9bi0 01 Rms 20220818
9bi0 01 Rms 20220818
9bi0 01 Rms 20220818
Summer 2022
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Summer 2022
Question Paper Log Number P67087A
Publications Code 9BI0_01_2206_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2022
General Marking Guidance
• gram negative bacteria have {a thinner peptidoglycan cell wall / ACCEPT less peptidoglycan
an (outer) lipopolysaccharide (layer) / an outer membrane } (1) murein for peptidoglycan (1)
larger periplasm (space)
no teichoic acid (in cell wall)
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Question
Number
1(b)(i)
• 0.308 / 0.31 / 0.3 (1) (1)
• due to {independent / random} assortment (of chromosomes) (1) ACCEPT description e.g. pairs of homologous
chromosomes line up (on the equator) randomly
• (and) due to crossing over between chromatids (between the ACCEPT description e.g. genetic material is
same homologous chromosomes) (1) swapped between chromatids (between the same
homologous chromosomes) (2)
• (contact between sperm and secondary oocyte results in) ACCEPT ovum / egg cell / female gamete
acrosome reaction (1) description e.g. enzymes are released from
the acrosome
DO NOT ACCEPT if described after cortical reaction
or fusion of two cells
• meiosis is completed (1)
• cortical reaction takes place (1) ACCEPT description e.g. cortical granules are
released that {hardens the membrane / forms a
fertilisation membrane}
(3)
• fusion of sperm {nucleus / genetic material} with {nucleus genetic ACCEPT egg cell / nuclei of the gametes
material} of ovum (1)
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
3(a)
The only correct answer is A
B is incorrect because Plasmodium is the genus name not the species name
• {gene / DNA / genetic material} coding for toxin isolated (from the ACCEPT mRNA isolated and used to synthesise the
spiders) (1) gene / base sequence of gene determined and
used to synthesise a gene
• using {restriction enzymes / (restriction) endonucleases} (1) ACCEPT in context of vector DNA
• (spider) gene inserted into fungus using a {vector / named vector} e.g. virus / plasmid / gene gun / injection
(1) (3)
• risk of other organisms being affected by the genetically-modified e.g. toxins could harm other organisms, transfer
fungus is avoided (1) of genes into other organisms
ACCEPT unknown risks
• organisms that feed on mosquitoes will not lose their food supply ACCEPT biodiversity maintained / ecosystems not
(1) disrupted / food chain not disrupted
(3)
• some people believe that modifying DNA is {wrong / unethical} (1)
• drawing length of bacteria given in µm or nm / drawing length of ACCEPT between 95 000 µm / 95 000 000 nm
virus given in µm or nm and 115 000 µm / 115 000 000 nm for bacteria
between 7 000 µm / 7 000 000 nm and
OR 8 000 µm / 8 000 000 nm for virus
• virus to attach to host cells / {genetic material / DNA} to enter ACCEPT virus {enters / infects}
host cells (1) DO NOT ACCEPT RNA
• correct values read from graph and divided by the time (1) 3.8 and 1.7 and a division by 40
(2)
• more carbon dioxide and higher temperatures (below optimum) ACCEPT pieced together
mean more GALP formed (1)
• higher carbon dioxide concentration means {more carbon dioxide ACCEPT description e.g. carbon dioxide reacting
for / faster} {light-independent stage / Calvin cycle / carbon with RuBP
fixation} (1)
• higher temperatures means that RUBISCO can catalyse carbon ACCEPT temperatures too high, RUBISCO will
fixation faster (1) denature
• because the {two polar groups / outside layers} will interact with ACCEPT form H bonds with water
the aqueous environment (on each side of membrane) (1)
• bacteria with higher optimum growth temperatures have a greater ACCEPT positive correlation between optimum
percentage of branched chain fatty acids (1) growth temperature and percentage of branched-
chain fatty acids
converse
• the greater the percentage of branched chain fatty acids the ACCEPT bacteria with optimum temperature
greater the range of optimum growth temperature (1) between 20°C and 40°C had the greatest range in
percentage of branched-chain fatty acids
converse
• an optimum growth temperature of more than 40°C needs at least (2)
30% of branched chains (1)
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
6(d) An explanation that makes reference to the following: ACCEPT converse i.e. what would happen if
membrane composition did not change
• because membranes control {permeability / what can enter and ACCEPT membranes become more {permeable /
leave the cell} (1) leaky} at higher temperatures
• such as {uptake of nutrients / uptake of oxygen / removal of waste ACCEPT named nutrients / waste products
products} (1)
• from a high water potential to a low water potential / because the ACCEPT more concentrated cytoplasm
osmotic potential inside the cell is lower / from a low solute solute potential for osmotic potential (2)
concentration to a higher solute concentration (1)
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
7(a)(iv) A description that makes reference to three of the following:
• macrophage becomes an antigen-presenting cell (to the T helper ACCEPT macrophage presents the antigen (to the
cell) (1) T helper cell)
• (other : pulmonary) 2.5 : 1 / 2.5 / 1 : 0.4 / 0.4 DO NOT ACCEPT with units (1)
• (partial pressure of oxygen is low in) pulmonary artery is carrying ACCEPT deoxygenated as it has come back from the
deoxygenated blood to lungs (1) body
• (partial pressure of oxygen is high in) arterial blood is carrying ACCEPT oxygenated as it has been through lungs
oxygenated blood to the {body / cells / tissues} (1) (2)
• because HIF can switch on gene (expression) (1) ACCEPT increased gene expression
• bind to a promotor region / stimulate transcription / stimulate ACCEPT increase rate of transcription
protein synthesis} (1) IGNORE enzymes (2)
• for {enzymes / proteins} involved in glycolysis (1) ACCEPT named {enzyme / protein} involved in
glycolysis e.g. enzyme that makes NAD
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
8(b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to the following:
• (because if conditions are hypoxic) there is not much oxygen ACCEPT no oxygen
available to act as a terminal electron acceptor (1)
• levels of HIF-2 remain high (after a small decrease) but levels of (2)
HIF-1 fall (1)
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
8(b)(iv) An explanation that makes reference to two of the following:
• HIF-1 and HIF-2 switch on different genes (1) ACCEPT bind to different promotor regions
• {products / transcription of gene} resulting from the presence of ACCEPT converse for HIF-1
HIF-2 are needed {for longer periods of hypoxia / to sustain
glycolysis} (1) (2)
• as a standard for comparison (1) ACCEPT a description e.g. so that the effects of
lower humidities can be seen
• to prevent {water loss / dehydration} (before the start of the ACCEPT reduce water loss
investigation) (1) so there will be water in the tracheoles
(2)
• as this is the highest humidity {they could tolerate / that could be ACCEPT higher humidities might be harmful
produced} (1)
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
9(b)(iv) An explanation that makes reference to three of the following: ACCEPT converse where appropriate
• water loss increases with decrease in humidity as there is more ACCEPT fewer water molecules in air / down a
room for water molecules (1) (water vapour) concentration gradient (into air)
• water loss is greater in air with higher levels of carbon dioxide as ACCEPT breathing rate / gas exchange
ventilation rate is faster (1)
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