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 PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE
Contents

1 COASTAL GEOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1 COASTAL GEOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
 1. COASTAL GEOGRAPHY

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1.1 COASTAL GEOGRAPHY
1. Which of these coastal landforms is cre- 4. Economic impacts are
ated by erosion? A. impacts that affect nature
A. Cave B. impacts that affect echoes
B. Bobbin C. impacts that affect money, jobs and
businesses
C. Beach
D. impacts that affect people
D. Spit
5. What is the direction of the longshore
2. What is the main cause of the formation drift?
of barrier islands?
A. Deposition of sediments by rivers
B. Wave action and longshore drift
C. Volcanic activity
D. Tectonic movements
A. From south to north
3. Which of the following statements about B. From west to east
longshore drift are correct? C. From southwest to northeast
A. Swash approachs the shore at an D. From east to west
oblique angle.
6. What happens to the beach profile in win-
B. Backwash retreats to the sea at 35 de- ter according to Fig. 4?
grees.
A. It steepens and pushes material up the
C. Longshore drift is in a zig-zag pattern. beach.
D. Erosion and deposition may happen B. It flattens and material is combed sea-
during longshore drift. wards.

1. A 2. B 3. A 3. C 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. B
1.1 COASTAL GEOGRAPHY 3

C. It remains unchanged regardless of 12. What process causes a scene like this?
the season.

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D. It forms longshore bars that are paral-
lel to the waves.

7. Which of these are depositional features?

A. Spits
B. Bars A. Weathering
C. Stacks B. Longshore drift
D. Caves C. Solution
D. Suspension
8. What is the term for the wearing away of
material by a moving force, such as the ac- 13. Headlands and bays are created because
tion of the sea? of
A. Erosion A. layers of different rock types
B. Condensation B. it’s always been like that
C. Precipitation C. tides

D. Evaporation D. destructive waves

14. This is
9. According to the document, what is one
reason recent research suggests for the
formation of some coastal features?
A. Urban development
B. Tectonic activity
C. Ice age processes
A. Longshore Drift
D. Coral reef growth
B. Nearshore currents
10. What is the second stage of a dune? C. Attrition
A. Fore Dune D. Undertow
B. Incipient Dune 15. What is the pressure of compressed air
C. Hind Dunes forced into cracks in a rock face called?

D. Beach Berm A. Hydraulic Action

B. Corrosion
11. According to the text, what is the average C. Wave Quarrying
growth rate of Spurn Head spit per year?
D. Plant Succession
A. 10cm per year Explanation:The pressure of compressed
B. 100cm per year air forced into cracks in a rock face is
called Hydraulic Action. It causes the rock
C. 1m per year to break apart due to the force exerted by
D. 10m per year the air.

7. A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. A

1.1 COASTAL GEOGRAPHY 4

16. What is the name for the process by which 21. What causes the formation of bay head
saturated soil flows down a slope? beaches?
A. Weathering A. Strong offshore winds
B. Erosion B. High energy environments
C. Deposition C. Refraction focuses erosion on the sur-
D. Mudslide rounding headlands
D. The movement of water and material

NARAYAN CHANGDER
17. What stage of a dune is the Hind Dunes is largely perpendicular to the coast
A. 1st
22. What feature is formed at the lower edge
B. And of beaches and is parallel to the waves?
C. an offer A. Rip channel
D. ch
B. Sand ripples
18. Which are types of erosion? C. Longshore bars
A. Suspension D. Cusps
B. Solution
23. What is the evaluation of a coastal town’s
C. Abrasion economic value compared to the cost of the
D. Saltation management required known as?
A. Concordant Coast
19. What shape is a cuspate foreland typically
associated with? B. Eustatic
A. Circular C. DEFRA’s 1:1 Cost-Benefit Analysis
B. Triangular D. Dynamic Equilibrium
Explanation:The evaluation of a coastal
C. Square
town’s economic value compared to the
D. Hexagonal cost of management required is known as
DEFRA’s 1:1 Cost-Benefit Analysis.
20. This is a picture of a
24. If something is artificial it is
A. constructed by natural processes
B. constructed by people
C. destroyed by whales
D. destroyed by waves

25. What is the combination of mass move-

ment and weathering that affects the
A. Spit coastal land above sea called?
B. Bar A. Foreshore
C. Bobbin B. Ria
D. Longshore Drift C. Sediment Cell

16. D 17. D 18. B 18. C 19. B 20. C 21. C 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. D
1.1 COASTAL GEOGRAPHY 5

D. Subaerial Processes B. The transportation of plastics along

Explanation:Subaerial processes, a combi- the coast depending on wind direction and
nation of mass movement and weathering, the location of sea bins

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affect the coastal land above sea level. C. The transportation of young teens in
26. Swash is fast cars along the esplanade
A. A pirate term for coffee D. none of above
B. A brand of washing detergent that 31. Dredging is
DOES NOT harm the environment A. a hair style based on knotting and
C. When water comes into the boat twisting
D. the water that rushes up the beach af- B. an awful feeling you get about future
ter a wave has broken challenges
27. Air in cracks on the cliff face becomes com- C. removing sediment build up in shallow
pressed by the power of the waves strik- water artificially
ing the cliff face, creating larger cracks D. removing sediment from the gutters in
A. Attrition cities
B. Corrosion/Solution 32. What is this landform?
C. Abrasion
D. Hydraulic Action
28. What is the term for the process by which
material is dropped by the sea in a new
location?
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation A. Arch
C. Erosion B. Cave
D. Deposition C. Headland
D. Wave-cut Platform
29. What is the change in local coastline or
land height relative to sea level called? 33. What is the third stage of a dune?
A. Plant Succession A. Incipient Dune
B. Subaerial Processes B. Fore Dune
C. Eustatic C. Beach berm
D. Isostatic D. Hind Dune
Explanation:The change in local coastline
or land height relative to sea level is called 34. waves cause rocks and pebbles to bump
Isostatic. into each other and break up
A. Attrition
30. What is longshore drift?
B. Abrasion
A. The transportation of sediments along
the coast depending on wind direction, C. Hydraulic Action
swash, and backwash. D. Corrosion/Solution

26. D 27. D 28. D 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. A

1.1 COASTAL GEOGRAPHY 6

35. The action of salt on minerals like iron that 40. What best describe hydraulic action?
are contained in the rock and making it
more susceptible to erosion
A. Attrition
B. Corrosion/Solution
C. Abrasion
D. Hydraulic Action

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Sediment grinds against the cliff
36. Mudflats and salt marshes are examples
B. Sediment is thrown at the cliff
of what type of ecosystem?
C. Waves smash into the cliff compres-
A. Freshwater
sion air which weakens the cliff
B. Halophyte
D. none of above
C. Halocline
D. Halosere 41. What does B stand for?

37. What causes the tides?

A. The gravitational pull of the Moon
B. the gravitational pull of the Sun
C. Moon Beams
A. Wave bottom
D. Government Propoganda
B. Wave crest
E. Wind
C. Wave frequency
38. What is the acid in seawater and some
D. Wave length
types of seaweed attacking particular rock
minerals, causing erosion and weakening 42. the direction of the prevailing wind has no
called? effect on the angle waves enter the coast
A. Corrosion at
B. Corrasion A. true
C. Sediment Cell B. better than true
D. Saltation C. false
Explanation:Corrosion is the process in D. none of above
which the acid in seawater and some
types of seaweed attack rock minerals, 43. What is this?
causing erosion and weakening. It is the
correct choice.

39. Which is a landform of coastal erosion?

A. Stack
B. Spit
C. Sand Dune
D. Bar A. Beach

35. B 36. D 37. A 38. A 39. A 40. C 41. D 42. C 43. C

1.1 COASTAL GEOGRAPHY 7

B. Sea cave C. 90o

C. Headland D. 100o

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D. Barrier Island 48. ‘The wearing away of the landscape ‘ is
the definition for
44. What coastal protection strategy is shown
in the image? A. Weathering
B. Erosion
C. Attrition
D. Abrasion
49. What is the term for the process by which
small particles such as silts and clays are
suspended in the flow of the water?
A. Suspension
A. Groynes B. Traction
B. Sea Wall C. Solution
C. Revetments D. Saltation
D. Beach Nourishment 50. Which of the following conditions may
favour the rate of erosion?
45. What is a sand dune?
A. Steep offshore gradient
A. A new sci-fi movie
B. Smooth sea bed
B. A particular desert landscape
C. Presence of well-jointed rocks
C. Hills of sand created by wind action
D. Located at sheltered location
D. Hills of sand created by four wheel
drives 51. What is the layering of sediments based
on their size called?
46. What is the primary reason barrier A. Sediment Cell
beaches such as those along the eastern
B. Beach Morphology
seaboard of the USA are formed?
C. Grading
A. They are formed by the deposition of
river sediments D. Wave Quarrying
Explanation:Grading refers to the layering
B. They rely upon waves recycling off-
of sediments based on their size. It is the
shore material
correct choice because it accurately de-
C. They are created by the movement of scribes this process.
tides alone
52. Which type of transportation is when
D. They are built up by the erosion of ‘large material like boulders are pushed
nearby cliffs and rolled along’
47. At what angle does back wash flow into A. Suspension
the sea? B. Solution
A. 120o C. Saltation
B. 45o D. Traction

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1.1 COASTAL GEOGRAPHY 8

53. With a wave, the swash is stronger B. Attrition

than the backwash. C. Hydraulic Action
D. Abrasion
58. Which of the following is not listed as a
landform created by coastal deposition in
Fig. 9?
A. Bayhead beach

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. destructive B. Lagoon
B. constructive C. Cuspate foreland
C. swash D. Mountain range
D. backwash 59. What is a characteristic feature of a beach
that supports steeper concave slopes and
54. Which type of waves allow a net increase occurs where coarser material is absorbing
of material on the beach due to their wave swash?
strong swash and weak backwash?
A. Storm beach
A. Destructive waves B. Berm
B. Constructive waves C. Offshore bar
C. Tsunami waves D. Beach cusps
D. Tidal waves 60. What is the primary factor that influences
55. What is the first stage in a stack forma- the shape and size of a beach?
tion? A. The type of sand
A. Arch is formed B. The local climate
B. Cave is formed C. The wave energy
C. Line of weakness in rock D. The proximity to a city

D. Stump is formed 61. A stack is

A. A chimney
56. What does coastline mean?
B. A column of costal cliff that has broken
A. Where the land meets the sea away due to laser beams
B. Where the land meets the sea, it is a C. A column of costal cliff that has broken
forever changing line away due to wind and wave erosion
C. Where there is a beach D. A column of costal cliff that has broken
D. Where the sea is away due to updrift
62. What is the section of the coast, within
57. What type of erosion fits the following
which involves much sediment movement
description? Waves cause rocks and peb-
called?
bles to hit into each other, causing them
to break up. The edges break off, causing A. Littoral Cell
pebbles to become smaller and rounder. B. Dalmatian Coast
A. Solution C. Sediment Budget

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1.1 COASTAL GEOGRAPHY 9

D. Coastal Recession 67. Prevention is

Explanation:The section of the coast in- A. The action or process of stopping
volving sediment movement is called a Lit- something happening

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toral Cell. It is an area where sediment is
transported along the shoreline. B. The sentiment that it does not matter
what we do, we are going to be OK!
63. In destructive waves, the backwash is
C. Pressure to always be better
?
D. Asking for help because it takes too
much effort

68. What is the main cause of tombolos form-

ing according to the text?
A. Erosion of the mainland coast
B. Sediment buildup at the river mouths
A. Strong C. Spits extending from the coast to an is-
B. Weak land
C. The same as the swash D. Offshore volcanic activity
D. none of above 69. What is the name for the coastline which
64. Criteria are has alternating bands of hard and soft rock
in the same direction as the coastline?
A. microbes
B. colonies of crabs
C. Russian fish eggs
D. a standard used to judge something
65. This is when waves break on the cliff face,
slowly eroding it A. Discordant
A. Attrition B. Concordant
B. Hydraulic Action 70. Why does the wave go straight back down
C. Abrasion the beach?
D. Corrosion/Solution
66. What does A stand for?

A. Wave top A. due to gravity

B. Wave crest B. due to the wind
C. Wave peak C. because the next wave is approaching
D. Wave height D. due to the swash

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1.1 COASTAL GEOGRAPHY 10

71. Waves are created by wind B. a wind that dries the washing
A. True C. a wind from a direction that is unpre-
B. False dictable and damaging to the local envi-
ronment
72. What is this landform? D. a wind from the direction that is pre-
dominant at a particular place or season

77. What type of coastal feature is formed by

NARAYAN CHANGDER
the deposition of sediments at the mouth
of a river?
A. Cliff
B. Delta
A. mountain C. Beach
B. glacier D. Barrier island
C. bay
78. What is not a condition for sand dunes to
D. canyon form?
73. Social Impacts are A. Sediment Supply
A. impacts affecting people and commu- B. Strong wind
nitites C. An obstacle
B. impacts affecting soccer
D. No tide
C. impacts affecting animals
79. What is said to occur when there are
D. impacts affecting work
losses and outputs in the coastal system?
74. What ecosystem forms behind a spit? A. Dynamic equilibrium
A. Sand Dune B. Static equilibrium
B. Salt Marsh C. Coastal erosion
C. Coral Reef D. Coastal deposition
D. Mangrove
80. Erosion means ‘the wearing away of
75. I happen when the waves don’t have rock’.
enough energy to carry sediment
A. True
A. Deposition
B. False
B. Erosion
C. Swash 81. What controls the tide?
D. Backwash A. The moon
B. The sun
76. Prevailing winds are
C. The moon and the sun
A. what you feel with the window down
driving on the highway D. Mermaids

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1.1 COASTAL GEOGRAPHY 11

82. I am the type of erosion where sediment 86. Environmental impacts are
scrapes against the headland. What am I? A. impacts that affect people

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A. Attrition
B. impacts that affect engines
B. Hydraulic action
C. impacts that affect money
C. Solution
D. impacts that affect nature
D. Abrasion
87. What is the term for the wearing away of
83. During which season does the beach profile the land by the action of the sea?
steepen and push material up the beach?
A. Volcanism
A. Spring
B. Erosion
B. Summer
C. Deposition
C. Autumn
D. Weathering
D. Winter
88. With a wave, the backwash is
84. Which of these is a process of sediment stronger than the swash.
transportation?
A. Mass Movement
B. Saltation
C. Corrasion
D. Grading
Explanation:Saltation is a process of sed-
iment transportation. It involves the A. destructive
bouncing and hopping of particles along B. constructive
the bed of a river or stream.
C. swash
85. Which is the definition of the word D. backwash
“coast”
89. Rapid changes to a coastline can have a
dramatic effect on which values?
A. Economic
B. Environmental
C. Social
D. Economic, Environmental, and Social
A. The seaside where there is sand and
90. Which of the following do wind and waves
seawater.
not push?
B. The zone where the land meets the
A. soil
sea.
B. tectonic plates
C. Tall cliffs made of chalk.
D. A place where there is saltwater and C. sand
rocks. D. ocean debris

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1.1 COASTAL GEOGRAPHY 12

91. Which is the 6th stage of headland fea- 97. The foreshore is
tures? A. A restaurant in Yeppoon
A. Arch B. The place you get the best view of the
B. Cave beach
C. Stump C. The area that has a high salinity rate
dominating the landscape
D. Stack
D. The area between the low-tide mark

NARAYAN CHANGDER
92. Which of the following descriptions of con- and the high-water mark
structive waves are correct?
98. Which type of wave builds up the beach?
A. Swash is stronger than backwash
B. Higher wave frequency
C. Favours deposition
D. Usually comes with gentle offshore
gradient

93. What is the main factor that causes ‘drift-

aligned’ beaches to form?
A. Tidal waves
B. Longshore drift
C. River discharge
D. Offshore wind

94. Which type of transportation bounces

along the sea bed like a bouncy ball?
A. Destructive
A. Suspension
B. Constructive
B. Solution
C. Passive
C. Saltation
D. none of above
D. Traction
99. What is this
95. I am the forward motion of waves
A. Backwash
B. Swash

96. What is meant by transportation?

A. The wearing away of the landscape
B. When eroded rock is moved to another
place by the sea A. Sea cave
C. When transported material is dropped B. Sea stack
by the sea C. Sea arch
D. The breaking down of rock D. Headland

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1.1 COASTAL GEOGRAPHY 13

100. What are headlands usually made from? 105. What does backwash mean (in geogra-
A. Soft rock phy terms of course)?

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B. Hard rock A. The water that moves up the beach at
an angle
C. Rock candy
B. The water that flows straight back
D. Rock metal down the beach
101. Why are waves created? C. When someone has some of your drink
but the water from their mouth ends up
back in the bottle
D. The wearing away of rock

106. What is this landform?

A. Due to the pull of the moon

B. Due to gravity pulling the water up and
down
C. Due to the wind blowing over the
ocean A. Spit
D. none of above B. Sand dune
102. What percentage of the world’s coast- C. Stack
lines are depositional in nature? D. Stump
A. 10%
107. Which of the following is an example of a
B. 20% drift-aligned beach mentioned in the text?
C. 30% A. Chesil Beach
D. 40% B. Harlech Marsh
103. I transport material along a beach. What C. Spurn Head
am I? D. Orford Ness
A. Longshore Drift
108. What is the removal of loose material by
B. Longshore Drift glacier ice called?
C. Longnose Drift A. Till
D. Longway drift B. Hydraulic Action
104. How many types of transportation are C. Glacial Erosion
there? D. Corrasion
A. 2 Explanation:The removal of loose material
B. 5 by glacier ice is called glacial erosion. It
is a process where the ice scrapes and
C. 4 plucks rocks, creating landforms like val-
D. 3 leys and cirques.

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1.1 COASTAL GEOGRAPHY 14

109. Which of the following features are C. Fetch

formed by low energy environments and D. Wind
deposition?
A. Mountains 114. Which process is ‘the dropping of mate-
rial by the sea’?
B. Volcanoes
A. Erosion
C. Beaches and spits
B. Transportation
D. Plateaus

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Weathering
110. Did the Armenian Genocide really hap- D. Deposition
pen?
115. Who’s fault was it Johnny got stuck on
A. No
the beach?
B. No
A. His own! What kind of 17 year old can’t
111. What is the first stage of a dune? swim?
A. Fore Dune B. Nature’s, it was a full moon last night
making the tides more extreme after all
B. Hind Dunes
C. Jake’s! He never showed up, some
C. Beach berm friend he is!
D. Incipient Dune D. Probably a combination of the above
112. A groyne is 116. A lagoon is
A. A constructed barrier running at right A. A fancy name for a shallow pool
angles to the beach to stop the movement
of sand through longshore drift B. A shallow coastal waterway cut off in
part from the open ocean
B. A constructed barrier running at right
C. A public pool in Yeppoon
angles to storm drians to catch sediment
D. A movie from the 1980’s
C. A failed barrier meant to hold back wa-
ter run off and mass wasting in loose soils 117. Continual swash and backwash trans-
D. A sensitive spot between mammals ports material sideways along the coast.
legs. A. Longshore Drift
113. Which part of the wave pushes material B. Longshore Movement
up the beach? C. Longshore Rift
D. Longshore Influx

118. What is the name for the process by

which material is moved along a beach by
the action of waves?
A. Sideways shift
B. Longshore drift
A. Backwash C. Beach migration
B. Swash D. Wave transport

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1.1 COASTAL GEOGRAPHY 15

119. What is the name of the wind that con- C. When the sea gains energy
trols the direction of longshore drift? D. When the waves contain large

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A. Strong wind amounts of ocean debris
B. Tidal wind 124. The type of erosion that occurs when peb-
C. Prevailing wind bles bang together
D. Coastal wind A. Abrasion

120. Which erodes quicker? B. Attrition

A. Hard rock C. Hydraulic action

B. Soft rock D. Solution

121. Which of these is the definition for hy- 125. How many ways can erosion happen?
draulic action? A. 2
A. Bits of rock and sand grind down the B. 4
coast line like sandpaper
C. 6
B. The waves smash rocks and pebbles
D. 3
into the shore, and each other, they break
and become smoother 126. Which direction does the high-
C. Acids contained in the water will dis- est/strongest fetch come from in the UK
solve some types of rock
D. Air may become trapped in cracks in
the coast. The trapped air is compressed
which weakens the rocks

122. What is the upper beach closest to the

land called?
A. Backshore
B. Foreshore A. South-West
C. High-energy Environment B. North-East
D. Nearshore C. South-East
Explanation:The upper beach closest to D. North-West
the land is called the backshore. It is
the correct choice because it refers to 127. Which erosional features can you see in
the area above the high tide mark where this photo?
beach material is deposited by wave ac-
tion.

123. When does deposition occur?

A. When the backwash is stronger than
the swash
B. When the swash is stronger than the
backwash A. Arch

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1.1 COASTAL GEOGRAPHY 16

B. Stack D. Cave
C. Stump

NARAYAN CHANGDER

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