SESSION 2024-25

CLASS XII

Worksheet 3

ATOMS AND NUCLEI

SECTION A

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1.The ground state of energy of hydrogen atom is -13.6 eV. What is the kinetic energy of electron in
the second excited state?

a) 3.02 eV b)3.34 eV c)1.15 eV d) 0.25 eV

Q2. The simple Bohr model cannot be directly applied to calculate the energy levels of an atom with
many electrons. This is because

(a) of the electrons not being subject to a central force.

(b) of the electrons colliding with each other.

(c) of screening effects.

(d) the force between the nucleus and an electron will no longer be given by Coulomb’s law

Q3. . For the ground state, the electron in the H-atom has an angular momentum = nh/2π, according
to the simple Bohr model. Angular momentum is a vector and hence there will be infinitely many
orbits with the vector pointing in all possible directions. In actuality, this is not true,

(a) because Bohr model gives incorrect values of angular momentum.

(b) because only one of these would have a minimum energy.

(c) angular momentum must be in the direction of spin of electron.

(d) because electrons go around only in horizontal orbits.

Q4. A set of atoms in an excited state decays.

(a) in general, to any of the states with lower energy.

(c) all together simultaneously into a lower state. (

d) to emit photons only when they collide.

Q.5 Two H atoms in the ground state collide inelastically. The maximum amount by which their
combined kinetic energy is reduced is

(a) 10.20 eV. (b) 20.40 eV. (c) 13.6 eV. (d) 27.2 eV

Q.6 O2 molecule consists of two oxygen atoms. In the molecule, nuclear force between the nuclei of
the two atoms

(a) is not important because nuclear forces are short-ranged.

(b) is as important as electrostatic force for binding the two atoms.

(c) cancels the repulsive electrostatic force between the nuclei.

(d) is not important because oxygen nucleus have equal number of neutrons and protons.

Q.7 The average binding energy per nucleon is maximum for the nucleus.

(a) 4He 2 (b) 16 O 8 (c) 56 Fe26 (d) 238 U 92

Q.8 Assertion: It is essential that all the lines available in the emission spectrum will also be available
in the absorption spectrum.

Reason: The spectrum of hydrogen atom is only absorption spectrum.

Q.9 Assertion: For the scattering of α-particles at a large angles, only the nucleus of he atom is
responsible.

Reason: Nucleus is very heavy in comparison to α particle.

Q.10Assertion: Hydrogen atom consists of only one electron but its emission spectrum has many
lines.

Reason: Only Lyman series is found in the absorption spectrum of hydrogen atom whereas in the
emission spectrum, all the series are found.

SECTION B

Q11. Two nuclei have mass numbers in the ratio 1 : 27. What is the ratio of their nuclear density?

Q12. The mass of a nucleus in its ground state is always less than the total mass of its constituents –
neutrons and protons. Explain.

Q13. Plot a graph showing the variation of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of
their separation.
Q14. In the Rutherford scattering experiment the distance of closest approach for an a-particle is d 0 .
If a-particle is replaced by a proton, how much kinetic energy in comparison to a-particle will it
require to have the same distance of closest approach d0 ?

Q15. A heavy nucleus X of mass number 240 and binding energy per nucleon 7.6 MeV is split into
two fragments Y and Z of mass numbers 110 and 130. The binding energy of nucleons in Y and Z is
8.5 MeV per nucleon. Calculate the energy Q released per fission in MeV.

Q16. (a) Using de Broglie’s hypothesis, explain with the help of a suitable diagram, Bohr’s second
postulate of quantization of energy levels in a hydrogen atom.

(b) The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is –13.6 eV. What are the kinetic and potential
energies of the electron in this state?

Q17. When four hydrogen nuclei combine to form a helium nucleus, estimate the amount of
energy in MeV released in this process of fusion (Neglect the masses of electrons and
neutrinos) Given:(i) mass of 1H1 = 1.007825 u

(ii) mass of helium nucleus = 4.002603 u, 1u = 931 MeV / c2

Q.. If 200 MeV energy is released in the fission of a single nucleus of 92 U238 , how many fission must
occur to produce a power of 1KW?

Q18. Distinguish between nuclear fission and fusion. Show how in both these processes energy is
released. Calculate the energy release in Mev in the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction:

1𝐻 2 + 1𝐻 3 2𝐻𝑒 4 +n

Using the data: m(1𝐻 2 )=2.014102u, m(1𝐻 3 )=3.016049u, m(2𝐻𝑒 4 )=4.002603u, m(n)=1.008665u,
1u=931.5MeV/c2

Q19. Calculate the ratio of the frequencies of the radiation emitted due to transition of the electron
in a hydrogen atom from its (i) second permitted energy level to the first level and (ii) highest
permitted energy level to the second permitted level.

Q20. . Define the distance of closest approach. An a-particle of kinetic energy ‘K’ is bombarded on a
thin gold foil. The distance of the closest approach is ‘r’. What will be the distance of closest
approach for an a- particle of double the kinetic energy ?

SECTION C

CASE BASED QUESTIONS

According to the third postulate of Bohr’s model, when an atom makes a transition from the higher
energy state with quantum number ni to the lower energy state with quantum number nf (nf < ni),
the difference of energy is carried away by a photon of frequency ν such that hν = Eni – Enf. Since
both nf and ni are integers, this immediately shows that in transitions between different atomic
levels, light is radiated in various discrete frequencies. For hydrogen spectrum, the Balmer formula
corresponds to nf = 2 and ni = 3, 4, 5 etc. The results of the Bohr’s model suggested the presence of
other series spectra for hydrogen atom–those corresponding to transitions resulting from nf = 1 and
ni = 2, 3, etc; nf = 3 and ni = 4, 5, etc. and so on. Such series were identified in the course of
spectroscopic investigations and are known as the Lyman, Balmer, Paschen, Brackett, and Pfund
series.

i)The series of spectrum when electron jumps from n = 5 to n = 3 is

a) Lymen b) Balmer c) Paschen d) Bracket

ii) Balmer series is obtained when electron transits from

a) n = 1,2,3, … to n = 5
b) b) n = 3,4,5 … to n = 2
c) ) n = 1,2,3, … to n = 4
d) d) n = 1,2,3, … to n = 6

iii) What is the maximum energy of photon in emission spectrum of hydrogen atom

a) 13.6 eV b) 1.36 eV c) 1.5 eV d) 1eV

iv) Which of the following transitions in hydrogen atom emit photon of highest frequency?

(a) n=1 to n=2 (b) n=2 to n=6 (c) n=6 to n=2 (d) n=2 to n=1