KitabCd Academy

Solutions Class 10-

Chapter -3-
Chemical
Reactions and
Equations
Maharashtra Board- Science
& Technology Part-1

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 Class 10-Chapter -3-Chemical Reactions and Equations

Question 1:

Choose the correct option from the bracket and explain the statement giving
reason.
(Oxidation, displacement, electrolysis, reduction, zinc, copper, double
displacement, decomposition)
a. To prevent rusting, a layer of ........ metal is applied on iron sheets.
b. The conversion of ferrous sulphate to ferric sulphate is ........ reaction.
c. When electric current is passed through acidulated water ........ of water
takes place.
d. Addition of an aqueous solution of ZnSO4 to an aqueous solution of
BaCl2 is an example of ....... reaction.

Answer:

a. To prevent rusting, a layer of zinc metal is applied on iron sheets.

The rusting of iron is an oxidation process. Due to corrosion of an iron a deposit of

reddish substance (Fe203.H2O) is formed on it. This substance is called rust. To
prevent corrosion, a layer of zinc metal (galvanisation) is applied on iron sheets.

b. The conversion of ferrous sulphate to ferric sulphate is oxidation reaction.

When ferric ion is formed from ferrous ion, the positive charge is increased by one
unit. While this happens the ferrous ion loses one electron. A process in which a
metal or its ion loses one or more electrons is called an oxidation.

2FeSO4 —- Fe2(SO4)3

Fe2+ +SO42- —> 2Fe3+ + 3S042-

Net reaction : Fe2+ --> Fe3+ +e-

Ferrous Ferric
c. When electric current is passed through acidulated water of electrolysis water
takes place.

This decomposition takes place with the help of an electric current, it is also called
electrolytic decomposition.

𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
2H2O(l) → 2H2 + O2 

d. Addition of an aqueous solution of ZnSO4 to an aqueous solution of BaCl2 is an

example of double displacement reaction.

BaCl2aq) + ZNSO4(aq) → BaSO4  + ZNCl2 (aq)

Barium Zinc Barium Zinc
Chloride sulphate sulphate chloride

Barium chloride reacts with zinc sulphate to form a white precipitate of barium sulphate. White
precipitate is formed by exchange of ions Ba++ and SO4-- between the reactants.
Question 2:

Write answers to the following.

a. What is the reaction called when oxidation and reduction take place
simultaneously? Explain with one example.
Answer:
The process in which oxidation and reduction occurs simultaneously is called as redox
reaction.

 Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state by a

molecule, atom, or ion.
 Reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state by a
molecule, atom, or ion.

For example: If we add stannous chloride solution to the yellow solution of ferric
chloride then light green ferrous chloride solution and stannic chloride solution are
produced.
2FeCl3(aq) + SnCl2(aq) → 2FeCl2(aq) + SnCl4(aq)
Before the reaction, 3Cl atoms were attached to each iron atom. After the reaction,
only two chlorine atoms are attached. That is one negative chlorine atom is released.
Therefore, reduction of FeCl3 happened or this reactor on the other hand, before
reaction two chlorine atoms where attached with each atom of tin (stannum). Due to
the above reaction the number of chlorine attached to tin atom increases to four.
That is, oxidation of SnCl2 has taken place. Therefore, in this reaction oxidation of
one substance and reduction of another substance take place simultaneously. This is
called redox reaction.

b. How can the rate of the chemical reaction, namely, decomposition of

hydrogen peroxide be increased?
Answer:
At room temprature, the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
takes place slowly.However the same reaction occures at a faster rate on adding
manganese dioxide (MnO2) powder in it.
c. Explain the term reactant and product giving examples.
Answer:
Reactant: The substance which take part in a chemical reaction are called reactants.
Product: the substance which forms as a result of chemical reaction is called
products.
The new substance produced as a result of chemical reaction is called products.
For example: When two sodium atoms react with two chlorine atoms(reactants), they
give a completely new compound (product) i.e. sodium chloride (two atoms).
2Na+Cl2→2NaCl
d. Explain the types of reaction with reference to oxygen and hydrogen.
Illustrate with examples.
Answer:
There are main three types of chemical reactions with reference to oxygen and
hydrogen:
1.Combination Reaction :
When two atoms react to form a compound, it is know as combination reaction.
Example: H2 + O2→ 2H2O
2. Decomposition Reaction :
When a compound breaks into simple molecular substances from which it is made up
of, it is know as decomposition reaction.
Example: 2H2O→ 2H2 + O2
3. Oxidation and reduction reaction:
Oxidation:
(i) The addition of oxygen to a substance is called oxidation.
(ii) The removal of hydrogen to a substance is called oxidation.
Reduction:
(i) The addition of hydrogen to a substance is called reduction.
(ii) The removal of oxygen to a substance is called reduction.
Example: CuO +H2→Cu + H2O

In the above reaction, copper oxide is changing to Cu. That is, oxygen is being
removed from copper oxide. So, copper oxide is being reduced to copper.
In the above reaction, H2 is changing into H2O. That is oxygen is being added to
hydrogen. So, hydrogen is being oxidised to water.
e. Explain the similarity and difference in two events, namely adding NaOH
to water and adding CaO to water.

Answer:
Chemical equations involved:
1) NaOH(s) + H2O(l) →Na⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) + Δ(HEAT)
2)CaO(s) +H2O(l) → Ca(OH)₂(aq) + Δ(HEAT)
Similarities:
1) Both of the equations are exothermic. It means a lot of heat is evolved during the
reaction.
2) Both reaction form strong basic solution.
Differences :
1) Sodium Hydroxide is strong base dissociates to form Na⁺ and OH⁻ ion. While
Calcium oxide added water to form Calcium Hydroxide which further dissociates.
2) NaOH is a monoacidic base. and CaO is a Di-Acidic base.
3) NaOH, CaO should be added to water gradually with constant stirring.CaO on
reacting with water produces basic solution called as Calcium hydroxide which is used
for white washing and this reaction is more dangerous as compare to NaOH.

Question 3:

Explain the following terms with examples.

a. Endothermic reaction

Answer:
The reaction in which heat is absorbed is called an endothermic reaction.

When KNO3(s) dissolves in water, there is absorption of heat during the reaction and
the temperature of the solution falls.

KNO3(s) + H2O(l) + Heat —-> KNO3(aq)

b. Combination reaction

Answer:

Those reactions in which two or more substances combine to form single substance is
called combination reaction
For example: Magnesium and oxygen combine, when heated, to form magnesium
oxide.
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

c. Balanced equation

Answer:

A balanced equation is an equation for a chemical reaction in which the number of

atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge are the same for both the
reactants and the products. In other words, the mass and the charge are balanced on
both sides of the reaction.
The balanced equation is:
2 Fe2O3 + 3 C → 4 Fe + 3 CO2
Both the left and right sides of the equation have 4 Fe, 6 O, and 3 C atoms. When
you balance equations, it's a good idea to check your work by multiplying the
subscript of each atom by the coefficient. When no subscript is cited, consider it to be
1. It's also good practice to cite the state of matter of each reactant. This is listed in
parentheses immediately following the compound. For example, the earlier reaction
could be written as:
2 Fe2O3(s) + 3 C(s) → 4 Fe(s) + 3 CO2(g)
where s indicates a solid and g is a gas state of matter.

d. Displacement reaction

Answer:
Displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which a more reactive element
displaces a less reactive element from its compound. Both metals and non-metals
take part in displacement reactions.
Chemical reactivity of metals is linked with their relative positions in the activity
series.
A metal placed higher in the activity series can displace the metal that occupies a
lower position from the aqueous solution of its salt.

Example
Question 4:

Give scientific reasons.

a. When the gas formed on heating limestone is passed through freshly
prepared lime water, the lime water turns milky.

Answer :

Limestone is made up of calcium carbonate. When calcium carbonate is heated

Carbon dioxide is evolved.

Lime water is made up of Calcium hydroxide.

When carbon dioxide is passed through lime water, the Carbon dioxide reacts with
calcium hydroxide to form Calcium carbonate which is a white precipitate, then lime
water turns milky as there is formation of calcium carbonate.
CO2+ Ca(OH)2→CaCO3 + H2O

b. It takes time for pieces of Shahabad tile to disappear in HCl, but its
powder disappears rapidly.

Answer :

(1) The rate of a reaction depends upon the size of the particles of the reactants
taking part in the reaction. Smaller the size of the reactants particles, the more will
be their total surface area and faster will be the rate of reaction.
(2) In the reaction of dil. HCl with pieces of Shahabad tile, Co, effervescence is
formed and the tile disappears slowly. On the other hand, CO2 effervescence forms at
faster speed with Shahabad tile powder and it disappears rapidly.

c. While preparing dilute sulphuric acid from concentrated sulphuric acid in

the laboratory, the concentrated sulphuric acid is added slowly to water with
constant stirring.

Answer :

While preparing dilute sulphuric acid from concentrated sulphuric acid in the
laboratory, the concentrated sulphuric acid is added slowly to water with constant
stirring because sulphuric acid (H2SO4) reacts very vigorously with water, it is a
highly exothermic reaction. If you add water to concentrated sulphuric acid, it can
boil and bump out due to which you may get a nasty acid burn. Water is a good
absorber of heat, so we add acid to the water, slowly and with constant stirring, In
this way onlu a small amount of heat is libereted at a time and dilute sulphuric acid is
prepared.
d. It is recommended to use air tight container for storing oil for long time.

Answer :

It is recommended to use air tight container for storing oil for long time in order to
avoid the problem of rancidity. Rancidity is the condition produced by aerial oxidation
of fats and oils marked by unpleasant smell and taste.
Question 5:

Observe the following picture a write down the chemical reaction with
explanation.

Answer:
The rusting of iron is an oxidation process. The rust on iron does not form by a simple
reaction between oxygen and iron surface. The rust is formed by an electrochemical
reaction, Fe oxidises to Fe2O3.H2O on one part of iron surface while oxygen gets
reduced to H2O in another part of surface,

Different regions on the surface of iron become anode and cathode.

(1) Fe is oxidised to Fe2+ in the anode region,
Fe(s) → Fe2+ (aq) + 2e -

(2)O2 is reduced to form water in the cathode region.

O2(g)+4H+(aq)+4e- → 2H2O(l)
When Fe2+ ions migrate from the anode region they react with water and further get
oxidised to form Fe3+ ions.
A reddish coloured hydrated oxide is formed from Fe3+ ions. It is called rust. It collect
on the surface.
2Fe3+(aq) + 4H2O(l) → Fe2O.H2O(s)+6H+(aq)…

Because of various components of atmosphere, oxidation of metals takes place,

consequently resulting in their damage. This is called 'corrosion'. Iron rusts and a
reddish coloured layer is collected on it. This is corrosion of iron.
Question 6:

Identify from the following reaction the reactants that undergo oxidation
and reduction.
a. Fe + S → FeS
b. 2Ag2O → 4 Ag + O2 ↑
c. 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
d. NiO + H2 → Ni + H2O
Answer:

a. Fe + S → FeS
In a reaction, Fe is changing to FeS. That means, iron loses electrons to form FeS.
Loss of electron from a substance is called oxidation, so iron undergoes oxidation.

b. 2Ag2O → 4 Ag + O2 ↑
In a reaction, silver oxide is changing to silver. That is, oxygen is being removed from
silver oxide. Removal of oxygen from substance is called reduction, so silver oxide
undergoes reduction.

c. 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
In a reaction, magnesium is changing to magnesium oxide. That means, oxygen is
being added to magnesium. Addition of oxygen to a substance is called oxidation, so
magnesium undergoes oxidation.

d. NiO + H2 → Ni + H2O
In a reaction, Nickle oxide is changing to nickle. That is, oxygen is being removed
from nickle oxide. Removal of oxygen from substance is called reduction, so nickle
oxide undergoes reduction.In a reaction, hydrogen is changing to H2O. That is,oxygen
is being added to hydrogen. Addition of oxygen to a substance is called oxidation, so
hydrogen undergoes oxidation.

Question 7:

Balance the following equation stepwise.

a. H2S2O7(l) + H2O(l) → H2SO4(l)
Answer:
H2S2O7(l) + H2O(l) → H2SO4(l)
Step1. Count the number of each atom in reactant side:
H= 4
S=2
O=8
Step2. Count the number of each atom in product side:
H= 2
S=1
O=4
Step3.Then balance the number of each atom in an equation by multiplying reactant
and product side with numeral value:
If we multiply product side by 2, then number of atoms in product and reactant side
gets balance.
H2S2O7(l) + H2O(l) → 2H2SO4(l)
b. SO2(g) + H2S(aq) → S(s) + H2O(l)
Answer:
SO2(g) + H2S(aq) → S(s) + H2O(l)
Step1. Count the number of each atom in reactant side:
H= 2
S=2
O=2
Step2. Count the number of each atom in product side:
H= 2
S=1
O=2
Step3.Then balance the number of each atom in an equation by multiplying reactant
and product side with numeral value:
If we multiply H2S by 2 in the reactant side and S by 3 and H2O by 2 in the product
side, then number of atoms in product and reactant side gets balance.
SO2(g) + 2H2S(aq) → 3S(s) + 2H2O(l)
c. Ag(s) + HCl(aq) → AgCl ↓+ H2 ↑
Answer:
Ag(s) + HCl(aq) → AgCl ↓+ H2 ↑
Step1. Count the number of each atom in reactant side:
H= 1
Ag=1
Cl=1
Step2. Count the number of each atom in product side:
H= 2
Ag=1
Cl=1
Step3.Then balance the number of each atom in an equation by multiplying reactant
and product side with numeral value:
If we multiply Ag by 2 and HCl by 2 in the reactant side and AgCl by 2 in the product
side, then number of atoms in product and reactant side gets balance.
2Ag(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2AgCl ↓+ H2 ↑
d. NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l)
Answer:
NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l)
Step1. Count the number of each atom in reactant side:
Na= 1
H=3
O=5
S=1
Step2. Count the number of each atom in product side:
Na= 2
H=2
O=5
S=1
Step3.Then balance the number of each atom in an equation by multiplying reactant
and product side with numeral value:
If we multiply NaOH by 2 in the reactant side and H2O by 2 in the product side, then
number of atoms in product and reactant side gets balance.
2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) +2H2O(l)

Question 8:

Identify the endothermic and exothermic reaction.

a. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O + heat
∆
b. 2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s)+3O2↑
c. CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + heat
∆
d. CaCO3(s) → CaO(s)+CO2↑
Answer:

Identify the endothermic and exothermic reaction.

a. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O + heat
Heat is released in the product side, as it mentioned in the above reaction. So, It is
an exothermic reaction because heat is evolved in exothermic reaction.

∆
b. 2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s)+3O2↑
Heat is given in the product side to break the compound into simpler substances, as it
mentioned in the above reaction. So, It is an endothermic reaction because heat is
supplied in exothermic reaction.

c. CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + heat

Heat is released in the product side, as it mentioned in the above reaction. So, It is
an exothermic reaction because heat is evolved in exothermic reaction.
 ∆
d. CaCO3(s) → CaO(s)+CO2↑
Heat is provided in the product side to break the compound into simpler substances,
as it mentioned in the above reaction. So, It is an endothermic reaction because heat
is supplied in exothermic reaction.

Question 9:

Reactants Products Type of chemical reaction

BaCl2(aq) + ZnSO4(aq) H2CO3(aq) Displacement

2AgCl(s) FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s) Combination

CuSO4(aq) + Fe(s) BaSO4↓ + ZnCl2(aq) Decomposition

H2O(l) + CO2(g) 2Ag(s) + Cl2(g) Double displacement

Answer:

Reactants Products Type of chemical reaction

BaCl2(aq) + ZnSO4(aq) BaSO4↓ + ZnCl2(aq) Double displacement

2AgCl(s) 2Ag(s) + Cl2(g) Decomposition

CuSO4(aq) + Fe(s) FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s) Displacement

H2O(l) + CO2(g) H2CO3(aq) Combination

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