Telecom Network - Basics
Telecom Network - Basics
itelcotech
Rahul Kaundal
www.itelcotech.com
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• Evolution of telecom technologies
• Standards & Specifications
• Telecom Network Architecture
• What is Telecom Mast
• Different Types of Masts/Cells
• Different Types of Antennas
• What is User Equipment
• Radio Access Network
• Transport Network
• Core Network
Evolution of Telecom Technologies
6G
5G
4G
2030
2020
3G
2010 1000Gbps
20Gbps
2G 1Gbps 0.1ms
2000
1ms
1990 42Mbps 10ms
- Immersive
Deployment date - Enhanced
384kbps 200ms comm.
mobile Integrated AI
- Fast
broadband - Massive
DL Speed mobile
600ms broadband
- Massive comm.
- Mobile IOT
Latency - NB-IOT - Hyper
broadband - Ultra low
- VoLTE reliable low
-Digital Voice - Voice latency latency
-Text -Multimedia
Services
-GPRS
Standards & Specifications
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
3GPP Specifications
• 3GPP keeps on releasing new specifications
quite often with new features and use cases
MME HSS
IMS PCRF
What is Telecom Tower/Mast?
G
S
M Cell Area 1
G G
S S Cell Area 2
Cell Area 3 M M
BTS Location
It is the entity interfacing the user and allows the communication between users and Network
Different types of Masts/Cells
BTS
BTS
b) Micro Cell: A microcell c) Pico cell: This has the c) Small Cell: are low-
a) Macro Cell: A macro cell
uses low antenna height. antennas inside a powered radio access
is a traditional cell with
The antenna is mounted building. This indoor cell nodes that have a range
the antenna above the
outdoors. The waves covers a building or a up to few hundred
average obstacle
propagate between the part of a building. This is meters. They are "small"
(building) height. This
buildings and not over the the best solution when compared to macro cell,
gives a good outdoor
roof tops. The cell size is high capacity and very which may have a range
coverage, and pretty
typically 150 to 200 good indoor coverage is of a few tens of
good indoor coverage.
meters. required. kilometers.
Different types of Masts – Physical appearance
BTS site is a space where mobile tower is installed along with shelter room to in house base transreceiver station
equipment. A generator set is also placed for provision of power back up. The mobile tower has GSM and microwave
antennas mounted on top.
Microwave
antennas
GSM antenna
Shelter
Roof Top Pole (RTP) Roof Top Tower (RTT) Ground Base Tower (GBT) Ground Base Pole (GBP)
Different types of Antennas
Antenna Types
GSM Antennas: These antennas are installed on tower / pole top
and are used to radiate RF signal.
These are available with multiple ports (2/4/6/8/10) to support High Gain Antenna
different frequency bands ( 900/1800/2100/2300 MHz). City Antenna IBS Antenna Microwave
(Rural / highway
(Urban) (Indoors) Antenna
Application)
For better indoor penetration and highway coverage –high gain
antennas are used.
Routers, Mesh
IOT devices
Evolution from basic mobile to smart phones
Radio Units
CPRI (Common
RAN - Site
11 Public Radio
interface)
Transport Network
Source on which information flows from transmitter to receiver is called as “Transport Media”
Communication media refers to the means of delivering and receiving data or information. In telecommunication, these means are
transmission and storage tools or channels for data storage and transmission.
RF Spectrum
BSC
Fiber
SGSN
Transport Network
MME HSS
Backhaul (Fiber/Microwave)
CPRI SGW PGW
100 Mbps – 1 Gbps
1 – 10 Gbps
IMS PCRF
Core Network
NAS Signaling User subscription data
Registration
Access Authentication
Authentication credentials
RRM Mobility management control Updates location register
Access
User/control
plane
Connection
setup
MME HSS
Record Billing
SGW PCRF Policy rules for data
rates ,QoS, quota
EUTRAN
PGW
QoS handling
Control Plane UE IP allocation
Mobility anchor Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
User Plane UL/DL charging
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