SB MOCK TEST AND EXPLANATION

1. Which should not be regarded as a continuous random variable?

A. Tonnage carried by a randomly chosen oil tanker at sea
B. Wind velocity at 7 o'clock this morning
C. Number of personal fouls by the Miami Heat in a game
D. Length of time to play a Wimbledon tennis match
Explanation
C. Number of personal fouls by the Miami Heat in a game
Chapter 2: Counting things yields integer (discrete) data.

2. Chebyshev’s Theorem:
A. Applies to all sample
B. Applies only to samples from a normal population
C. Gives a narrow range of predictions than the Empirical Rules
D. Is based on Sturges’ Rule for data classification
Explanation
Chapter 4 - 4.4 Standardized Data - Applies to all sample
The Chebyshev’s Theorem can be used for any data set, no matter how it is distributed

3. What is the median of 26, 30, 24, 32, 32, 31, 27 and 29?
A. 32
B. 29
C. 30
D. 29.5
Explanation
Type the data into the excel and then use the formula =Median(data) = 29.5

4.
 A. 0.0933
B. 0.3182
C. 0.030
D. 0.3854
Explanation
P(A1 or B2) = P(A1) + P(B2) - P( A1 ∩ B2 )
P(A1) = 44/467 = 0.094
P(B2) = 150/467 = 0.321
P( A1 ∩ B2 ) = 14/467 = 0.03
P( A1 or B2 ) = 0.094 + 0.321 - 0.03 = 0.385

5.

A. 0.625
B. 0.375
C. 0.150
D. 0.273
Explanation
P(B’/A) = 30/80 = 0.375 ( Used the conditioned probability )

6. If 90 percent of automobiles in Orange County have both headlights working, what is the
probability that in a sample of eight automobiles, at least seven will have both headlights
working?
A. 0.6174
B. 0.3826
C. 0.8131
D. 0.1869
Explanation
P( X≥7) = 1 - P(X ≤6) = 1- Binom.Dist( 6,8,0.9,1) = 0.813

7. On Saturday morning, calls arrive at TicketMaster at a rate of 108 calls per hour. What is the
probability of fewer than three calls in a randomly chosen minute?
A. 0.1607
B. 0.8913
C. 0.2678
D. 0.7306
Explanation
P(X<3) = P(X≤2) = Poisson.Dist(2,108/60,1) = 0.7306

8. In Melanie's Styling Salon, the time to complete a simple haircut is normally distributed with a
mean of 25 minutes and a standard deviation of 4 minutes. For a simple haircut, the middle 90
percent of the customers will require:
A. between 18.4 and 31.6 minutes.
B. between 19.9 and 30.1 minutes.
C. between 20.0 and 30.0 minutes.
D. between 17.2 and 32.8 minutes.
Explanation
With the middle of 90% we have to find
X1 with P(X1 ≤X) = 5%
X2 with P(X2≤X) = 95%
X1 = Norm.Inv(0.05,25,4) = 18.42
X2 = Norm.Inv(0.95,25,4) = 31.57

9. In Hannah’s Styling Salon, the time to complete a simple hairstyle is normally distributed with
a mean of 25 minutes and a standard deviation of 4 minutes. The slowest quartile of customers
will require longer than how many minutes for a basic hairstyle?
A. 3(n+1)/4
B. 26 minutes
C. 27.7 minutes
D. 25.5 minutes
Explanation
Using Excel =NORM.INV(.75,25,4) = 27.698, or Q3 = 25 + 0.675(4) = 27.7

10. A carnival has a game of chance: a fair coin is tossed. If it lands heads you win $1.00, and if
it lands tails you lose $0.50. How much should a ticket to play this game cost if the carnival
wants to break even?
A. $0.25
B. $0.50
C. $0.75
D. $1.00
Explanation
E(X) = (.5) × $1 + (.5) × (-$.50) = $0.50 - $0.25 = $0.25
11. A sampling distribution describes the distribution of:
A. a parameter
B. a statistic
C. either a parameter or a statistic
D. neither a parameter nor a statistic
Explanation
B. a statistic
The sampling distribution of an estimator is the probability distribution of all possible values the
statistic may assume when a random sample of size n is taken

12. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. data from the population is used to estimate the population parameter
B. data from the sample is used to estimate the population parameter
C. data from the sample is used to estimate the sample statistic
D. the mean of the population equals the mean of the sample
Explanation
data from the sample is used to estimate the population parameter

13. The standard error of the mean decreases when:

A. The sample size decrease
B. The standard deviation increase
 C. The standard deviation decreases or n increases
D. The population size decrease
Explanation
C. The standard deviation decreases or n increases

14. Which statement is correct, holding other factors constant?

A. Doubling the sample size will cut the standard error of the mean in half.
B. The standard error of the mean depends on the population size.
C. Quadrupling the sample size roughly halves the standard error of the mean.
D. The standard error of the mean depends on the confidence level.
Explanation
C. Quadrupling the sample size roughly halves the standard error of the mean.

15. The owner of Limp Pines Resort wanted to know the average age of its clients. A random
sample of 25 tourists is taken. It shows a mean age of 46 years with a standard deviation of 5
years. Find the 98 percent confidence interval for the true mean client age:
A. [43.254, 48.789]
B. [43.821, 48.156]
C. [43.493, 48.927]
D. [43.805; 48.492]
Explanation
𝑠
The width = margin of error = ±t x
𝑛

t = T.INV.2T(0.02,24) = 2.492
5
Width = ±2.492 x = ±2.492
25

Confidence interval: [46 - 2.492; 46 + 2.492] => [43.805; 48,492]

16. A poll showed that 48 out of 120 randomly chosen graduates of California medical schools
last year intended to specialize in family practice. What is the width of a 90 percent confidence
interval for the proportion that plan to specialize in family practice?
A. ± 0. 0477
B. ± 0. 0736
C. ± 0. 0876
D. ± 0. 0894
Explanation

z = Norm.S.Inv( 0.05) = -1.645

0.4 𝑥 0.6
Width = ±1.645 x 120
= ±0.0736

17. The owner of Torpid Oaks B&B wanted to know the average distance its guests had traveled.
A random sample of 16 guests showed a mean distance of 85 miles with a standard deviation of
32 miles. The 90 percent confidence interval (in miles) for the mean is approximately
A. 71 - 99
B. 71.8 - 98.2
C. 74.3 - 95.7
D. 68.7 - 103.2
Explanation
t = T.Inv.2T(0.1,15) = 1.753 => CI= [ 70.97; 99.02]

18. A random sample of 160 commercial customers of PayMor Lumber revealed that 32 had paid
their accounts within a month of billing. The 95 percent confidence interval for the true
proportion of customers who pay within a month would be:
A. 0.148 to 0.252
B. 0.138 to 0.262
C. 0.144 to 0.256
D. 0.153 to 0.247
Explanation

z = Norm.S.Inv(0.025) = -1.96 => CI = [ 0.138;0.262]

19. A company wants to estimate the time its trucks take to drive from city A to city B. The
standard deviation is known to be 12 minutes. What sample size is required in order that error
will not exceed ± 2 minutes, with 95 percent confidence?
A. 12 observations
B. 139 observations
C. 36 observations
D. 129 observations
Explanation

z = Norm.S.Inv(0.025) = -1.96
1.96 𝑥 12 2
n= ( 2 ) = 138.29 = 139 ( In case we do not know the population standard deviation we

can use the sample one)

20. A marketing firm is asked to estimate the percent of existing customers who would purchase
a "digital upgrade" to their basic cable TV service. The firm wants 99 percent confidence and an
error of ± 5 percent. What is the required sample size?
A. 664
B. 625
C. 801
D. 957
Explanation
- In case we do not know π, we can assume that π = 0.5

z = Norm.S.Inv(0.005) = -2.575
2.575 2
n= ( )
0.05
x 0.5 x 0.5 = 663.06 = 664

21. After testing a hypothesis, we decided to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, we are exposed to:
A. Type I error
B. Type II error
C. Either type I or type II error
D. Neither type I nor type II error
Explanation
A.Type I error
The Type I error refers to the situation we decided to reject the null hypothesis although it is true

22. Which statement about α is not correct?

A. It is the probability of committing a Type I error.
B. It is the test's significance level.
C. It is the probability of rejecting a true H0.
D. It is equal to 1 - β.
Explanation
D. It is equal to 1 - β.

23. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. Increasing α will make it more likely that we will reject H0, ceteris paribus.
B. Doubling the sample size roughly doubles the test statistic, ceteris paribus.
C. A higher standard deviation would increase the power of a test for a mean.
D. The p-value shows the probability that the null hypothesis is false.
Explanation
α represents the threshold to reject the null hypothesis, increasing α loosening the conditions to
reject the null hypothesis, but also increases the probability of type 1 error.

24. For a two-tailed test with a sample size of 40, the null hypothesis will NOT be rejected at a
5% level of significance if the test statistic is
A. Between -1.96 and 1.96
B. Greater than 1.96
C. Less than 1.96
D. Greater than 1.645
Explanation
z = Norm.S.Inv(0.025) = -1.96 ⇒ [-1.96;1.96]

25. Dullco Manufacturing claims that its alkaline batteries last at least 40 hours on average in a
certain type of portable CD player. But tests on a random sample of 18 batteries from a day's
large production run showed a mean battery life of 37.8 hours with a standard deviation of 5.4
hours. What action should Dullco Manufacturing do? ( given that the significance level is 0.05)
A. The company does not need to take change as the difference is not significant
B. The company needs to take change as the difference is significant
C. There it not enough information to make the conclusion
D. The conclusion will differ if the level of significance is 0.01
Explanation
H0: µ ≥ 40
H1: µ < 40
37.8 − 40
t calc = = -1.728
5.4 ÷ 18

D.F = 18 -1 = 17
P-value = T.Dist(-1.728,17,1) = 0.051 ⇒ P-value > α

26. Which of the following is incorrect?

A. The level of significance is the probability of making a Type I error
B. Lowering both α and β at once will require a higher sample size
C. The probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis increases as n increases
D. When Type I error increases, Type II error must decrease, ceteris paribus.
Explanation
The increase of n will lower both Type I and Type II error

27. A sample of 16 ATM transactions shows a mean transaction time of 67 seconds with a
standard deviation of 12 seconds. Find the p-value to test whether the mean transaction time
exceeds 60 seconds at α = .01.
A. 0.014
B. 0.015
C. 0.016
D. 0.017
Explanation
67 − 60
t-calc = = 2.333
12/ 16

p-value=t.dist.rt(2.333,15) = 0.017

28. Dullco Manufacturing claims that its alkaline batteries last at least 40 hours on average in a
certain type of portable CD player. But tests on a random sample of 18 batteries from a day's
large production run showed a mean battery life of 37.8 hours with a standard deviation of 5.4
hours. At α = 0.01 to test the batteries fail to meet the stated quality, the test statistic is and the
critical value are:
A. T-calc = -1.980 and t-critical = -2.542
B. T-calc = -1.728 and t-critical = -2.567
C. T-calc = -2.101 and t-critical = -2.564
D. T-calc = -1.960 and t-critical = -2.595
Explanation

37.8 − 40
t calc = = -1.728
5.4 ÷ 18

T-critical = t.inv(0.01, 18 - 1) = -2.567

29. The process that produces Sonora Bars (a type of candy) is intended to produce bars with a
mean weight of 56 gm. The process standard deviation is known to be 0.77 gm. A random
sample of 49 candy bars yields a mean weight of 55.82 gm. Find the p-value for a test to see
whether the candy bars are smaller than they are supposed to be
A. Between 0.05 and 0.1
B. Between 0.025 and 0.05
C. Between 0.01 and 0.025
D. Less than 0.01
Explanation
 H0 µ≥ 56
H1: µ < 56 ( left-tailed)
z calc = -1.636
P(z ≤-1.636) = Norm.S.Dist( -1.636,1) = 0.0592

30. Last year, 10 percent of all teenagers purchased a new iPhone. This year, a sample of 260
randomly chosen teenagers showed that 39 had purchased a new iPhone. To test whether the
percent has risen, the p-value is approximately:
A. 0.0501
B. 0.0314
C. 0.0492
D. 0.0036
Explanation

H0 π ≤ 0.1
H1: π > 0.1 ( right-tailed)
p = 39/260 = 0.15
z calc = 2.687
P(Z≥2.687) = 1 - Norm.S.Dist(2.687,1) = 0.0036
31. During a test period, an experimental group of 10 vehicles using an 85% ethanol gasoline
mixture showed mean CO2 emissions of 240 pounds per 100 miles, with a standard deviation of
20 pounds. A control group of 14 vehicles using regular gasoline showed mean CO2 emissions
of 252 pounds per 100 miles with a standard deviation of 15 pounds. At a = 0.05, the confidence
interval for the difference of two means (assuming equal variances) is
A. [-23.645 ; 3.465]
B. [-26.788 ; 2.788]
C. [-20.847 ; 6.749]
D. [6.746 ; 9.657]
Explanation

𝑥1 = 240; s1 = 20; n1 = 10

𝑥2 = 252; s2 = 15; n2 = 14
D.F = n1 + n2 - 2 = 10 + 14 - 2 = 22
t = T.Inv.2T(0.05,22) = 2.074

[-26.788 ; 2.788]

32. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the F distribution?

A. It is a family based on two sets of degrees of freedom.
B. It describes the ratio of two sample means.
C. It is a continuous distribution.
D. It is always a positive number
Explanation
B. It describes the ratio of two sample means.
=> Describes the ratio of two sample variances
33. During a test period, an experimental group of 10 vehicles using an 85% ethanol gasoline
mixture showed mean CO2 emissions of 240 pounds per 100 miles, with a standard deviation of
20 pounds. A control group of 14 vehicles using regular gasoline showed mean CO2 emissions
of 252 pounds per 100 miles with a standard deviation of 15 pounds. At α = 0.05, in a left-tailed
test, the critical value to compare the means (assuming equal variances) is
A. -2.508
B. -2.074
C. -1.321
D. -1.717
Explanation
Degree of Freedom = N1 + N2 -2 = 22
t critical = T.Inv(0.05,22) = -1.717

34. Carver Memorial Hospital's surgeons have a new procedure that they think will decrease the
variance in the time it takes to perform an appendectomy. A sample of 8 appendectomies using
the old method had a variance of 36 minutes, while a sample of 10 appendectomies using the
experimental method had a variance of 16 minutes. At α = . 10 in a two-tailed test for equal
variances, the critical values are
A. 0.272 and 3.29
B. 0.299 and 3.07
C. 0.368 and 2.51
D. -1.645 and +1.645
Explanation

DF1 = 7
DF2 = 9
Z1 critical = F.INV(0.05,7,9) = 0.272
Z2 critical = F.INV.RT(0.05,7,9) = 3.29

35. Group 1 has a mean of 13.4 and group 2 has a mean of 15.2. Both populations are known to
have a variance of 9.0 and each sample consists of 18 items. What is the test statistic to test for
equality of population means?
A. -1.755
B. -1.643
C. -1.800
D. -1.2875
Explanation

36. The table below shows the mean number of daily errors by air traffic controller trainees
during the first two weeks on the job. We want to perform a paired t-test at α = .05 to see if the
mean daily errors decreased significantly. The test statistic is
 A. 1.25
B. 1.75
C. 0.87
D. 0.79
Explanation

37. Two well-known aviation training schools are being compared using random samples of their
graduates. It is found that 70 of 140 graduates of Fly-More Academy passed their FAA exams on
the first try, compared with 104 of 260 graduates of Blue Yonder Institute. To compare the pass
rates, the pooled proportion would be:
A. 0.5
B. 0.435
C. 0.4
 D. 0.345
Explanation

38. Does the Speedo Fastskin II Male Hi-Neck Bodyskin competition racing swimsuit improve a
swimmer's 200-yard individual medley performance times? A test of 100 randomly chosen male
varsity swimmers at several different universities showed that 66 enjoyed improved times,
compared with only 54 of 100 female varsity swimmers. To test for equality in the proportions of
men versus women who experienced improvement, the test statistic is approximate:
A. 1.73
B. 1.47
C. 2.31
D. Can calculate the test statistic
Explanation

66 + 54
Pc = 100 + 100
= 0.6

z calc = 1.73

39. A psychology researcher has a theory that predicts women will tend to carry more cash than
men. A random sample of Ersatz University students revealed that 16 females had a mean of
$22.30 in their wallets with a standard deviation of $3.20, while 16 males had a mean of $17.30
with a standard deviation of $9.60. At level of significance = 0.01, is there sufficient evidence to
support the initial theory that women are inclined to carry more cash than men, assuming
unequal variances?
 A. It is true that women tend to carry more cash than men.
B. There isn't sufficient evidence to support the researcher's theory that women are inclined
to carry more cash than men.
C. There is not enough information to make a conclusion about the validity of the theory.
D. At level of significance = 0.05, the conclusion is the same as level of significance = 0.01.
Explanation
H0: µ1 − µ2 ≤ 0

H1: µ1 − µ2 > 0 ( right-tailed test)

𝑥1− 𝑥2 22.3 − 17.3

t-calc = 2 2
= 2 2
= 1.98
𝑠1 𝑠2 9.6 3.2
+𝑛 16
+ 16
𝑛1 2

Df = min(16-1, 16-1) = 15
p-value = T.DIST.RT (1.98,15) = 0.0331 > 0.01 => Answer B

40. Of 200 youthful gamers (under 18) who tried the new Z-Box-Plus game, 160 rated it
"excellent," compared with only 144 of 200 adult gamers (18 or over). The 95 percent confidence
interval for the difference of proportions would be approximately:
A. [+.013,+.263]
B. [-.014, +.188]
C. [-.003, +.163].
D. [+.057,+.261]
Explanation

z = Norm.S.Inv(0.025) = -1.96

41. Using one-factor ANOVA with 30 observations we find at α = .05 that we cannot reject the
null hypothesis of equal means. We increase the sample size from 30 observations to 60
observations and obtain the same value for the sample F-test statistic. Which is correct?
A. We might now be able to reject the null hypothesis.
B. We surely must reject H0 for 60 observations.
C. We cannot reject H0 since we obtained the same F-value.
D. It is impossible to get the same F-value for n = 60 as for n = 30.
Explanation
A. We might now be able to reject the null hypothesis.
With more degrees of freedom, the critical value 𝐹.05 will be smaller, so we might reject it.

42. In an ANOVA, when would the F-test statistic be zero?

A. When there is no difference in the variances.
B. When the treatment means are the same.
C. When the observations are normally distributed
D. The F-test statistic cannot ever be zero.
Explanation
If each group mean equals the overall mean, then Fcalc could be zero (an unusual situation)

43. Which Excel function gives the right-tail p-value for an ANOVA test with a test statistic
F-calc = 4.52, n = 29 observations, and c = 4 groups?
A. =F.DIST.RT(4.52, 3, 25)
B. =F.INV(4.52, 4, 28)
C. =F.DIST(4.52, 4, 28)
D. =F.INV(4.52, 3, 25)
44. Degrees of freedom for the between-group variation in a one-factor ANOVA with 𝑛1 = 8, 𝑛2

= 5, 𝑛3 = 7, 𝑛4 = 9 would be:

A. 28
B. 3
C. 29
D. 4
Explanation
Degree of freedom for between groups = c -1 = 4 -1 = 3

45. Given the following ANOVA table (some information is missing), find the F statistic.

A. 3.71
B. 0.99
C. 0.497
D. 4.02
Explanation
MSA = 744/4 = 186
MSE = 751.5 /15 = 50.1
F statistic = MSA/MSE = 3.712

46. Identify the degrees of freedom for the treatment and error in this one-factor ANOVA (blanks
indicate missing information).
 A. 4 and 24
B. 3 and 20
C. 5 and 23
D. 4 and 22
Explanation
df for treatment = SSB/MSB = 993/331 = 3
df for error = SSE/MSE = 20

47. For this one-factor ANOVA (some information is missing), how many treatment groups were
there?

A. 3
B. 4
C. 2
D. Can not be determined
Explanation
𝑆𝑆𝐵
𝑐−1
= MSB ⇒ c -1 = SSB/MSB = 654/218 = 3

c-1 =3 ⇒ c = 4
48. Refer to the following partial ANOVA results from Excel (some information is missing).
Degrees of freedom for between groups variation are

A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6

49. Refer to the following partial ANOVA results from Excel (some information is missing). The
sample size is:

A. 20
B. 23
C. 24
D. 21
Explanation
SSB = SST - SSE = 2113.833 - 1483 = 630.833
c - 1 = SSB/MSB = 2.99 = 3 ⇒ c = 4
n - c = SSE/MSE = 1483/74.15 = 20 ⇒ n = 20 + c = 20 + 4 = 24

50. Refer to the following partial ANOVA results from Excel (some information is missing). At α
= 0.05, the difference between group means is:
A. highly significant.
B. barely significant.
C. not quite significant.
D. clearly insignificant.
Explanation
The p-value is not less than .05 so we cannot reject the hypothesis of equal means.

51. Amelia used a random sample of 100 accounts receivable to estimate the relationship
between Days (number of days from billing to receipt of payment) and Size (size of balance due
in dollars). Her estimated regression equation was Days = 22 + 0.0047 Size with a correlation
coefficient of .300. From this information we can conclude that how much percentage the Size
factor explain for the variation in Days
A. 9%
B. 30%
C. 0.47%
D. 22%
Explanation
Correlation coefficient (R) = 0.3 ⇒ R^2 = 0.09

52. If the attendance at a baseball game is to be predicted by the equation Attendance = 16,500 -
75 Temperature, what would be the predicted attendance if Temperature is 90 degrees?
A. 6750
B. 9750
C. 12250
 D. 10020

53. If n = 15 and r = .4296, the corresponding t-statistic to test for zero correlation is
A. 1.715
B. 7.826
C. 2.048
D. Can not be determined
Explanation

2
54. If 𝑅 = .36 in the model Sales = 268 + 7.37 Ads, How much percentage the Ads explain the
variation in Sales
A. 7.37%
B. 6%
C. 36%
D. 0.36%
Explanation
Answer C
Definition of Coefficient of Determination

55. In the least squares equation, Y' = 10 + 20X the value of 20 indicates
A. the Y intercept
B. for each unit increase in X, Y increases by 20.
C. for each unit increase in Y, X increases by 20
D. none of the above.

56. Which of the following statements regarding the coefficient of correlation is true?
A. It ranges from -1.0 to +1.0 inclusive
 B. It measures the strength of the relationship between two variables
C. A value of 0.00 indicates two variables are not related
D. All of the above

57. A local trucking company fitted a regression to relate the travel time (days) of its shipments
as a function of the distance traveled (miles). The fitted regression is Time = -7.126 + .0214
Distance, based on a sample of 20 shipments. The estimated standard error of the slope is 0.0053.
Find the critical value for a right-tailed test to see if the slope is positive, using α = .05.
A. 2.101
B. 2.552
C. 1.960
D. 1.734
Explanation

t critical = T.Inv(1-0.05, 18) = 1.734

58. A local trucking company fitted a regression to relate the travel time (days) of its shipments
as a function of the distance traveled (miles). The fitted regression is Time = -7.126 + 0.0214
Distance, based on a sample of 20 shipments. The estimated standard error of the slope is 0.0053.
Find the value of t calc to test for zero slope.
A. 2.46
B. 5.02
C. 4.04
D. 3.15
Explanation

𝑏1−β1 0.0214 − 0
𝑡 = 𝑠 1
= 0.0053
= 4.037
𝑏

59. In a sample of n = 23, the critical value of the correlation coefficient for a two-tailed test at α
= .05 is:
A. ±.524
B. ±.413
C. ±.500
D. ±.497
Explanation
=T.INV.2T(0.05,21) = 2.079614
𝑡0.025 2.079614
Use r-crit = = 2
= = .4115 for d.f. = 23 - 2 = 21.
𝑡0.025 + 𝑛 − 2 2.079614 + 23 − 2

60. A researcher's results are shown below using n = 25 observations.

The 95 percent confidence interval for the slope is:

 A. [ -3.282, -1.284].
B. [ -4.349, -0.217].
C. [1.118, 5.026].
D. [ -0.998, +0.998].
Explanation
For d.f. = n - 2 = 25 - 2 = 23, t.025 = 2.069, so -2.2834 ± (2.069) x (0.99855) => Answer B