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Recent Research in Science and Technology 2011, 3(9): 31-42

ISSN: 2076-5061
www.scholarjournals.org

www.recent-science.com
RRST-Botany

Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by the ethnic Communities of Tinsukia

District of Assam, India
Jitu Buragohain*
Department of Botany, Namrup College, P.O. Parbatur-786623, Dist Dibrugarh, Assam, India

Article Info Abstract

Article History An ethnobotanical study focused on medicinal utility of plants was carried out among the
Received : 27-05-2011 ethnic communities of Tinsukia district of upper Assam with aims to document the traditional
Revised : 25-07-2011 knowledge of the medicinal plants used in various ailments. The information was based on
Accepted : 04-08-2011 normal conversation, interview and discussion with local herbal practitioners, elderly men
and women of different tribal communities. In this study, a total of 175 plant species
*Corresponding Author belonging to 76 families were described which have been used in the treatment of around 56
Tel : +91-3742503090 diseases. Herbs, shrubs and trees were the dominant category of the plants. Most frequently
Fax : +91-3742503161 medicated claims were stomach ailments, gynaecological problems, lung and respiratory
diseases, cuts and wounds, skin diseases, urinary troubles and as well as their use as blood
Email:
buragohain_jitu@yahoo.com purifier. The most cited family was Euphorbiaceae, the most widely used plant part was the
jitu.buragohain@gmail.com leaf and the most common mode of administration was decoction. All these claims need to
be subjected to both phyto- and pharmaco-chemical investigations to discover the
potentiality of these plants and plant parts as drugs.
©ScholarJournals, SSR Key Words: Ethnomedical knowledge; Traditional herbal medicine; Ethnic communities;
Tinsukia district; Assam

Introduction
The use of traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of latitudes and 88o8' - 96o E longitudes (Fig. 1) and covers an
common ailments has great relevance today because of high area of 78,523 sq. km. The total number of districts in Assam is
cost of modern medical care, which is beyond the reach of 23 and the total population as per 2001 census is 26,638,407.
poor, side effects of synthetic drugs and development of The state extends between foothills of eastern Himalayas and
resistance to currently used drugs for infectious diseases. the Patkai and Naga Hills and is bordered by the nations such
Contrary to this, plants used for medicinal purpose have been as Bhutan to the northwest, Bangladesh to the south west and
found to have little or no side effects. Since times immemorial, Myanmar to the south. Assam has a humid tropical and
plant based drugs have been in use in the amelioration of subtropical climate as it receives heavy rainfall during
various ailments ranging from common cold to cancer [1]. monsoon. A sizeable area of the state is covered with dense
Primitive people have used plants to cure a variety of ailments tropical semi-evergreen to evergreen forests with mix crop
but they keep no records and the information is mainly passed composition including bamboo. Assam is inhabited by a
on verbally from generation to generation [2]. The traditional number of ethnic tribes belonging to the Indo-Mongoloid races
ethnomedical knowledge has been descending from which includes Bodo, Mishing, Karbi, Dimasha, Rabha, Tiwa,
generation to generation with constant updating through trial Sonowal Kachari, Ahom, Tai Turung, Tai Khamyang, Deori,
and error method. World Health Organization (WHO) has Chutia, Koch, Motok and Moran [4].
shown great interest in documenting the use of medicinal
plants from tribes in different parts of the world [3]. In current
world order, an unexplored reservoir of phytochemical
information hidden in nature is rapidly destroyed by
deforestation and habitat loses. Traditional herbal medicine is
an important component of primary health care system in
developing countries like India. They are considered to be
safe, effective and inexpensive, for which there is a global
trend for the revival of traditional herbal medicine. Screening of
medicinal herbs used by different ethnic groups or
communities has now become a potential source for isolation
of bioactive compound. Assam is a botanically rich state in
North East India, which is situated in between 24o2' - 27o6' N Fig. 1 Location Map of Tinsukia District, Assam (India)

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Jitu Buragohain/Rec Res Sci Tech 3 (2011) 31-42

Plants form an integral part of their culture, which is to Indo-Mongoloid communities and comprise Motok, Moran,
evident from their food habit, customs, marriage system and Sonowal Kachari Deori, Mishing and Ahom [7]. Although the
household practices. The people of this region have developed semi-urban people have adopted modern health care facilities,
a rich ethnomedical tradition [5] and have an abundance of the majority of rural folk are still prefer traditional herbal
medicinal plants known to the native people [6]. medication as best alternative to cope with tropical borne
diseases. Plants form an integral part of their culture, which is
evident from their food habit, customs, marriage system and
household activities. The people of these communities more
particularly the rural folk have long history of using plants for
their various ailments. Till date, only few literatures on the
traditional uses of medicinal plants of Tinsukia district are
available but disease specific ethnomedicinal investigation are
still lacking. A few workers have conducted a survey on
ethnobotany of the Dibru-Saikhova Natiional Park [8] and
ethnomedicinal plants used in gynecolgical disorders of the
said district [7]. In view of the above, present study was
Fig. 2 Category of recorded ethnomedicinal plants conducted with aims to document ethnobotanical plants used
by the ethnic communities of the region for medicinal
purposes, and it is expected that such key ethnobotanical
findings would serve as baseline data for future phytochemical
research.
Methods
Regular field trips were conducted during the year 2009 to
2011 in the Tinsukia district of upper Assam. The study was
carried out in the areas, where the population distribution of the
communities is dense. In each field trip, rapports were
Fig. 3 Underground and aboveground plant parts used against established with elderly people or village heads or herbal
ailments practitioners of the respective communities. Information was
gathered from the local herbal practitioners, and the elderly
men and women of the respective communities through normal
Methodology
conversation, interview and discussion. The information was
Study area
also gathered from some village markets, where some plants
The Tinsukia district is located in the eastern most part of
of therapeutic value were sold. During the field works,
Assam, India (Fig. 1). Earlier the district was a sub-division of
repeated cross verification of data from the informants located
un-divided Dibrugarh District of Assam, which was declared as
in different places were made. Only the specific and reliable
the 23rd district of Assam on 1st October, 1989. The district
information crosschecked with different informants and at
covers an area of 3790 sq km, 27°23' to 27°48' N latitude,
different places were incorporated in the present study. The
95°22' to 95°38' E longitude. The annual rainfall ranges from
information gathered was also cross verified with available
2300 - 3800 mm and rainy season extends from the month of
local literature [9, 10]. The collected plant species were
June to September. The annual temperature ranges from 70C -
identified with the help of local floras, (11-13) and Botanical
340C. The average elevation of the district is about 148 m
Survey of India, Shillong. Herbarium specimen of each plant
above the sea level. The total population of the district
was prepared and deposited to the Department of Botany,
according to 2001 census is 1,150,146 inhabitants with 63.28%
Namrup College, Assam, India. Key morphological characters
literacy rate. Majority of the rural people in the district are
and phenological cycle of the each plant species were
cultivators and agricultural workers. Although paddy cultivation
recorded. The plants were alphabetically arranged in Table 1
occupies major chunk of traditional agricultural system, the
along with their local names, English names, families, parts
inhabitants of the district also produce a sizeable amount of
used, medicinal uses and the mode of administration.
orange, tea and ginger. Majority of the rural population belongs

Table1 Checklist of ethnomedicinal plants used by the ethnic communities of Tinsukia District, Assam
Sl. Botanical Name Family Local name English Phenology Part Medicinal Use
No name used
1. Abroma augusta L. Sterculiaceae Ulot kambal, Devil’s April-Aug Root Root juice is considered as
JB/NC 004 gorokhia cotton, uterine tonic
korai Cotton
abroma
2. Abrus precatorius L Fabaceae Latumoni Crab’s eye July-Nov Root Root decoction is given as
JB/NC 001 vine diuretic
3. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Malvaceae Jopa, Indian April-Oct Leaf Leaf decoction is useful as
JB/NC 003 junuka goch mallow mouthwash in toothache.
Infusion is given in fever.

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Jitu Buragohain/Rec Res Sci Tech 3 (2011) 31-42

4. Acacia fernesiana (L.) Willd. Mimosaceae Tarua __ Sept-March Stem Bark decoction is given in
JB / NC 002 kadam bark, malaria.
5. Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae Bioni- Prickly Oct-April Leaf, root Root decoction is applied
JB/NC 005 hakuta, chaff as a poultice to swellings
Ubhuta flower and wounds of nipples.
bonsoth Leaf decoction is used in
the treatment of cough and
sore throat.
6. Acorus calamus L. Araceae Bosh Sweet flag Nov-Jan Rhizome Decoction of rhizome
JB/NC 006 given in dyspepsia and
flatulence.
7. Agerartum conyzoides L. Asteraceae Gendhela Goat weed Jan-Dec leaf Bruised leaves are applied
JB/NC 007 bon to cuts and wounds as
antiseptic.
8. Alangium chinese (Lour.) Alangiaceae Sika __ May-Sept Leaf, Decoction of leaves and
Harms. morolia, stem stem bark is said to cure
JB/NC 008 maroli goch bark malaria.
9.# Alocasia indica (Roxb.) Araceae Man kachu __ Jan-Jun Rhizome Boiled rhizome is given in
Schott. abdominal pain.
JB/NC 009
10.# Alocasia macrorriza (L.) Araceae Bor kochu __ Jan-March Rhizome, Rhizome paste is applied
G.Don tender on abscesses to expel
leaf pus. Boiled tender leaf is
said to prevent tonsillitis.
11. Alpinia nigra (Gaertn.) Burtt. Zingiberaceae Tora __ May-Aug Rhizome Rhizome paste is used in
JB/NC 010 bronchitis.
12. Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Apocynacceae Chatiana __ Oct-March Latex, Latex is applied on
JB/NC 011 Stem scabies and some skin
bark diseases. Decoction of
stem bark is given in
chronic diarrhoea,
dysentery and malaria
fever
13.# Alternanthera sessilis (L.) Amaranthaceae Mati - __ Jan-Dec Tender Boiled and given in
R.Br. ex DC kanduri shoot dysentery
JB/NC 012
14.# Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthaceae Hati-khutura Spiny Jan-Dec Root, Root juice is given in
JB/NC 013 amaranth tender diarrhoea. Taking as
shoot vegetable of tender shoot
is useful as galactogue to
nursing mothers
15. Amaranthus tricolor L. var. Amaranthaceae Bishalya __ Jun-Nov Leaf Leaf paste is applied to
tristis(Prain) Nayar karani cuts and wounds for quick
JB/NC 014 healing.
16.# Amaranthus viridis L. JB/NC Amaranthaceae Khutura __ Jan-Dec Tender Taking as vegetable is
015 shoot said to improve eyesight.
17.# Amorphophalus paeoniifolius Araceae Ol-kochu __ July-Oct Tender Tender shoots are used as
(Dennst.) Nicolson shoot, vegetables, which is said
JB/NC 016 corm to cure sinusitis. Boiled
corm is used in the
treatment of piles,
dysentery and
rheumatism.
18. Aquillaria malaccensis Lamk. Thymeliaceae Sachi goch Agarwood, May-Aug Root Root decoction is given in
JB/NC 017 Aloe wood abdominal pain.
19. Artocarpus lacucha Hom. Moraceae Bohot __ April-Aug Fruit Fruit juice is given in
JB/NC 019 dysentery
20. Baccaurea ramiflora Lour. Euphorbiaceae Leteku __ April-Aug Stem Decoction of bark is useful
JB/NC 018 bark in constipation. Powdered
dry bark is applied on
infected umbilicus of newly
born baby.
21. Bambusa balcooa Roxb. Poaceae Bholuka- Plain Feb-May Culm The outer green layer is
JB/NC 017 banh bamboo scrapped off, powdered
and applied on fresh
wound for quick healing.
22 Bixa orellana L. Bixaceae Jorot goch Arnetto March-Aug Stem Juice of the bark is

33
Jitu Buragohain/Rec Res Sci Tech 3 (2011) 31-42

JB/NC 020 dye tree bark prescribed for dysentery

and kidney trouble.
23. Butea monosporma (Lamk.) Fabaceae Polash Flame of April-Sept Flower, Flower paste is given in
Taub. the forest Seed urinary trouble. Powdered
JB/NC 027 dry seeds are given as
anthelmintic.
24. Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Caesalpiniaceae Letaguti __ Aug-Dec Seed Decoction of seed is given
Roxb. in pneumonia
JB/NC 021
25.# Calamus tenuis Roxb. Arecaeae Jati-bet __ May-Nov Tender Used as vegetables which
JB/NC 026 shoot is said to act as blood
purifier.
26. Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Asclepiadaceae Akon __ April-Sept Latex, Latex is applied as
Br. Leaf liniment in rheumatic pain
JB/NC 025 and the leaf is used as
message in chest pain.
27. Carica papaya L. Caricaceae Amita Papaya April-Oct Fruit Latex of tender fruit is
# JB/NC 022 applied to burn injury,
snake bite, jaundice and
as antifertility agent.
Unripe fruit is useful in
liver disorder and
constipation. Ripe fruit
helps in digestion.
28. Carissa carandus L. Apocynacceae Korja tenga Christ’s April-Aug Stem Decoction of stem bark is
JB/NC 023 thorn, bark, fruit used in chest pain. Ripe
fruit is said to cure
stomach problems.
29. Caryota urens L. Arecaceae Sewza Toddy Feb-July Root Decoction of root is as
JB/NC 024 palm wine galactogue to nursing
palm, mothers.
jaggery
palm
30. Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lipp. Apocynaceae Korobiphul Trumpet April-Nov Stem Latex of stem bark is
JB/NC 028 flower bark, applied on boils. Infusion
seed of the bark is used in
malaria. Seeds are used
as antifertility agent.
31. Cassia alata L. Caesalpiniaceae Khorpat Ringworm April-Oct Leaf Leaf paste is applied on
JB/NC 029 bush scabies and ringworm.
32. Cassia fistula L. Caesalpiniaceae Sonaru Golden April-Sept Root, Burning root is inhaled to
JB/NC 030 flower, fruit relief common cold.
Indian Poultice of unripe fruit is
laburnum applied on tongue of
children in fungal infection.
Fruit pulp is eaten in
constipation and also act
as liver tonic.
33. Cassia occidentalis L. JB/NC Caesalpiniaceae Medeluwa Cofea April-Sept Leaf Leaf decoction is applied
031 senna on ringworm and itches.
34. Cassia sophera L. Caesalpiniaceae Medeliwa __ Jun-Nov Leaf Leaf decoction is applied
JB/NC 032 on ringworm, scabies and
insect bite.
35. Cassia tora L. Casalpiniaceae Dadigdiga, __ July-Nov Leaf Leaf decoction is applied
JB/NC 033 bilokhoni on ringworm and given in
asthma.
36. Catimbium malaccense Zingiberaceae Bor tora __ Jun-Sept Rhizome Rhizome paste is used as
(Burm.f.) Holttum remedy for sore.
JB/NC 034
37. Celtis tetrandra Roxb. JB/NC Ulmaceae Sukuta __ Jan-Aug Tender Taking as vegetable is
035 leaf said to be useful to relieve
pain after childbirth.
38.# Centalla asiatica (L.) Urban Apiaceae Bor- Asiatic April-Sept Whole Paste is applied on cuts
JB/NC 036 manimuni pennywort, plant and wounds for quick
Indian healing. Juice of the plant
pennywort is applied on forehead in
headache.

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39.# Chenopodium album L. Chenopodiaceae Jilmil sak Lamb’s Nov-March Tender Boiled tender shoot is
JB/NC 037 quarters shoot used in constipation and
cough.
40. Chromolina odorata (L.) King Asteraceae Bagh dhoka, __ Dec-March Leaf Leaf paste is applied as
et Robin. Jarmani antiseptic to cuts and
JB/NC 038 bon. wounds.
41. Cissamperos pareira L. Menispermaceae Tubuki lota __ Dec-May Root, Powdered dried root is
JB/NC 039 leaf given in dropsy. Leaf paste
is applied on forehead in
fever.
42. Cissus quadriangularis Vitaceae Harjura lota __ April-Aug Stem Stem paste is applied on
Wall.ex.Wt & Arn wounds and bone fracture
JB/NC 040 for quick healing.
43. Cissus repens Lamk. JB/NC Vitaceae Noltenga __ April-Jun Tender Taking as vegetable is
041 leaf said to relieve stomach
ailments.
44.# Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Rutaceae Gol-nemu Common July-Dec Fruit Ripe fruits in common salt
Swingle lime are used in dysentery.
JB/NC 042
45.# Citrus grandis (L.) Osb. Rutaceae Robab Shadoock July-Dec Fruit Fruit juice is given to expel
JB/NC 043 tenga, Bor worm. The juice also acts
tenga as blood purifier.
46.# Citrus limon (L.) Burm. JB/NC Rutaceae Kaji nemu Lemon March-July Fruit Fruit juice is given in
044 flatulence, dysentery and
diarrhoea.
47.# Clerodendron Verbenaceae Nephaphu __ Aug-Nov Tender Decoction of tender leaf is
colebrookianum Walp. leaf given to cure
JB/NC 045 hypertension.
48. Clerodendron serrartum (L.) Verbanaceae Nangal- ___ Aug-Oct Root, Root decoction is given in
Moon bhanga leaf dysentery. Crushed leaves
JB/NC 046 are applied to cuts and
wounds.
49. Clerodendron viscosum Vent. Verbenaceae Dhopat tita ___ March-July Leaf Infusion of leaves is said
JB/NC 047 to cure malaria.
50.# Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt. Cucurbitaceae Kunduli ___ May-Aug Root Root juice is given in
JB/NC 048 diabetes.
51. Coix lachrya-jobi L. Poacceae Kawri-moni Job’s tear July-Sept Root Root juice is good for
JB/NC 049 menstrual trouble.
52. Commelina benghalensis L. Commelinaceae Kona-simolu __ July-Nov Stem Stem juice is applied on
JB/NC 050 sore eyes.
53. Cordia dichotoma Forst.f. Cordiaceae Bowal __ Aug-Dec Stem Paste of bark and leaf is
JB/NC 059 bark, applied to swelling and
Leaf, inflammation. Powdered
Seed dry seeds are applied on
skin eruptions.
54. Costus speciosus Costaceae Jam lakhuti __ Jun-Sept Rhizome Rhizome paste is given in
(Koen.ex.Retz.) J.E. Smith jaundice
DHC 01

55. Croton caudatus Geisel. Euphorbiaceae Lota __ April-Oct Leaf Leaf decoction is given in
JB/NC 051 mahudui kidney trouble.
56. Croton joufra Roxb. Euphorbiaceae Goch- __ Feb-Jun Leaf Leaf decoction is used in
JB/NC 052 mahudi the treatment of
dysmenorrhea.
57. Croton tiglium L. Euphorbiaceae Konibih Purging Jun-Dec Tender Juice of young shoot is
JB/NC 053 cotton, shoot, given in constipation.
croton oil Paste of shoots is applied
tree on carbuncles.
58.# Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex. Cucurbitaceae Ronga-lao Red gourd Nov-March Seed Regular taking of fried
Lamic squash seeds is said to increase
JB/NC 054 the sexual vigour.
59. Curanga amada Juss. Scrophulariaceae Bhui-tita __ May-Aug Leaf Eaten as vegetable is said
JB/NC 055 to be useful as appetizer
and in fever.
60. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Hypoxidaceae Nagini __ April-Aug Tuber Powdered dry rhizome is
DHC 02 applied to wounds and
cuts for quick healing.

35
Jitu Buragohain/Rec Res Sci Tech 3 (2011) 31-42

Rhizome paste is given in

impotency.
61.# Curcuma amada Roxb. Zingiberaceae Amada Mango May-Jun Rhizome Extract of rhizome
DHC 03 ginger decoction is given in
diarrhea
62. Curcuma aromatica Salisb. Zingiberaceae Bon-halodhi, Wild April-Jun Rhizome Rhizome paste is applied
DHC 04 keturi, temeric, to sprains.
ketkuri yellow
zedoary
63. Curcuma caesia Roxb. Zingiberaceae Kola-halodhi Black May-Jun Rhizome Rhizome paste is applied
DHC 05. zedoary to sprain and bruises.
64. Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. Zingiberaceae Borahu Zedoaaria May-Jun Rhizome Juice of the rhizome is
DHC 06 given to women after child
birth to remove weakness
and is said to act as blood
purifier
65. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Cuscutaceae Akashi-lota Dodder Nov-March Stem Paste is applied on
JB/NC 056 wounds and decoction is
given in jaundice.
66. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae Dubori-bon Dhub Jan-Dec Whole Paste of whole plant is
JB/NC 057 grass, plant applied to cuts and
Bewrmuda wounds to stop bleeding.
grass Decoction is given in piles
and leucorrhea.
67. Cypeerus rotundus L. Cyperaceae Keya-bon Nut grass July-Dec Tuber The extract of boiled and
JB/NC 058 pounded tuber is given in
stomach discomfort
68. Dactylotenium aegypticum Poaceae Bobosa-bon __ Jun-Nov Culm Decoction of culm is given
(L.) P. Beauv. JB/NC 059 in asthma
69. Desmodium caudatum Fabaceae Bor bioni- __ Jun-Nov Root Decoction is given in
(Thunb.) DC. hakuta haemospermia.
JB/NC 060
70.# Dillenia indica L. Dilleniaceae Ou-tenga Elephant July-Dec Fruit Decoction is given in
DHC 07 apple dysentery, flatulence and
constipation.
71.# Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoreaceae Gothia alu Air yam, Jun-Oct Tuber Eaten boiled or roasted is
DHC 08 potato yam useful in piles.
72.# Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Dioscoreaceae Mua alu Lesser July-Oct Tuber Poultice is applied on
Burk yam swellings
DHC 09
73. Diospyros malaberica (Desv.) Ebenaceae Kendu __ May-Sept Seed Pounded seeds are mixed
Kost. with water and the filtrate
JB/NC 061 is given in dysentery.
74. Dracena angustifolia Roxb. Agavaceae Jam lakhuti, __ Sept-Nov Root, Root decoction is given in
DHC 10 Hati kuhiar jaundice.
75. Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. Caryophyllaceae Lai-jabori __ March-Sept Whole Paste of whole plant is
ex Roem. et Schult. plant applied on tongue in
JB/NC 062 fungal infection. Juice is
given as a drop in
sinusitis.
76. Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Rosaceae Goru khis, Indian Aug-Dec Fruit Eaten fresh in dysentery.
Focke. strawberry
JB/NC 062
77. Entada scandens Benth Fbabaceae Ghila Nicker April-Aug Seed Seed powder is used as
JB/NC 063 bean, shampoo.
Mackay
bean, sea
bean
78.# Enhydra fluctuans Lour. Asteraceae Helonchi __ Nov-Jan Tender Taking as vegetable is
JB/NC 064 sak shoot said to be useful as
laxative.
79. Erecthites valerianaefolia Asteraceae Bon kopah Fireweed. Jan-Dec Leaf Leaf paste is applied to
(Wolf.) DC Pile weed cuts and wounds for quick
JB/NC 065 healing.
80.# Eryngium foetidum L. Apiaceae Man dhania __ May-Oct Leaf Leaf juice is given in
JB/NC 065 flatulence and stomach
trouble.

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Jitu Buragohain/Rec Res Sci Tech 3 (2011) 31-42

81. Erythrina stricta Roxb. Fabaceae Ronga __ March-Jun Leaf Leaf juice is used to kill
DHC 11 modar worms in pigs.
82. Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae Gakhiroti __ Jan-Dec Tender Taking as vegetable by
JB/NC 066 bon shoot nursing mother helps in
the lactation
83. Euphorbia ligularia Roxb. Euphorbiaceae Siju __ Dec-May Latex Latex is applied to burn
DHC 12 injuries, boils and warts.
84. Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Mau dimoru __ Feb-Sept Fruit Boiled fruits are given in
JB/NC 067 diabetes.
85. Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Flacourtiaceae Poniol Indian March-Aug Stem Decoction of stem bark
Raeusch. plum, bark, leaf and leaves are useful in
JB/NC 069 diarrhoea.
86. Flemingia srobilifera (L.) Fabaceae Makhioti __ March-July Root Root decoction is given in
R.Br. menstrual irregularities.
JB/NC 068
87. Floscopa scandens Lour. Commelinaceae Soru __ Aug-Dec Leaf Leaf juice is dropped on
JB/NC 070 konasimolu sore eyes
88.# Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex DC. Clusiaceae Kuji-thekera __ March-Sept Fruit Infusion of dry pericarp is
JB/NC 071 given in diarrhoea,
dysentery and flatulence.
89.# Garcinia lancifolia (G.Don.) Clusiaceae Rupahi __ April-Oct Fruit Same as above
Roxb thekera
JB/NC 072
90.# Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. Clusiaceae Bor thekera __ Feb-Jun Fruit Same as above
DHC 13
91. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Gomari __ March-Jun Leaf Leaf decoction is given in
JB/NC 073 indigestion and flatulence.
92.# Gomphrena celosioides Mart. Amaranthaceae Leheti __ Jun-Sept Tender Taking regularly as
JB/NC 074 shoot vegetable acts as blood
purifier.
93. Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Rubiaceae Bon-jaluk __ Jun-Dec Tender Decoction is given in body
Lamk. shoot ache and peptic ulcer.
JB/NC 075
94. Hedyotis diffusa L. Rubiaceae Bon-jaluk __ April-Dec Tender Same as above
JB/NC 076 shoot
95. Heliotropium indicum L. Boraginaceae Hatisuriya __ April-Aug Leaf Leaf paste is applied to
JB/NC 077 sprain
96. Hibiscus mutabilis L. Malvaceae Sthala __ Flower Paste is given in
JB/NC 078 padma bud menorrhagia.
97. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Malvaceae Jobaphul China rose Jan-Dec Leaf Leaf paste is used as
JB/NC 079 shampoo to remove
dandruff.
98.# Hibiscus sabdarifolia L. Malvaceae Tengamora __ Tender Decoction is prescribed in
JB/NC 080 shoot diarrhoea or dysentery
99. Homalomena aromatica Araceae Gondh- __ Jun-Oct Rhizome Rhizome paste is given in
(Roxb.) Schott. kochu stomach ailments.
DHC 14
100. Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Saururaceae Mosondori __ Jun-Aug Leaf Leaf decoction is given in
# JB/NC 081 flatulence, diarrhoea and
dysentery
101. Hydrocotyl sibthropioides Apiaceae Soru- __ May-Nov Whole Juice of the whole plant is
Lamk. manimuni plant given to kill intestinal
JB/NC 082 worms. Decoction is given
in diarrhoea and
dysentery. Taken as
vegetable is said to be
beneficial in improving
memory.
102. Ichnocarpus frutescens R.Br. Apocynaceae Dudhkuri Black Sept-Dec Root Root juice is used in fever
DHC 15 lota creeper and diabetes
103. Impatiens balsamina L. Balsaminaceae Dam-deuka Garden Feb-Aug Stem, Extract of grounded leaves
JB/NC 083 balsam leaf is given in jaundice. Stem
juice is applied on corns.
Stem and leaf paste is
applied on abdomen to
cure urinary trouble.
104. Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Convolvulaceae Pani- Swamp Aug-Feb Tender Taken as a vegetable is

37
Jitu Buragohain/Rec Res Sci Tech 3 (2011) 31-42

JB/NC 084 kolmow cabage shoot said to be useful in

diabetes and as
galactagogue to nursing
mothers.
105. Justiicia adhatoda L. Acanthaceae Boga-bahok __ Nov-April Root, Powder of dry roots is
JB/NC 085 leaf applied on ulcers. Warmed
juice is used as message
on lower abdomen after
childbirth for uterus
contraction.
106. Kaempferia galanga L. Zingiberaceae Gathion __ March-May Rhizome Rhizome paste is applied
DHC 16 on skins as emollient and
bright Decoction is given in
cough and cold
107. Kayea assamica King et Clusiaceae Sia-nahor __ April-July Fruit Used as fish poison
Prain
DHC 17
108. Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Cucurbitaceae Jati-lao Bottle Flower Juice is applied to burn
# Standl. guard injury.
JB/NC 086
109. Lasia spinosa (L.) Thw. Araceae Chengmora __ Dec-Feb Rhizome Boiled rhizome is
# DHC 18 prescribed for irregular
menstruation and juice of
the same is given in
leucorrhoea.
110. Leonurus japnicus Houtt. Lamiaceae Rong-doron Siberian Feb-May Leaf Leaf juice is applied on
JB/NC 087 mother sore eyes
wort
111. Lepidium sativum L. Brassicaceae Halim-sak Garden April-Aug Tender Taken as a vegetable is
# JB/NC 088 cress shoot said to be useful for liver.
112. Leucas plukeneti (Roth.) Spr. Lamiaceae Doron __ Jan-Dec Leaf Leaf juice is given as nasal
# JB/NC 089 drops in sinusitis.
113. Lindernia pusilla (Willd.) Bold Scrophulariaceae Gakhiroti- __ Sept-Jan Whole Decoction is given to
JB/NC 090 bon plant women after childbirth to
promote milk.
114. Lindernia ruellioides (Colsm.) Scrophulariaceae Kasidoria __ Oct-Feb Whole Paste is applied to
Pennel. bon plant tonsillitis.
JB/NC 091
115. Litsea salicifolia (Roxb. ex Lauraceae Dighloti __ Feb-Jun Leaf Leaf decoction is given in
Nees.) Hook.f. JB/NC 092 dysentery
116. Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Onagraceae Pani jolokia __ Jan-Dec Whole Paste is applied to fungal
Raven. plant infections of toes.
JB/NC 093
117. Machilus bombyciana King Lauraceae Som __ March-Jun Fruit Paste is given as
ex Hook.f. anthelmentic.
JB/NC 094
118. Malva verticillata L. Syn. M. Malvaceae Lofa __ Dec-March Leaf Taken as vegetable helps
# parviflora L. in stomach ailments.
JB/NC 095
119. Melastoma malabathricum L. Melastomaceae Phutuka Indian Jan-Dec Leaf Paste is applied to cuts
JB/NC 096 rhododend and wounds
ron
120. Melia azedarach L. Meliaceae Ghora neem __ March-July Bark, leaf Paste of bark and infusion
JB/NC 097 of leaves are applied in
skin diseases.
121. Melochia corchorifolia L. Sterculiaceae Bonmora Wild jute July-Sept Root Paste is applied in sore lip
JB/NC 098 bark
122. Meyna spinosa Link. Rubiaceae Kutkura __ March-Nov Leaf, Leaf paste is used as
JB/NC 099 fruit, shampoo. Paste of ripe
seed fruits is applied in cracked
heels and used in stomach
cancer. Dried fruits are
eaten and are said to be
useful in piles. Seed paste
is used in abortion and
applied to pimples.
123. Mikania micrantha Kunth. Asteraceae Premlota, __ Sept-Jan Leaf Leaf juice is given in

38
Jitu Buragohain/Rec Res Sci Tech 3 (2011) 31-42

JB/NC 100 japanilota stomach pain and

dysentery. Leaf paste is
applied to cuts and
wounds to stop bleeding.
124. Mimosa pudica L. Mimosaceae Lajuki lota __ Jan-Dec Root, Root paste is given in
JB/NC 101 leaf jaundice. Taking root juice
with milk is said to
increase the sexual vigour.
Leaf paste is applied in
skin disease
125. Mollugo pentaphylla L. Aizoaceaea Setkopora Indian Aug-Oct Leaf Leaf juice is prescribed to
JB/NC 102 chickweed women after childbirth. It is
useful for urinary troubles.
126. Monochoria hastata (L.) Pontederiaceae Bhat meteka __ Aug-Nov Leaf Leaf juice is given as
Solms. digestive.
JB/NC 103
127. Morus australis Poir. Moraceae Nuni Common March-Jun Flower Paste is given in
JB/NC 104 mulberry constipation
128. Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng Rutaceae Narasingha Curry-leaf April-Jun Leaf Leaf decoction is given in
# JB/NC 105 plant dyspepsia and dysentery
129. Musa bulbiciana Colla Musaceae Athia kol __ July-Sept fruit Infusion is given in
# JB/NC 106 dysentery, diarrhoea and
as anthelmintic.
130. Musa sapientum L. Musaceae Pura kol, Plantain Sept-Jan Fruit Unripe fruits are boiled
# Collection No. ??? Kach kol and are given in diarrhoea.
131. Myrica nagi Thunb. Myricacceae Noga tenga __ Jan-April Stem Decoction is prescribed for
bark asthma, cough and
diarrhoea.
132. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Oleaceae Sewali phul Night Sept-Jan, Flower Eaten cooked is useful in
JB/NC 107 jasmine April-Jun malaria, measles, as blood
purifier and diabetes.
133. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. Bignoniaceae Bhat-ghila __ Nov-March Stem Decoction is given in sour
JB/NC 108 bark mouth and tongue
134. Oxalis corniculata L. Oxalidaceae Tengeshi, Indian Jun-Dec Whole Decoction is given in
JB/NC 109 cangeri sorrel plant dysentery and diarrhoea.
tenga
135. Oxalis corymbosa DC. Oxalidaceae Bor tengeshi Wood Jan-May Whole Same as above
JB/NC 110 sorrel plant
136. Paederia scandens (Lour.) Rubiaceae Bhedailota __ Sept-Dec Tender Decoction is given in
# Merr. leaf and dysentery, diarrhea,
JB/NC 111 shoot abdominal pains and
flatulence.
137. Peperomia pellucida L. Peperomiaceae Ponow- __ Aug-Jan Whole Paste is applied on burns
JB/NC 112 nowa plant for quick relief.
138. Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis Acanthaceae Ronga __ Jan-May Flower Eaten as vegetable is
# (Hardw.)Mabb. JB/NC 113 bahok, tita useful in rheumatism,
phul anemia and cough
139. Phyllanthes fraternus Webst. Euphorbiaceae Pani __ July-Dec Root, Root juice is given in
JB/NC 114 amlakhi,bhui tender jaundice. Shoot decoction
amlakhi shoot is prescribed for dysentery
140. Phyllanthes virgatus G.Forst. Euphorbiaceae Pani __ Jun-Nov Root, Same as above
JB/NC 115 amlakhi tender
shoot
141. Physaslis minima L. Solanaceae Kopalphuta Sunberry Oct-March Leaf Ripe fruits are considered
JB/NC 116 as diuretic.
142. Piper betle L. Piperacaea Pan Betel March-May Leaf Leaf paste is applied on
# JB/NC 117 cuts and wounds for quick
healing. Petiole paste is
applied on piles as well as
children to act as laxative.
143. Plantago erosa Wall. Plantaginaceae Singa-pat __ April-July Leaf Leaf paste is applied to cut
JB/NC 118 and wounds.
144. Polygonum chinense L. Polygonaceae Modhu- __ Sept-March Tender Infusion of tender shoots is
JB/NC 119 soleng shoot useful in dysentery.
145. Polygonum hydropiper L. Polygonaceae Pothorua Water Aug-March Whole Decoction is used as
JB/NC 120 bihoongoni pepper, plant anthelmentic. Whole plant
Pepperwor is dried and put in cloth or

39
Jitu Buragohain/Rec Res Sci Tech 3 (2011) 31-42

t under mattresses to drive

away moth and other
insects.
146. Portulaca oleracea L. Portulacaceae Malbhog Common May-Sept Whole Decoction is given in
JB/NC 121 saki garden plant dysentery and the paste is
Pursslane. applied on wounds and
burns.
147. Pouzolzia zeylanicca (L.) Urticaceae Borali-bokua __ May-Jan Whole Paste is applied on sprain
Benn. plant and also cut and wounds.
JB/NC 122
148. Psidium guajava L. Myrtaceae Modhuri am Guava April-Nov Stem Bark decoction is given in
JB/NC 123 bark, blood dysentery. The
Leaf extract of grounded leaves
is given in piles and
diarrhoea.
149. Punica granatum L. Punicaceae Dalim Pomegran March-Jan Root, Root juice is given in
JB/NC 124 ate tender urinary trouble. Decoction
shoot of tender shoots is given in
and fruit diarrhoea. Juice of the
mature fruit is dropped in
conjunctivitis.
150. Quisqualis indica L. Combretaceae Malati phul Rangoon March-Aug Root Decoction is given as
JB/NC 125 crceeper anthelmintic.
151. Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Bl. Orchidaceae Kopou-phul __ April-Jun Flower Paste is applied as
DHC 19 emollient on face.
152. Rubus alceifolius Poir Rubiaceae Jetuli-poka, __ Aug-Dec Root, Root extract is given to
JB/NC 125 jejeli-poka tender relive pain in
shoot, dysmenorrhea. Decoction
fruit of tender shoot is
prescribed for cough and
pneumonia. Unripe fruit is
rubbed over tongue to
cure fungal infection.
153. Sapindus mukorossi Sapindaceae Moni-chal, Soap-nut April-Dec Seed Seed paste with hot water
Gaertn..f. ritha tree is used as gargle in
JB/NC 126 tonsillitis and pharyngitis.
Seed decoction is also
applied on scabies.
154. Saraca asoka (Roxb.) de Caesalpiniaceae Ashok goch __ May-Aug Seed Seed paste is given in
Wilde. urinary complaints.
JB/NC 127
155. Sarcochlamys pulcherima Urticaceae Mechaki Dogal tree Jun-Dec Tender Decoction is given in
# (Roxb.) Gaud. JB/NC 128 shoot dysentery. Eaten cooked
with pork is said to
facilitate the digestion of
fats by the Mishing people.
156. Sauropus androgyns (L.) Euphorbiaceae Bari-sundari Stargoose Jan-Dec Fruit Paste is given as
Merr. berry anthelmintic.
JB/NC 129
157. Scoparia dulcis L. Scrophulariaceae Cheni-bon, Sweet July-Oct Stem Infusion is prescribed for
JB/NC 130 bon dhania broomwee gastritis.
d
158. Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Fabaceae Bok-phul Sesban, March-Aug Leaf Juice is prescribed as
Pers. Swamp gargle in sore throat and
JB/NC 131 pea mouth.
159. Sida acuta Burm. f. Malvaceae sonborial Snake’s Sept-Nov Root Decoction is given in
JB/NC 132 tongue stomach pain.
160. Smilax perfoliata Lour. Smilaceae Tikoni-borua __ March-Aug Stem, Stem is used as
# JB/NC 133 tender toothbrush to strengthen
shoot the gums. Tender shoot is
taken in curries and is
useful as blood purifier.
161. Solanum indicum L. Solanaceae Tita bhekuri Indian May-Oct Fruit Eaten in curries or roasted
JB/NC 134 nightshade is useful as blood purifier.
162. Solanum nigrum L. Solanaceae Loch-kochi, Black March-Nov Tender Eaten in curries is useful in
# JB/NC 135 Pokmow nightshade shoot dysentery. Juice is applied
on skin diseases.

40
Jitu Buragohain/Rec Res Sci Tech 3 (2011) 31-42

163. Solanum torvum Sw. Solanaceae Hati-bhekuri __ May-Sept Fruit Eaten in curries is useful in
# JB/NC 136 stomach problems
164. Spilanthes acmella (auct. non Asteraceae Bonoria Para cress Jan-Dec Infloresc Chewed in sore mouth and
L.) Merr. malkthi, ence tongue and also in the
JB/NC 137 Suhuni bon inflammation of the throat.
165. Spondius pinnata (L.f.) Kurz. Anacardiaceae Amora Hog plum, March-Dec Stem Decoction is given in blood
# Collection No.??? wild bark, dysentery. Leaf juice is
mango leaf, fruit dropped in the ear in
otalgia. If fruits are taken
in curries regularly, it is
said to cure chronic
dysentery.
166. Stellaria media (L.) Villars. Caryophyllaceae Morolia-sak, __ March-Sept Whole Juice is prescribed for
JB/NC 138 thutoni bon plant piles.
167. Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Saura Toothbrus Jan-Jun Stem, Used as toothbrush to
JB/NC 139 h tree, cure toothache.
seamese
rough bush
168. Tabernaemontana divaricata Apocynaceae Kothona Crepe May-Nov Root, Root juice is given in
(L.) R.Br. ex Roem.et Schult. phul jasmine malaria.
JB/NC 140
169. Talauma hodgsonii Hook.f. et Magnoliaceae Borhomothu __ April-July Stipule Chewed with betel nut and
Thomson ri with bud betel leaf is said to
DHC 20 strengthen gums and
teeth.
170. Telanthera ficoidea Mog. Amaranthaceae Brindadbon Joy weed March-May Tender Paste is applied on cuts
DHC 21 shoot and wounds.
171. Triumfettta rhomboidea Jacq. Tiliaceae Bon ogora __ Sept-Nov Stem Bark decoction is given in
JB/NC 141 bark, burning sensation caused
Leaf by urinary troubles. Leaf
decoction is given in
diarrhoea.
172. Urena lobata L. Malvaceae Bor-sonbrial Aramina, July-Dec Leaf Leaf paste is given in the
JB/NC 142 Cadilla treatment of sores.
173. Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Pochotia Chinese April-Aug Leaf Paste is applied on
JB/NC 143 chaste tree scabies and decoction is
given in pneumonia.
174. Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) Rutaceae Tezmui, __ March-May Root, Root juice is given in
DC Tezmuri stem, pneumonia, and rubbed on
JB/NC 144 fruit the gums in toothache.
Stem is used as
toothbrush in pyorrhea.
Fruit is chewed as
siallagogue and also as
fish poison.
175. Zanthoxyllum oxyphyllum Rutaceae Mezenga __ March-July Tender Tender shoots are taken
# Edgew. shoot, as vegetable, which are
JB/NC 145 fruit useful in stomach trouble.
If taken regularly it is said
to cure leucoderma and
act as blood purifier. If
young shoots are cooked
with pork, it is said to
reduce the fat content.
Fruit is used as spice and
helps in digestion.
__ not known # sold in the market JB – Jitu Buragohain NC – Namrup College DHC – Digital herbarium collection
Table 2 Number and percentage of plants used against different ailments
Sl. No Name of diseases No. of Plant % of plant
1 Gastrointestinal problems 48 27%
2 Gynecological problems 29 17%
3 Cuts and wounds 17 10%
4 Respiratory ailments 17 10%
5 Skin diseases 15 6%
6 Blood purifier 9 5%
7 Urinary trouble 9 5%
8 Malaria 5 3%

41
Jitu Buragohain/Rec Res Sci Tech 3 (2011) 31-42

Result and Discussion Conclusion

In the present investigation, information on 175 plant The information provided in the paper is limited and there
species belonging to 76 families (Table 1) were collected, is always a scope to initiate more ethnomedicobotanical study
verified and authenticated. Among them, 36% were herbs, among the ethnic communities of Assam to gather information
24% shrubs and 17% trees (Fig. 2). These plants were used in as far as possible. The knowledge that ethnic people of Assam
the treatment of approximately 56 human ailments. Majority of used for plants gives a clear idea about the crude botanical
the plants described in the present investigation was used in preparation of traditional sources of medicinal plants. The
stomach ailments such as dysentery and diarrhoea, dyspepsia, claims incorporated in present study can be extended for future
flatulence, abdominal pain, constipation, removal of intestinal scientific investigation in the area of core pharmacology and
worms etc. Dysentery and diarrhoea alone accounted for 21% phytochemistry to unveil hidden novel entity for safe
plant species. The gastrointestinal problems are the common therapeutic uses.
ailments among the rural people because of poor hygienic
Acknowledgement
condition, sanitation facility along with contaminated food and
The author is thankful to the UGC, New Delhi for providing
water. Next to stomach problems, the most frequently claimed
him financial assistance in the form of Major Research Project
uses were for gynecological problems such as menstrual
[F. No. 38-145/2009 (SR)]. The author also acknowledges the
trouble (dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia), leucorrhoea, abortion,
contribution from the local residents of Tinsukia district in the
post-natal development, galactogue to nursing mother etc. This
form of wisdom and logistics during field work.
could be one of the reasons that a number of rural women
were found to have the experience and knowledge in herbal References
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