
54. Correct answer is [1]. x ®0 e x -1 x ®0 e x -0
g(x) = max{(x – 2)2, –2x + 7}, where x ∈ (–∞, ∞) 2 2
g(x) = max{(x – 2)2, –2x + 7} graph = Lt = =2
x ®0 e x e0
57. Option (d) is correct.
Given that v = zxi + 2 xyj + 3 yzk

We have if v = V1 i + V2 j + V3 k

¶V1 ¶V2 ¶V3

div v = + +
¶x ¶y ¶z

¶ ¶ ¶
From the figure y= ( zx ) + (2 xy ) + ( syz ) = z + 2 x + 3 y
¶x ¶y ¶z
Minimum value of g(x) is at x = 3
⇒ g(3) = (3 – 2)2 or [–2(3) + 7] div v at the point (3, 2, 1) = 1 + 2(3) + 3(2)
   = 1 = 13
\ The minimum value of g(x) is 1. 58. Option (b) is correct.
55. Correct answer is [–8]. z1 + z2
F=
é1 4ù | z1 | + | z2 |
The matrix A = êê -3 a úú, (A) = 1
(2 + 3i ) + ( -2 + 3i )
êë b 6 úû =
|2 + 3i | + | -2 + 3i |
Minor of order 2 = 0  P(A) = 1
0 + 6i
1 4 =
=0 ⇒ a + 12 = 0 ⇒ a = –12 2 + 3 + ( -2)2 + 3 2
2 2
-3 a
and also (0)2 + 6 2 36
= =
é -3 aù 4+9 + 4+9 13 13
êb =0 ⇒ – 18 – ab = 0 ⇒ ab = –18
ë 6 úû 6
= = 0.4615 < 1
-18 3 13
b= = F< 1
12 2
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS SOLVED PAPER 2023 45
59. Option (d) is correct.
Given ˆer = cos qˆi + sin qˆj , ˆeq = - sin qˆi + cos qˆj
ˆer + ˆeq = (cos qˆi + sin qˆj ) + ( - sin qˆi + cos qˆj )

= (cos q - sin q)ˆi + (sin q + cos q)ˆj

¶
(ˆer + ˆeq ) = ( - sin q - cos q)ˆi + (cos q - sin q)ˆj
¶q
= - sin qˆi - cos qˆi + cos qˆj - sin qˆj

= ( - sin qˆi + cos qˆj ) - (cos qˆi + sin qˆj ) Area of rectangle = |x – y| ≤ 20
40 2 ´ 20 2 4
= ˆeq - ˆer Probability = =
60 ´ 60 9
= -ˆer + ˆeq
62. Option (b) is correct.
60. Correct answer is [–1]. 1

Given that
2
d x
= - w2 x Þ
2
d x
+ w2 x = 0
Given I = ò 1 - x 2 dx with length of the interval
-1
dt 2 dt 2 b -a 2
2
In operator form (D + w )x=0 2 is 0.5 i.e., l = 0.5; n = = =4
h 0.5
Auxiliary equation is
f(m) = 0 ⇒ m2 + ω2 = 0 ⇒ m = ±ωi By Sampson’s 1/3rd Rule
\ x(t) = C1 cos ωt + C2 sin ωt(A) h
y =  [(sum of first and last ordinates) + 4 (sum
The initial conditions are 3
of odd) + 2 (sum of even)]
x(t = 0) = 1 when t = 0, x = 1 (1)
dx x –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1
i.e., t = 0, x′ = 0 (2)
dt t =0
I = f (x) = 1 - x2 0 0.8660 1 0.8660 0
From (A)
x = C1 cos ωt + C2 sin ωt h
⇒ x′ = – C1 ω sin ωt + C2 ω cos ωt(B) I = [( y0 + y4 ) + 4( y1 + y3 ) + 2 y2 ]
3
Using (1) in (A) t = 0, x = 1 ⇒ C1 = 1 0.5
Using (2) in (B) 0 = –C1(0) + C2ω(1) ⇒ C2 = 0 = [(0 + 0) + 4(0.8660 + 0.8660) + 2(1)]
3
From (A)
0.5
x = cos ωt[ cos xp = (–1)n] = (8.928) = 1.488
3
3p
At t = 1 2
w i.e., +
3 3
æ 3p ö
x = cos w ç ÷ 63. Correct answer is [41160].
è wø
Given that
= cos 3p[ cos np = (–1)n]
x = –1 é10 6ù
M= ê
61. Option (b) is correct. ë6 10 úû
Area of rectangle A 10 - l 6
Probability = |M – lI| =
Area of square 6 10 - l
Based on the data given in the problem, we will
= (10 - l )2 - 36 = 0
get the rectangle and square shape.
Expanding we get
l2 – 20l + 64 = 0
⇒ l2 – 16l – 4l + 64 = 0
⇒ l(l – 16) – 4 (l – 16) = 0
l= 4, 16
46OSWAAL GATE Chapter-wise & Topic-wise Solved Papers ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
\ Eigen values of M are 4, 16 ìï æ npx ö üï
L
1
í0 + q ò x sin ç
5
Eigen values of M3 are 43, 163 = ÷ dx ý , Since I integral
Lïî è L ø ïþ
Sum of M3 Eigen values = 43 + 163 = 41160 -L
is an odd function.
64. Correct answer is [–24].
Given that ìï L 5
1 æ npx ö üï
= í2 ò qx sin ç ÷ dx ý
éæ 1 ö12 æ 1 ö6 ù L
îï 0 è L ø þï
-12
u(r) = êç ÷ - ç ÷ ú = 4 [r
4 - r -6 ] i.e. an depends on q
êëè r ø è r ø úû
L
1 æ npx ö
1
u (r) = 4 [ -12r
-13 -7
- ( -6)r ]  [ d( x n ) = nx n -1 ] bn =
L ò f ( x ) cos ç
è L ø
÷ dx
-L
At r = 1
1 ìï L æ npx ö
u1(1) = 4 [ -12(1)-13 + 6(1)-7 ] = í ò Px cos ç
4
÷ dx +
L ïî - L è L ø
= 4 [–12 + 6] = 4[–6] = –24
æ npx ö ïü
L
ò qx 5 cos ç ÷ dx ý
CIVIL ENGINEERING (CE) P1 è L ø ïþ
-L

65. Option (d) is correct. 1 é L 4 æ npx ö ù

= ê 2 ò Px cos ç ÷ dx ú , Since II integral
The integral lies in between –1 to +1. But at Lêë 0 è L ø úû
x=0 is an even function.
1 1 i.e. bn depends on p.
f(x) = 2 does not exist. Because = ¥ which is
x 0 67. Correct answer is [0.9].
not defined.
Given A, B are independent events P(A) = 0.5,
\ The integral does not converge. P(B) = 0.8
66. Options (b) & (c) are correct. P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
Given F(x) = px4 + qx5 on (–L, L) Since A & B are independent events.
The fourier series expansion is given by P(A ∩ B) = P(A) · P(B)
¥
æ px ö ¥ æ px ö P(A ∪ B) = 0.5 + 0.8 – (0.5) (0.8)
f(x) = a0 + å an sin çè ÷ + å bn cos ç ÷
L ø n =1 è L ø
= 1.3 – 0.4 = 0.9
n =1
where 68. Correct answer is [0.446].
L dy
1 Given differential equation + axy = 0
a0 =
L ò f ( x ) dx dx
-L dy dy
L = - axy Þ = - ax dx . Integrating on
1 æ npx ö dx y
an =
L ò f ( x ) sin çè L ÷ø dx both sides, we get
-L

1
L
æ npx ö dy x2
bn =
L ò f ( x ) cos çè L ÷ø dx ò y
= - a ò x dx Þ log y = - a
2
+ log c
-L

Consider y x2
⇒ log = -a
1
L
æ npx ö c 2
an =
L ò f ( x ) sin ç
è L ø
÷ dx
y -a
x2
-a
x2
-L ⇒ = e 2 Þ y = ce 2 (A)
L c
1 æ npx ö
ò ( Px
4
= + qx 5 ) sin ç ÷ dx The given conditions are y = 1 at x = 0 (1)
L -L è L ø
y = 0.8 at x = 1 (2)
ïì 1
L
æ npx ö Substituting (1) in A, we get c = 1
ò Px
4
= í sin ç ÷ dx + a a
ïî L -L è L ø - -
Put the value of (2) in A ⇒ 0.8 = ce 2 Þ e 2 = 0.8
æ npx ö üï
L
1
ò qx sin çè L ÷ø dx ýï
5

L -L þ
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS SOLVED PAPER 2023 47

a
1 a æ 1 ö a CIVIL ENGINEERING (CE) P2
⇒ e2 = Þ = log ç ÷ Þ = 0.22314
0.8 2 è 0.8 ø 2
72. Options (b, c) are correct.
⇒ a = 0.44628 ≅ 0.446 Given that
69. Options (a, b, c, d) are correct. é 1 -1 0 ù é 1 -1 0ù é 1 -1 0 ù
ê ú ê ú ê ú
é1 2 3 ù ê-1 2 -1ú  ê 0 1 -1ú  êê 0 1 -1úú
ú
A= ê ú ê
A = êê3 2 1 úú ê 0 -1 1 ú
ë û
ê 0 -1
ë 1 úû ê0 0
ë 0 úû
êë3 1 2 úû R2 ® R2 + R1 R3 ® R3 + R2

é1 - l 2 3 ù which is the Echelon form rank of A = 2 but

ê n = 3 (no of unknown)
⇒ | A - lI | = ê 3 2-l 1 úú
If r < n, No. of Lineraly independent solutions
êë 3 1 2 - l úû
=n–r=3–2=1
Expanding we get 6, 1, –2 \ [A][x] has infinite solutions.
From the properties of Eigen values satisfies
1 - l -1 0
(i) Eigen values of AT and A are same.
| A - lI | = -1 2 - l -1 = 0
(ii) Eigen vectors of A and AT are same
(iii) Eigen values of A–1 is reciprocal of Eigen 0 -1 1 - l
values of A. By expanding we get (1 – l) (l2 – 3l + 1 – l) = 0
(iv) Eigen vectors of A–1 are same as the eigen ⇒ (1 – l) l (l – 3) = 0 ⇒ l = 0, 1, 3
vectors of A. \ Eigen values of A are 0, 1, 3
So answer is a, b, c, d It has 3 linearly independent eigen vectors and
70. Option (a) is correct. is positive semi definite.
f(x)= ex|sin x| given function is continuous at all 73. Option (a) is correct.
x. But it is not bounded and not differentiable Given that
and not periodic. d3 y d2 y dy
The graph is 3
- 5.5 2
+ 9.5 - 5y = 0
dx dx dx
Operator form is m3 – 5.5 m2 + 9.5 m – 5 = 0
\ m = 2.5, 1, 2
\ y = C1 e2.5x + C2ex + C3e2x
\ a = 1, b = 2
71. Correct answer is [–0.1823]. 74. Option (a) is correct.
Given D.E. is du + 2tu2 = 1 Given that rank of A4×4 = 2 i.e. P(A) = 2, n = 4
dt By using Rank and Nullity theorem
du Rank of A + Nullity of A = number of columns
= 1 - 2tu2 = f (t , u) in A.
dt
where f(t, u) = 1 – 2tu2 ⇒ Nullity of A = 4 – 2 = 2 ⇒ N(A) = 2
From Eulers iterative formula \ N(A) consists only 2 linearly independent
vectors.
un = un–1 + hf(tn, un)
Given that h = 0.01, un = 1.75, tn = 3.14 é2 ù é1 ù
ê1 ú ê0 ú
un – un–1 = h [1 – 2tn un2]
The given vectors are x = ê ú , y = ê ú
= 0.01 [1 – 2(3.14) (1.75)2] ê0 ú ê1 ú
ê ú ê ú
= –0.1823 ë3 û ë2 û
48OSWAAL GATE Chapter-wise & Topic-wise Solved Papers ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
These are linearly independents, remaining are é l2 ù
l11l21 é 8 -5 ù
Lineraly dependent ⇒ ê 11 ú =ê ú
êël21l11 2 2
l21 + l22 úû ë -5 a22 û
é2 ù é1 ù é 1 ù
ê1 ú ê0 ú ê 1 ú 2
⇒ l11 = 8 Þ l11 = 8 ;
\ x-y=ê ú-ê ú=ê ú
ê 0 ú ê 1 ú ê -1ú -5
ê ú ê ú ê ú l11l21 = - 5 Þ l21 =
ë3 û ë2 û ë 1 û   8
75. Option (b) is correct.   2
l21 + 2
l22 = a22
é 8 -5 ù Given that l22 = 1.968
Given that A = ê ú
ë -5 a22 û 2
\ æ -5 ö 2
We know that LL = A T ç ÷ + (1.968) = a22
è 8ø
él11 0 ù él11 l21 ù é 8 -5 ù ⇒ a22 = 6.998  7
êl =
ë 21 l22 úû êë 0 l22 úû êë -5 a22 úû

é l112
+ 0 l11l21 + 0 ù é 8 -5 ù
⇒ ê ú =ê ú
2
êël21l11 + 0 l21 2
+ l22 úû ë -5 a22 û