1 +Telecom+Network+Overview
1 +Telecom+Network+Overview
R A H U L K A U N DA L
W W W. I T E LC OT E C H . C O M
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• Evolution of telecom technologies
• Standards & Specifications
• Telecom Network Architecture
• What is Telecom Mast
• Different Types of Masts/Cells
• Different Types of Antennas
• What is User Equipment
• Radio Access Network
• Transport Network
• Core Network
Evolution of Telecom Technologies
6G
5G
4G
2030
2020
3G
2010 1000Gbps
20Gbps
2G 1Gbps 0.1ms
2000
1ms
1990 42Mbps 10ms
- Immersive
Deployment date - Enhanced
384kbps 200ms comm.
mobile Integrated AI
- Fast
broadband
DL Speed mobile - Massive
600ms broadband
- Massive comm.
- Mobile IOT
Latency - NB-IOT - Hyper
broadband - Ultra low
- VoLTE reliable low
-Digital Voice - Voice latency latency
-Text -Multimedia
Services
-GPRS
Standards & Specifications
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
3GPP Specifications
• 3GPP keeps on releasing new specifications
quite often with new features and use cases
MME HSS
IMS PCRF
What is Telecom Tower/Mast?
G
S
M Cell Area 1
G G
S S Cell Area 2
Cell Area 3 M M
BTS Location
It is the entity interfacing the user and allows the communication between users and Network
Different types of Masts/Cells
BTS
BTS
BTS site is a space where mobile tower is installed along with shelter room to in house base transreceiver station
equipment. A generator set is also placed for provision of power back up. The mobile tower has GSM and microwave
antennas mounted on top.
Microwave
antennas
GSM antenna
Shelter
Roof Top Pole (RTP) Roof Top Tower (RTT) Ground Base Tower (GBT) Ground Base Pole (GBP)
Different types of Antennas
Antenna Types
GSM Antennas: These antennas are installed on tower / pole top
and are used to radiate RF signal.
These are available with multiple ports (2/4/6/8/10) to support High Gain Antenna
different frequency bands ( 900/1800/2100/2300 MHz). City Antenna IBS Antenna Microwave
(Rural / highway
(Urban) (Indoors) Antenna
Application)
For better indoor penetration and highway coverage –high gain
antennas are used.
Routers, Mesh
IOT devices
Evolution from basic mobile to smart phones
Radio Units
CPRI (Common
RAN - Site
11 Public Radio
interface)
Transport Network
Source on which information flows from transmitter to receiver is called as “Transport Media”
Communication media refers to the means of delivering and receiving data or information. In telecommunication, these means are
transmission and storage tools or channels for data storage and transmission.
RF Spectrum
BSC
Fiber
SGSN
Transport Network
MME HSS
Backhaul (Fiber/Microwave)
CPRI SGW PGW
100 Mbps – 1 Gbps
1 – 10 Gbps
IMS PCRF
Core Network
NAS Signaling User subscription data
Registration
Access Authentication
Authentication credentials
RRM Mobility management control Updates location register
Access
User/control
plane
Connection
setup
MME HSS
Record Billing
SGW PCRF Policy rules for data
rates ,QoS, quota
EUTRAN
PGW
Control Plane QoS handling
UE IP allocation
Mobility anchor Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
User Plane UL/DL charging