STAT 1P98 – Final Exam Review

The final exam is cumulative and will therefore cover chapters 1 through 12. This final exam
review document covers chapters 7 through 12 only, but please also complete the “Midterm
Review” from October to get more practice on chapter 1 through 6 content.

1. A random sample was conducted, and it was found that 14 people out of 32 like
pineapples on pizza. What is the best point estimate of the proportion of people in the
population who like pineapples on pizza?
a. 0.14
b. 0.43
c. 0.32
d. 0.28

2. Find the value of t ¿2 that corresponds to a confidence level of 90% where n = 17.
a. 1.746
b. 1.645
c. 1.740
d. 1.337

3. When testing a claim that most people drink at least one cup of coffee per day, what are
the null and alternative hypotheses?
a. H 0 : p=0.5 , H 1 : p> 0.5
b. H 0 : p=0.5 , H 1 : p> 0.5
c. H 0 : p ≠ 0.5 , H 1 : p> 0.5
d. H 0 : p=0.5 , H 1 : p ≠ 0.5

4. Find the margin of error E that corresponds to a 95% confidence level for p, where n =
500 and of which, 72% of the values are successes.
a. 0.0201
b. 0.0330
c. 0.0394
d. 0.0517

5. If a given margin of error E is 0.0866 , and a point estimate for the true population
proportion is ^p=0.5394 , find the corresponding confidence interval for the true
population proportion p.
a. 0.4528 < p < 0.6260
b. 0.0866 < p < 0.5394
c. 0.4961 < 0.5827
d. – 0.4528 < p < 0.6260
6. Using the confidence interval from the above question, is there sufficient evidence to
support the claim that p > 0.5?
a. Yes, because 0.5 is included in each of the possible confidence intervals
b. Yes, because values larger than 0.5 are included in each of the possible
confidence intervals
c. No, because values less than and greater than 0.5 are included in each of the
possible confidence intervals so the test is inconclusive
d. No, because we don’t actually know what the largest possible value of p is

7. Use the given sample data to construct a 95% confidence interval for the population
proportion p where n = 195 and x = 162.
a. 0.788 < p < 0.873
b. 0.789 < p < 0.873
c. 0.778 < p < 0.883
d. 0.777 < p < 0.884

8. Use the given data to find the minimum sample size required to estimate the population
proportion. Margin of error: 0.028; confidence level: 99%; p and q unknown.
a. 2223 b. 2115 c. 1732 d. 1116

9. Which critical value is appropriate for a 90% confidence interval for µ where n = 39,  is
unknown, and the population appears to be uniformly distributed?
a. z ¿2=1.96
b. t ¿2=1.686
c. t ¿2=2.023
d. Even though n is larger than 30, no critical value can be found since the
population is not normally distributed

10. A laboratory tested twelve chicken eggs and found that the mean amount of cholesterol
was 185 milligrams with s = 17.6 milligrams. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the
true mean cholesterol content of all such eggs.
a. 175.0 mg < µ < 194.0 mg
b. 175.9 mg < µ < 194.1 mg
c. 173.8 mg < µ < 196.2 mg
d. 173.0 mg < µ < 197.0 mg

11. Use the given information to find the minimum sample size required to estimate an
unknown population mean µ. Margin of error: 0.402, confidence level: 90%,  = 2.6.
a. 114
b. 11
c. 161
d. 126
12. Use the given information to find the P-value. Also, use a 0.05 significance level and state
the conclusion about the null hypothesis (reject the null hypothesis or fail to reject the
null hypothesis). With H 1 : p> 3/5, the test statistic is z = 0.78.
a. 0.2177; fail to reject the null hypothesis
b. 0.4354; reject the null hypothesis
c. 0.4354; fail to reject the null hypothesis
d. 0.7823; reject the null hypothesis

13. A Type I error is the mistake of ________ when it is actually true.

a. failing to reject the alternative hypothesis
b. failing to reject the null hypothesis
c. rejecting the null hypothesis
d. rejecting the alternative hypothesis

14. A formal hypothesis test is to be conducted using the claim that the mean body
temperature is equal to 98.6°F. What is the null hypothesis and how is it denoted?
a. H 0 : μ=98.6° F , H 1 :μ ≠ 98.6 ° F
b. H 0 : μ=98.6° F , H 1 :μ <98.6 ° F
c. H 0 : p=98.6 ° F , H 1 : p< 98.6 ° F
d. H 0 : μ≠ 98.6 ° F , H 1 :μ=98.6 ° F

15. Suppose we want to test the claim that the majority of adults are in favor of raising the
voting age to 21. The hypothesis test is:
a. Left-tailed
b. Right-tailed
c. Two-tailed
d. Inconclusive

16. A claim is made that the proportion of children who play sports is less than 0.5, and the
sample statistics include n = 1320 subjects with 30% saying that they play a sport.
Calculate the test statistic for this left-tailed hypothesis test.
a. 29.66
b. -14.53
c. -29.66
d. 14.53
17. The owner of a football team claims that the average attendance at games is over 523,
and he is therefore justified in moving the team to a city with a larger stadium. Assuming
that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion is failure
to reject the null hypothesis, state the conclusion in nontechnical terms.
a. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is
greater than 523.
b. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is
equal to than 523.
c. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is less
than 523.
d. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is
greater than 523.

18. Assume that a dataset has a normal distribution, and the number of observations is 104.
Find the critical t value used to test a null hypothesis where  = 0.10 for a left-tailed test.
a. 1.660
b. 1.290
c. 1.286
d. 1.984

19. Find sd. Consider the set of differences between two dependent sets: 84, 85, 83, 63, 61,
100, 98. Round to the nearest tenth.
a. 16.2
b. 15.7
c. 13.1
d. 15.3

20. Assume that two samples are independent simple random samples selected from
normally distributed populations. Do not assume that the population standard
deviations are equal. A baker wished to compare the baking times of two different types
of pastries. Independent simple random samples of 25 brownies and 28 croissants were
observed. The baking times, in minutes, were recorded, and the summary statistics are
below. Construct a 90% confidence interval for μ1 - μ2, the difference between the mean
baking time for croissants and the mean baking time for brownies.
Brownies Croissants

1 = 29 mins 2 = 20 mins
s1 = 1.2 mins s2 = 1.7 mins
n1= 25 n2 = 28

a. – 1.8 < μ1 - μ2 < 19.8

b. – 9.5 < μ1 - μ2 < 27.5
c. 9.4 < μ1 - μ2 < 20.2
 d. 8.3 < μ1 - μ2 < 9.7
21. Determine the decision criterion for rejecting the null hypothesis in the given hypothesis
test; i.e., describe the values of the test statistic that would result in rejection of the null
hypothesis. Suppose you wish to test the claim that μd , the mean value of the
differences d for a population of paired data, is greater than 0. Given a sample of n = 15
and a significance level of  = 0.01, what criterion would be used for rejecting the null
hypothesis?
a. Reject the null hypothesis if the test statistic > 2.977 or < -2.977.
b. Reject the null hypothesis if the test statistic > 2.624.
c. Reject the null hypothesis if the test statistic > 2.602.
d. Reject the null hypothesis if the test statistic < 2.624.

22. Determine whether the samples are independent or dependent. The effectiveness of a
headache medicine is tested by measuring the intensity of a headache in patients before
and after drug treatment. The data consist of before and after intensities for each
patient.
a. Dependent samples
b. Independent samples

23. Assume that you want to test the claim that the paired sample data come from a
population for which the mean difference is μd =0. Compute the value of the t test
statistic.

a. 3.156
b. 0.351
c. 1.052
d. 9.468

24. Assume that two samples are independent simple random samples selected from
normally distributed populations, and do not assume that the population standard
deviations are equal. Which distribution is used to test the claim that women have a
higher mean resting heart rate than men?
a. F
b. Normal
c. t
d. chi-square
 25. Express the alternative hypothesis in symbolic form. A professor claims that the mean
amount of time (in hours) sophomores spent studying for the statistics final exam is
more than that of freshmen. Assume that the two samples are independent. Let the
freshmen be the first population and the sophomores be the second population.
a. H 1 : μ 1=μ2
b. H 1 : μ 1> μ 2
c. H 1 : μ 1 ≠ μ2
d. H 1 : μ 1< μ 2

26. Assume that the following confidence interval for the difference in the mean length of
male (sample 1) and female babies (sample 2) at birth was constructed using
independent simple random samples: −0.2∈¿ μ1−μ2 <1.7∈¿ . What does the confidence
interval suggest about the difference in length between male babies and female babies?
a. Male babies are longer.
b. Female babies are longer.
c. There is no difference in the length between male and female babies.

27. What does r measure?

a. The strength of the linear correlation between the paired quantitative x values
and y values in a sample.
b. The strength of the linear correlation between the paired quantitative x values
and y values in a population.
c. The proportion of the variation in the y variable that is explained by the least
squares regression.
d. The proportion of the variation in the y variable that is not explained by the least
squares regression.

28. What does r2 measure?

a. The strength of the linear correlation between the paired quantitative x values
and y values in a sample.
b. The strength of the linear correlation between the paired quantitative x values
and y values in a population.
c. The proportion of the variation in the y variable that is explained by the least
squares regression.
d. The proportion of the variation in the y variable that is not explained by the least
squares regression.

Use the following regression output to answer the next five questions:
 Regression Analysis
r^2 **** 15
r 0.824 1
Std. Error 7.92
Regression output
variables coefficients std. error p-value
Intercept - 25.4 32.87 0.511
Slope 2.53 0.95 0.032

29. Calculate r 2.
a. 0.908
b. 0.679
c. 0.176
d. 0.05

30. What Is the equation of the least-squares regression line?

a. ^y =7.92+ 0.824 x
b. ^y =2.53−25.4 x
c. ^y =−25.4+2.53 x
d. ^y =25.4−2.53 x

31. If x = 5, find ^y .
a. ^y =12.75
b. ^y =−12.75
c. ^y =38.05
d. ^y =−38.05

32. Suppose we wish to test the hypotheses H0: β 1= 0 versus H1: β 1 ≠ 0 at the  = 0.10
significance level. Using the p-values for the regression output variables, which of the
following statements is true?
a. Since H0 is rejected, there is a linear relationship between x and y
b. Since H0 is not rejected, we cannot conclude if there is a linear relationship
between x and y
c. Since H0 is rejected, there is no linear relationship between x and y
d. Since H0 is not rejected, there is a linear relationship between x and y

33. What is the critical value at the  = 0.05 significance level?

a. 1.771
b. 1.761
c. 2.145
d. 2.160
 34. The following data represent the discrete probability distribution for a given sample with
possible outcomes A, B, C, D, and E:

Outcomes A B C D E
Probability 25% 35% 20% 10% 10%
Frequency 16 8 24 12 10

In testing the claim that this sample is from a population in which the probabilities of
each outcome are given in the second row of the table, what is the expected frequency
of the outcome “D” for this sample?
a. 70.0
b. 12.0
c. 1.2
d. 7.0

35. When testing if two variables in a contingency table are independent, find the critical
value if there are 5 rows and 3 columns, at the  = 0.05 significance level.
a. χ 2=15.507
b. χ 2=18.307
c. χ 2=23.685
d. χ 2=24.996

Use the following statement and contingency table to answer the next four questions:

The contingency table below shows the number of customers who shop at each major coffee
chain in Canada, along with their favourite colours. We would like to investigate if coffee
preference and favourite colour are independent variables.

Coffee chain
Favourite Colour Tim Hortons Starbucks Second Cup
Red 22 15 20
Yellow 15 20 18
Green 22 25 22
Blue 19 22 18

36. The degrees of freedom for establishing the critical value of this test are:
a. 4
b. 6
c. 3
d. 12
 37. What is the expected number of individuals whose favourite colour is green and prefer
Tim Hortons coffee?
a. 22.0
b. 78.3
c. 28.5
d. 22.6

38. What is the observed number of individuals whose favourite colour is yellow and prefer
Second Cup coffee?
a. 18.0
b. 17.4
c. 20.5
d. 20.0

2
(O−E)
39. Calculate for the individuals whose favourite colour is green and prefer Tim
E
Hortons coffee.
a. 0.027
b. 0.016
c. – 0.027
d. – 0.016

40. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to test for ________, and requires usage
of the ________ distribution.
a. equality of three or more population proportions, Normal
b. equality of three or more population means, F
c. equality of three or more sample means, F
d. equality of three of more population means, t

Use the following description and table for the next five questions:

Given below are ANOVA results from Excel. Assume that you want to use a 0.05 significance
level in testing the null hypothesis that the different samples come from populations with the
same mean.

41. What is the test statistic?

a. F = 4.02
b. MS = 4.02
c.  = 0.05
 d. F = 0.82
42. The test statistic for one-way ANOVA is equal to ________.
a. SS treatment ÷ SS error
b. SS error ÷ SS treatment
c. MS treatment ÷ MS error
d. MS error ÷ MS treatment

43. What is the critical value?

a. 3.0626
b. 3.3067
c. 2.5581
d. 2.7278

44. How is MS treatment calculated?

a. SS treatment ÷ df treatment
b. SS treatment ÷ SS error
c. F statistic * MS error
d. A and C

45. Using the critical value method, what can you conclude about the equality of the
population means?
a. Reject the null hypothesis since the test statistic is less than the critical value
b. Reject the null hypothesis since the test statistic is greater than the critical value
c. Fail to reject the null hypothesis since the test statistic is less than the critical
value
d. Fail to reject the null hypothesis since the test statistic is greater than the critical
value

46. Fill in the missing entries in the following partially completed one-way ANOVA table.

a.

b.
c.

d.
Answer Key

Chapter 7: Chapter 10:

1. B 27. A
2. A 28. C
3. A 29. B
4. C 30. C
5. A 31. B
6. C 32. A
7. C 33. D
8. B
9. B Chapter 11:
10. C
11. A 34. D
35. A
Chapter 8: 36. B
37. D
12. A 38. A
13. C 39. B
14. A
15. B Chapter 12:
16. B
17. D 40. B
18. B 41. D
42. C
Chapter 9: 43. C
44. D
19. D 45. C
20. D 46. A
21. B
22. A
23. A
24. C
25. D
26. C