CHAPTER – 24

MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

Exercise 24.1
Page number 24.9

Question 1: If the heights of 5 persons are 140 cm, 150 cm, 152 cm,
158 cm and 161 cm respectively. Find the mean height.

T IO S
Solution:

I
NO A D
The heights of 5 persons are 140 cm, 150 cm, 152 cm, 158 cm and 161

CO N
A
cm (Given)

PY
(Sum of heights)
DO U A
Mean height = (Total
number of persons)
T
ED PR

Sum of heights = 140 + 150 + 152 + 158 + 161 = 761

Total number of persons = 5
C

761
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So, Mean height = =152.2

5

Question 2: Find the mean of 994, 996, 998, 1002, 1000.

Solution:
Sum of numbers = 994 + 996 + 998 + 1000 + 100 = 4990
Total counts = 5
(Sum of numbers)
Therefore, Mean = (Total Counts)
4990
= = 998
5

Mean = 998
Question 3: Find the mean of first five natural numbers.
Solution:
First five natural numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Sum of all the numbers = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15
Total Numbers = 5
(Sum of numbers)
Therefore, Mean = (Total Numbers)

T IO S
15
= =3

I
5

NO A D
Mean = 3

CO N
A

PY
DO U A
Question 4: Find the mean of all factors of 10.
T
ED PR

Solution:
Factors of 10 are 1, 2, 5, 10.
C

Sum of all the factors = 1 + 2 + 5 + 10 = 18

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Total Numbers = 4
(Sum of factors)
Therefore, Mean = (Total
Numbers)
18
= = 4.5
4

Mean = 4.5

Question 5: Find the mean of first 10 even natural numbers.

Solution:
First 10 even natural numbers = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20
Sum of numbers = 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 14 + 16 + 18 + 20 = 110
Total Numbers = 10
Now,
(Sum of factors)
Mean = (Total
Numbers)
110
=
10

Mean = 11

T IO S
Question 6: Find the mean of x, x + 2, x + 4, x + 6, x + 8.

I
NO A D
Solution:

CO N
A
Given numbers are x, x + 2, x + 4, x + 6, x + 8.

PY
DO U A
Sum of numbers = x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) + (x + 6) + (x + 8) = 5x +
T
20
ED PR

Total Numbers = 5
C

Now,
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(Sum of factors)
Mean = (Total
Numbers)
(5𝑥+20)
=
5
5(𝑥 + 4)
=
5

=x+4
Mean = x + 4

Question 7: Find the mean of first five multiples of 3.

Solution:
First five multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15.
Sum of numbers = 3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + 15 = 45
Total Numbers = 5
Now,
(Sum of factors)
Mean = (Total
Numbers)
45
=
5

T IO S
=9

I
NO A D
Mean = 9

CO N
A

PY
DO U A
Question 8: Following are the weights (in kg) of 10 new born babies
T
in a hospital on a particular day: 3. 4, 3. 6, 4. 2, 4. 5, 3. 9, 4. 1, 3. 8, 4.
ED PR

5, 4. 4, 3. 6. Find the mean.

Solution:
C
©

The weights of 10 new born babies (in kg): 3.4 , 3 .6 , 4.2 , 4.5 , 3.9 , 4.1
, 3.8 , 4.5 , 4.4 , 3.6
Sum of weights = 3.4 + 3.6 + 4.2 + 4.5 + 3.9 + 4.1 + 3.8 + 4.5 +
4.4 + 3.6 = 40
Total number of babies = 10
(Sum of weights)
No, Mean = (Total
number of babies)
40
=
10

=4
Mean weight = 4 kg
Question 9: The percentage marks obtained by students of a class in
mathematics are:
64 , 36 , 47 , 23 , 0 , 19 , 81 , 93 , 72 , 35 , 3 , 1. Find their mean.
Solution:
The percentage marks obtained by students: 64, 36 , 47 , 23 , 0 , 19 , 81 ,
93 , 72 , 35 , 3 , 1
Sum of marks = 64 + 36 + 47 + 23 + 0 + 19 + 81 + 93 + 72 + 35 +

T IO S
3 + 1 = 474

I
Total students = 12
NO A D
CO N
Now, Mean marks = (Total number of babies)
A
474

PY
=
DO U A
12
T
= 39.5
ED PR

Mean Marks = 39.5

C
©

Question 10: The numbers of children in 10 families of a locality are:

2 , 4 , 3 , 4 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 1 , 1 , 5. Find the number of children per family.
Solution:
The numbers of children in 10 families: 2 , 4 , 3 , 4 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 1 , 1 , 5
Total number of children = 2 + 4 + 3 + 4 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 1 + 1 + 5 = 30
Total Families = 10
(Total number of children) 30
Number of children per family = Mean = (Total Families)
=
10

=3
Therefore, Number of children per family is 3.
Question 11: Explain, by taking a suitable example, how the
arithmetic mean alters by (i) adding a constant k to each term, (ii)
subtracting a constant k from each them, (iii) multiplying each term
by a constant k and (iv) dividing each term by a non-zero constant k.
Solution:
Let us take n observations 𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋𝑛 .
If 𝑋̅ be the mean of the n observations, then we have

T IO S
1
𝑋̅ = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑛

I
⇒ ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 𝑛𝑋̅
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
(i) Add a constant k to each of the observations. Then the observations
become
T
ED PR

𝑋𝑖 + 𝑘, … . . , 𝑋𝑛 + 𝑘
If 𝑌̅ be the mean of the new observations, then we have
C
©

1
𝑌̅ = ∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑋𝑖 + 𝑘)
𝑛
1 1
= ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 + ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑘
𝑛 𝑛
1
= 𝑋̅ + . 𝑛𝑘
𝑛

= 𝑋̅ + 𝑘
Let us take an example to understand the above fact.
The first 5 natural numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Their mean is
1
𝑋̅ = (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5)
5
15
=
5
 =3
Add 2 to each of the numbers. Then the numbers become 3, 4, 5, 6, and
7. The new mean is
1
𝑌̅ = (3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7)
5
25
=
5

=5

T IO S
=3+2

I
Therefore, adding a constant number to each observation the mean
NO A D
CO N
increased by that constant
A

PY
DO U A

(ii) Subtract a constant k from each of the observations.

T
ED PR

Then the observations becomes 𝑋1 − 𝑘, … . . , 𝑋𝑛 − 𝑘

If 𝑌̅ be the mean of the new observations, then we have
C

1
©

𝑌̅ = ∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑋𝑖 − 𝑘)
𝑛
1 1
= ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 − ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑘
𝑛 𝑛
1
= 𝑋̅ − . 𝑛𝑘
𝑛

= 𝑋̅ − 𝑘
Let us take an example to understand the above fact.
The first 5 even natural numbers are 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10. Their mean is
1
𝑋̅ = (2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10)
5
30
=
5
 =6
Subtract 1 from each of the numbers. Then the numbers become 1, 3, 5,
7, and 9. The new mean is
1
𝑌̅ = (1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9)
5
25
=
5

=5

T IO S
=6–1

I
Therefore, subtracting a constant number to each observation the mean
NO A D
CO N
decreased by that constant
A

PY
DO U A

(iii) Multiply a constant k to each of the observations. Then the

T
ED PR

observations becomes 𝑘𝑋1 , … . . , 𝑘𝑋𝑛

If 𝑌̅ be the mean of the new observations, then we have
C

1
𝑌̅ = ∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑘𝑋𝑖 )
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𝑛
𝑘
= ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑛
1
= 𝑘. − ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑛

= 𝑘𝑋̅
Let us take an example to understand the above fact.
The first 5 even natural numbers are 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10. Their mean is
1
𝑋̅ = (2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10)
5
30
=
5

=6
Multiply 2 to each of the numbers. Then the numbers become 4, 8, 12, 16,
and 20. The new mean is
1
𝑌̅ = (4 + 8 + 12 + 16 + 20)
5
60
=
5

= 12
=2×6

T IO S
Therefore, multiplying by a constant number to each observation the mean

I
becomes the constant multiplied by the old mean
NO A D
CO N
A
(vi) Divide a nonzero constant k to each of the observations. Then the

PY
DO U A
observations become
T
𝑋1 𝑋𝑛
ED PR

,….,
𝑘 𝑘

If 𝑌̅ be the mean of the new observations, then we have

C
©

1 𝑋
𝑌̅ = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 ( 𝑖 )
𝑛 𝑘
1
= ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑛𝑘
1 1
= . ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑘 𝑛
1
= 𝑋̅
𝑘

Let us take an example to understand the above fact.

The first 5 even natural numbers are 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10. Their mean is
1
𝑋̅ = (2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10)
5
30
=
5
 =6
Divide 2 to each of the numbers. Then the numbers become 1, 2, 3, 4, and
5. The new mean is
1
𝑌̅ = (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5)
5
15
=
5

=3

T IO S
6
=
2

I
NO A D
Therefore, dividing by a constant number to each observation the mean

CO N
A
becomes the old mean divided by the constant

PY
DO U A
T
Question 12: The mean of marks scored by 100 students was found to
ED PR

be 40. Later on it was discovered that a score of 53 was misread as 83.

Find the correct mean.
C

Solution:
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Given that the mean of marks scored by 100 students is 40. Let us denote
the marks of 100 students by 𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋100 .
If 𝑋̅ be the mean of the n observations 𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋𝑛 , then we have.
1
𝑋̅ = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑛

⇒ ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 𝑛𝑋̅
Hence we have
∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 100 × 40
= 4000
This sum is incorrect. We have to find the correct sum
It was found that a score 53 was misread as 83. So, 83 must be replaced
by 53.
To get the correct sum at first we have to remove the incorrect entry and
then add the correct entry.
Therefore, the correct sum is
∑100
𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 4000 − 83 + 53

= 3970

T IO S
Thus, the correct mean is

I
= NO A D
3970

CO N
100
A
= 39.70

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Question 13: The traffic police recorded the speed (in km/hr) of 10
motorists as 47, 53, 49, 60, 39, 42, 55, 57, 52, 48. Later on an error in
recording instrument was found. Find the overage speed of the
C

motorists if the instrument recorded 5 km/hr less in each case.

©

Solution:
Given that the recorded speed (in km/hr) of 10 motorists are 47, 53, 49,
60, 39, 42, 55, 57, 52, and 48. Let us denote the speeds of 10 motorists by
𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋10 .
If 𝑋̅ be the mean of the n observations 𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋𝑛 , then we have 𝑋̅ =
1 𝑛
∑𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑛

Hence we have
1
𝑋̅ = ∑10
𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
10
1
= (47 + 53 + 49 + 60 + 39 + 42 + 55 + 57 + 52 + 48)
10
 502
=
10

= 50.2
This mean is incorrect. We have to find the correct mean.
It was found that the instrument recorded 5 km/hr less in each case.
To get the correct we have to add 5 with each entry. Then the correct
entries are

T IO S
𝑋1 + 5, … . , 𝑋10 + 5

I
Recall that if 𝑋̅ be the mean of the n observations 𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋𝑛 and if we
NO A D
add a constant k with each of the observations, then the new mean

CO N
A
becomes 𝑌̅ = 𝑋̅ + 𝑘

PY
DO U A
Therefore, the correct mean speed of the motorists is
T
50.2 + 5 = 55.2 km/h
ED PR
C

Question 14: The mean of five numbers is 27. If one number is

©

excluded, their mean is 25. Find the excluded number.

Solution:
Given that the mean of 5 numbers is 27. Let us denote the numbers by
𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋5 .
If be the mean of the n observations 𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋𝑛 , then we have
1
𝑋̅ = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑛

⇒ ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 𝑛𝑋̅
Hence the sum of 5 numbers is
∑5𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 5 × 27 = 135
If one number is excluded, then the mean becomes 25 and the total
numbers becomes 4.
Let the number excluded is x.
After excluding one number the sum becomes 135 − 𝑥 and then the mean
is
135−𝑥
4

But it is given that after excluding one number the mean becomes 25.

T IO S
Hence we have

I
135−𝑥
NO A D
= 25

CO N
4
A
⇒ 135 − 𝑥 = 100

PY
DO U A

⇒ 135 = 𝑥 + 100
T
ED PR

⇒ 𝑥 + 100 = 135
⇒ 𝑥 = 135 − 100
C
©

⇒ 𝑥 = 35
Thus the excluded number is 35.

Question 15: The mean weight per student in a group of 7 students is

55 kg. The individual weights of 6 of them (in kg) are 52, 54, 55, 53,
56 and 54. Find the weight of the seventh student.
Solution:
Given that the mean weight (in kg) of 7 students is 55 kg. Let us denote
their weights by 𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋7 .
If 𝑋̅ be the mean of the n observations 𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋𝑛 , then we have
 1
𝑋̅ = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑛

⇒ ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 𝑛𝑋̅
Hence the sum of the weights of 7 students is
∑7𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 7 × 55 = 385
The individual weights (in kg) of 6 of them are 52, 54, 55, 53, 56 and 54.
Let the weight of the remaining student is x.

T IO S
According to this information the sum of their weights is

I
NO A D
52 + 54 + 55 + 53 + 56 + 54 + x = 324 + x

CO N
A
Hence we have

PY
324 + 𝑥 = 385
DO U A
T
⇒ 𝑥 = 385 − 324
ED PR

⇒ 𝑥 = 61
C

Thus the weight of the seventh student is 61 kg.

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Question 16: The mean weight of 8 numbers is 15. If each number is

multiplied by 2, what will be the new mean?
Solution:
Let us denote the 8 numbers by 𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋8 . Their mean is 15.
If 𝑋̅ be the mean of the n numbers, then we have
1
𝑋̅ = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑛

⇒ ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 𝑛𝑋̅
Therefore, the sum of the numbers is
∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 8 × 15=120
If each numbers is multiplied by 2, then the numbers becomes
2𝑋1 , … . , 2𝑋8 .
The mean of the new numbers is
1
𝑌̅ = ∑8𝑖=1 2𝑋𝑖
8
2
= ∑8𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
8

T IO S
1
= × 120

I
4

= 30NO A D
CO N
A
Note that the new mean is equal to the old mean multiplied by 2.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Question 17: The mean of 5 numbers is 18. If one number is excluded,

their mean is 16. Find the excluded number.
C

Solution:
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Given that the mean of 5 numbers is 18. Let us denote the numbers by
𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋5 .
If be the mean of the n observations 𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋𝑛 , then we have
1
𝑋̅ = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑛

⇒ ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 𝑛𝑋̅
Hence the sum of 5 numbers is
∑5𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 5 × 18 = 90
If one number is excluded, then the mean becomes 16 and the total
numbers becomes 4.
Let the number excluded be x.
After excluding one number the sum becomes 90 − 𝑥 and then the mean
is
90−𝑥
4

But it is given that after excluding one number the mean becomes 16.
Hence we have
90−𝑥
= 16
4

T IO S
⇒ 90 − 𝑥 = 64

I
⇒ 90 = 𝑥 + 64
NO A D
CO N
A
⇒ 𝑥 + 64 = 90

PY
⇒ 𝑥 = 90 − 64
DO U A
T
⇒ 26
ED PR

Thus the excluded number is 26.

C
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Question 18: The mean of 200 items was 50, Later on, it was
discovered that the two items were misread as 92 and 8 instead of 192
and 88, Find the correct mean.
Solution:
Given that the mean of 200 items is 50. Let us denote the 200 items by
𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋200 .
If be the mean of the n observations 𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋𝑛 , then we have
1
𝑋̅ = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑛

⇒ ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 𝑛𝑋̅
Hence we have
∑200
𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 200 × 50 = 10000

This sum is incorrect. We have to find the correct sum

It was discovered that the two items were misread as 92 and 8 instead of
192 and 88. So, 92 and 8 are must be replaced by 192 and 8 respectively.
To get the correct sum at first we have to remove the incorrect items and
then add the correct items.
Therefore, the correct sum is

T IO S
∑200
𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 10000 − 92 − 8 + 192 + 88

I
NO A D
= 10180

CO N
A
Thus, the correct mean is

PY
10180
DO U A
=
200
T
ED PR

= 50.9
C

Question 19: If M is the mean of x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 and x6, prove that
©

(x1 − M) + (x2 − M) (x3 − M) (x4 − M) + (x5 − M) + (x6 − M) = 0.

Solution:
Given that the mean of x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, and x6 is M.
We have to prove that
(x1 − M) + (x2 − M) + (x3 − M) + (x4 − M) + (x5 − M) + (x6 − M) = 0
Remember the definition of mean of n values x1, x2… xn is
𝑥1 +𝑥1 +⋯+𝑥𝑛
Mean(𝑋̅) =
𝑛

Therefore, we have
𝑥1 +𝑥2 +𝑥3 +𝑥4 +𝑥5 +𝑥6
=𝑀
6
⇒ 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 + 𝑥4 + 𝑥5 + 𝑥6 = 6𝑀
Now,
(x1 − M) + (x2 − M) + (x3 − M) + (x4 − M) + (x5 − M) + (x6 − M)
= x1 − M + x2 – M + x3 − M + x4 − M + x5 − M + x6 – M
= (𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 + 𝑥4 + 𝑥5 + 𝑥6 ) − 6𝑀
= 6𝑀 − 6𝑀

T IO S
=0

I
Hence the proof is complete.
NO A D
CO N
A
Question 20: Durations of sunshine (in hours) in Amritsar to first 10

PY
DO U A
days of August 1997 as reported by the Meteorological Department
T
are given below:
ED PR

9.6, 5.2, 3.5, 1.5, 1.6, 2.4, 2.6, 8.4, 10.3, 10.9
C

(i) Find the mean X.

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(ii) Verify that ∑𝟏𝟎 ̅

𝒊=𝟏(𝒙𝒊 − 𝑿) = 0

Solution:
Given that the durations of sunshine (in hours) in Amritsar for 10 days are
9.6, 5.2, 3.5, 1.5, 1.6, 2.4, 2.6, 8.4, 10.3, and 10.9.
(i) We have to find their mean.
Remember the definition of mean of n values x1, x2… xn is
𝑥 +𝑥 +⋯+𝑥𝑛
Mean(𝑋̅) = 1 1
𝑛

Therefore, the mean duration of sunshine is

9.6+5.2+3.5+1.5+1.6+2.4+2.6+8.4+10.3+10.9
𝑋̅ =
10
 56
=
10

= 5.6 hours.

(ii) We have to prove that ∑10 ̅

𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑋 ) = 0

We have
∑10 ̅
𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑋 )

T IO S
= ∑10 10 ̅
𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 − ∑𝑖=1 𝑋

I
NO A D
= (9.6 + 5.2 + 3.5 + 1.5 + 1.6 + 2.4 + 2.6 + 8.4 + 10.3 + 10.9) − 10𝑋̅

CO N
A
= 56 − (10 × 5.6)

PY
= 56 – 56
DO U A
T
=0
ED PR

Hence the proof is complete.

C
©

Question 21: Find the values of n and X in each of the following cases:

(i) ∑𝒏𝒕=𝟏(𝒙𝒊 − 𝟏𝟐) = −𝟏𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 ∑𝒏𝒕=𝟏(𝒙𝒊 − 𝟑) = 𝟔𝟐

(ii) ∑𝒏𝒕=𝟏(𝒙𝒊 − 𝟏𝟎) = 𝟑𝟎 and ∑𝒏𝒕=𝟏(𝒙𝒊 − 𝟔) = 𝟏𝟓𝟎

Solution:
If 𝑋̅ be the mean of the n observations 𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋𝑛 , then we have
1
𝑋̅ = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑛

⇒ ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 𝑛𝑋̅
(i) The given two equations are
∑𝑛𝑡=1(𝑥𝑖 − 12) = −10
∑𝑛𝑡=1(𝑥𝑖 − 3) = 62
The equations can be rewritten as
∑𝑛𝑡=1(𝑥𝑖 − 12) = −10
⇒ ∑𝑛𝑡=1 𝑥𝑖 − ∑𝑛𝑡=1 12 = −10
⇒ 𝑛𝑋̅ − 12𝑛 = −10
∑𝑛𝑡=1(𝑥𝑖 − 3) = 62

T IO S I
⇒ ∑𝑛𝑡=1 𝑥𝑖 − ∑𝑛𝑡=1 3 = 62
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 𝑛𝑋̅ − 3𝑛 = 62
A
We have to solve the above equations for 𝑛 and 𝑋̅.

PY
DO U A

Subtracting the first equation from the second equation, we have

T
ED PR

(𝑛𝑋̅ − 3𝑛) − (𝑛𝑋̅ − 12𝑛) = 62 − (−10)

⇒ 𝑛𝑋̅ − 3𝑛 − 𝑛𝑋̅ − 12𝑛 = 62 + 10
C
©

⇒ 9𝑛 = 72
72
⇒
9

⇒𝑛=8
Substitute the value of n in the first equation, we have
8𝑋̅ − 12 × 8 = −10
⇒ 8𝑋̅ − 96 = −10
⇒ 8𝑋̅ = 96 − 10
⇒ 8𝑋̅ = 86
86
⇒ 𝑋̅ =
8
⇒ 𝑋̅ = 10.75

(ii) The given two equations are

∑𝑛𝑡=1(𝑥𝑖 − 10) = 30
∑𝑛𝑡=1(𝑥𝑖 − 6) = 150
The equations can be rewritten as
∑𝑛𝑡=1(𝑥𝑖 − 10) = 30

T IO S I
⇒ ∑𝑛𝑡=1 𝑥𝑖 − ∑𝑛𝑡=1 10 = 30
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 𝑛𝑋̅ − 10𝑛 = 30
A
∑𝑛𝑡=1(𝑥𝑖 − 6) = 150

PY
DO U A

⇒ ∑𝑛𝑡=1 𝑥𝑖 − ∑𝑛𝑡=1 6 = 150

T
ED PR

⇒ 𝑛𝑋̅ − 6𝑛 = 150
We have to solve the above equations for 𝑛 and 𝑋̅.
C
©

Subtracting the first equation from the second equation, we have

(𝑛𝑋̅ − 6𝑛) − (𝑛𝑋̅ − 10𝑛) = 150 − 30
⇒ 𝑛𝑋̅ − 6𝑛 − 𝑛𝑋̅ − 10𝑛 = 120
⇒ 4𝑛 = 120
120
⇒𝑛=
4

⇒ 𝑛 = 30
Substitute the value of n in the first equation, we have
30𝑋̅ − 10 × 30 = 30
⇒ 30𝑋̅ − 300 = 30
⇒ 30𝑋̅ = 300 + 30
⇒ 30𝑋̅ = 330
330
⇒ 𝑋̅ =
30

⇒ 𝑋̅ = 11

Question 22: The sum of the deviations of a set of n values x1, x2...., xn,
measured from 15 and −3 are −90 and 54 respectively. Find the value

T IO S
of n and mean.

I
NO A D
Solution:

CO N
A
If 𝑋̅ be the mean of the n observations, 𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋𝑛 , then we have

PY
DO U A
1
𝑋̅ = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑛
T
ED PR

⇒ ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 𝑛𝑋̅
Given that the sums of the deviations of a set of n values 𝑥1 , … . , 𝑥𝑛
C

measured from 15 and -3 are -90 and 54 respectively. So that we get two
©

equations
∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 − 15) = −90
∑𝑛𝑖=1{𝑥𝑖 − (−3)} = 54
⇒ ∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 + 3) = 54
These equations can be rewritten as
∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 − 15) = −90
∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 − ∑𝑛𝑖=1 15 = −90
⇒ 𝑛𝑋̅ − 15𝑛 = −90
 ∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 + 3) = 54
∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 + ∑𝑛𝑖=1 3 = 54
⇒ 𝑛𝑋̅ + 3𝑛 = 54
We have to solve the above equations for 𝑛 and 𝑋̅ unknowns.
Subtracting the first equation from the second equation, we have
(𝑛𝑋̅ + 3𝑛) − (𝑛𝑋̅ − 15𝑛) = 54 − (−90)
⇒ 𝑛𝑋̅ + 3𝑛 − 𝑛𝑋̅ + 18𝑛 = 54 + 90

T IO S I
⇒ 18𝑛 = 144
NO A D
CO N
144
⇒𝑛=
A
18

PY
⇒𝑛=8
DO U A
T
Substitute the value of n in the first equation, we have
ED PR

8𝑋̅ − 15 × 8 = −90
C

⇒ 8𝑋̅ − 120 = −90

©

⇒ 8𝑋̅ = 120 − 90
⇒ 8𝑋̅ = 30
30
⇒ 𝑋̅ =
8
15
⇒ 𝑋̅ =
4

⇒ 𝑋̅ = 3.75

Question 23: Find the sum of the deviations of the variate values 3, 4,
6, 7, 8, 14 from their mean.
Solution:
If 𝑋̅ be the mean of the n observations 𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋𝑛 , then we have
1
𝑋̅ = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑛

⇒ ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 𝑛𝑋̅
The given 6 variate values are 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 14. Let us denote the values
by 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , . . . , 𝑋6 . Their mean value is given by

1
𝑋̅ = ∑6𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖

T IO S
6

I
1
= (3 + 4 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 14)
6
NO A D
CO N
A
1
= × 42 = 7
6

PY
DO U A
The sum of the deviations of the variate values from their mean is
T
∑6𝑖=1(𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋̅)
ED PR

= ∑6𝑖=1(𝑋𝑖 − 7)
C

= ∑6𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 − ∑6𝑖=1 7
©

= 6𝑋̅ − 6 × 7
=6×7−6×7
=0
Hence the proof is complete.

̅ is the mean of the ten natural numbers x1, x2, x3,...,

Question 24: If 𝑿
x10, show that
̅ ) + ( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝑿
(𝒙𝟏 − 𝑿 ̅ ) + ⋯ + (𝒙𝟏𝟎 − 𝑿
̅ ) = 𝟎.

Solution:
If 𝑋̅ be the mean of the n observations 𝑋1 , … . , 𝑋𝑛 , then we have
1
𝑋̅ = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑛

⇒ ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 𝑛𝑋̅
Given that 𝑋̅ is the mean of the 10 natural numbers 𝑥1 , … . , 𝑥10 . So, we
have
1
𝑋̅ = ∑10
𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖
𝑛

T IO S
⇒ ∑10 ̅
𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 = 10𝑋

I
We have to show that (𝑥1 − 𝑋̅ ) + (𝑥2 − 𝑋̅) + ⋯ + (𝑥10 − 𝑋̅) = 0
NO A D
CO N
A
That is to show that the sum of the deviations of the 10 natural numbers

PY
from their mean is 0.
DO U A

We have
T
ED PR

(𝑥1 − 𝑋̅) + (𝑥2 − 𝑋̅) + ⋯ + (𝑥10 − 𝑋̅)

= ∑10 ̅
𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑋 )
C
©

= ∑10 10 ̅
𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 − ∑𝑖=1 𝑋

= 10𝑋̅ − 10𝑋̅
=0
Hence the proof is complete.
 Exercise 24.2
Page number 24.13

Question 1: Calculate the mean for the following distribution:

x 5 6 7 8 9
y 4 8 14 11 3

T IO S
Solution:

I
NO A D
x y fx

CO N
5 4 20
A
6 8 48

PY
7 14 98
DO U A

8 11 88
T
ED PR

9 3 27
N = 40 ∑ 𝑓𝑥 = 281
C
©

Formula to calculate mean:

∑ 𝑓𝑥
Mean (𝑥̅ ) =
𝑁
281
=
40

= 7.025
⇒ Mean for the given distribution is 7.025.

Question 2: Find the mean of the following data:

x 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
y 13 15 16 18 16 15 13
Solution:
x y fx
19 13 247
21 15 315
23 16 368
25 18 450
27 16 432
29 15 435
31 13 403

T IO S
N = 106 ∑ 𝑓𝑥 = 2650

I
NO A D
CO N
Formula to calculate mean:
A
∑ 𝑓𝑥

PY
Mean (𝑥̅ ) =
DO U A
𝑁
T 2650
=
ED PR

106

= 25
C

⇒ Mean for the given data is 25.

©

Question 3: The mean of the following data is 20.6. Find the value of
p.
x 10 15 p 25 35
y 3 10 25 7 5

Solution:
 x y fx
10 3 30
15 10 150
P 25 25p
25 7 175
35 5 175
N = 50 ∑ 𝑓𝑥 = 25𝑝 + 530

T IO S
Formula to calculate mean:

I
∑ 𝑓𝑥
NO A D
Mean (𝑥̅ ) =

CO N
𝑁
A
(25𝑝 + 530)
=

PY
50
DO U A

Mean = 20.6 (Given)

T
ED PR

So,
(25𝑝 + 530)
20.6 =
C

50
©

25p + 530 = 1030

25p = 1030 − 530 = 500
or p = 20
⇒ The value of p is 20.

Question 4: If the mean of the following data is 15, find p.

x 5 10 15 20 25
y 6 p 6 10 5

Solution:
 x y fx
5 6 30
10 p 10p
15 6 90
20 10 200
25 5 125
N = 50 ∑ 𝑓𝑥 = 10𝑝 + 445

T IO S
Formula to calculate mean:

I
∑ 𝑓𝑥
NO A D
Mean (𝑥̅ ) =

CO N
𝑁
A
(10𝑝 + 445)
=

PY
(𝑝 + 27)
DO U A

Mean = 15 (Given)
T
ED PR

(10𝑝 + 445)
So, (𝑝 + 27)
= 15
C

10p + 445 = 15(p + 27)

©

10p – 15p = 405 – 445 = -40

-5p = -40
or p = 8
⇒ The value of p is 8.

Question 5: Find the value of p for the following distribution whose

mean is 16.6.
x 8 12 15 P 20 25 30
y 12 16 20 24 16 8 4
Solution:
x y fx
8 12 96
12 16 192
15 20 300
p 24 24p
20 16 320
25 8 200

T IO S
30 4 120

I
N = 100 ∑ 𝑓𝑥 = 24𝑝 + 1228
NO A D
CO N
A
Formula to calculate mean:

PY
DO U A
∑ 𝑓𝑥
Mean (𝑥̅ ) =
T
𝑁
ED PR

(24𝑝 + 1228)
=
100
C

Mean = 16.6 (given)

©

(24𝑝 + 1228)
So, = 16.6
100

24p + 1228 = 1660

24p = 1660 – 1228 = 432
432
p= = 18
24

⇒ The value of p is 18.

Question 6: Find the missing value of p for the following distribution

whose mean is 12.58.
 x 5 8 10 12 p 20 25
y 2 5 8 22 7 4 2

Solution:
x y fx
5 2 10
8 5 40
10 8 80

T IO S
12 22 264

I
NO A D
P 7 7p

CO N
20 4 80
A
25 2 50

PY
DO U A
N = 50 ∑ 𝑓𝑥 = 7𝑝 + 524
T
ED PR

Formula to calculate mean:

C

∑ 𝑓𝑥
Mean (𝑥̅ ) =
©

𝑁
(7𝑝 + 524)
=
50

Mean = 12.58 (given)

(7𝑝 + 524)
So, = 12.58
50

7p + 524 = 12.58 × 50
7p + 524 = 629
7p = 629 – 524 = 105
105
p= = 15
7

⇒ The value of p is 15.

Question 7: Find the missing frequency (p) for the following
distribution whose mean is 7.68.
x 3 5 7 9 11 13
f 6 8 15 p 8 4
Solution:
x y fx
3 6 18
5 8 40

T IO S
7 15 105

I
9 P 9p
NO A D 11 8 88

CO N
A
13 4 52
N = p + 41 ∑ 𝑓𝑥 = 9𝑝 + 303

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Formula to calculate mean:

∑ 𝑓𝑥
Mean (𝑥̅ ) =
C

𝑁
©

(9𝑝 + 303)
= (𝑝+41)

Mean = 7.68 (given)

(9𝑝 + 303)
So, (𝑝+41)
= 7.68

9p + 303 = 7.68 (p + 41)

9p + 303 = 7.68p + 314.88
9p − 7.68p = 314.88 − 303
1.32p = 11.88
(11.881)
or p = (1.32)
=9

⇒ The value of p is 9.
Question 8: Find the missing value of p for the following distribution
whose mean is 12.58.
x: 5 8 10 12 p 20 25
f: 2 5 8 22 7 4 2
Solution:
The given distribution in tabulated form is
x: 5 8 10 12 p 20 25

T IO S
f: 2 5 8 22 7 4 2

I
NO A D
CO N
A
We have to find the value of p using the information that the mean of the

PY
distribution is 12.58.
DO U A
T
Prepare the following frequency table of which the first column consists
ED PR

of the values of the variate and the second column the corresponding
frequencies. Multiply the frequency of each row with the corresponding
C

values of variable to obtain the third column containing 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖 .

©

𝑥𝑖 𝑓𝑖 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖
5 2 10
8 5 40
10 8 80
12 22 264
p 7 7p
20 4 80
25 2 50

Find the sum of all entries in the second and third column to obtain N and
∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖 respectively. Therefore,
N = ∑7𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖
= 2 + 5 + 8 + 22 + 7 + 4 + 2
= 50
∑7𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖
= 10 + 40 + 80 + 264 + 7𝑝 + 80 + 50
= 524 + 7𝑝

T IO S
The mean is

I
∑ 7
𝑓𝑥
𝑋̅ = 𝑖=1 𝑖 𝑖
NO A D𝑁

CO N
A
524+7𝑝
=
50

PY
DO U A
Hence, we have
T
ED PR

524+7𝑝
= 12.58
50

⇒ 524 + 7𝑝 = 629
C
©

⇒ 7𝑝 = 629 − 524
⇒ 7𝑝 = 105
105
⇒ 𝑝=
7

𝑝 = 15

Question 9: Find the missing frequency (p) for the following

distribution whose mean is 7.68.
x: 3 5 7 9 11 13
f: 6 8 15 p 8 4
Solution:
The given distribution in tabulated form is
x: 3 5 7 9 11 13
f: 6 8 15 p 8 4

We have to find the value of p using the information that the mean of the
distribution is 7.68.
Prepare the following frequency table of which the first column consists

T IO S
of the values of the variate and the second column the corresponding

I
frequencies. Multiply the frequency of each row with the corresponding
NO A D
values of variable to obtain the third column containing 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖 .

CO N
A
𝑥𝑖 𝑓𝑖 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖

PY
DO U A
3 6 18
T
5 8 40
ED PR

7 15 105
9 P 9P
C

11 8 88
©

13 4 52

Find the sum of all entries in the second and third column to obtain N and
∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖 respectively. Therefore,
N = ∑6𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖
= 6 + 8 + 15 + 𝑝 + 8 + 4
= 41 + 𝑝
∑6𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖
= 18 + 40 + 105 + 9𝑝 + 88 + 52
= 303 + 9𝑝
The mean is
∑ 7
𝑓𝑥
𝑋̅ = 𝑖=1 𝑖 𝑖
𝑁
303+9𝑝
=
41+𝑝

Hence, we have
303+9𝑝
= 7.68
41+𝑝

T IO S
⇒ 303 + 9𝑝 = 7.68(41 + 𝑝)

I
⇒ 9𝑝 − 7.6.8 = 314.88 − 303
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 1.32𝑝 = 11.88
A
11.88

PY
⇒ 𝑝=
DO U A
1.32
T
𝑝=9
ED PR
C

Question 10: Find the value of p, if the mean of the following

©

distribution is 20.
x: 15 17 19 20+p 23
f: 2 3 4 5p 6
Solution:
The given data in tabulated form is
x: 15 17 19 20+p 23
f: 2 3 4 5p 6

We have to find the value of p using the information that the mean of the
data is 20.
Prepare the following frequency table of which the first column consists
of the values of the variate and the second column the corresponding
frequencies. Multiply the frequency of each row with the corresponding
values of variable to obtain the third column containing 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖 .
𝑥𝑖 𝑓𝑖 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖
15 2 30
17 3 51
19 4 76

T IO S
20 + p 5p 5 P (20 + p)

I
23 6 138
NO A D
CO N
A
Find the sum of all entries in the second and third column to obtain N and

PY
DO U A
∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖 respectively. Therefore,
T
ED PR

N = ∑5𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖
= 2 + 3 + 4 + 5𝑝 + 6
C

= 15 + 5𝑝
©

∑5𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖
= 30 + 51 + 76 + 5𝑝(20 + 𝑝) + 138
= 5𝑝2 + 100𝑝 + 295
The mean is
5
∑ 𝑓𝑥
𝑋̅ = 𝑖=1 𝑖 𝑖
𝑁
5𝑝2 +100𝑝+295
=
15+5𝑝

Hence, we have
 5𝑝2 +100𝑝+295
= 20
15+5𝑝

⇒ 5𝑝2 + 100𝑝 + 295 = 300 + 100𝑝

⇒ 5𝑝2 = 300 − 295
⇒ 5𝑝2 = 5
5
⇒ 𝑝2 =
5

⇒ 𝑝2 = 1

T IO S
⇒ 𝑝 = ±1

I
NO A D
If p is negative then the 4th frequency becomes negative. But frequency

CO N
A
can’t be negative. Hence the possible value of p is 1

PY
DO U A
P=1
T
ED PR

Question 11: Candidates of four schools appear in a mathematics test.

The data were as follows:
C
©

Schools No. of Candidates Average Score

I 60 75
II 48 80
III Not available 55
IV 40 50

If the average score of the candidates of all the four schools is 66, find
the number of candidates that appeared from school III.
Solution:
Let the number of candidates appeared from school III is p.
Then the given data can be tabulated as
 x 75 80 55 50
f 60 48 p 40

The row of x denotes the average scores and the row of 𝑓 denotes the
number of candidates. We have to find the value of p using the
information that the average score of all the four schools is 66.
Prepare the following frequency table of which the first column consists

T IO S
of the average scores and the second column the number of candidate
(frequencies). Multiply the frequency of each row with the corresponding

I
NO A D
average scores to obtain the third column containing 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖 .

CO N
A
𝑥𝑖 𝑓𝑖 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖

PY
75 60 4500
DO U A

80 48 3840
T
ED PR

55 p 55 p
50 40 2000
C
©

Find the sum of all entries in the second and third column to obtain N and
∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖 respectively. Therefore,
N = ∑4𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖
= 60 + 48 + 𝑝 + 40
= 148 + 𝑝
∑4𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖
= 4500 + 3840 + 55𝑝 + 2000
= 10340 + 55𝑝
The mean is
 ∑ 4
𝑓𝑥
𝑋̅ = 𝑖=1 𝑖 𝑖
𝑁
10340+55𝑝
=
148+𝑝

Hence, we have
10340+55𝑝
= 66
148+𝑝

⇒ 10340 + 55𝑝 = 66(148 + 𝑝)

T IO S
⇒ 10340 + 55𝑝 = 9768 + 66𝑝

I
⇒ 10340 + 9768 = 66𝑝 − 55𝑝
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 572 = 11𝑝
A

PY
⇒ 11𝑝 = 572
DO U A

572
T
⇒ 𝑝=
ED PR

11

⇒ 𝑝 = 52
C

Hence the number of candidates appeared from school III is 52.

©

Question 12: Find the missing frequencies in the following frequency

distribution if it is known that the mean of the distribution is 50.

x: 10 30 50 70 90
f: 17 f1 32 f2 19

Total 120.
Solution:
The given distribution in tabulated form is
 x: 10 30 50 70 90
f: 17 f1 32 f2 19

We have to find the value of missing frequencies f1 and f2, using the
information that the mean of the distribution is 50 and the total frequency
is 120.
Prepare the following frequency table of which the first column consists

T IO S
of the values of the variate and the second column the corresponding

I
frequencies. Multiply the frequency of each row with the corresponding
NO A D
values of variable to obtain the third column containing 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖 .

CO N
A
𝑥𝑖 𝑓𝑖 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖

PY
10 17 170
DO U A

30 𝑓1 30 𝑓1
T
ED PR

50 32 1600
70 𝑓2 70𝑓2
C

90 19 1710
©

Find the sum of all entries in the second and third column to obtain N and
∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖 respectively. Therefore,
N = ∑5𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖
= 17 + 𝑓1 + 32 + 𝑓2 + 19
= 68 + 𝑓1 + 𝑓2
∑5𝑖=1 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖
= 170 + 30𝑓1 + 1600 + 70𝑓2 + 1710
= 3480 + 30𝑓1 + 70𝑓2
The mean is
 ∑ 4
𝑓𝑥
𝑋̅ = 𝑖=1 𝑖 𝑖
𝑁
3480+30𝑓1 +70𝑓2
=
68+𝑓1 +𝑓2

Hence, we have two equations

68 + 𝑓1 + 𝑓2 = 120
⇒ 𝑓1 + 𝑓2 = 120 − 68
⇒ 𝑓1 + 𝑓2 = 52

T IO S
3480+30𝑓1 +70𝑓2

I
= 50
NO A D 68+𝑓1 +𝑓2

CO N
⇒ 50(68 + 𝑓1 + 𝑓2 ) = 3480 + 30𝑓1 + 70𝑓2
A

PY
⇒ 3400 + 50𝑓1 + 50𝑓2 = 3480 + 30𝑓1 + 70𝑓2
DO U A
T
⇒ 50𝑓1 + 50𝑓2 − 30𝑓1 − 70𝑓2 = 3480 − 3400
ED PR

⇒ 20𝑓1 − 20𝑓2 = 80
⇒ 20(𝑓1 − 𝑓2 ) = 80
C
©

80
⇒ 𝑓1 − 𝑓2 =
20

⇒ 𝑓1 − 𝑓2 = 4
Adding them we get
(𝑓1 + 𝑓2 ) + (𝑓1 − 𝑓2 ) = 52 + 4
⇒ 𝑓1 + 𝑓2 + 𝑓1 − 𝑓2 = 56
⇒ 2𝑓1 = 56
⇒ 𝑓1 = 28
Putting the value of f1 in the second equation we get
28 − 𝑓2 = 4
⇒ 4 = 28 − 𝑓2
⇒ 𝑓2 = 28 − 4
⇒ 𝑓2 = 24

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
 Exercise 24.3
Page number 24.17

Question 1: Find the median of the following data:

83, 37, 70, 29, 45, 63, 41, 70, 34, 54
Solution:
Arranging given numbers in ascending order:

T IO S I
29, 34, 37, 41, 45, 54, 63, 70, 70, 83
NO A D
CO N
Here, Total number of terms = n = 10 (even)
A
𝑛 𝑛
𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒+( +1)𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

PY
2 2
∴ median =
DO U A
2
T
10 10
𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒+( +1)𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
ED PR

2 2
=
2
5𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 + 6𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
C

=
2
©

45 + 54
=
2
99
= = 49.5
2

Question 2: Find the median of the following data:

133, 73, 89, 108, 94, 104, 94, 85, 100, 120
Solution:
Arranging given numbers in ascending order:
73 , 85 , 89 ,94 , 94 , 100 , 104 , 108 , 120 , 133
Here, total number of terms = n = 10 (even)
 𝑛 𝑛
2
𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒+( 2 +1)𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
∴ median =
2
10 10
2
𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒+( 2 +1)𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
=
2
5𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 + 6𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
=
2
94 + 100
=
2
194
= 97

T IO S
=
2

I
NO A D
CO N
Question 3: Find the median of the following data:
A
31 , 38 , 27 , 28 , 36 , 25 , 35 , 40

PY
DO U A

Solution:
T
ED PR

Arranging given numbers in ascending order

25 , 27 , 28 , 31 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 40
C
©

Here, total number of terms = n = 8 (even)

𝑛 𝑛
𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒+( +1)𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
2 2
∴ median =
2
8 8
𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒+( +1)𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
2 2
=
2
4𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 + 5𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
=
2
31 + 35
=
2
66
= = 33
2
Question 4: Find the median of the following data:
15 , 6 , 16 , 8 , 22 , 21 , 9 , 18 , 25
Solution:
Arranging given numbers in ascending order
6 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 16 , 21 , 22 , 25
Here, total number of terms = n = 9 (odd)
𝑛

T IO S
∴ median = ( + 1) 𝑡ℎ term
2

I
9
NO A D= ( + 1) 𝑡ℎ term

CO N
2
A
= 5𝑡ℎ term

PY
DO U A
= 16
T
ED PR

Question 5: Find the median of the following data:

C

41 , 43 , 127 , 99 , 71 , 92 , 71 , 58 , 57
©

Solution:
Arranging given numbers in ascending order
41 , 43 , 57 , 58 , 71 , 71 , 92 , 99 , 127
Here, total number of terms = n = 9 (odd)
𝑛
∴ median = ( + 1) 𝑡ℎ term
2
9
= ( + 1) 𝑡ℎ term
2

= 5𝑡ℎ term
= 71
Question 6: Find the median of the following data:
25 , 34 , 31 , 23 , 22 , 26 , 35 , 29 , 20 , 32
Solution:
Arranging given numbers in ascending order
20 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 35
Here, total number of terms = n = 10 (even)
𝑛 𝑛

T IO S
2
𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒+( 2 +1)𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
∴ median =
2

I
NO A D 10 10
𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒+( +1)𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

CO N
2 2
=
A
2
5𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 + 6𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

PY
=
DO U A
2
T
26+29
ED PR

=
2
55
= = 27.5
C

2
©

Question 7: Find the median of the following data:

12 , 17 , 3 , 14 , 5 , 8 , 7 , 15
Solution:
Arranging given numbers in ascending order
3 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 17
Here, total number of terms = n = 8(even)
𝑛 𝑛
2
𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒+( 2 +1)𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
∴ median =
2
8 8
2
𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒+(2
+1)𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
=
2
 4𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 + 5𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
=
2
8 + 12
=
2
20
= = 10
2

Question 8: Find the median of the following data:

92 , 35 , 67 , 85 , 72 , 81 , 56 , 51 , 42 , 69

T IO S I
Solution:
NO A D
CO N
Arranging given numbers in ascending order
A
35 , 42 , 51 , 56 , 67 , 69 , 72 , 81 , 85 , 92

PY
DO U A
Here, total number of terms = n = 10(even)
T
ED PR

𝑛 𝑛
𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒+( +1)𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
2 2
∴ median =
2
C

10 10
𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒+( +1)𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
2 2
=
©

2
5𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 + 6𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
=
2
67 + 69
=
2
136
= = 68
2

Question 9: Numbers 50, 42, 35, 2x + 10, 2x − 8, 12, 11, 8 are written
in descending order and their median is 25, find x.
Solution:
The given data in descending order is
50, 42, 35, 2x+10, 2x-8, 12, 11, 8
Here, the number of observation , which is an even number.
Hence, the median is
𝑛 𝑡ℎ 𝑛 𝑡ℎ
( 2 ) observation+( 2 +1) observation
2
8 𝑡ℎ 8 𝑡ℎ
(2) observation+(2+1) observation
=
2

T IO S
4𝑡ℎ observation+5𝑡ℎ observation
=

I
2
NO A D
CO N
(2𝑥+10)+(2𝑥−8)
=
A
2
2𝑥+10+2𝑥−8

PY
=
DO U A
2
T
4𝑥+2
ED PR

=
2
2(2𝑥+1)
=
C

2
©

= 2𝑥 + 1
But, it is given that the median is 25. Hence, we have
2𝑥 + 1 = 25
⇒ 2𝑥 = 25 − 1
⇒ 2𝑥 = 24
24
⇒ 𝑥=
2

⇒ 𝑥 = 12
Question 10: Find the median of the following observations: 46, 64,
87, 41, 58, 77, 35, 90, 55, 92, 33. If 92 is replaced by 99 and 41 by 43 in
the above data, find the new median?
Solution:
The given data is 46, 64, 87, 41, 58, 77, 35, 90, 55, 92 and 33.
Arranging the given data in ascending order, we have
33, 35, 41, 46, 55, 58, 64, 77, 87, 90, 92

T IO S
Here, the number of observation 𝑛 = 11, which is an odd number.

I
NO A D
Hence, the median is

CO N
A
𝑛 𝑡ℎ
( + 1) observation
2

PY
DO U A
11+1 𝑡ℎ
=( ) observation
T
2
ED PR

= 6𝑡ℎ observation
C

= 58
©

If 92 and 41 are replaced by 99 and 43 respectively, then the given data

becomes 46, 64, 87, 43, 58, 77, 35, 90, 55, 99 and 33.
Arranging the new data in ascending order, we have
33, 35, 43, 46, 55, 58, 64, 77, 87, 90, 99
Here, the number of observation 𝑛 = 11, which is an odd number.
Hence, the new median is
𝑛 𝑡ℎ
( + 1) observation
2

11+1 𝑡ℎ
=( ) observation
2

= 6𝑡ℎ observation
= 58

Question 11: Find the median of the following data: 41, 43, 127, 99,
61, 92, 71, 58, 57 If 58 is replaced by 85, what will be the new median
Solution:
The given data is 41, 43, 127, 99, 61, 92, 71, 58 and 57.
Arranging the given data in ascending order, we have

T IO S
41, 43, 57, 58, 61, 71, 92, 99, 127

I
NO A D
Here, the number of observation 𝑛 = 9, which is an odd number.

CO N
A
Hence, the median is

PY
DO U A
𝑛 𝑡ℎ
( + 1) observation
T
2
ED PR

9+1 𝑡ℎ
=( ) observation
2
C

= 5𝑡ℎ observation
©

= 61
If 58 is replaced by 85, then the given data become 41, 43, 127, 99, 61,
92, 71, 85 and 57.
Arranging the new data in ascending order, we have
41, 43, 57, 61, 71, 85, 92, 99, 127
Here, the number of observation 𝑛 = 9, which is an odd number.
Hence, the new median is
𝑛 𝑡ℎ
( + 1) observation
2

9+1 𝑡ℎ
=( ) observation
2
= 5𝑡ℎ observation
= 71

Question 12: The weights (in kg) of 15 students are: 31, 35, 27, 29, 32,
43, 37, 41, 34, 28, 36, 44, 45, 42, 30. Find the median. If the weight 44
kg is replaced by 46 kg and 27 kg by 25 kg, find the new median.
Solution:

T IO S
The weights (in kg) of 15 students are 31, 35, 27, 29, 32, 43, 37, 41, 34,

I
28, 36, 44, 45, 42 and 30.
NO A D
CO N
Arranging them in ascending order, we have
A
27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45

PY
DO U A

Here, the number of observation 𝑛 = 15, which is an odd number.

T
ED PR

Hence, the median is

𝑛 𝑡ℎ
C

( + 1) observation
2
©

15+1 𝑡ℎ
=( ) observation
2

= 8𝑡ℎ observation
= 35 kg
If the weights 44kg and 27kg are replaced by 46kg and 25kg respectively,
then the given data becomes 31, 35, 25, 29, 32, 43, 37, 41, 34, 28, 36, 46,
45, 42 and 30.
Arranging the new data in ascending order, we have
25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46
Here, the number of observation 𝑛 = 15, which is an odd number.
Hence, the new median is
𝑛 𝑡ℎ
( + 1) observation
2

15+1 𝑡ℎ
=( ) observation
2

= 8𝑡ℎ observation
= 35 kg

T IO S I
Question 13: The following observations have been arranged in
NO A D
ascending order. If the median of the data is 63, find the value of x:

CO N
A

PY
23, 32, 48, 50, x, x+2, 72, 78, 84, 95
DO U A

Solution:
T
ED PR

The given data in ascending order is

29, 32, 48, 50, x, x+2, 72, 78, 84, 95
C
©

Here, the number of observation 𝑛 = 10, which is an even number.

Hence, the median is
𝑛 𝑡ℎ 𝑛 𝑡ℎ
( 2 ) observation+( 2 +1) observation
2
10 𝑡ℎ 10 𝑡ℎ
( 2 ) observation+( 2 +1) observation
=
2
5𝑡ℎ observation+6𝑡ℎ observation
=
2
𝑥+(𝑥+2)
=
2
𝑥+𝑥+2
=
2
 2𝑥+2
=
2
2(𝑥+1)
=
2

=𝑥+1
But, it is given that the median is 63. Hence, we have
𝑥 + 1 = 63
⇒ 𝑥 = 63 − 1

T IO S
⇒ 𝑥 = 62

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
 Exercise 24.4
Page number 24.19

Question 1: Find out the mode of the following marks obtained by 15

students in a class:
Marks: 4 , 6 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 8 , 10 , 4 , 7 , 6 , 5 , 9 , 8 , 7 , 7.
Solution:

T IO S
Mode is the value which occurs most frequently in a set of observations.

I
NO A D
Frequency of given set of observations are:

CO N
A
Marks 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

PY
No. of students 2 2 2 4 2 2 1
DO U A
T
ED PR

Here, we can see that 7 occurred most frequently.

So, Mode = 7
C
©

Question 2: Find out the mode from the following data:

125 , 175 , 225 , 125 , 225 , 175 , 325 , 125 , 375 , 225 , 125
Solution:
Find the frequency of given set of observations:
Values 125 175 225 325 375
Frequency 4 2 3 1 1

125 occurred for 4 times than any other values.

So, Mode = 125
Question 3: Find the mode for the following series:
7.5 , 7.3 , 7.2 , 7.2 , 7.4 , 7.7 , 7.7 , 7.5 , 7.3 , 7.2 , 7.6 , 7.2
Solution:
Find the frequency:
Values 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7
Frequency 4 2 1 2 1 2

T IO S
Maximum frequency 4 corresponds to the value 7.2.

I
NO A D
So, mode = 7.2

CO N
A

PY
Question 4: Find the mode of the following data in each case:
DO U A
T
(i) 14, 25, 14, 28, 18, 17, 18, 14, 23, 22, 14, 18
ED PR

(ii) 7, 9, 12, 13, 7, 12, 15, 7, 12, 7, 25, 18, 7

C

Solution:
©

(i) The given data is 14, 25, 14, 28, 18, 17, 18, 14, 23, 22, 14 and 18.
Make the following frequency table.
Value Tally bars Frequency
14 |||| 4
17 | 1
18 ||| 3
22 | 1
23 | 1
25 | 1
28 | 1

Here 14 occurs maximum number of times (that is 4). Hence, the modal
value is 14.
(ii) The given data is 7, 9, 12, 13, 7, 12, 15, 7, 12, 7, 25, 18 and 7.
Make the following frequency table.
Value Tally bars Frequency
7 |||| 5
9 | 1
12 ||| 3
13 | 1
15 | 1

T IO S
198 | 1
25 | 1

I
NO A D
Since the value 7 occurs maximum number of times, that is, 5. Hence, the

CO N
modal value is 7.
A

PY
DO U A

Question 5: The demand of different shirt sizes, as obtained by a

T
ED PR

survey, is given below:

Size: 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Total
C

Number of persons
©

26 39 20 15 13 7 5 125
(wearing it):
Find the modal shirt sizes, as observed from the survey.
Solution:
The demand of different shirt sizes is given as
x f
38 26
39 39
40 20
41 15
42 13
43 7
44 5
Here x denotes the size of the shirts and f denotes the number of peoples
(frequency) wearing it.
The value 39 occur maximum number of times, that is, 39. Hence, the
modal shirt size is 39.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPES QUESTION (VSAQs)
Page number 24.21

Question 1: If the ratio of mean and median of a certain data is 2:3,

then find the ratio of its mode and mean.
Solution:
Empirical formula: Mode = 3 median – 2 mean

T IO S
Since, ratio of mean and median of a certain data is 2:3, then mean = 2x

I
NO A D
and median = 3x

CO N
Mode = 3(3x) – 2(2x)
A

PY
= 9x – 4x
DO U A
T
= 5x
ED PR

Therefore,
C

Mode: Mean = 5x: 2x or 5: 2

©

Question 2: If the mean of 𝐱 + 𝟐, 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟑, 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟒, 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟓 𝐢𝐬 𝐱 + 𝟐, find

x.
Solution:
Given: Mean of x + 2, 2x + 3, 3x + 4, 4x + 5 is x + 2
(Sum of all the observations)
We know, Mean = (Total
number of observations)

Sum of all the observations = x+2 + 2x+3 + 3x+4 + 4x+5 = 10x + 14

Total number of observations = 4
(10𝑥 + 14)
⇒ Mean =
4
 (10𝑥 + 14)
or (x + 2) = (using given)
4

4x + 8 = 10x + 14
x = -1

𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
Question 3: If the median of scores , , , and (where x > 0) is 6,
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔
𝒙
then find the value of .
𝟔

T IO S
Solution:

I
NO A D
Given that the median of the scores
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
, , , , , where x > 0is 6. The

CO N
2 3 4 5 6
A
𝑥
number of scores n is 5, which is an odd number. We have to find
6

PY
DO U A
Note that the scores are in descending order. Hence the median is
T
ED PR

𝑛 𝑡ℎ
( + 1) score
2

5+1 𝑡ℎ
C

=( ) score
©

= 3𝑟𝑑 score
𝑥
=
4

But, it is given that the median is 6. Hence, we have

𝑥
=6
4

⇒𝑥 =6×4
𝑥
⇒ =4
6

Question 4: If the mean of 2, 4, 6, 8, x, y is 5, then find the value

of x + y.
Solution:
The given data is 2, 4, 6, 8, x, y. They are 6 in numbers.
The mean is
2+4+6+8+𝑥+𝑦
6
20+𝑥+𝑦
=
6

But, it is given that the mean is 5. Hence, we have

T IO S
20+𝑥+𝑦
=5

I
6

NO A D
CO N
⇒ 20 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 30
A
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 30 − 20

PY
DO U A
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
T
ED PR

Question 5: If the mode of scores 3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 6, 6, x is 4, find the value

C

of x.
©

Solution:
The given data is3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 6, 6, x.
The mode is the value which occur maximum number of times, that is, the
mode has maximum frequency. If the maximum frequency occurs for
more than 1 value, then the number of mode is more than 1 and is not
unique.
Here it is given that the mode is 4. So, x must be 4, otherwise it contradicts
that the mode is 4. Hence 𝑥 = 4.

Question 6: If the median of 33, 28, 20, 25, 34, x is 29, find the
maximum possible value of x.
Solution:
The given data is 33, 28, 20, 25, 34, x. The total number of values is 𝑛 =
6
6, is an even number. Hence the median depends on the ( ) = 3𝑟𝑑
2
6
observation and ( + 1) = 4𝑡ℎ observation.
2

Since we have to find the maximum possible value of x. So we must put

it in the 4th position when ordering in ascending order.
Arranging the data in ascending order, we have

T IO S I
20, 25, 28, x, 33, 34
NO A D
CO N
Hence, the median is
A
𝑛 𝑡ℎ 𝑛 𝑡ℎ
( 2 ) observation+( 2 +1) observation

PY
DO U A
2
T
6 𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ
ED PR

6
(2) observation+(2+1) observation
=
2
3𝑟𝑑 observation+4𝑡ℎ observation
C

=
©

2
28+𝑥
=
2

Here it is given that the median is 29. So, we have

28+𝑥
= 29
2

⇒ 28 + 𝑥 = 58
⇒ 𝑥 = 58 − 28
⇒ 𝑥 = 30

Question 7: If the median of the scores 1, 2, x, 4, 5 (where 1 < 2 < x <

4 < 5) is 3, then find the mean of the scores.
Solution:
The given data is 1, 2, x, 4 and 5. Since 1 < 2 < x < 4 < 5, the given data
is already in ascending order.
Here, the number of observation 𝑛 = 5, which is an odd number.
Hence, the median is
𝑛 𝑡ℎ
( + 1) observation
2

T IO S
5+1 𝑡ℎ
=( ) observation

I
2

NO A D
= 3𝑟𝑑 observation

CO N
A
=𝑥

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DO U A
Here, it is given that the median is 3. Hence, we have 𝑥 = 3.
T
ED PR

The mean is
1+2+3+4+5
5
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15
=
5

= 3.

Question 8: If the ratio of mode and median of a certain data is 6: 5,

then find the ratio of its mean and median.
Solution:
We know, Empirical formula: Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
Since, ratio of mode and median of a certain data is 6:5.
Mode 6
⇒ =
Median 5
 (6 Median)
or Mode =
5

Now,
(6 Median)
= 3 Median – 2 Mean
5
(6 Median)
– 3 Median = – 2 Mean
5
9
or (Median) = Mean
10

T IO S
Mean 9
or = or 9:10.

I
Median 10

NO A D
CO N
A
Question 9: The arithmetic mean and mode of a data are 24 and 12

PY
respectively, then find the median of the data.
DO U A
T
Solution:
ED PR

Given: The arithmetic mean and mode of a data are 24 and 12 respectively
We know, Empirical formula: Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
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or 3 Median = Mode + 2 Mean

Using given values, we get
3 Median = 12 + 2(24) = 60
or Median = 20

Question 10: If the difference of mode and median of a data is 24, then
find the difference of median and mean.
Solution:
Given: difference of mode and median of a data is 24.
That is, Mode – Median = 24
 or Mode = 24 + Median … (1)
We know, Empirical formula: Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
24 + Median = 3 Median – 2 Mean (Using (1))
24 = 2 Median – 2 Mean
or 12 = Median – Mean
Therefore, the difference of median and mean is 12.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
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