{" (9 Continous System Mechani i ede eat Syrtems Thet hove they messes and - aes distibuted, such as Cables, vods, cms | phates ete., vethey then Qumped toyether WM conc \ a eee masses by sprnss belong Xo Continous These Systems consist ot) am in patel, Jerse number 4) portiekes , and hence require cn ingbnitel Qeyge numbev coordinates to specify thee Cenfisvecctions. As qrvenkt of this ; methanice® Syrtes A Aris Chess have an Infinite nombey neck, freqvender and netxek modes a Vibxetion- In genevel , Vibsctions Continous Aystem Stein gevemed by pertich dgfeerted equations » and they andlysis, QQ rmetevicls ave assumed “to be humajensus and isotropic and Obey Haske’s ad - In Ans topic &= Wilk rtedy we jee aoe jecced Vibeckions of Continous Systems: Emphesis rah be pheced on rodgve5 WE Vibvetion «fy Toysht sings) reads end Beams» (RIS. ESVENS ® broad chess asinceve applications, as many precticoh orn Can be modeled by ove % wmexe 4) Awl elemer ym ovdey to Stedy he dynemic behavior - i/¢Vibration of Styings The fj © fiiyvre Shows fined fined AAvio 4, The string is iwitic! 9 Qenyth L: ng is Ny unde tension T and Te ain 4 0 tWatedy the " eyunsverne Vibections’ densted by the dis pt acement ges the equidibsivin pesvtion measured are At is assumed het beth ispacement’ and hope are amelll - J LZ fye8 SS et a Tr is also ascymed thet the tension force 9 the Airing ~remeins Constent desing Aen the assumpiion ~ awchh displacement As 0 alt comtinays Syztems, the displacement voviable depends on beth Ae spectioh G2) ond Aemmpevel COD ceordinetes : A Aree body dicgror> a) a sting eQement 14 hour beled - Nes lectin Vibration, Uaich }sWous yenity effects, we can =pph Newtows Accand Ras’ oo And any element ts ebtco Ame_ govern) equetion eh meter 7Aypplyin: - prong ters my eS: Tain (6+ 28 i 7 in (i Boda) -Taind ee —@ ere Oi © is the mess pes unit Leayth the Sh yp: Fox s \ + rock dis placements AnO= ©) hence WE obtain : +3 7 262 PUY — we © bet @= 29 hence: ee . 7 3y eee — oo at Uriich con be wrmtten ast eae vy © = ok Ushich 1s Known 85 the one- Simensionah = x r equation ond 0. [Eis Ae veloc) oy Wove preps < equcten We nov S* hich we presets ane wate 4 ins ies feioen VE eg Se ok 7D or A certain iti! conditions ne ealThi Aon ose is emulated by using the px ph ~ rim Ce perectlon aye lables . In this wos y the Aran: Sve “ee disphacernent con be enpressed as: 4 (at) 2 Ye) 6a) — © Tt }oilous thet | ew. 9.6 —© ax dx> and wy a y. Js at Te ~ @ ubsrtttotion inks Pre equation me cei hs etn ay g- tye —S 3 cs dt™ isheh can be aloo jetten 45! i Sie gs —& yar & @ ae Te com be noted Pret the fete hard-aide CF) The above equation depends onl, On spat ccees RMS depends any 0? © <) Atiyy Jowiable 7 kemperok owtable C2" In orde > “\ equetton@) svat The equattow beth Aides be equed do a. canstont: Bins constant ke ~(3y AME give consent convenient pahected desowre puis choice heads +> om geatletory ynetion * The chsice ages postive constart dsesv* eld a vibstory cron, O79 aherefere wavs bee eded 4/eFev exa: i i mple ) if awe is chasen as @ Constant, this Reads ta: jade. eG ae =6 aL x de oo dt* Ushase salotion 5 gwen bye Ga GES se Vt Indicates & pollution ushich is rejected be cov. aha Increases Qneorly with time: 14 & gene ahet the choice pesvtive constant JYS> ise TS sto terms) ONS atanenticlty PEER ND ane the athe exponentially decreasty)* A doptny he negative constant chelee and Re equation amnstion 9 VES: Ay bariteting \nts JA = - (2 7 —2 y 3 ay + eyyee a = (2) Fichomere, i a Lie te a G Bee rod d%G 4 orG=e — © at*FA nde ns end tel Eon pty, Gan tians and mitch Conditions. At is Wmpetest ho mete that equetion (4) defines the deformation shape , and the equation (is) defines he motion to be harmonic in Ame - J becomes appropricte maw bo define the vnknser canstaat © as the matorah frequents othe system ond @) , he wove number or Spatich {revered : Treg Av\ottoo mey shen be expressect as! Desor) @ % «aot HOI CS? yards S [Car ey™ ent) eae Pret] er youd= [aain(a + pes(gye) (oar Gnd the general ailuttion com be Ertten GS a4dy \ % Continous Sgstens (2) Loggitadinel Uibretions of) Bows — oh eee ant 4 Deformed Ueut) Conside o fixed= free ber of SLeagth Li vndeyssins fonsitedineh Wilvaign Gs. Alton tw yere above: let RF density (Camces per vert Volome ) P= Axial fovce Wot) = Lepyite Sinall displacernert Re Cvoss-Secttone’ avec E = Yougys wmudelos of elerticrts The Ragsitodineh chsplacement , tshich Is assumed by he Armehl, depends on beth aypstia? &) and Hempored 4) Vewables - Tris assume dthet Ahe Ravlacement ia Amal In order te Artedy the bey bration, WE weed to Otte dean ts equation ey Methon - Considering & ber element as Abean belo py LG A Bad P EEA Pa BE as Es ax al ee, \/4Dn infinitesimal element of the bar, Showr by hetched area, undergoes Rangirtodmak motion ond is draun in HE dehermed cenfijveetion Bhoon. The change jn fens} of the element is expressed a, presses ss DLs Wwds — © , rye Fi the anial strain is then given by: ® e-AbL= ew uc oe « untte os) the axial stress in the element can } © — Applying Hows hen, c= Be,95° Pp. eM — A ow Reareenginy cadea ? = © ae # difjerertictioy tone SC ges | cho - 2? — 6 a> om Now apply Newton's pecond Los aP j, - (eAdx) Se — ot de (@ x) ye ath Corabining thie previews eq vections owes: mw anicl drecion: Easu. pare —E au yt Qn Tearrany) - yu . wu —6 Se OE ORT hee cs je te * weedy 4 mete prepasction alsay a/4We diad + 5 he fe ct Where is a strident, betocer ie equction Ate Once again th “ ea cin “the Weve equation is & necrad ardey & porch diftenttal equstion Ahek rust be Botined Wer the este boundavy Week of be - er demain, Avbyect and initial Conditions - Aloo note thet displacement is & fyrstion a suse Indepenset Nawtables # and T° Solution ay the Wore equator is aytadned by wing Bepssation warables s and the proees Ve Brwailer ke the process ealapred 40 ating’ uw Gor) = ue). 64) Upon difjercsthetio porelly Gath vespect *O A end © pels | su ov S — ax a Rh ww 2 PG ® a at Subttvtion WO equetion ake gee ’ dy g-i.a 2S — @ ast o ace @ aarranyey > Vp LL ae -@ on Ye> a oo an Asm 24 ve peen Pret LAs depends oly on) Uheess Rrs depends only on an order He Seay Bars equettons beth ides snvst be equ ty ce Canstant Let “the crnstant be - ey jo asdillectory aeaetion Ko proal 3/4Tt Phen favours Aer + These hove the general Aaistinns? VEd= Aram(g at Ars > @) and GCs Agawut + A6 ot —@ Th anaes aia Aefines re dafernation Shope paises (GC debines the mstion te be harmemcn me The ou caastantts BA, 03+ 06 ore ae be determined frome the ‘ wis the netosel Jrequersy aw (3) oer «Wave Wore The oo Aplution Va wavitten SS Arain (Q)Rt BUCH? (er] beundavy and yw detererined 2 bev oF aspatel frequency: snavt + Agee) award 4]4Ca) Transyerse brations sf beens: Ve bear ove Ty he cxass-nection climeasions beam is Knsen carnpored ks ts Bensth, the Am«\\ beam: O%)5 hin beams Gre as Euler - Beenovkli breated Under Ht - SSS [—* —'da J ob ey eae dx d les @+2Wy je». ——- dx | ay * From Streqgth Metertals, gad adsptiny the Evlev- Berne beer heavy we have Eldy . -m — dx o Ushere: Ee Youos!s ooviiert sie (NI) Je Second rrament fy emia area, Grn) Me Bending moment Cn) = Transverse displacement Cm ) Q= Shee force Cv) i]sEI \s constont and difimreetating kath: Assume) Eid’y = -@— © a3 eidiy - ¥ ® dx? thee @ te he sheeigy fore cod 8° the Qood pev ovit Rest « Foy }rce hens vers © Vibvetions The Qoad intensity Js the Inertia. fee ve tis equal to we -(eA) 7d —( 2-6 equetion @ becomes eraty . -ca Bx —© yas até arial devivetives are used as y is & fection mam and + - 3g Lex ts ao —6 Equation @) decrner Ty 4 wy 20 ar a © Assume SF Say- Vick: —6) 2) 5at até i é ay. = T A’y ' 1 3a ees aah dot Ss <) equction Q con be Atte OF* 2 x or a at dix 2% -® a at ow xs Tt _ wet gl — at ae ajdt - adn OS 7 akh x ax ® The LHS 4 4 12 ¢ cackion of 4 ollere and x. clove, and cach aide Let this be ud 7 eo canstart + ee O'S AkeThe Aclutlen 4 es @) \a} Teas Acsat + Brinot The Adletion 4 ey (3) a a the ve ee dix = mete ant Equetion (VS) con be Eaten os! her Libe™® 2.6 Cataws)erseo ow Aoki 20 (atk) (a=) (att kt) = 6 © or, Ca NES ge PAE Ghee Me TAN = Ss kX eqn + Aah ka @ er PE em Poh ae cosa + LAMAR oa - OE ra Kx 4/sSe the Anlst 2 Can be ne, hae dh}yeeestial equation yerrd= o (cashkx A mob ka) 4 Oe Ceoshka- aie ko») te (eas ka ti sie Ka) + Co (costae dave ) Ybrtd=> Corer) cash ka 4 Coe @anhke * Cet cu) Com KH A Gegnegpaale= + a a 47) & y@r= A cosh ka + BAKKER Whe- Az Carer) Be (ei ce Certs) Or AGG C4) A,B,o apes esastonts and the Valera OF boonclewy cond ons + aes be determined! jeer — es a am Conditions HY difjourt bears ends Boundeyy an ei(e2, Deka) slope (32) an( 4) se (S,) Rigged End zeve = Zexo a Ged tal EVO tee = = Zee tes Free End = sls\ ®) Problems on Logsitudinal Vibyetion of Bars © ~ > Devive the }requensy equarten of longitudinal Prob’ Vibrations fro free-free beam so” The gencrah salvtton Jor Soggitedine| Uibvattion is Uxttten as! Ant + Agoset) ulatr= [Aysie(g jet Aes (2)*)-@> thee C= 5 ond oF anchored Srequensy Since beth the ends are free =. boundery conditions Ste > (BLL TS | Stan in see <6 beth ends- COG are Eo = [a cos()x — AL po o>] (Asaeot + Butea) at Applying the above boondesy conditioss : 5 2 =0 Oo (= Vase By (A3A Et + A rout) =o wo Wee a) (),20 =0 6 aint] =90 @ Jt [Aasiet * A sn ( 2 — ArAin(2 a fest eb= eee > arn(2)t 6 = wnt aa were e -* La be Kose et Os UNS 4225 mance = NC a” TT emn Oe }> PS j c Ushere 9 rep teaents he e Order oy the nadeob Deri mi NE Gn expression foo th i ratlen ch a yntjorm b « ~ Jonsitudinel A mn bar Woh Vn Hh cagth L) One end ‘\n Jgpre- Nfixedd Gnd the ether End free os Aor a J = . : SV" The. general Agbeton fe the Tree Qogstecinel e Nibretion sh) ynifecn ber js_siven by? Ulut) = [Arde (B+ Ares (3)2I- Caganet snes) +) Whee c= JE 4 67 snetucel Yrequersg: The displacement ct the fixed ene af, ber io eave to 36° ond the Tensile force at the free end of the bev 9 equal xe 3eve Therefore) the beundery conclitions are ylUdsco =° Gy (Boe =0 eu = . a [aves (2 Je-Arzin(@)x] (Asaiowt + Ba sot) -@ Apply the bovadevy canditton tt) hey, (thea? be get Ar (Asaent FAG aut) =e ew AL=° ® Apply she boundary condition(\i) ye ® Po wes (B)y2e = Ay cos (Y)8 (Aganut + Rg coset) 20 as Ay connect be equal +30 cos (e)£=° = eos nt pve fp 31 Ss = = = Lu wd > m=O “ec u we wm NAC =e Bs wernt ajeSs SBS> =nje 2K Lk UK Get 42° e Uhere 0 reprenentts The wrdey eh the rede:Fob Deteno _ Anny) ean me the Nermeal functions te te nsttedind Vibwet ~ free and uni Non ef. o baw of Leayth L niform Crass Sect. Both tndset the bor ave dined. 4 6 The geneval Stlstion Jor jegstedine| Vibrctton 1S Sivem as: WOutds [Aron (2 ys Arces(B)n]- (Asaiout +n,asst) 0 shave en ie cand We eteral frequendy: So > Since beth ends are fined, theeferey the boundery condrtions Gre! 13) (WaagZ 4 Ni) (Wee © Fhe bovnday condition Gi) bs ey Az (Ag Ainwt + Ag coset = 9 & A pylyiny = Pras Applying the bovnclevy conditton (i) dn 4 Ay 419 (2 8 CAg aint + Aycaswet ) =O As Aican+ be 3° ain (@)h= OF Baie 20 NT -® Whee WeIlid- 7 The equation @ is known ¢s phe frequensy er wd. nr @ . peak nAC Ag we have fo find ovt the normal junctions.” Neher to e4m CLongitudine| Wovettons of bet4) Ashidhy fis “tebe. Soe and fev weedy reference } produced below aS) Uead= Ar phn (2H + Ances (2X pinte Arin jero — Ste en ® above Lt The nerme| Junction wil! be = AN nk » = ArAm nm bo) = AS aad a= Where NEN tI-- -The general sWvtten ey the equetion J) con be Written as eo E_Araln mace + Ay ED 2a The gener aAsletion 4 29: © com be wither ss: Ubstd = = Dy Aw an (Asam = + Ay cos. HNC) M2139) Se At Wheo-the constant A) heviny been Jncleded 9 Constants Ay ond Ag ,the The abeve eqn: con (©) be written as: U(x) = = ain nx (Aoain one + Ag cas PB +) ‘ahi. DP The values the Cinstutts Ag aod By ove ho be determmed from initial conditionsBW bw “ft id ere! by a Sprin stiffness K 9 Bhown In (ye: Device Fhe drejuency eqvetion fe the syeten 4 heosth fixed af one end and connected! yw ek poe * x Sal! The general Adlution (Sv Jaqsitodind Uberetion 6 \s written as: Woot)= [Arzin(S a By cos(9)%]:Assi> wtt eee \ Bound ) candittons Gre! GC) (Was0™ 8 (i) AE Bs) 2 KM (Tennile free Seg P=) Qa Jed Avorn Rawkes hes: er Fe eo Du on oe 2 @ A oP Ew A Bu Pe Axial fore = AE Du 3 Gnd this axial Jone acting on he ber at « diatance Q rom the fined end 2 eqvel & Gpparite to Apres qoce Kluliypprlsry Pind Conditienli) in equetion() Sires? Ar Cagsmet + Aycswt) = © w Ais 0 ® + The genersl nttetion (i) wil became WOGAD= Aim (2x CAs simat + Aycoset) -© Remember Phet Phe conntumt Ar hosing been jndlwdeel yn Constonts Axand Ay 4yam 24 Q) Babys Bacls + CPs Baae + Ay cost ) ’ -& Bey (Utd= 2 co (2 YR (Aadnat + cst) & D> Jat F = Fhe boondevy condiiinii) 6 . Apylyiny the above eqn) Ses } AE (2) cas( 2k (Ay siout 3 4caset) = K rin(2)f (Aaainst +8, ust) OY AE (2 )or(2)l> k abo (2 Jf @) wet = SF (2)0 Problems on Transverse. Vibrations s Beams —. S#s —————— ———— + @: Find the frequengy equotion 4 a beam with beth ends qree and having Aygnsverse Vibration: . su The general pohstiyn Jor Hransverse vibsations beam Is: Kou + Bainhka + Cosh + DAnKR beam, the bending x =0 d»> yoo = A wsh We Knea thet Jer tree ends of) moment SAX =O and the Gheav force as Since beth “the ends are free in the pesblem,therrdwe Ane bounclewy conditions @e! G) dx Got =° ax Gi) PR (At)=° dx Git) A2xX_ Cetd= Oo ax ‘ a?x_ (2,4)=0 \w a s_ (2k, me ax? As: yrds beat Ccasks +DAINKA — ) dusk [A Anb ka + Beoshko- ax Acoshkatx BAY CAinka 7D Cs xx -® ah _ caste DAK) -G an (er = * [peohve 1 8 ~ aay & 3x (at) = ax K? LAsichkx + pooshks + Cam ka —Deoskx}-€ 3/6Applytag bovndary condition (i) ax x toe) = K™LA-cj=0 wi A-cz=ae w AHFC —® Applying boondey condition (iit) PX (ot)= K7CB-D) = 58 aa? B-D=0 ee B= D — ® Applies bouncers aandition (\i ) ax (xs 26 da hes k> LA coshk§ +B Ahhh — Cees Ka = DAmk X= 0 5 O26 8 BED Kem O° © Awkdyjz0 -® Vovay the ~velerion > LB Cease = case Q) + BUiebkh- Applying Decndery candeBons @y) 2x Ut) = 0 as? heey Kk? TR an bk BeoshkQ + CAnkR— Deoskd] = 0 Usiay the ~veletens pac 2 B=P jumA?® KOLA Uihk + Ankh) + B Ceashkg - 8K) jz0 —© Solving the equeriors @)% © fw determining Ane” constarts AB 2/¢y Ceoshkt— cast) Caio hie shot) W ° (AobwL-a dink) (coshkt~ Ce2k4) = Carob kh + Ark ) 2 6 => Ceoshkt- RE ee peek =o -® cosh*kh + coskh- eoshkleskd — a \lbuk as We Krod Aher } coshhk = Ah kh = 1 B cast ha aorks = 5 e4® becomes % ~ Lceshkh coskh aus ax coshk& aed Si ae @) equate @ ss \regvensy equetion Que VAS Rs KS o al oe 2 as J ny 1 —— eA 3/6: Psd And the tresuen Irnsd gh WENL) eqvection fey @ uniform bear me end and free ct the other he omsverse Vibvetlon + sl The 5 ie mone’) conditons are fixed ot One end and free at dthy end. Foy ined end : (1) Ded\ection X= S (ii) Slope Ax a0 a> de free end: (Wd) Benet + (22 es — hmny Tremer’ S a) IN) Shee force (2X J =O + < 3) The general privttan pee Transvers= bration earn 1S} 3 @arye A coshkx + Baohkx + Ceockx + Drinks -—QO tron (1) KCatd= 0 a--c-® 3% (ga) = kK [BAohke FBashla= Cake Vesa} —O Applyiny boon dery cond yields» Atc=o oF x Apyyng th= buadery cenditonlii) the above eqn © dx (et) =o ae LY pstdl=9 w BApso aw BED ® 4/6y a’x (Guts k* = A cosh kau + Basin =a x } (3) 2 + Banh ka — C ces ka ~ DAW a ~ Ke 3 Applying the b 2 bound 4 : we Come : nck any cancitton uit) 9 e4@ ped tao . \ seat Baiohkl— Ceased -DAwkL =o Usiny the Teletins A=-c 2 B= => jew © > La Cershkh + cask?) +B (ob t + Anke) =o —® 3 a (at )= k? [Bao kat Bashka + Cane -pesa] —@ x» Spyies Vhe beeedavy ie SA Ca t= axe = Kk? [Aaohkht Beshke + Caiokf- P cask J=0 jan B28 shag the TAL eters pa-¢ & Be-P condetin bY) 14 <4 k? LA (Alo beh Akg) +B (cosb&Q* eae kK 2 YEP -& Solving the van @46 = determintay Arhe conctents & aB (habbkd + A0K4 ) Gy Ceoshkt + coske) Lriabkh - Ain kh ) Cooshkh * cos kh) s/¢Ceashk@ + cosk2)” — ( siohhkg EAlneR OKO cosh AT SUA 4 reashks cose —Abahh ke + sith 20 bet — cosh*k& awk ee = | & costed+ nintkt= | eae DU woshkdcoskhtU= 0 CoshkQ ceskh = -) GC Coshk&ceskit) =O Va the Frequent equctlos - Where Ta “1 g c=.) ¢/¢