Chapter 9

Student:
___________________________________________________________________________

1. Varying the true mean is a movement along the power curve, not a shift in the curve.
True False

2. Larger samples lead to increased power, ceteris paribus.

True False

3. A null hypothesis is rejected when the calculated p-value is less than the critical value of the
test statistic.
True False

4. The level of significance refers to the probability of making a Type II error.

True False

5. Holding other factors constant, it is harder to reject the null hypothesis when conducting a
two-tailed test rather than a one-tailed test.
True False

6. In a right-tailed test, the null hypothesis is rejected when the value of the test statistic exceeds
the critical value.
True False

7. For a given level of significance, the critical value of Student's t increases as n increases.
True False

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8. A two-tailed hypothesis test for H0: µ = 15 at α = .10 is analogous to asking if a 90%
confidence interval for µ contains 15.
True False

9. For a given Ho and level of significance, if you reject the Ho for a one tailed-test, you would
also reject Ho for a two-tailed test.
True False

10. The probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis is the significance level of the test.
True False

11. In graphing power curves, there is a different power curve for each sample size n.
True False

12. For a mean, the test statistic value should be near zero if the null hypothesis is true.
True False

13. When your sample size increases, the chance of both Type I and Type II error will increase.
True False

14. For a sample of 9 items, the critical value of Student's t for a left-tailed test of a mean at α =
.05 is - 1.860.
True False

15. The height of the power curve shows the probability of accepting a true null hypothesis.
True False

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16. The critical value of a hypothesis test is based on the researcher's selected level of
significance.
True False

17. To test the hypothesis H0: π = .0125 using a sample size of 160, it is safe to assume normality
because the sample is large.
True False

18. In the hypothesis H0: π = π0, the value of π0 is derived from the sample.
True False

19. Other things being equal, a smaller standard deviation implies higher power.
True False

20. Increasing the sample size shifts the power curve upward, ceteris paribus.
True False

21. A Type II error can only occur when you fail to reject Ho.
True False

22. When the probability of a Type I error increases, the probability of a Type II error must
decrease, ceteris paribus.
True False

23. Hypothesis tests for a mean require

A. knowing the true value of σ.
B. sampling a normal population.
C. specifying β in advance.
D. specifying α in advance.

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24. Guidelines for the Jolly Blue Giant Health Insurance Company say that the average
hospitalization for a triple hernia operation should not exceed 30 hours. A diligent auditor
studied records of 16 randomly chosen triple hernia operations at Hackmore Hospital, and found
a mean hospital stay of 40 hours with a standard deviation of 20 hours. "Aha!" she cried, "The
average stay exceeds the guideline." The value of the test statistic for her hypothesis is
A. 2.080
B. 0.481
C. 1.866
D. 2.000

25. "I believe your airplane's engine is sound," states the mechanic. "I've been over it carefully,
and can't see anything wrong. I'd be happy to tear the engine down completely for an internal
inspection at a cost of $1,500. But I believe that engine roughness you heard in the engine on
your last flight was probably just a bit of water in the fuel which passed harmlessly through the
engine and is now gone." As the pilot considers the mechanic's hypothesis, the cost of Type I
error is
A. the pilot will experience the thrill of no-engine flight.
B. the pilot will be out $1,500 unnecessarily.
C. the mechanic will lose a good customer.
D. impossible to determine without knowing α.

26. After testing a hypothesis regarding the mean, we decided not to reject H0. Thus, we are
exposed to
A. Type I error.
B. Type II error.
C. Either Type I or Type II error.
D. Neither Type I nor Type II error.

27. A study over a 10-year period showed that a certain mammogram test had a 50 percent rate
of false positives. This indicates that
A. about half the tests indicated cancer.
B. about half the tests missed a cancer that exists.
C. about half the tests showed a cancer that didn't exist.
D. about half the women tested actually had no cancer.

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28. Dullco Manufacturing claims that its alkaline batteries last at least forty hours on average in a
certain type of portable CD player. But tests on a random sample of 18 batteries from a day's
large production run showed a mean battery life of 37.8 hours with a standard deviation of 5.4
hours. To test DullCo's hypothesis, the test statistic is
A. -1.980
B. -1.728
C. -2.101
D. -1.960

29. The level of significance is not

A. the probability of a "false rejection."
B. a value between 0 and 1.
C. the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.
D. the chance of accepting a true null hypothesis.

30. The researcher's null hypothesis is H0: σ2 = 420. A sample of n = 18 items yields a sample
variance of s2 = 512. The critical values of chi-square for a two-tailed test at α = .05 are
A. 8.672 and 27.59
B. 7.564 and 30.19
C. -1.960 and + 1.960
D. 9.390 and 28.87

31. In testing a proportion, which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Using α = .05 rather than α = .01 makes it more likely that a true H0 will be rejected.
B. When the sample proportion is p = .03 and n = 140, it is safe to assume normality (large n).
C. An 80% confidence interval is narrower than the 90% confidence interval, ceteris paribus.
D. The proportion may be assumed approximately normal if the sample is large enough.

32. The process that produces Sonora Bars (a type of candy) is intended to produce bars with a
mean weight of 56 gm. The process standard deviation is known to be 0.77 gm. A random
sample of 49 candy bars yields a mean weight of 55.82 gm. Find the p-value for a test to see
whether the candy bars are smaller than they are supposed to be.
A. between .05 and .10
B. between .025 and .05
C. between .01 and .025
D. less than .01

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33. Which is not true of p-values?
A. When they are small, we want to reject Ho.
B. They measure the probability of an incorrect decision.
C. They show the chance of Type I error if we reject Ho.
D. They do not require α to be specified a priori.

34. In a two-tailed test, a statistician got a z test statistic of 1.469. What is the p-value?
A. .0708
B. .1416
C. .0874
D. .0301

35. High power in a hypothesis test about one sample mean is likely to be associated with
A. small sample size.
B. low α.
C. large β.
D. small σ.

36. When testing the hypothesis H0: µ = 100 with n = 100 and σ2 = 100, we find that the sample
mean is 97. The test statistic is
A. -3.00
B. -10.00
C. -0.300
D. -0.030

37. Which of the following is not a valid null hypothesis?

A. H0: µ ≥ 0
B. H0: µ ≤ 0
C. H0: µ ≠ 0
D. H0: µ = 0

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38. A sample of 16 ATM transactions shows a mean transaction time of 67 seconds with a
standard deviation of 12 seconds. Find the test statistic to decide whether the mean transaction
time exceeds 60 seconds.
A. 1.457
B. 2.037
C. 2.333
D. 1.848

39. Given a normal distribution with σ = 3, we want to test the hypothesis H0: µ = 20. We find
that the sample mean is 21. The test statistic is
A. 1.000.
B. 1.645.
C. 1.960.
D. impossible to find without more information.

40. For a given sample size, when we increase the probability of Type I error, the probability of a
Type II error
A. remains unchanged.
B. increases.
C. decreases.
D. is impossible to determine without more information.

41. The researcher's null hypothesis is H0: σ2 ≤ 22. A sample of n = 25 items yields a sample
variance of s2 = 28.5. The critical value of chi-square for a right-tailed test at α = .05 is
A. 1.960
B. 1.645
C. 13.85
D. 36.42

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42. In the nation of Gondor, the EPA requires that half the new cars sold will meet a certain
particulate emission standard a year later. A sample of 64 one-year old cars revealed that only 24
met the particulate emission standard. The test statistic to see whether the proportion is below the
requirement is
A. -1.645
B. -2.066
C. -2.000
D. -1.96

43. You are driving a van packed with camping gear (total weight 3,500 pounds including
yourself and family) into a northern wilderness area. You take a "short cut" which turns into a
one-lane road, with no room to turn around. After 11 miles you come to a narrow bridge with a
faded sign saying "Safe Up to 2 Tons". About a half-mile ahead, you can see that your road
rejoins the main highway. You consider the sign's hypothesis carefully before making a decision.
The cost of Type I error is
A. you pass safely over the bridge and everyone's happy.
B. about $23,900, not including medical bills.
C. you will find out just how cold that river actually is.
D. your kids will think you're a chicken.

44. For a sample size of n = 100, and σ = 10, we want to test the hypothesis H0: µ = 100. The
sample mean is 103. The test statistic is
A. 1.645
B. 1.960
C. 3.000
D. 0.300

45. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Decreasing α will increase the power of the test.
B. Doubling the sample size will double the power of the test.
C. A higher standard deviation would increase the power if we are testing a mean.
D. Power of the test rises if the true mean is farther from the hypothesized mean.

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46. A sample of 16 ATM transactions shows a mean transaction time of 67 seconds with a
standard deviation of 12 seconds. Find the critical value to test whether the mean transaction
time exceeds 60 seconds at α = .01.
A. 2.947
B. 2.602
C. 2.583
D. 2.333

47. For a right-tailed test of a hypothesis for a population mean with n = 14, the value of the test
statistic was 1.863. The p-value is
A. between .05 and .025.
B. between .10 and .05.
C. greater than .10.
D. less than .01.

48. Why is it better to say "fail to reject H0" instead of "accept H0?"

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49. Mary examined a random sample of Friday withdrawals from a college campus ATM. She
hypothesized that the mean was less than $100. The results shown below are from MegaStat.
What would Mary conclude from this test? Explain carefully.

50. Bob hypothesizes that the average student at his university has to take more than 130 credits
to graduate. He takes a random sample of his classmates, and performs a test. The results shown
below are from MegaStat. What would Bob conclude from this test? Explain carefully.

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