Roadmap B2+ - Teacher's Book

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Teacher’s Book
and Teacher’s Portal Access Code
Damian Williams, Clementine Annabell

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CONTENTS
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Introduction
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Student’s Book contents 4–7

Welcome to Roadmap 8–9
Course components 10–11
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Student’s Book 12–15

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Support components 16–19

Workbook 16
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Mobile app 16
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Online practice 17
Teacher’s Book 18
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Teacher’s Portal 18
Presentation tool 19
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Course methodology 20–23

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Teacher’s notes
Units 1–10 24–150
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Resource bank
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Photocopiable activities index 151–152

Photocopiable activities 153–242
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Photocopiable activities notes and answer key 243–266

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STUDENT’S BOOK CONTENTS
Contents
MAIN LESSON GRAMMAR/LANGUAGE VOCABULARY
FAST-TRACK ROUTE
PRONUNCIATION SPEAKING GOAL
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UNIT 1 page 6
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Give it a go cleft sentences free-time sentence stress in cleft persuade people to try different
1A activities sentences activities
page 6
Kind acts narrative tenses helping people weak forms: had narrate a short story in detail
1B page 8
How annoying! exaggeration at work stress on honestly and talk about annoying incidents
1C
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page 10 seriously
English in action FUNCTION: negotiate fights and sounding firm negotiate solutions in disputes
1D page 12 solutions in disputes disputes
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Go online for the Roadmap video.
UNIT 2
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page 14
On the mend the future in the past Injuries and weak forms: to talk about recovery
2A page 14 illnesses
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A good cause double comparatives charities intonation in double present a case

2B page 16 comparatives
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Regeneration negative questions urban change intonation in negative make suggestions about new
2C page 18 questions uses for old buildings
Check and reflect: Units 1 and 2 page 20 Go online for the Roadmap video.
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UNIT 3 page 22
It’ll brighten up ways of expressing the the weather intonation in future forms talk about the weather and plan
3A
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page 22 future activities
Law and order verb patterns and reporting The law and reduced -ed endings in past discuss legal cases and
3B page 24 courts forms consequences
Fair play even and hardly sports events, sentence stress: even and talk about sports events and
3C page 26 actions and news hardly news stories
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English in action FUNCTION: give a short, clearly gender delivery of a presentation: give a short, clearly structured
3D structured presentation stereotypes pauses, speed and emphasis presentation
page 28
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UNIT 4 page 30
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Time of your life defining and non-defining describing pauses with non-defining talk about a range of people
4A relative clauses different age relative clauses you know
page 30
groups
Fashion icon noun phrases clothes and stress with quite before an answer a questionnaire about
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4B page 32 fashion adjective clothes and fashion
Being me prepositions 1 Influences and linking with prepositions rank things that have most
4C page 34 identity influenced you
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UNIT 5 page 38
On the move continuous forms commuting weak forms: auxiliary verbs take part in a discussion on
5A page 38 commuting
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In the wild participle clauses geographical chunks? chunking? talk about ways to attract more
5B page 40 features investment to or protect a place
you know
House or home? translation and collocation homes and weak forms: is describe different homes
5C page 42 decoration
English in action FUNCTION: make suggestions hosting guests how words change in speech: make suggestions about what
5D page 44 about what to do in an area would to do in an area
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EXTENDED ROUTE
DEVELOP YOUR SKILLS LESSON GOAL FOCUS
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1A Develop your writing write a report changing the register of spoken

page 116 information
1B Develop your listening understand informal identifying rhetorical questions

page 86 discussions
1C Develop your reading understand newspaper and recognising similarities and

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page 96 magazine articles differences between opinions

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2A Develop your reading understand intended recognising positive and

page 98 meaning in a blog negative connotations of words
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2B Develop your writing write an email to build building a rapport with an email
page 118 rapport recipient
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2C Develop your listening understand disagreement in recognising how modifiers can

page 87 a radio interview express disagreement
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3A Develop your writing write an effective leaflet writing effective paragraphs

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page 120
3B Develop your listening understand a podcast recognising fractions and

page 88 multiplies
3C Develop your reading understand magazine recognising lexical cues

page 100 interviews
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4A Develop your listening understand casual recognising when something is

page 89 conversations said ironically
4B Develop your writing write an academic essay developing an argument in an

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page 122 essay
4C Develop your reading understand online recognising repetition of ideas

page 102 responses to a question
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5A Develop your listening understand public address understanding public

page 90 announcements announcements
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5B Develop your writing write a narratiive using evocative and descriptive

page 124 language
5C Develop your reading understand an article when to check the meaning of

page 104 words
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STUDENT’S BOOK CONTENTS
Contents FAST-TRACK ROUTE

MAIN LESSON GRAMMAR/LANGUAGE VOCABULARY PRONUNCIATION SPEAKING GOAL
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UNIT 6 page 46
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A difficult business adverbs and adverbial successful and adverbs with -ly and -ally talk about businesses and the
6A page 46 phrases failing businesses economy
On the map further passive hosting events weak forms: to have decide on the best kind of event
6B page 48 constructions for your town/city to host
Going out word grammar and patterns talking about arts sentence stress talk about events you have
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6C page 50 (expect, surprised) events been to
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UNIT 7 page 54
Ups and downs adding comments using life’s ups and disappearance of t in must tell stories about recent
7A
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page 54 must and can’t downs and can’t experiences and comment on
them
Is it news? second, third and mixed talking about the stress with modal verbs talk about the impact of news
7B page 56 conditionals news stories and events
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A show of hands phrases to show the voting and sentence stress Take part in a debate (on issues
7C relationship between ideas elections around voting)
page 58
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English in action FUNCTION: give a presentation explaining variations in pace and give a presentation with visuals
7D with visuals statistics pausing in speech
page 60

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UNIT 8 page 62
Jobs for life? complex questions describing what weak forms: that roleplay a conversation about
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8A page 62 your job involves what you do
Sleep well auxiliary verbs sleep stress on auxiliary verbs for talk about sleep and insomnia
8B page 64 emphasis
Food for thought complex comparatives food and cooking weak forms: as talk about food and cooking
8C
page 66
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UNIT 9 page 70
Feelings not only and no sooner/as feelings not only and no sooner/as tell better stories and
9A page 70 soon as soon as anecdotes
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Habits will and would for habits; I describing people weak forms: would and will describe other people’s habits
9B page 72 wish + would and their habits and how you feel about them
All the rage making new words trends pronunciation of new words talk about trends
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9C page 74
English in action FUNCTION: manage informal colloquial elision manage informal conversations
9D page 76 conversations and idiomatic
language
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UNIT 10 page 78
Eureka! prepositions 2 science weak forms: prepositions report on and discuss science
10A
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page 78
A great read linking words and phrases book reviews linking between consonants describe books
10B and vowels
page 80
A good laugh puns talking about how words sound in context tell jokes
10C humour
page 82
Language bank page 136 Vocabulary bank page 156 Communication bank page 166 Irregular verbs page 175
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EXTENDED ROUTE
DEVELOP YOUR SKILLS LESSON GOAL FOCUS
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6A Develop your reading understand a story inferring what will come next
page 106
6B Develop your listening understand the main points recognising nouns used as verbs
page 91 of a complex presentation
6C Develop your writing write a review checking and correcting spelling

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page 126
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7A Develop your writing write notes, cards and expressing the personal
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page 128 messages for important significance of an event

events
7B Develop your listening understand a discussion or understanding hypothetical
page 92 debate situations in an argument
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7C Develop your reading understand an article understanding cause and effect

page 108 in a complex text
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8A Develop your listening follow extended identifying clarification language

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page 93 unstructured speech
8B Develop your writing write a response to an article challenging evidence used in an

page 130 article
8C Develop your reading understand an online diary recognising topics that idioms
page 110 refer to
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9A Develop your listening understand panel interviews recognising when someone

page 94 avoids answering a question
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9B Develop your writing write a narrative linking two actions together

page 132
9C Develop your reading compare a text and its critically evaluating a summary
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page 112 summary

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10A Develop your writing write a biography using a range of idiomatic

phrases
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page 134
10B Develop your reading understand linguistically recognising small details that
page 114 complex texts change meaning
10C Develop your listening follow a conversation improving listening skills

page 95 between two fluent speakers
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WELCOME TO ROADMAP
Roadmap is a new, flexible eight-level general English course for adults. Recognising
that every class is different and every learner is unique, Roadmap provides a dual
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track approach that allows all learners to develop confidence in speaking while taking
a more tailored approach to skills development. It does this by providing smooth
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syllabus progression based on the Global Scale of English, by putting clear and
achievable speaking goals at the heart of every lesson, and by providing in-depth skills
development lessons for teachers to choose from at the back of the Student’s Book.
Multiple opportunities are provided for learners to practise outside the classroom in
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print, online and using the mobile app.

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Map your own route through the course

It can be challenging for institutions and teachers to deal with the different needs,
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interests and abilities of each student, especially if they have a wide mix of
learners in the same class. The unique dual track approach of Roadmap helps you
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solve this problem.

The fast track route concentrates on developing learners’ speaking skills as well
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as giving them the grammar, vocabulary and functional language they need to
achieve their goals.
The extended route gives learners valuable practice in reading, writing and
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listening as well as specific training and strategies for developing these skills.
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Fast track route: Extended route:

10 core units featuring 10 core units plus
grammar, vocabulary and additional skills-based
pronunciation with each lesson lessons (reading, writing
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leading to a final GSE-related and listening) linked to the

speaking activity. content of each lesson.
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This unique approach also allows you to adapt material to suit different course
lengths. Whatever the number of hours in your course and whatever the interests of
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your learners, the flexible organisation of Roadmap makes it easy for you to choose
the best route for your students’ success.
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Build your students’ confidence

Learners need to know what they are aiming for and why. This is key to building
confidence, increasing motivation and helping learners make rapid, tangible
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progress.
Global Scale of English learning objectives provide students with clear goals for
every lesson (the goals have been selected to be useful and relevant to students in
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real-life situations).
Grammar and vocabulary has been specifically selected according to how useful it
is in terms of helping learners reach specific goals.
Carefully structured tasks with ‘models’ and opportunities to review performance,
Check and reflect activities and regular progress tests allow learners to see how
well they are doing and highlight the areas they need to improve.
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Make the most of your skills as a teacher
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Roadmap is designed to be as supportive and easy to use as possible, whatever your

level of experience, with:
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● ‘pick-up-and-go’ lessons with clear aims and outcomes that are guaranteed to work.
● clear instructions on how to exploit each lesson, including help with tricky
language points, ideas for warmers, fillers, extension and homework activities.
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● a huge range of additional support materials, including video, photocopiable games

and activities, online and mobile app practice activities, are provided to add variety
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to your lessons.
The front of class presentation tool makes it easy to access all the support material in
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one place and enhances your performance as a teacher.

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ROADMAP
ROADMAP B2+
B2+ STUDEN
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WORKBOOK
BOOK and T’S

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eBook
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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
B2+ 90
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B2+
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
B2+
Bygrave •
CEFR
<A1 OK
WORKBO A1 A2 A2+
B1
B2+
B1+ B2
io B2+ C1
online aud C2
with key and
Dellar • Walk
C2 wick
C1 Lindsay War
A1 A2 A2+
B1 B1+ B2 B2+
STUDENT’
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english.com/gs
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Warwick
Jonathan
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Andrew Wa
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14:42
27/01/2020
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B2+
TEACHER’S BOOK
and Teacher’s Portal Access Code
Damian Williams, Clementine Annabell
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COURSE COMPONENTS
FOR LEARNERS
STUDENT’S BOOK AND EBOOK WITH
MOBILE APP
Ten units with three main input lessons linked to three
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Develop your skills lessons at the back of the book.

Each lesson includes grammar/language focus, vocabulary and 1A Grammar 9
1A | Give it a go
Rewrite the sentences using What or The thing and
Give it a go
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the words in brackets.

7a 1.2 Read the pairs of sentences. Then listen and
1 I go to a choir. It’s great. I especially like meeting new
complete the second sentences.
people. (most).
1 a I’ve found it’s just a great way to get rid of all those
pronunciation and leads to a final speaking task based on

The thing (that) I like most about going to the choir is
frustrations from work. meeting new people.
A b I’ve found it’s just a great way to get 2 Making a cake without eggs just doesn’t make any
rid of all those frustrations from work.
Goal: persuade people to try different activities sense to me. (don’t understand)
2 a The pain put me off! 3 Everyone was much better than me, which made the
Global Scale of English learning objectives. Grammar: cleft sentences

Vocabulary: free-time activities
b put me off the pain!
3 a The way they make it relevant to now is great.
b the way they make it relevant to now.
class difficult. (found difficult)
4 I love hiking because you’re out in the countryside all
day. (being)
4 a I love how friendly people are. 5 I wasn’t really progressing, which was frustrating. (the
Vocabulary
Key language presented and cross-referenced to a
b I love how friendly people are. fact that)
1 a Work in pairs. Look at free-time activities 1–8 and 5 a No one in this class takes it too seriously, which 6 I’d really like to learn how to fly, but the cost is a bit
check you understand the words in bold. Which is great. off-putting. (puts me off)
activities can you see in photos A–E? b this class no one takes it too 10 a Write true sentences about your free time using
B C
1 do crosswords or other puzzles seriously.
Language bank at the back of the book.

these sentence starters.
2 do gardening, dressmaking or another creative pastime b Work in pairs. Look again at the pairs of sentences in 1 What I most love to do at the weekend …
3 do a martial art like judo or karate Exercise 7a. Why might a speaker use the structure in 2 The thing I love most about …
4 do keep-fit activities like yoga or running the second sentence rather than the first? 3 What I find difficult …
5 go camping and hiking or do another outdoor pursuit c Complete the examples in the grammar box with one 4 What was great about …
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A Vocabulary bank extends some of the key lexical sets in 6 do online gaming or play other computer games
7 see the latest blockbuster
8 sing in a choir or do some other kind of performing
word in each gap.
Cleft sentences
Speakers often use the following sentence patterns
5 The only thing I didn’t like about …
6 What I’d like to do …
7 What puts me off … -ing is …
b Look at 1–8 again in Exercise 1a and discuss: b Work in pairs. Compare your sentences and explain
each unit and focuses on important areas such as word-building

to draw attention to something they feel strongly
• which are easy or difficult to learn. about: your ideas.
• what the positive or negative aspects of doing each one 1 I’ve found 2 it’s a great way to let off Go to page 136 or your app for more information and practice.
might be. steam.
• if people you know do any of them. The 3 that is great (about it) is the way
Speaking
and collocation.
2 a Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box. D E they make it relevant to now.
The other thing (that) I love (about it) is how
fancied taking up grow on me hopeless at 3 Discuss the questions. friendly people are. PREPARE
the hype let off steam nothing beats switch off 1 Have you ever started an activity and found you either One thing (that) I don’t understand (about it) is
take to it very encouraging 11
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really took to it or were hopeless at it? What? Why? how anyone gets enjoyment from it. Work in pairs. Choose two activities in Exercise 1a or
think of other things you do. Think of ways you might
An English in action lesson in each odd unit covers key

1 I tried it, but I didn’t really . It was a bit 2 What activities have had a lot of hype around them We can use the same patterns to talk about feelings
we had in the past. persuade someone to take up these activities.
too slow for me. I prefer something more energetic. recently? Do you think the hype is justified?
4 put me off 5 the pain.
2 I didn’t like it to begin with, but then it started to 3 Is there an activity you’ve always fancied taking up?
SPEAK
and I’m completely addicted now. Why haven’t you done it yet? What I found interesting was the variety of people
who work there.
4 What do you find are the best ways to let off steam or 12
functional language.
3 I’m a bit put off by all around it. I just Work with a new partner. Take turns to be Student A
switch off from work? What I loved was the 6 that no one took it too
know it can’t be that good and I’ll be disappointed by it. or B. Use the Useful phrases to help you.
seriously.
4 I gave it a go, but the teacher wasn’t , so Go to your app for more practice. Student A: You want Student B to do one of the activities
I felt a bit useless and, since everyone else took it rather you thought of in Exercise 11. Ask them if they fancy
seriously, I stopped going. doing the activity and persuade them why they should.
Listening 8a 1.3 Listen to the sentences and notice the
Check and reflect pages at the end of each even unit show
5 I’m that kind of thing. I don’t have the Student B: You aren’t sure you want to try the activity
emphasis on the underlined sounds. When said at
patience, the imagination or the skill! 4 1.1 Listen to four conversations. Find out: suggested by Student A. Give reasons.
normal speed, the other words around them may be
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6 I love it – the feeling when you do it well 1 what free-time activities the people talk about.
less clear. Useful phrases
and you get a great reaction from the audience. 2 if both speakers enjoy doing each activity.
1 What I like about it is the fact I can just completely
7 I’ve always some kind of martial art. I’ve Do you fancy … -ing tonight?
learners how their confidence and mastery of spoken language

5 In which conversation (1, 2, 3 or 4) is a speaker: switch off.
just never got around to doing it. Have you ever thought of taking up …?
a concerned about comfort? 2 The thing I love about it is the way the teacher
8 It’s a great way to and get rid of all the You should give it a go.
b concerned about what others might think? organises the class.
frustrations from the day. I’ve also made friends from all What’s great about it is …
c not into a particular kind of TV programme? 3 What’s bad about it is the amount of time you spend
over the world doing it. What puts me off is …
waiting around.
has improved.
d persuaded to change their mind?
9 It keeps you fit. You’re surrounded by nature and I find I
e addicted to something? 4 The only thing I didn’t like so much was the venue.
can just and forget all the stresses of life.
f talking about letting off steam? 5 What I find fun is learning something new every time.
b Work in pairs. Which activities from Exercise 1a might Develop
6 Have you ever persuaded anyone or been persuaded b Listen again and repeat. your
each person in Exercise 2a be talking about?
to do something you weren’t sure about? How did it writing
Light-hearted video clips and worksheets (available online)

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turn out?
page 116
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extend and consolidate key language covered in the unit.

Extra grammar/language focus and vocabulary exercises,
available on the mobile app (the Pearson Practice English app),
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consolidate language points covered in the Student’s Book.

Develop your skills lessons at the back of the book expose
learners to different genres and give them strategies for
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developing skills.
Audio/video scripts and word lists available online.
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STUDENT’S BOOK AND EBOOK WITH ONLINE

PRACTICE AND MOBILE APP
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Provides online practice for students, class management for

teachers and a gradebook to review performance.
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Includes all the Student’s Book material plus a digital version

of the exercises and activities from the Workbook and Tests.
Includes tools for managing and assigning self-study and
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practice activities to students, with automatic marking to

save time.
Includes a gradebook for reviewing performance of individual
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students and classes.
WORKBOOK WITH KEY AND ONLINE AUDIO

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Ten units provide additional practice of material covered in the

Student’s Book.
Additional grammar/language focus, vocabulary and functional
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language practice activities.

Additional reading, writing and listening practice activities.
Answer key at the back of the book allows learners to check
their answers.
Audio available online.
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FOR TEACHERS
TEACHER’S BOOK 3 Give Ss a few minutes to read the questions and think about B: You’ve never fancied doing something like that yourself?
Unit 1
their answers. When they are ready, put Ss in pairs to discuss A: I did actually go to a judo class for a bit when I was at uni, but I didn’t
1A Give it a go take to it.
1
the questions. Monitor and help if necessary, writing any new
OVERVIEW vocabulary on the board. When they have finished, ask a few pairs
to share their ideas with the class and find out if others agree.
B: No?
A: No. I think what put me off was the pain! Every time I went, I seemed
to hurt myself.
Introduction Conversation 2
The Teacher’s Book features a host of support materials to help 1A Give it a go

Goal | persuade people to try different activities
The goal of this lesson is for students to persuade people to try
different activities. To help them achieve this, they will learn or
revise cleft sentences and vocabulary related to free-time activities.
Teaching tip
Before a speaking activity, it’s a good idea to give Ss some
individual preparation time. This could be silent thinking time
or you could ask them to make notes. This will ensure they
C: Do you like House of Gorgon?
D: I watched the first couple of episodes in the first series, but it wasn’t
really my kind of thing.
C: Yeah, I know what you mean. It does take a few episodes to get
going, but it really grows on you. I’ve been watching it non-stop the
have something to say and feel more confident and prepared
teachers get the most out of the course.

Grammar | cleft sentences Warm up last few weeks. I watched six episodes on Saturday!
Vocabulary | free-time activities when they come to speak. For group or whole-class speaking D: Yeah? It’s just all that fantasy stuff doesn’t really appeal to me.
Before class, prepare three sentences about what you like doing activities, Ss can prepare and share ideas in pairs beforehand.
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GSE learning objective C: Oh, fair enough, but what’s great about it is the way they make it
Can use persuasive language to suggest that parties in
in your free time: two true sentences and one false. Write them relevant to now.
disagreement shift towards a new position on the board and encourage Ss to ask you questions to help them D: Really?
Further practice
decide which is false (e.g. How often do you do X? Who do you do C: Yeah. It’s essentially about the current political situation – just with
● Teacher’s notes for every unit with warmers, fillers, alternative

1B Kind acts it with? etc.) Once they’ve guessed which sentence is false, ask Ss Photocopiable activities: 1A Vocabulary, p155 wizards! You should give it another go. I know there’s a lot of hype
Goal | narrate a short story in detail to prepare three sentences of their own in the same way, without App: 1A Vocabulary practice 1 and 2 around it, but it’s just very entertaining.
Grammar | narrative tenses D: Sorry, but it’s really not for me.
showing them to anyone. Monitor and help if necessary, writing
Vocabulary | helping people C: Oh well. Your loss!
new vocabulary on the board. Put Ss in pairs or small groups to
GSE learning objective show each other their sentences and ask questions to help decide Listening Conversation 3
suggestions, advice on dealing with tricky language items, Can narrate a story in detail, giving relevant information about E: What are you doing at the weekend?
which is false. When they have finished, ask a few Ss to share 4 1.1 Explain that Ss are going to listen to four conversations F: We’re going camping.
feelings and reactions
anything interesting they found out with the class.
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in which people talk about free-time activities. Read through E: OK. Do you do that a lot?
1C How annoying! sentences 1 and 2 with the class so Ss know what to listen for. Play F: Yeah. Whenever I can.
Goal | talk about annoying incidents E: Really?
Vocabulary the recording for Ss to listen and make notes, then compare ideas
F: Yeah. Why? Are you not a fan?
Language focus | exaggeration
culture notes etc.

in pairs. Play the recording again if necessary, then check answers E: No. I like hiking, but what I don’t understand is how anyone gets
Vocabulary | at work Free-time activities
with the class. enjoyment from sleeping uncomfortably in a field.
GSE learning objective 1a Give pairs a few minutes to read the items 1–8 and check
F: It’s just being close to nature that I love. Honestly, nothing beats
Can use hyperbole to emphasise a point (e.g. It’s going to take understanding of the words in bold. Encourage Ss to use Answers: waking up and stepping out of your tent into that fresh morning air,
me years to do this.) dictionaries or mobile devices to check vocabulary they’re unsure with the mountains right there.
Conversation 1
of, monitoring and helping if necessary. Then focus attention on E: Can’t you get that from a hotel balcony?
● Teaching tips on useful areas such as dealing with mixed

1D English in action 1 TV, films, reading and martial arts, mostly karate, also judo
the photos and elicit which of the activities are shown. F: No! It’s not the same! You don’t have that smell of the damp grass.
Goal | negotiate solutions to disputes 2 One speaker has started doing karate and really enjoys it.
E: Exactly – damp, cold, miserable.
Vocabulary | fights and disputes It helps him to keep fit, he learns a bit of self-defence and F: No! It’s nice. And the other thing I love is how friendly people are.
Answers: A outdoor pursuit B martial art C crossword
GSE learning objective he likes the shouting. It’s a good way to get rid of stress and Campers are just very nice people!
D creative pastime E performing
Can negotiate a solution to a dispute (e.g. an undeserved traffic frustrations from work. The other speaker tried judo once E: If you say so, but I’m not convinced.
abilities, teaching grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation.

ticket, blame for an accident) but didn’t take to it. Conversation 4
b Ask pairs to discuss the points in the list. When they have
Conversation 2 G: Are you up to anything later? Do you fancy going out?
Roadmap video finished, ask a few pairs to share their ideas with the class.
1 watching a TV series called House of Gorgon H: Yeah, no. I can’t tonight. I’ve got my tango class.
Go online for the Roadmap video and worksheet. 2a Elicit the first answer as an example, then ask Ss to complete 2 One speaker loves it and thinks it’s relevant to the current G: I didn’t know you did that. Are you any good?
the sentences alone. With weaker classes, you could go through H: No. I’m hopeless, but I enjoy it. Why don’t you come?
political situation. The other watched a couple of episodes
VOCABULARY BANK the meanings of the phrases in the box first. Ask Ss to check G: Oh gosh! No!
● Grammar, vocabulary and language focus photocopiable

and didn’t like it. She’s not into fantasy stuff.
answers in pairs, then check answers with the class. H: Why not?
1B Help and encouragement Conversation 3 G: I’d feel uncomfortable. I’m OK if I’m dancing on my own – but actually
1 going camping coordinating with anyone else …
1C Word building: negatives Answers: 1 take to it 2 grow on me 3 the hype 2 One speaker loves it – the fresh air, being close to nature. H: Oh, don’t worry! What’s great about this class is the fact that no one
4 very encouraging 5 hopeless at 6 nothing beats The other doesn’t understand why anyone would choose to takes it too seriously.
DEVELOP YOUR SKILLS
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7 fancied taking up 8 let off steam 9 switch off
worksheets for every unit, including accompanying teacher’s

suffer the discomfort! G: I don’t know.
H: Honestly, I’ve got two left feet, but no one’s bothered.
Conversation 4
1A Develop your writing Optional extra activity G: Really?
1 a dance class – tango H: Yeah. It’s a lot of fun and the teacher’s really encouraging. Come on.
Goal | write a report
Ask Ss to choose three phrases from the box in Ex 2a, then think 2 One is enjoying it, even though they’re hopeless at it. You’ll enjoy it.
Focus | changing the register of spoken information
of one thing which is true for them that relates to each phrase, The other thinks they’d feel uncomfortable and is a terrible G: Well, maybe then. What time does it start?
notes and answer keys.

GSE learning objective
Can write essays and reports synthesising information from a e.g. I’m hopeless at it – tennis; nothing beats this – a bath after dancer, but is tempted!
number of sources a long day. When they are ready, put Ss in pairs to say the things 5 Focus attention on the first sentence and ask: Which
they thought of for their partner to guess which phrase each one Audioscript 1.1 conversation is this from? Elicit Ss’ ideas but don’t give any
1B Develop your listening
relates to. Pairs then ask questions to find out more information. Conversation 1 answers yet. Give Ss a minute to read the sentences, then
Goal | understand informal discussions
When they have finished, ask a few Ss to share anything A: So what do you do when you’re not working? play the recording again for Ss to match the sentences to the
● Class audio scripts and answer keys.

Focus | identifying rhetorical questions
interesting they found out about their partner with the class. B: Not that much, to be honest. The usual – TV, films, I read a bit, conversations, then check in pairs. With weaker classes, play the
GSE learning objective though not as much as I should, I guess. Oh, and I recently started
Can differentiate between rhetorical and genuine questions in recording again if necessary, then check answers with the class.
b Remind Ss of the activities in Ex 1a, then put them in pairs to going to a karate class a couple of times a week.
informal discussion A: Really? Is that just to keep fit or so you can defend yourself or what?
e
discuss the question. When they have finished, elicit ideas from a Answers: a 3 b 4 c 2 d 4 e 2 f 1
B: Oh, it’s definitely more to keep fit than for self-defence, but what’s
1C Develop your reading few pairs and find out if others agree. good about it is it’s more than just keep fit, you know.
● Photocopiable worksheets for each Student’s Book unit

Goal | understand newspaper and magazine articles
A: Sure.
Focus | recognising similarities and differences between Suggested answers: B: And I have to say, I really, really love the shouting!
opinions 1 yoga 2 online gaming 3 a blockbuster 4 a keep-fit activity A: Yeah? You don’t seem a very shouty kind of person!
GSE learning objective 5 dress making, doing puzzles 6 singing in a choir/performing B: I’m not. But what I’ve found is it’s just a great way to get rid of all
Can understand differences and similarities between points of those frustrations from work.
7 martial arts/judo/karate 8 martial arts, yoga
accompanied by teaching notes and answer key.

view in extended texts A: Yeah, I can see how that would work.
9 hiking/other outdoor pursuit
24 25
M
TEACHER’S PORTAL 2A Vocabulary Injuries and illnesses

3C Language focus 2 even
and hardly
✁
at
START
Additional resources can be accessed on the Pearson English 1 2 3 4
1 2
Portal using the access code in the Teacher’s Book. public

transport travel
3
snacks
4
thunderstorms
5
driving
6
sports
● Class audio.
7
er
● Video and video worksheets. habits
● Audio and video scripts.

5 6 7 8 You will
need a 8
donor.
Ouch! online
gaming
● Word lists. 14 13 12 11 10
blockbusters workplace 9
ia
irritations technology mentoring abandoned

● Student’s Book answer key. buildings eating out
15
● Assessment package with a range of tests including unit tests

try something
new for the
first time
a b
(grammar, vocabulary and functional language), achievement bashed / black and blue irritated / itchy 16
l©
shopping
c d
and mid and end of course tests (grammar, vocabulary, strained / out of action / limp
spinal /
severely restricted mobility
17 18 19
functional language and skills), with accompanying audio.

e f 20 21
developed arthritis / teamwork
bumped / out cold photos glorious
swollen joints music
pastimes
weather FINISH
● Workbook audio.
g h
kidney failure / an organ donor / came down with a stomach bug /
transplant vomit
178
PHOTOCOPIABLE © Pearson
164 PHOTOCOPIABLE © Pearson Education Limited 2020 Education Limited 2020
Z02_Roadmap_TB_B2P_28563.ind
d 26
P
VIDEO
ea
● Ten videos – one for each unit – designed to consolidate key

language and illustrate some of the quirkier aspects of real life.
● Each video features a roving reporter who goes out on location
rs
to visit interesting places, meet interesting people and/or try

new experiences.
● Video clips are 2–3 minutes in length and are designed to
on
entertain learners and provide a bit of light relief.

● Video worksheets (to exploit the language in the videos) are
available online.
20
PRESENTATION TOOL
● Interactive version of the Student’s Book with integrated
23
audio and video is available on the Pearson English Portal.

● Planning mode (includes teacher’s notes) and teaching mode.
● Easy navigation via book page and lesson flow.
● Answers to exercises at the touch of a button.
● Integrated audio.
● Integrated video, with timed-coded video scripts.
● A host of useful classroom tools.
11
STUDENT’S BOOK AND EBOOK
The Student’s Book has ten units featuring three double-page main
lessons containing approximately 90 minutes of teaching material. Each
ROADMAP B2+ STUD

lesson features grammar/language focus, vocabulary and pronunciation
activities which lead up to a final speaking task. Each lesson links to a
Develop your skills lesson and other material at the back of the book
including a Language bank, Vocabulary bank and Communication bank.
S
ENT’S BOOK and eBoo

1 Clearly defined Global Scale of English objectives at the start of
am
each lesson.
2 Different topics for each lesson to maintain interest and motivation.
k
3 Striking images provoke interest in the topic and provide a vehicle
for teaching vocabulary.
4 Key vocabulary is presented in context and practised through
pl
personalised activities.
5 Short reading and/or listening texts featuring real-life information
e
are used to present grammar and/or vocabulary.

6 Grammar rules are clearly highlighted and target language practised
through form-based and communicative practice activities.
M
7 Pronunciation is highlighted and practised in each lesson.

8 Additional practice is provided on the mobile app and in the
at
Language bank at the back of the book. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

B2+
9 Carefully staged speaking tasks with ‘models’ and time to prepare
build learners’ confidence.
er
Bygrave • Dellar •
10 Relevant, meaningful tasks engage learners and prepare them for

real life.
CEFR <A1 A1 A2 A2+ B1 B1+ B2 B2+ C1 C2
STUDENT’S BOOK and

B2+
11 Each odd unit ends with English in action pages that focus on eBook
Jonathan Bygrave,
W
ia
Hugh Dellar and Andr

ew Walkley
functional language.
12 Each even unit ends with a Check and reflect pages that
consolidates key grammar and vocabulary.
l©
2 3
5B 7
5B | In the wild
8a 5.8 Listen to six sentences from Exercises 7a and
In the wild the grammar box. Notice how the two clauses in each
sentence are said as separate chunks.
P
b Listen again and repeat.

9 Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in
brackets into the correct form.
Goal: talk about ways to attract more investment 1 2000 metres above sea level, the hotel offers
ea
great views across the channel. (locate)

1 to or protect a place you know
2 the ridge, we had to stop to let a herd of
Grammar: participle clauses mountain goats pass us. (climb)
3 the valley many times before, I was already
Vocabulary: geographical features
A B C familiar with the landscape. (visit)
4 in such a mountainous area, I’m used to the
4 Vocabulary 5 Reading 6 Grammar

5
weather changing at a moment’s notice. (live)
in 1846, the cottage is only a three-mile walk
rs
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photos of travel 4 Work in pairs. Read the title of the article. Discuss 7 a Choose the correct alternatives.
from a spectacular waterfall. (build)
destinations and discuss the questions. what you think it might be about. Read and check. a Most mornings, I'll walk along the shoreline with my dog,
6 to reduce development along the coast, the law
1 Would you like to visit any of the places? Why/Why not? 5 Read the article again and answer the questions. looking/looked out across the water.
has helped protect the remaining dunes. (introduce)
2 Are there similar places in your country? Where? 1 What was the initial research carried out? b Hiding/Hidden away in its own little valley, it’s about a
7 across the water to the mainland, I collapsed
3 What’s good about a National Park? Are there any 2 How does the writer feel about the findings? thousand metres above sea level.
onto the beach, exhausted. (struggle)
problems with them? Why? 3 What reasons are put forward to explain the findings? c Analysing/Having analysed the data, they published
their rather shocking findings in the journal Science. 10 Using participle clauses, write three sentences about
2 a Which of the things in the box might you find in the
on
4 Why are parents and grandparents mentioned? the places you described in Exercise 3 and what you
places in the photos? 5 What’s the significance of the hashtag #PokeBlitz? b Work in pairs and discuss the questions about the
did there. Share your sentences with a partner.
underlined clauses in Exercise 7a. Then read the
a glacier a marine reserve a marsh a ridge
a rocky shoreline sand dunes a valley a waterfall Lost words lead to lost world
grammar box and check your ideas.
1 Are the underlined clauses the main clauses in the
8 Go to page 144 or your app for more information and practice.
How good are young people at recognising and naming plants and
b Complete the descriptions of two different places animals? Wanting to find out the answers to this question, researchers
sentences, or do they add extra information? Speaking
using the words in the boxes. showed hundreds of primary school children cards depicting common 2 Which clause has a passive meaning? How do you know?
channel dunes mainland sandy shoreline

species of wildlife, and another set featuring Pokémon characters.
Having analysed the data, they published their rather shocking findings
3 Which clauses have an active meaning? Why do they
have different structures?
9 PREPARE
in the journal Science. It turned out that the kids knew far more names 11 5.9 Listen to two people describing natural places
for the characters in the game than they did for things in the natural Participle clauses they know. Answer the questions for each speaker.
I love my little island and I can’t imagine
20
world around them. a What do you learn about the places they describe?
not living by the sea. Most mornings, I Clauses starting with a participle (-ing or -ed form
In many ways, of course, this should not surprise us, given the major of verb) are most commonly found in writing, b Do they want more tourists or greater protection? Why?
walk along the 1 with my dog, changes there have been to the way childhood is experienced. The
looking out across the water. We have especially in stories. The participle clause can have
area within which children are allowed to play without supervision from 12 Think of a place you know that either needs more
the same meaning as one starting with when,
a lovely 2 beach and behind parents has shrunk by more than 90% since the 1970s. visitors/investment or greater protection. Decide:
while, because or as.
that are the 3 , where you’re a At the same time, online culture has boomed. There’s more traffic on • what there is to see and do there.
The subject of the participle clause is the same as
bit more out of the wind. If I do need to the roads, school has become more pressurised, parents are more • what words you could use to describe its appeal.
the subject in the main clause of the sentence.
visit the 4 , which is maybe eight or nine miles away, worried and green space is less available. Taken together, all these • three different ways you could either encourage visitors
Because we spend less time outside than we used
there’s a ferry that runs every other day. During the winter, factors mean that not only young people but also their parents often see or increase protection.
to, we lack words to describe the natural world.
23
though, it can get quite wild out in the 5 . nature as something to watch, to consume … and to ignore. Spending
far less time outside than our grandparents did, we now lack the words Spending less time outside than we used to,
to describe that natural world and this, in turn, may mean we have less
desire to protect and preserve our valleys, hillsides and shorelines.
we lack words to describe the natural world. 10 SPEAK
mountainous pass ridge sea level valley Participle clauses with a present participle (–ing
form of the verb) have an active meaning. 13 a Work in pairs. Explain your ideas to each other. Use
However, technology doesn't have to be the enemy of nature. Some
the Useful phrases to help you.
members of the conservation movement are seeing opportunities in the When we neared the top of the mountain, we came
We sometimes spend the summer in rise in popularity of geocaching – games which use the GPS software to a glacier.
my uncle’s place up in the highlands, on our phones to hide and find ‘treasure’, which get people outdoors. Useful phrases
Nearing the top of the mountain, we came to a glacier.
which is quite a 6 area. Hidden One notable example of such games is Pokémon Go, an augmented One of the most … things about the area is …
Participle clauses with a past participle (-ed form) have a
away in its own little 7 , the reality version of the original game. In this version, players go out and What makes it really unique is …
passive meaning.
house is about a thousand metres 'catch' characters ‘hidden’ in real world places, and, in the process, I think the best way to … would be to …
may encounter real creatures they’re not familiar with. Indeed, images Because the group was based in a mountainous region, it
above 8 and to get there, you operated very independently. I can’t decide if it’d be better to … or …
of these real creatures are often shared – and identified – using the
have to drive over this steep mountain Based in a mountainous region, the group operated Another way to … would be …
hashtag #PokeBlitz.
9 . We relax in the garden, go swimming in the river, or
The game's popularity suggests we need to do more to inspire interest very independently.
climb up the mountainside behind the house and walk along We use participle clauses with perfect participles b Decide which is the best proposal.
in the natural world. If its user-friendly, hi-tech approach could be used
the 10 that overlooks the valley. to encourage greater interaction with nature, kids may yet learn to see (having + past participle) to emphasise that one action
the world with fresh eyes. happened before another.
3 Work in pairs. Use words and phrases from Exercise 2 As I had climbed the ridge before, I was feeling confident. Develop
to describe two places you have visited. Or use the Having climbed the ridge before, I was feeling
6 Work in groups. Tell each other about the following: your
photos on page 167 to imagine a visit. confident.
• how good you are at recognising and naming wildlife writing
Go to your app for more practice. • whether you share the writer’s optimism about
page 124
Pokémon Go
40 41
12
11
3D English in action 8 a Think about the presentation you heard in Exercise 5
and write:
• a comment describing how you feel about the
arguments discussed.
• ways the speaker kept the listeners’ attention.
• two questions you would like to ask the presenter
about the topic.
Goal: give a short, clearly structured presentation
b Compare your ideas with the class. Find out who
S
Vocabulary: gender stereotypes agrees with you and if anyone has answers to
A C
your questions.
Vocabulary and listening 1 9 a Read the information box. Then prepare the short
section from the presentation below.
1 a Work in pairs. Look at the photos and discuss the
am
questions. When preparing a short presentation, think about the

1 What’s happening in the photos? following:
2 How do you feel about these images? • where you will pause – mark the pauses with a /
3 How might they be connected to ideas about gender • which word(s) you will emphasise in each section
equality? between pauses – underline the word(s)
4 How might kids’ games influence their adult lives? • how you can vary the pace of what you say – write
‘fast’ or ‘slow’ over the section
b Do you generally associate any of the words and
• if you will vary the tone of what you say – draw an
phrases in the box with either men or women? Why?
arrow up or down at the end of the section
engineering talking about your feelings
pl
the caring professions expressing anger strength

OK. So, that’s the outline. Now, turning to my own
cars and robots self-esteem inequality
thoughts, I found the programme really fascinating.
2 You're going to hear the start of a
3.15 It made me think a lot about my own education and
presentation. Listen and find out: upbringing. Overall, I suppose the programme was
1 the key question the speaker begins with. more focused on boosting girls’ self-esteem, because
it’s women who suffer inequality later in life, but what
2 the main topic of the presentation.
e
I liked most was that the experiment also benefited

3 how the presentation is going to be structured. B D boys. I’ve since seen one of the mothers being
3 Look at the Useful phrases 1 box. Can you remember interviewed and she commented on how her son was
which of the phrases the speaker uses? Listen again 4 a Work in pairs. Choose one of the topics for 7 Read the Useful phrases 2 box. Which of the different better behaved and nicer to his sister as a result of the
and check. a presentation. Decide the structure of the kinds of signposting did the speaker in Exercise 6a changes at school.
presentation, then write the introduction using use? Listen again and check.
Useful phrases 1 phrases from the Useful phrases 1 box. b Work in pairs and take turns to read out the section.
M
In the introduction to a presentation, we generally • an annoying issue at work or college Useful phrases 2 Can you suggest any ways your partner might
refer to why we are talking about the subject (or • a remarkable recovery We use signposting to guide listeners through improve their delivery?
why the subject is important). Then we often • a non-profit organisation presentations and tell them what has just
explain the structure of the talk and what we will • what to do with an abandoned building in your area happened and what is going to happen next. Speaking
do in each part. • a court case When starting a new section of your 10 a Plan a short presentation on one of the topics
Explaining the structure • women and sport presentation, you can signpost it by doing one of
in Exercise 4a or one of the topics below. Think
at
• your own idea the following:

I’m going to talk to you about … about how you will explain the structure and use
What I’ll do first is … b Read out your introduction to other students. Asking a question based on the structure in signposting.
After that, I’ll … the introduction • a documentary series you’ve watched
I’ll then go on to … Listening 2 So, what exactly is the article about? • a documentary film or programme
To conclude, I’ll … So, what did I think of the ideas that were • a lecture or presentation you’ve watched online
5 Work in pairs. Before you listen to the rest of the
discussed?
… before finally … -ing • a presentation you’ve seen at a conference or at
presentation discuss these questions.
Explicitly stating that you’re starting or university
er
Outlining what will happen 1 Do you think there are differences in behaviour or likes
ending a section • a non-fiction book you’ve read
… give you a brief outline/overview of … and dislikes between seven-year-old boys and girls?
OK, that’s the outline. Turning now to … • a research-based article in a journal
… provide some background/context What? Why?
There is more I could say about … but I am going b Work in pairs. Take turns to give your presentations
… explain the reasons for this problem 2 What about between older boys and girls or adult men
to leave it there and talk about … and ask questions.
… put forward some solutions/suggestions and women?
OK. So, moving on from … let’s now look at …
… give some of my own thoughts (on) … 3 Do you think differences are natural or more cultural? For more practice go to your Workbook or app.
… examine the pros and cons of … Introducing the discussion or conclusion
6a 3.16 Now listen to the rest of the presentation
ia
… summarise what I have covered. So now, if I could sum up …

and take notes about the questions in Exercise 5.
… open up the floor for discussion. To conclude, I think we could say that …
b Work in pairs and compare your notes. I’d like to open it up now for discussion. Go online for the
Does anyone have any comments or questions? Roadmap video.
28 29
l©
12
Check and reflect: Units 3 and 4 7 Complete the sentences with the correct relative
pronouns. Sometimes no pronoun is needed.
11 a Complete the sentences with the pairs of words in
the box. You will need to decide which order to use
P
1 I work with twenty people, none of have health the words in.
1 a Complete the sentences with the adjectives in 4 Choose the correct alternatives. insurance.
the box. emphasis/rebelled influential/equals
1 I’d advise you don’t stay/not staying/not to stay there if 2 What was the hospital you had your operation invaluable/gratitude pointless/meaningful
at all possible. in? stand out/impacted
bitter chilly crisp glorious humid
2 I really would recommend talking/to talk/you to talk to
ea
miserable soaked 3 The main reason I stopped eating meat is

a lawyer about it. 1 My work experience was . I owe everyone there
because I don’t like the taste.
1 It started pouring down and we got absolutely . a debt of .
3 At least they’ve admitted that they made/to make/ 4 It’s an area the disease is not uncommon, so be
2 The sun was out and it was a clear, winter make a mistake. 2 My English teacher was very in my life. She
careful!
morning. always treated us all as .
4 We want to assure you for doing/to do/that we’re 5 She’s the kind of person relaxes you when you
3 They’d been predicting rain, but it was absolutely doing all we can to catch those responsible. 3 My family placed a lot of on discipline and I
enter the room.
the whole time we were there. against that.
5 The government promised increase/to increase/ 6 I read about a girl arm won’t stop growing!
4 You might want to take a coat. It’s a bit out increasing spending, but little has changed. 4 I want to do something with my life. I don’t
7 What’s the name of that dentist’s you had your
there. want to get stuck in a job.
6 They’ve apologised posting/for posting/for to post teeth done?
rs
5 It gets very hot and in the summer, so you may rude comments on their social media sites. 5 Punk on me a lot. It made me want to
8 a Complete the definitions with one word. The first from the crowd.
want to visit later in the year.
5 a Rewrite the parts of the sentences in italics letter is given.
6 Make sure you wrap up warm. It’s absolutely using hardly. b Work in pairs. How many sentences are true for you?
1 If you are p in part of your body, you can't move
out there today!
1 We should have got better tickets. I couldn’t see very that part. 12 Complete the sentences with the words in the box
7 It was cold and wet, just the whole time we much from where we were sitting. and the correct prepositions.
2 If someone is in a bad w , they’re sick, unhappy,
were there.
2 She broke her leg last year and she hasn’t played much or in a serious condition.
on
b Use three of the adjectives in Exercise 1a to describe accident benefit capable debt useless
since then. 3 If you act on your own i , you are good at
weather you’ve had recently. 3 Almost none of the runners who started the race making independent decisions. 1 I’ve always been remembering names.
2 Complete the sentences using the verbs and actually managed to finish. 4 If you’re a bit i , you’re not confident about 2 You’re quite making your own decisions.
structures in brackets. 4 I used to go skiing all the time, but nowadays I don’t go yourself and unsure of your abilities. 3 I discovered her shop and fell in love with it.
1 Apparently, this Friday the hottest April day very often. 5 If someone is on the b , they are quick to 4 I was lucky enough to a free education.
ever. (predicted / be) 5 I had a really good workout, but the next day I couldn’t understand things. 5 After university, most people end up seriously .
2 According to the forecast, it a bit over the even walk properly! 6 If someone has a s mind, they’re intelligent and
13 Put the words in italics in the correct order to
weekend. (going to / brighten up) b Complete the sentences by adding even in the notice things quickly.
complete the sentences/questions.
3 I in May, and was wondering what the best gap. b Choose three words to describe people you know. 1 What I some / context / first / is / will / do /
weather’s like then. (future continuous / visit) 1 It was so cold out there that I couldn’t
20
9 Add the words in the box to the groups they go with. provide
4 I’ve been looking at the forecast and it fine and feel my hands.
2 After that, I problem / reasons / explain / will / for / the
dry when we arrive. (expected / be) 2 It was embarrassing because my little checked dyed faded loud ripped / this
5 We a barbecue tomorrow, but they said there brother finished before I did.
1 hair/T-shirt 3 I will then solutions / go / forward / some / to / on / put
might be a storm. (supposed to / have) 3 That wasn’t a foul. I didn’t touch him
2 jeans/the sleeve on my jacket 4 So what article / about / is / exactly / the / ?
6 It’s going to be nice until Friday and then it over !
the weekend. (set / change) 3 jeans/colour 5 I’d like discussion / open / up / for / it / to
4 She was great last year, but I think she’s
7 We to rent a little cottage up in the mountains playing better this year. 4 colours/pattern
for a few weeks. (present continuous / hope) 5 shirt/suit Reflect
5 I was so excited when I got the tickets, I didn’t
23
How confident do you feel about the statements

3 a Match the sentence halves. care how much they’d cost! 10 Complete the sentences with the past participle or
below? Write 1–5 (1 = not very confident, 5 = very
1 After a long legal battle, the judge awarded 6 a Complete the sentences with the best word or -ing form of the verbs in the box.
confident).
2 They’re promising to crack down on phrase. The first letter is given. • I can talk about the weather and plan activities.
make rip sell tie wear
3 It’s claimed that the new laws will dramatically restrict 1 The club have just signed a major s deal with a • I can discuss legal cases and consequences.
4 His lawyer persuaded him to plead big oil company. 1 He was wearing a long white coat up with a • I can talk about sports events and news stories.
5 They’ve been accused of breaking 2 She was d from the competition after failing a belt. • I can give a short presentation.
6 She denied drug test. 2 She was wearing old blue jeans at the knees. • I can talk about a range of different people.
3 They had almost 80 percent p in the game, but 3 Who’s the guy over there the purple suit? • I can answer questions about clothes and fashion.
7 They somehow managed to get him to testify
they somehow still lost 1–0. 4 He was wearing a 'Make our country great' cap • I can discuss things that have influenced me.
a the terms of the agreement.
4 The club have been accused of paying b to in China.
b petty crime. For more practice go to your Workbook or app.
referees. 5 I saw the same coat for over £500 online the
c all the charges.
5 He was sent off for t b to the referee. other day.
d custody of the children to the mother.
6 I can’t believe they gave a penalty for that. Everyone
e for the prosecution.
could see she d !
f guilty to all charges.
7 They were neck and neck as they started the final
g people’s rights. l , so it was a really exciting finish.
b Work in pairs. Discuss why four of the things in 8 You deserved to win. You played some amazing Go online for the
Exercise 3a might happen.
Roadmap video.
s in the final set.
b Tell a partner about sports and news stories using
three of the words or phrases.
36 37
13
STUDENT’S BOOK AND EBOOK
The Student’s Book also features Develop your skills lessons at

the back of the book. These lessons are based on GSE learning
1
objectives and are thematically linked to the main lessons. They focus 9A Develop your listeni
ng
on developing specific strategies for improving reading, writing and
Goal: understand panel
listening and expose learners to a wide variety of different text types/ interviews 4 Look at the short conve
rsations. Which of the
4 Focus: recognising when
someone
strategies in the Focus
box does Speaker B
use?
genres. The Develop your skills lessons can either be done in class avoids answering a quest
ion
1 A: How much did you
spend?
S
B: Well, not much, in the

end. Less than I expect
ed.
following the main lessons they are linked to, or they can be used for 2 A: Was he eating too
much?
B: To be honest I think
the key thing was that
exercising enough. he wasn’t
homework. 3 A: Was the job well
am
paid? How much were

you earning?
B: Well, let’s just say I didn’t
struggle.
4 A: Will you leave, then?
1 Develop your listening lessons provide practice in different types B: I’m not prepared to
say right now.
5 A: So, you guys didn’t
of listening such as short talks and monologues, conversations, argue about?
get on very well? What
did you
B: Well, I’d rather not go
into details, really.
radio interviews and discussions. 6 A: Don’t you think it’s
OK, just for tonight?
B: It’s not about wheth
er it’s OK tonight, it’s about
2 Develop your writing lessons provide practice of specific whether it’s OK at all.
pl
5a Listen to the second

9.4
part of the panel
genres such as stories, formal and informal emails, blog posts, interview and compl
ete the sentences.
1 Through giving up social
media Bahar rediscovered
…
descriptions, invitations and reviews. 1 Work in small groups
2 According to Bahar,
humans need to …
in order to feel fully satisfi
ed,
and discuss the quest
ions. 3 In order to avoid answe
1 How many hours a ring the host’s questions,
3 Develop your reading lessons provide practice of specific genres week do you spend on
e
social media? Tim …

2 Do you think social b Work in pairs and
media is good or bad for check your answers.
such as stories, articles, reviews, factual texts, reports, social media 5 mental health? Explain
why.
your
6 Listen again. Are the
statements true (T),
false (F) or
3 What are the sympt not mentioned (NM)?
oms of someone who
social media? is addicted to
1 Bahar won less than
and blog posts. 2 9.3Listen to the first half
of a panel interview
2 Bahar didn’t know how
a million euros.
to deal with the online
people who have given on 3 Bahar wasn’t used abuse.
M
up using social media to feeling bored.

4 Each Develop your skills lesson has a clearly defined genre-related details 1–6 with Maha
1 realised he/she was
(M), Bahar (B) or Pablo
. Match
(P).
4 Now, after rediscovering
5 Tim Meadows has been
drawing, Bahar is never
bored.
lonely the CEO of the social media
goal and a focus which teaches a sub-skill related to the genre. 2 won some money
3 couldn’t be alone or
company Gobby for five
6 Tim says he feels respon
years.
bored any more sible for people who becom
4 had a difficult home addicted to social media e
5 Practice exercises are provided to ensure learners can life services like Gobby.
at
5 received online abuse 7 Work in pairs and discus

s the questions.
6 cried when he/she 1 Do you think social
recognise and use the sub-skills in focus. 3
realised how addicted
Read the Focus box then
he/she was
listen again. Which strate
media companies should
something to avoid people do
becoming addicted? If
does each person use gy what do you think they so,
to avoid answering a should do?
6 Special Focus boxes highlight reading, listening and writing question?
7
2 What do you think about
create as well as consum
the statement: ‘You’ve
got to
e in order to be fully satisfi
Recognising when some ed
sub-skills such as identifying the main ideas in a text, guessing one avoids
as a person’?
er
answering a question 3 Do you have a positiv

e or negative story to
There are various strateg social media? tell about
the meaning of words from context, identifying positive and answering a question.
ies that people use to
avoid
1 Give a vague answ
negative attitudes, organising ideas, using paragraphs, explaining A: How many hours a
er
week was it?
B: Let’s just say it was
reasons and results, using time expressions and linkers etc. 2 Change the focus
more than it should be.
of the question 6
ia
A: Was it 20 hours a week?

B: I think what’s impor
7 Follow-up questions round up the lesson and provide opportunities too much.
tant is that I realised
it was
3 Say politely that
you don’t want to answ
for further discussion. A: Why were you lonely
B: I don’t want to go
?
er
into specifics, but …

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228372.indd 94
2
9B Develop your writing
P
5 a Look at the sentences. Does the linking tell you the Prepare
Goal: write a narrative time (T) an activity happened, or the reason (R) why
8 a You're going to write a story that begins with a brief
it happened?
Focus: linking two actions together outline of the climax. Choose one of the options
1 Being a poor athlete, I was always the last one picked
below to begin your story or use your own ideas.
ea
for the team.

1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 2 Entering the room, she fixed me with a long cool stare.
1 Can you think of events in life that might change 3 Looking out of the window, he thought of the life he’d
people for the better? left behind.
2 Have you experienced any of these events? If so, what 4 Not having a key, I was forced to climb in through the
happened and how did you change? kitchen window.
2 a Read the first paragraph only of the short story. Work 5 Being the youngest of three, I was picked on
in pairs and discuss why you think Robyn did what mercilessly by my siblings.
rs
she did. 6 Sitting on the porch, I noticed the birds in the garden
had fallen silent.
b Read the whole short story and check your answers
to Exercise 2a. Then answer the questions below. 7 Arriving at your door, I felt my heart begin to race.
1 How did Robyn see herself before the incident? In The Spotlight 8 Knowing his temper, she tried to avoid him whenever
possible.
2 How did her colleagues react afterwards?
Robyn, a 22-year-old architecture student, always
3 When did the man steal Robyn’s phone? b Rewrite the sentences in Exercise 5a using the words Peter was a very intense man and his friends were always
thought of herself as a quiet and shy person right up until
on
4 How did Robyn find him? when/while or because. telling him to lighten up and have fun, until the day that
the moment she used a microphone to scream at a man
in a shopping mall. 1 6 Rewrite these sentences using the -ing form. they saw him on the TV show ‘You’ve got talent!’. That was
3 a Put the sentences below into the correct place (1–4) a show they would never forget.
in the story. It was a busy Saturday and Robyn and her mother 1 He looked out of his window and saw someone
a Robyn realised that she would never think of herself as were out shopping. The mall was full of eager shoppers creeping around in the darkness.
shy again. hunting for the perfect sunglasses and the latest Looking out of the window, he saw someone creeping
gadgets at bargain prices. Completely by accident, around in the darkness.
b It was a moment she would never forget.
Robyn bumped into a man in a green jumper and sent 2 She realised she was late and she started to run.
c Robyn could feel her blood begin to boil. him crashing to the ground. Apologising profusely, she 3 He was a smooth talker and he loved the chance to
d This had never happened to Robyn before and it made helped him to his feet. ‘I really have no idea how that
meet new people.
her angry, very angry. happened’, she said. ‘No worries’, said the man and
quickly walked away. 4 They were demanding parents and they didn’t like it
b Sentences a–d in Exercise 3a all focus on feelings.
20
when their son failed one of his exams.

What is the effect of adding this kind of information ‘That was a bit weird’, said Robyn’s mother and Robyn
5 I was listening to his story and I began to feel that
to the story? had to agree, but it wasn’t until she checked her back
something was wrong.
pocket that she realised what had happened. The man
4 Read the Focus box and find two more examples must have stolen her phone from her pocket while she 6 She didn’t know what to do and she decided to call her
in the narrative of the -ing form used to join two was helping him up. 2 friend who lived next door.
clauses. Sofiya was a cynical and unpleasant woman until the
Taking her mother’s phone she opened up the ‘Find my 7 Put the lines of the story in the correct order (1–8).
day that a stranger saved her from being eaten alive by a
phone’ app and logged into her account. By following A 1 Opening his eyes on another working weekday,
crocodile. It was a day at the zoo that she would never forget.
the GPS location of her phone she could see exactly B what time it was, but guessing
Linking two actions together
23
where the man was. Robyn told her mother to wait and C who liked routine, waking up late was
The simplest way to join two clauses is with and. headed after the man. She caught sight of him on the b Make notes on what happened before and after the
Sometimes the two clauses can also be joined by starting distressing to Charles. He liked the comfort of taking
second floor of the mall near the north entrance and climax and think about how the person changed.
the sentence with the first verb in the -ing form. that same 8.07 train every day. Throwing on his
followed him into a shoe shop. Robyn watched as the
She apologised profusely and helped him to his feet. thief sat down on a chair and casually started checking clothes, he Write
> Apologising profusely, she helped him to his feet. out the phone he had just stolen. He seemed not to feel D Charles was met with a bunch of blurry shapes
9 a Write the first draft of your story. Use the checklist
She took her mother’s phone and opened up the app. any guilt at all at what he had just done. 3 which only
below to help you.
> Taking her mother’s phone, she opened up the app. E it must be quite late due to the bright sun
Moving slowly and calmly, Robyn picked up the Begin with the climax of the story.
This form is common in narratives but it is only possible store microphone on the cashier’s desk, pressed the streaming in through the window, Charles
Describe the events leading up to the climax.
when the subject is the same in both clauses and the broadcast button and screamed at the top of her voice F resolved themselves into clearer ones, (namely
first action explains what was happening just before or Describe the climax in more detail.
‘THAT MAN STOLE MY PHONE!’ The noise shocked all the furniture of his modest bedroom), when he had
during the second action. the busy shoppers into silence and everyone turned to found his glasses. Not knowing Describe the events after the climax.
This type of linking can focus on the relationship stare at Robyn. All of a sudden Robyn knew what to do. Describe how the main character felt.
G thought back to the day he’d started working
between two actions in terms of when they happened. Picking up the nearest shoe she could find, Robyn threw Describe how the main character’s personality
for Peterson’s, twenty years ago, and the strange way
Crossing the road, she saw the singer from the night it at the man. Then she threw another, and another, all changed.
that his endless commuter days had begun.
before. the while shouting at the top of her voice ‘GIVE ME MY
PHONE, THIEF!’. H jumped out of bed with a low groan of pain. b When you have finished the first draft of your story,
It can also explain why something happened.
Being the sort of man exchange with a partner and prepare feedback to
Being an expert on the subject, he knew the answer to Needless to say, Robyn got her phone back and
the question. help improve your partner’s story.
when she told the story at work the next day, all of her
colleagues were surprised and amazed at what she had 10 Use your partner’s feedback to write a second draft
done. 4 of your story.
132 133
14
3
9C Develop your reading danke
5 Choose the correct answer (a, b or c) for the
Goal: compare a text and its summary questions below.
Focus: critically evaluating a summary 1 Why is learning a language compared to a physical

workout?
1 a Work in pairs. Look at the ways of saying thank you or obrigado a Because it is challenging but good for you.
b Because it takes a long time to improve.
S
thanks in different languages. Do you know which language

they come from? c Because it is uses the muscles of your mouth.
2 Which language will a Finnish person find easier
b Do you know how to say thank you in any other languages?
c Work in pairs. Discuss what you think the benefits are of merci dziękuję grazie to learn.
a Italian
am
learning a language.
b Hungarian
2 Read the article and the summary below. Note four things c It isn't known.
which are incorrect in the summary. 3 Who will usually find Arabic harder to learn than Thai?
a Everyone apart from Arabic speakers.
3 Read the Focus box, then check your answers to
Exercise 2. b Native English speakers.
The problems and benefits of learning a language c Everyone.
4 Why are some languages dying out?
1 Learning a second language is a complicated business. 5 There are other languages which don’t have an FSI Critically evaluating a summary a People are choosing to speak languages that are
Not only do you have to know approximately 10,000 category but which are possibly more complex than Watch out for over-generalisations used globally.
words in order to achieve ‘fluency’ in that language, even a level five language. Take Tuyuca for example -
Pay attention when words like every or everyone b People have forgotten how to speak them.
pl
you also need to know in which order they appear, a language spoken by fewer than a thousand people are used in summaries. They may not be strictly true c People see the world differently.
how they morph grammatically, how they combine with in parts of the Amazon rainforest. While languages according to the text.
other words to create new meaning as well as which such as Spanish and French have two classes of
Everyone will struggle to learn a category five language.
6 Underline words or phrases in the text that express
combinations sound natural and which unnatural. The noun (for example, el and la in Spanish), Tuyuca has the same idea as the phrases below.
Native English speakers will struggle to learn a
muscles in your mouth need to know how to make the up to 140. Or take Xhosa, a language widely spoken 1 a very short period of time (paragraph 1)
category five language.
right sounds to produce those words and all of this in South Africa. One of the sounds of Xhosa is a 2 it’s not surprising (paragraph 2)
Watch out for exaggerations
knowledge needs to be available to you in a split second click that you make by pressing your tongue against
e
Pay attention to statements of fact in summaries, 3 beginning of (paragraph 2)

so that you can engage in natural conversation. your upper side teeth and then pulling away. It’s the
particularly ones which sound unbelievable. They may 4 obviously (paragraph 3)
sound that some people make when encouraging a
2 No wonder then, that learning a language is like a mental
horse to move. In fact the ‘X’ of Xhosa is that click
be an exaggeration of the information in the text. 5 (which) many people speak (paragraph 5)
workout for the brain and, just like a workout for the Learning a second language can actually cure dementia.
sound, so the name of the language is pronounced 6 fallen dramatically (paragraph 6)
body, it has enormous benefits. Research in Canada Learning a second language can delay the onset of
with a click followed by ‘hosa’. And if you think that 7 no longer exist (summary)
has shown that learning a second language delays the dementia.
Xhosa sounds difficult to learn, imagine learning the
onset of mental diseases such as dementia by five years, 7 Work in groups and discuss the questions.
M
strangely named !Xóō language, which has five ways

learning two foreign languages delays it by over six years 4 Read the sentences below and say if they are 1 Should governments try to protect languages that are
of pronouncing the click!
and learning three or more foreign languages delays accurate summaries of the paragraphs in the article. in danger of dying out? Why/Why not?
dementia by nine years. If ever there was a good reason 6 Unfortunately, the very act of learning a foreign
Change the sentences which are not accurate. 2 What can they do to protect those languages?
to learn a language, this is it. language is in danger. The number of languages
Paragraph 1
spoken around the world has plunged in recent years
3 What then is the most difficult language to learn? The
and around half of the approximately six and a half Learning a language is the most complicated thing that
answer to that question naturally depends on which the human mind can do.
at
thousand languages that are still in active use are

language you speak in the first place. Native Spanish
already in danger of dying out. Some predictions Paragraph 2
speakers find Italian relatively easy to learn but like most
estimate that 90 percent of all languages could The more languages you learn, the more you delay the
other people, find Hungarian much harder. Native Finnish
die out by the end of the century as children stop onset of dementia.
speakers, find Hungarian easier than Spanish speakers
learning the language of their parents and ancestors Paragraph 3
because of its similarities to their language.
and instead learn the language which will allow
If a language is similar to the speaker’s native language,
4 The Foreign Service Institute (FSI), which is the them to participate in the modern economy. Every
they will find it easy to learn.
organisation responsible for training US diplomats and language that dies, however, represents a loss of
er
other employees to speak foreign languages, rates knowledge, culture and history as well as a unique Paragraph 4
languages from one to five in terms of how difficult they way of seeing the world. Each higher category of difficulty means twelve extra
are for a native English speaker to learn. A category one weeks of learning.
language will typically take 24 weeks of full-time study for Summary Paragraph 5
an FSI student to reach ‘general professional proficiency’, Speaking a foreign language is the most difficult thing the Tuyuca and Xhosa are difficult for native English speakers
a category three language will take 36 weeks and a human mind can do, however it has many benefits and it to learn.
category five language 88 weeks. French, Spanish and can actually cure dementia. The FSI, a US organisation, Paragraph 6
ia
Swedish, for example, are considered category one, grades languages from one to five. Everyone will struggle
Only 10% of the world’s languages will survive to the end
German is category two, Indonesian category three, to learn a category five language. Some languages,
Hungarian, Polish, Russian and Thai are category four such as Tuyuca or Xhosa, are difficult because of their of the century.
while Arabic, Chinese (Cantonese and Mandarin), unusual grammar or sounds. Unfortunately, 90 percent of
Japanese and Korean are category five. languages will die out by the end of the century.
112 113
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The Student’s Book also has extensive back of book material including a Language bank, a Vocabulary bank and a Communication bank.
P
Vocabulary bank Communication bank

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Lesson 1D
1B Help and encouragement 13a Student A
phrases 1–10 in bold with meanings a–j below.
1 Read the text and match words and Conversation 1
as I am
and it was quite a big thing for me You’re the landlord/landlady of a flat Conversation 2
the first time I‘d lived away from home that Student B has
When I started my degree, it was the university. Firstly, there was a
mentoring been renting. You’ve gone round to You work with Student B, who has
students got a lot of support from visit because Student been with the
registered blind. Fortunately, new around the campus, company much longer than you. You
rs
2took me under their wing – showed me B is leaving and wants the €1000 deposit joined a few
1scheme so I had a couple of older students who and she back. You don’t months ago, Student B has been there
of my mentors became a good friend want to give it back – at least not all almost a
and generally put me at ease. One of it – because you’re
3
introduced me to different people and always not happy with the state they have decade. Student B doesn’t like the
tell me she’d had similar feelings, left the place in. Think way you work,
when I was feeling down. She would about what the problems are. even though you’ve been getting good
gave me a lot of moral support
4
6a grant to pay for some of my additiona
l needs results. You feel
5reassure me. Apart from this, I also received Student B can be a bit bullying. You’ve
found the words to been missing
and buying books.
work to avoid a conflict with B, but
like help with writing up my essays have now decided
providing you need to confront him/her.
for different people by, for example,
the lecturers made allowances
7
When it came to studying, I found 8 easy on us in the first term as we
were
of notes in advance. They also went
on
and giving copies

recordings of lectures gave us lots of help and 9encouragement.
settling in. They gradually demande
d more, but they always
disabilitie s, and most of us were Lesson 2C
ones with
available for any student, not just
Actually, most of this support was 10
10in the same boat, away from our families
for the first time.
word from Exercise 1.

2 a Complete the questions with one
a money to help
Use the correct form.
b a programme are a good idea?
will be fine 1 Do you think mentoring
c make (someone) feel that things ?
2 When have you needed moral
too much of
d were gentle to and didn't demand your ?
d someone’s needs 3 Have you ever taken someone under
e made fair decisions that considere you ever had to allowance s for someone?
4 Have
20
or disadvantage you the most encourag ement in life?

or with less 5 Who has
f looked after (someone younger
where you weren’t
6 What situations have you been in
experience) with kindness
e and courage ease? Did anyone help you?
g words to give (someone) confidenc
four of the questions in
h helped to feel comfortable and
happy b Work in pairs. Ask and answer
alone and write your
Exercise 2a. Alternatively, work
i experiencing a similar situation
do better answers.
j words or behaviour to help someone
23
1C Word building: negatives Lesson 3B

a negative form of a
suffixes with each 2 Complete the sentences using 12 Student A
1 Match the negative prefixes and word from Exercise 1.
group of words. pay between men
1 It annoys me that there’s still 1
same. 2
dis- im- in- ir- -less un- and women. We should get paid the A thirteen-year-old boy took his parents
to court after
g. A lot of the targets we’re accusing them of causing him a life A Philosophy student in Rotterdam
2 Our boss is too demandin of pain and suffering took Erasmus
… as a result of the colour of his hair! University in Rotterdam to court after
1 point, hope, worth, care, meaning set are simply . A redhead, like both to leave … because he smelled so
they ordered him
his mother and father, the boy argued badly no one could
2 organised, respectful, honest use jargon at that he should be
3 It drives me mad when people awarded damages to compensate concentrate while he was in the room.
While admitting
suitable, that everyone can him for the teasing and
3 realistic, reasonable, clear, equal, work. They should just use language unhappiness he’d experienced at high to having rather smelly feet, he claimed
that this decision
school, where he was damaged his chances of future employm
tidy, aware understand. known as Carrot Top! ent and
le at all sport. I hate doing it!
demanded to be allowed to continue
4 relevant, rational, regular, responsib 4 I’m absolutely with his degree.
5 mature, patient, moral, proper,
perfect learn at school is
5 In my opinion, a lot of what you
, sufficient, consistent, to everyday life.
6 secure, experienced, adequate
competent 6 I know my fear of flying is
and that statistics 4B Develop your writing
it.
show it’s very safe, but I still hate 2b
how young
7 The thing that concerns me is 1 1222
days. 3 rich people’s schools
people are to older people these 5 sweatshirt
days. You just don’t 2 16th century 4 90%
8 Too many jobs are these 6 £200
know how long they will last.
9 It’s basically to avoid paying taxes.
beep their horn as soon
10 I find it annoying when people
are so .
as the traffic light goes green. They
with a negative suffix from
3 Choose five words ces.
experien
Exercise 1. Write sentences about
your
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SUPPORT COMPONENTS
WORKBOOK WITH ONLINE AUDIO
ROADMAP B2+ WOR

The Roadmap Workbook contains a wide variety of grammar,
vocabulary and functional language exercises that review all
the areas covered in the Student’s Book. It also features
additional listening, reading and writing practice.
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Extensive practice of grammar, vocabulary and functional
language covered in the Student’s Book.
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develop learners’ knowledge and mastery of skills.
Full answer keys and audio scripts are provided at the back
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mobile app (the Pearson Practice English app), consolidate
at
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Track Attempts and Errors to follow learners’ progress to the correct answers.
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SUPPORT COMPONENTS
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The Roadmap Teacher's Book provides step-by-step instructions
on how to exploit the material.
Teacher’s notes for every unit with warmers, fillers, alternative
suggestions, culture notes and answer keys.
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Generic teaching tips on useful areas such as grammar,

lexis, pronunciation, etc.
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Photocopiable grammar and vocabulary worksheets for

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Class audio scripts.
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TEACHER’S PORTAL
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Roadmap provides a host of support materials to help teachers get

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every unit, with teacher’s notes and answer keys.
Class audio and scripts.
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28563 Cover.indd 1
3 Give Ss a few minutes to read the questions and think about B: You’ve never fancied doing something like that yourself?
Unit 1
1A Give it a go take to it.
1
OVERVIEW B: No?
P
vocabulary on the board. When they have finished, ask a few pairs
to share their ideas with the class and find out if others agree. to hurt myself.
Introduction Conversation 2
The goal of this lesson is for students to persuade people to try Teaching tip C: Do you like House of Gorgon?
different activities. To help them achieve this, they will learn or Before a speaking activity, it’s a good idea to give Ss some D: I watched the first couple of episodes in the first series, but it wasn’t
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individual preparation time. This could be silent thinking time really my kind of thing.
1A Give it a go revise cleft sentences and vocabulary related to free-time activities.
Goal | persuade people to try different activities or you could ask them to make notes. This will ensure they
Grammar | cleft sentences have something to say and feel more confident and prepared
Warm up last few weeks. I watched six episodes on Saturday!
Vocabulary | free-time activities when they come to speak. For group or whole-class speaking D: Yeah? It’s just all that fantasy stuff doesn’t really appeal to me.
Before class, prepare three sentences about what you like doing activities, Ss can prepare and share ideas in pairs beforehand. C: Oh, fair enough, but what’s great about it is the way they make it
in your free time: two true sentences and one false. Write them relevant to now.
disagreement shift towards a new position on the board and encourage Ss to ask you questions to help them D: Really?
Further practice
decide which is false (e.g. How often do you do X? Who do you do C: Yeah. It’s essentially about the current political situation – just with
1B Kind acts it with? etc.) Once they’ve guessed which sentence is false, ask Ss Photocopiable activities: 1A Vocabulary, p155 wizards! You should give it another go. I know there’s a lot of hype
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Goal | narrate a short story in detail to prepare three sentences of their own in the same way, without App: 1A Vocabulary practice 1 and 2 around it, but it’s just very entertaining.
Grammar | narrative tenses D: Sorry, but it’s really not for me.
showing them to anyone. Monitor and help if necessary, writing
Vocabulary | helping people C: Oh well. Your loss!
new vocabulary on the board. Put Ss in pairs or small groups to
GSE learning objective show each other their sentences and ask questions to help decide Listening Conversation 3
Can narrate a story in detail, giving relevant information about E: What are you doing at the weekend?
which is false. When they have finished, ask a few Ss to share 4 1.1 Explain that Ss are going to listen to four conversations F: We’re going camping.
anything interesting they found out with the class. in which people talk about free-time activities. Read through E: OK. Do you do that a lot?
1C How annoying! sentences 1 and 2 with the class so Ss know what to listen for. Play F: Yeah. Whenever I can.
on
Goal | talk about annoying incidents E: Really?

Vocabulary the recording for Ss to listen and make notes, then compare ideas
Language focus | exaggeration in pairs. Play the recording again if necessary, then check answers
Free-time activities E: No. I like hiking, but what I don’t understand is how anyone gets
Vocabulary | at work with the class. enjoyment from sleeping uncomfortably in a field.
GSE learning objective 1a Give pairs a few minutes to read the items 1–8 and check
Can use hyperbole to emphasise a point (e.g. It’s going to take understanding of the words in bold. Encourage Ss to use Answers: waking up and stepping out of your tent into that fresh morning air,
me years to do this.) dictionaries or mobile devices to check vocabulary they’re unsure with the mountains right there.
Conversation 1
of, monitoring and helping if necessary. Then focus attention on 1 TV, films, reading and martial arts, mostly karate, also judo E: Can’t you get that from a hotel balcony?
1D English in action
the photos and elicit which of the activities are shown. F: No! It’s not the same! You don’t have that smell of the damp grass.
Goal | negotiate solutions to disputes 2 One speaker has started doing karate and really enjoys it.
Vocabulary | fights and disputes It helps him to keep fit, he learns a bit of self-defence and F: No! It’s nice. And the other thing I love is how friendly people are.
GSE learning objective he likes the shouting. It’s a good way to get rid of stress and Campers are just very nice people!
Can negotiate a solution to a dispute (e.g. an undeserved traffic frustrations from work. The other speaker tried judo once E: If you say so, but I’m not convinced.
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ticket, blame for an accident) but didn’t take to it. Conversation 4

Go online for the Roadmap video and worksheet. 2a Elicit the first answer as an example, then ask Ss to complete 2 One speaker loves it and thinks it’s relevant to the current G: I didn’t know you did that. Are you any good?
the sentences alone. With weaker classes, you could go through H: No. I’m hopeless, but I enjoy it. Why don’t you come?
VOCABULARY BANK the meanings of the phrases in the box first. Ask Ss to check G: Oh gosh! No!
answers in pairs, then check answers with the class. H: Why not?
1B Help and encouragement Conversation 3 G: I’d feel uncomfortable. I’m OK if I’m dancing on my own – but actually
1C Word building: negatives Answers: 1 take to it 2 grow on me 3 the hype 2 One speaker loves it – the fresh air, being close to nature. H: Oh, don’t worry! What’s great about this class is the fact that no one
4 very encouraging 5 hopeless at 6 nothing beats
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The other doesn’t understand why anyone would choose to takes it too seriously.
DEVELOP YOUR SKILLS 7 fancied taking up 8 let off steam 9 switch off suffer the discomfort! G: I don’t know.
Conversation 4
1A Develop your writing Optional extra activity G: Really?
Ask Ss to choose three phrases from the box in Ex 2a, then think 2 One is enjoying it, even though they’re hopeless at it. You’ll enjoy it.
Focus | changing the register of spoken information
of one thing which is true for them that relates to each phrase, The other thinks they’d feel uncomfortable and is a terrible G: Well, maybe then. What time does it start?
Can write essays and reports synthesising information from a e.g. I’m hopeless at it – tennis; nothing beats this – a bath after dancer, but is tempted!
number of sources a long day. When they are ready, put Ss in pairs to say the things 5 Focus attention on the first sentence and ask: Which
they thought of for their partner to guess which phrase each one Audioscript 1.1 conversation is this from? Elicit Ss’ ideas but don’t give any
relates to. Pairs then ask questions to find out more information. Conversation 1 answers yet. Give Ss a minute to read the sentences, then
When they have finished, ask a few Ss to share anything A: So what do you do when you’re not working? play the recording again for Ss to match the sentences to the
interesting they found out about their partner with the class. B: Not that much, to be honest. The usual – TV, films, I read a bit, conversations, then check in pairs. With weaker classes, play the
GSE learning objective though not as much as I should, I guess. Oh, and I recently started
Can differentiate between rhetorical and genuine questions in recording again if necessary, then check answers with the class.
b Remind Ss of the activities in Ex 1a, then put them in pairs to going to a karate class a couple of times a week.
informal discussion A: Really? Is that just to keep fit or so you can defend yourself or what?
discuss the question. When they have finished, elicit ideas from a Answers: a 3 b 4 c 2 d 4 e 2 f 1
1C Develop your reading few pairs and find out if others agree. good about it is it’s more than just keep fit, you know.
A: Sure.
Focus | recognising similarities and differences between Suggested answers: B: And I have to say, I really, really love the shouting!
opinions 1 yoga 2 online gaming 3 a blockbuster 4 a keep-fit activity A: Yeah? You don’t seem a very shouty kind of person!
GSE learning objective 5 dress making, doing puzzles 6 singing in a choir/performing B: I’m not. But what I’ve found is it’s just a great way to get rid of all
Can understand differences and similarities between points of those frustrations from work.
view in extended texts A: Yeah, I can see how that would work.
24 25
18
1A Vocabulary Fre
e-time activitie s
Grammar 2 Cleft sentences
1A 1 Match the words
and phrases in bold
in Exercise 2 with
a their meaning.
b relax
c the publicity and
do to help excitement
pastime I’ve d terrible at
S
enjoy about huge amount a popular remember new e very successful film,
studying keep-fit activity never tried vocabulary usually one that
is full of action or adve
of hype f hobby nture
English g to get rid of ange
r, excitement or ener
gy
am
h would like to start

spending time doin
g something new
i sports in which you
found is great about j confidence-giving
fight with your hand
s and feet
couldn’t stand fancy doing admire in interesting living here k a type of word puzz
le
when I was people at school
this weekend l entertaining othe
r people
younger an adjective mea
ning exercise
2 Find someone who
…
should spend
made me was nice about
pl
a lot of puts people more time Name

off performing choose this being a child doing More information
locals do at course
1 … has seen a
blockbuster in the
past year.
weekends for others
2 … knows a mov
e from a martial art.
most
e
used to spend 3 … can think of

many people blockbusters
two benefits of
people don’t always find hours doing as doing crosswords.
are concerned have in a child
talk about encouraging about
4 … fancies taki
ng up another lang
enough common a musical instrume
nt in future.
uage or
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5 … can think of
three keep-fit activ
available in the local ities
area.
don’t have 6 … prefers onlin
a lot of people helps people not really into
e gaming to outd
effective any patience for to let off steam. oor pursuits
take seriously switch off

study strategy
at
7 … knows a very
encouraging quot
e or saying.
8 … likes to follo
w the hype arou
celebrity trends. nd
really unusual I watched
appreciate in has grown to see recently
9 … is either very
good or hopeles
remembering peop s at
I’ve always liked a friend on me around here le’s names.
er
10 … has a crea
tive pastime that
straight away but they didn’t take to
that grew on them
over time.
11 … has experienc
e in e performing, for
Something I appreciat play or in a musical
group.
example in a
ying
What I enjoy about stud a friend is a sense of hum
our.
people. 12 … thinks that
English is meeting new to really switch off,
ia
spending time in nothing beats

nature.
ch off
What helps people swit
person.
really depends on the PHOTOCOPIABLE
© Pearson Educa
tion Limited 2020
l©
155
n Education Limited 2020 Z02_Roadmap_TB_
PHOTOCOPIABLE © Pearso B2P_28563.indd
3
154
12/02/2020 06:39
PRESENTATION TOOL
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The Roadmap Presentation tool contains everything

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you need to make the course come alive. It includes

integrated whiteboard software that allows you to
add notes, embed files, save your work and reduce
preparation time.
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Presentation tool:
● Fully interactive version of the Student’s Book.
on
● Assign Student’s Book activities as homework or view

students’ self-access activity.
● Easy navigation via book page and lesson flow.
● Answers to exercises at the touch of a button.
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● Integrated audio.
● Integrated video, with time-coded
video scripts.
● A host of useful classroom tools.
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Resources area:
● PDFs of the Language bank materials.
● Video worksheets.
● Photocopiable activities with teacher’s notes.
● Audioscripts.
● Assessment package containing all the
course tests.
19
COURSE METHODOLOGY
Syllabus Topics
The Roadmap syllabus is built on Global Scale of English language Maintaining learners’ interest is a vital part of the teacher’s role.
learning objectives (see below) but there is a strong focus on the Research suggests that learners get bored if they stay on the
key grammar, functional language, vocabulary and pronunciation same topic for too long so each lesson in Roadmap introduces a
needed to perform those objectives in each of the main lessons. fresh theme, although there is always a coherent link in terms
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Language items have been selected according to their level of of language items covered from one lesson to the next. There
difficulty and how useful they are in helping learners to achieve is also a topic link with the Develop your skills lessons which are
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the communicative goal which is at the heart of each lesson. an extension of the main lesson. Fresh angles on familiar topics
As a result, learners never feel that they are studying grammar, have been used wherever possible and reading and listening texts
functional language, vocabulary or pronunciation for its own sake have been designed to be as authentic as possible. The texts
and can immediately see the relevance of what they are learning. are based on real-world sources and although they have been
graded, especially at the lower levels, to make them accessible
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Syllabus built on Global Scale of English learning objectives so

for students, the ‘tone’ of the texts is as realistic as possible.
learners can immediately see the relevance of what they are
Every unit contains a variety of rich and authentic input material
learning.
including specially filmed video clips.
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Strong focus on the grammar, vocabulary, functional language

New topics are introduced in every lesson so learners never
and pronunciation needed to achieve the speaking objective at
get bored.
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the heart of every lesson.

Fresh angles on familiar topics have been introduced
wherever possible.
The Global Scale of English
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Reading and listening texts are designed to be as authentic as

The Global Scale of English (GSE) is a standardised, granular possible and are based on real-world sources.
scale that measures English language proficiency. Using the
er
GSE, students and teachers can now answer three questions

accurately: Exactly how good is my English? What progress have Grammar/Language focus
I made towards my learning goal? What do I need to do next if I
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Successful communication is dependent on an ability to recognise

want to improve?
and use grammatical structures. Learners can often manage to
The GSE identifies what a learner can do at each point on a scale make themselves understood with a limited repertoire of words
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from 10 to 90, across all four skills (listening, reading, speaking, and phrases but, as their level progresses, they increasingly
and writing), as well as the enabling skills of grammar and need grammar together with a larger vocabulary bank in order
vocabulary. This allows learners and teachers to understand a to navigate more complex situations and communicate more
learner’s exact level of proficiency, what progress they have made sophisticated ideas and opinions. Grammar and enrichment of
and what they need to learn next. vocabulary are a core feature of learning a language and
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The GSE is designed to motivate learners by making it easier to Roadmap recognises this by giving them a central role in each of
demonstrate granular progress in their language ability. Teachers the main lessons:
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can use their knowledge of their students’ GSE levels to choose

Grammar is introduced in context through short listening/
course materials that are precisely matched to ability and learning
reading texts and are then presented and practised using a
goals. The GSE serves as a standard against which English
‘guided-discovery’ approach. Learners study the patterns of
language courses and assessments can be benchmarked,
a grammar point and are often asked to identify aspects of
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offering a truly global and shared understanding of language

meaning or form by completing simple exercises and/or rules
proficiency levels.
and tables.
on
Language items are presented in a concise form in a Grammar

Teacher Mapping Booklet and GSE Toolkit box in the main lesson with fuller explanations in the
Language bank at the back of the book.
You will find the GSE Teacher Mapping Booklet for Roadmap online
on pearsonenglish.com/roadmap. This booklet provides an Each grammar point has one or two controlled practice
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overview of all the learning objectives covered in each unit of exercises plus a freer personalised activity designed to offer
Roadmap, lesson by lesson. students the opportunity to say something about themselves
These GSE learning objectives are only a selection from the larger or the topic.
collection contained within the GSE. To explore additional The Language focus carries more of a lexico-grammar
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resources to support students, there is an online GSE Teacher approach. This is designed to introduce a vocabulary system,
Toolkit. This searchable online database gives you quick and easy rather than include a long, exhaustive list of vocabulary.
access to the learning objectives and grammar and vocabulary
The Language bank in the Student’s Book, the Workbook and
resources. It also gives you access to GSE job profiles: 250 job skills
mobile app have additional grammar/language focus practice
mapped to GSE learning objectives, enabling you to pinpoint the
exercises. There are also further photocopiable activities in
specific language skills required for professional learners.
the Teacher’s Book.
For more information please go to english.com/gse.
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Vocabulary Pronunciation
Course methodology
Developing a wide range of vocabulary is also key to developing Teachers often have mixed attitudes towards teaching
communicative competence. A good knowledge of vocabulary pronunciation in their lessons. Some consider that it is relatively
helps learners to improve their reading and listening skills and unimportant, especially if their learners can generally make
is also important for writing. A knowledge of high-frequency themselves understood, but others place great importance on
collocations and fixed and semi-fixed phrases is also an effective developing pronunciation that is more than just intelligible. They
way to increase spoken fluency. Vocabulary is an important consider that a systematic focus on pronunciation in a lesson,
feature of every lesson in Roadmap. Vocabulary items have been however brief, can have a significant impact on developing
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selected a) according to the topic of the lesson and b) according learners’ communicative competence.
to how useful they are for the final speaking task. Vocabulary is In Roadmap, we have taken a practical, integrated approach to
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always presented in context through photos or texts and practised developing students’ pronunciation by highlighting features that
through controlled and freer practice activities. Vocabulary is often cause problems in conjunction with the areas of grammar,
also constantly recycled throughout the course and learners are vocabulary or functional language in focus. Where relevant to
actively encouraged to use the new vocabulary they have learned the level, a grammatical or functional language focus is followed
to give their personal opinions on the topics in focus and to talk by practice of a feature of pronunciation, for example, the weak
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about their own lives and experiences. forms of auxiliary verbs or connected speech in certain functional
Vocabulary is an important feature of every lesson. It is usually exponents. Students are given the opportunity to listen to models
presented in context through quotes and/or short reading of the pronunciation, notice the key features and then practise it.
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texts or illustrated with photos and/or cartoons so that Pronunciation is a prominent feature of the syllabus, and
learners can understand how and when an item is used. practice is generally linked to the main grammar, vocabulary
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The emphasis throughout is on high-frequency, useful and functional language in focus.

vocabulary. At lower levels, the focus is on presenting lexical Listen and repeat activities reinforce pronunciation of new
sets and at higher levels there is an increased focus on
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language. As and when appropriate, there is an emphasis

word-building, collocation and useful fixed phrases. on areas of pronunciation that affect communication, for
Vocabulary is practised in a variety of ways with one or two example, sentence stress/intonation.
er
controlled practice activities for each vocabulary section.

Learners are often asked to relate the vocabulary they have
learned to their own lives making it more memorable.
Skills development
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Vocabulary is constantly recycled throughout the course and Roadmap recognises that effective communication involves
further practice is provided in the Check and reflect pages, on receptive as well as productive skills. Although speaking is the
the mobile app, in the Workbook and photocopiable activities main skills focus in each of the main lessons, short reading and
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in the Teacher’s Book. listening texts are used to present and practise new language
and introduce topics for discussion. These cover a variety of
The Vocabulary bank at the back of the Student’s Book different genres – blogs, articles, fact files, etc. – but are never
further extends some of the key vocabulary areas covered in very long as research indicates that teachers want to maximise
the main lessons. speaking practice during class time. Roadmap also recognises
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the importance of writing and suggestions for writing extension

activities are suggested in the teacher’s notes for each of the main
Functional Language
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lessons.
Learners need to manage communication in a wide variety of In addition to the reading, writing and listening material in the
different situations and they need to be able to recognise and use main lessons, there is a Develop your skills section at the back of
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phrases and expressions that are appropriate for each situation. the book for learners who want to improve their reading, writing
These include transactional exchanges, where the focus is on or listening skills. There are three Develop your skills lessons for
getting something done or interactional exchanges where the each unit. Each lesson is built around a GSE learning objective
on
focus is on socialising with others. and concentrates on a specific skill – reading, listening or writing.
Roadmap recognises the importance of functional language and They are linked thematically to one of the main lessons and
each unit has an English in action page which focus on useful can be done at home or in class. The Develop your skills lessons
areas such as giving directions, asking for information, clarifying expose learners to different text genres of reading (articles, blogs
information etc. Each English in action lesson has a communicative etc.), writing (emails, reports, essays, etc.) and listening (radio
20
outcome based on a GSE learning objective and key functional broadcasts, conversations, etc.) and focus on different strategies
language items are highlighted in a Useful phrases box. or sub-skills to improve general competence in each skill. These
strategies are particularly useful for exam training.
English in action lessons focus on useful functional areas such
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as giving directions, clarifying information etc.
Each English in action lesson has a communicative outcome Speaking

based on a GSE learning objective.
Most learners, whatever their age and whatever specific goals
Key functional language items are highlighted in a Useful or reasons they might have for learning English, want to improve
phrases box. their speaking skills. Many learners lack opportunities to practise
in the real world so they need to make the most of opportunities
to speak English in the classroom. Roadmap recognises the
importance of speaking and there are many opportunities
throughout the course for learners to participate in a wide variety
of different speaking activities. For example, learners might
21
be asked to discuss a series of questions, respond to photos more speakers perform whole or part of the task. Learners listen
Course methodology
or cartoons, give their opinions about the content of a reading to this and try to replicate what they have heard when they come
or listening text or take part in conversations, discussions and to perform the task themselves.
role-plays. Speaking is a fundamental part of each lesson and Listening is a prominent feature in the main lessons but more
learners are frequently asked to work together in pairs or groups in-depth practice of different genres, for example, short talks and
to maximise opportunities to speak in class. monologues, conversations, radio interviews and discussions, etc.
Many learners are reluctant or unable to speak because they have is provided in the Develop your listening lessons at the back of the
nothing to say or lack the language they need to say what they book. The Develop your listening lessons also provide invaluable
want to say. Roadmap helps learners to overcome these problems training in listening sub-skills, for example, predicting information,
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and one of the key aims of the course is to increase learners’ recognising discourse markers and weak forms, identifying
confidence and fluency. Each of the four core lessons in each unit examples and sequencing words. Each Develop your listening
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are built around a Global Scale of English speaking objective and all lesson provides an example of the genre as well as highlighting
the grammar, functional language, vocabulary and pronunciation a sub-skill which is outlined in a special Focus box and practised
is geared towards helping learners achieve that objective. in the lesson. As mentioned in the introduction to the Teacher’s
Learners develop fluency when they are motivated to speak Book, the Develop your listening lessons are optional and can be
and for this to happen, engaging topics and relevant, carefully- selected according to the needs of individual learners or classes.
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staged speaking tasks are essential. In each lesson of Roadmap They can be used in conjunction with the main lessons to form
there is a logical sequence of linked activities that have been the extended route through the course or they can be used
carefully constructed and staged to help learners perform the final individually and/or given to learners to do for homework.
e
speaking task to the best of their ability. Learners are given time
Listening is a prominent feature of the main lessons and is
to prepare their ideas and think about the language they need for
often used to present new grammar or vocabulary or act as a
the final speaking task in a structured way. Giving learners time to
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springboard to stimulate discussion.

rehearse is crucial in terms of building their confidence and this in
turn leads to better motivation and greater accuracy and fluency. Listening ‘models’ are provided to build learners’ confidence.
at
As learners’ confidence increases, their willingness to experiment

Listening material is designed to be as authentic-sounding as
with the language also increases. Speaking is systematically
possible whilst bearing in mind the need to make it accessible
developed in Roadmap through the following activities:
for the level.
er
Lead-in questions and/or striking images engage learners’

More in-depth practice of different listening genres – short
interest and activate passive knowledge of vocabulary related
talks and monologues, conversations, radio interviews and
to the topic.
discussions – is provided in the Develop your listening lessons
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Grammar and vocabulary relevant for the final speaking at the back of the book.
activities are presented and practised.
Develop your listening lessons provide an example of the
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Personalised practice activities encourage learners to give genre as well as highlighting different sub-skills needed to
their own opinions on the topic and talk about their own lives develop mastery of the skill.
and experiences
Listening sub-skills are outlined in a special Focus box and
Learners are given ‘models’ and time to prepare their ideas for practised in the lesson.
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the final speaking task.

Develop your listening lessons are optional and can be selected
Useful phrases give learners ideas and provide prompts to help according to the needs of individual learners or classes. They
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them get started. can be used individually and/or given for homework.
Learners perform the speaking task in pairs or groups and are

invited to reflect on their performance through a whole class Reading
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round up activity.
Reading is important for many students, particularly if they need
it for their work or studies. The learner who develops confidence
Listening
on
in reading both in and outside the classroom will undoubtedly

make faster progress. We now have access to a very wide range
Listening is an important skill for all users of English and one which
of English language reading material and it is a good idea to
learners often find quite challenging. Many learners complain
encourage learners to read as much as possible outside the
that they can understand their teacher but find it difficult to
classroom. Roadmap provides ample opportunities for learners
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understand people speaking English outside the classroom,

to practise their reading skills, both in the main lessons and in the
especially if speakers do not make any concessions to their
Develop your reading sections at the back of the book.
audience in terms of their speed of delivery. Learners with poor
listening skills are unlikely to be competent communicators or Short reading texts are included in the main lessons to
23
users of the language, so listening features almost as prominently contextualise new grammar or vocabulary and they also often
as speaking in the main lessons in Roadmap. It is important serve as a springboard for discussion. As with the listening
to expose learners to real language in use as well as different material, there is an emphasis on authenticity, and although
varieties of English. Listening material, particularly at lower levels, reading texts have been adapted or graded for the level, there is
is scripted but aims to reflect the patterns of natural speech and is an attempt to maintain authenticity by remaining faithful to the
designed to be as authentic-sounding as possible whilst bearing text type in terms of content and style. Texts are relevant and
in mind the need to make it accessible for the level. Listening texts up-to-date, and are designed to stimulate interest and motivate
are often used to present new grammar or vocabulary and can act learners to read. The texts represent a variety of genres and
as a springboard to stimulate discussion in class. In addition, there mirror the text types that learners will probably encounter in their
is a listening ‘model’ for each of the speaking tasks in which one or everyday lives. Texts are generally not exploited in any great depth
in the main lessons (as in-depth work on reading is provided in
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the Develop your reading section) but learners are always given a Each Develop your writing lesson provides an example of the
Course methodology
reason to read along with basic comprehension exercises. genre as well as highlighting a sub-skill which is outlined in a
More in-depth practice of different genres is provided in the special Focus box and practised in the lesson. As mentioned in
Develop your reading lessons at the back of the book. The Develop the introduction to the Teacher’s Book, the Develop your writing
your reading lessons also provide invaluable training in reading lessons are optional and can be selected according to the needs
sub-skills such as identifying the main ideas in a text, guessing the of individual learners or classes. They can be used in conjunction
meaning of words from context, identifying positive and negative with the main lessons to form the extended route through the
attitudes, understanding pronouns, missing words, etc. course or they can be used individually and/or given to learners
Each Develop your reading lesson provides an example of the to do for homework. Each Develop your writing lesson follows a
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genre as well as highlighting a sub-skill which is outlined in a similar format:

special Focus box and practised in the lesson. As mentioned in Some writing practice is provided in the main lessons and
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the introduction to the Teacher’s Book, the Develop your reading in-depth work on different genres of writing as well as writing
lessons are optional and can be selected according to the needs sub-skills is provided in the Develop your writing section at the
of individual learners or classes. They can be used in conjunction back of the book.
with the main lessons to form the extended route through the
course or they can be used individually and/or given to learners to Each Develop your writing lesson starts with a few discussion
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do for homework. questions designed to activate learners’ vocabulary and get

them thinking about ideas related to the topic.
Reading is a prominent feature of the main lessons and is
e
often used to present new grammar or vocabulary or act as a Each Develop your writing lesson provides a model of the
springboard to stimulate discussion. genre in focus. These are designed to be as authentic as
possible whilst bearing in mind the need to make them
Reading material is designed to be as authentic as possible
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accessible for the level. Types of writing mirror those that

whilst bearing in mind the need to make it accessible for the learners will encounter in their everyday lives, for example,
level. Text types mirror those learners will encounter in their stories, formal and informal emails, blog posts, descriptions,
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everyday lives, for example, blogs, social media posts, etc. invitations, reviews, etc.
More in-depth practice of different reading genres – stories, Develop your writing lessons provide examples of the genre
articles, reviews, factual texts, reports, social media and blog as well as highlighting different sub-skills needed to develop
er
posts, etc. – is provided in the Develop your reading lessons at mastery of it, for example, organising ideas, using paragraphs,
the back of the book. explaining reasons and results, using time expressions and
Develop your reading lessons provide an example of the genre linkers, constructing narratives, etc.
ia
as well as highlighting different sub-skills needed to develop Writing sub-skills are outlined in a special Focus box and
mastery of the skill. practised in the lesson.
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Reading sub-skills are outlined in a special Focus box and Learners prepare and then write their own example of the
practised in the lesson. genre in focus and are encouraged to use the sub-skills they
Develop your reading lessons are optional and can be selected have practised in the lesson.
according to the needs of individual learners or classes. They Develop your writing lessons are optional and can be selected
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can be used individually and/or given for homework. according to the needs of individual learners or classes. They
can be used individually and/or given for homework.
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Writing
In recent years the growth of email and the internet means
Review and consolidation
that people worldwide are writing more than ever before – for
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Language items are regularly recycled in each lesson of Roadmap.

business, for their studies and for personal communication. At end of each unit, there is a Check and reflect page which is
Learners need effective writing skills for professional and designed to review all the language points covered and give
academic purposes but people also use writing – email, text
on
learners an opportunity to reflect on how their confidence and

messages, social media posts, etc. – as an informal means of mastery of the language has improved. In addition, each unit is
communication far more than they used to. The latter isn’t simply accompanied by a short video –the Roadmap report – that can
speech written down and there are all sorts of conventions for be used to provide a break from the routine of the Student’s Book
both informal and formal writing. It is therefore important to focus as well as revise and consolidate language in a fun, light-hearted
20
on a range of genres, from formal text types such as essays, way. Each Roadmap report features a ‘roving reporter’ who goes
letters and reports to informal genres such as blog entries and out on location to visit interesting people and places and has a
personal messages. Roadmap provides extensive training in all variety of new experiences. The videos are designed to illustrate
these types of writing. some of the quirkier aspects of real life as well as show language
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Writing is not a prominent feature of the main lessons in items covered in the unit in realistic contexts.
Roadmap although learners are frequently asked to make notes
Video clips and extension activities consolidate key language
as preparation for the speaking task. There are also suggestions
covered in each unit and illustrate some of the quirkier aspects
in the teacher’s notes on ways to extend the tasks with follow-
of real life.
up written work. However, in-depth practice of different genres
of writing is provided in the Develop your writing lessons at the Video clips are 2–3 minutes in length and are designed to
back of the book. The Develop your writing lessons also provide entertain learners and provide a bit of light relief.
invaluable training in writing sub-skills such as organising ideas,
Video worksheets (to exploit the language in the videos) are
using paragraphs, explaining reasons and results, using time
available online.
expressions and linkers, constructing narratives, etc.
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1A Give it a go
1 OVERVIEW
Introduction
The goal of this lesson is for students to persuade people to try
different activities. To help them achieve this, they will learn or
1A Give it a go revise cleft sentences and vocabulary related to free-time activities.
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Goal | persuade people to try different activities

Grammar | cleft sentences Warm up
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Vocabulary | free-time activities

Before class, prepare three sentences about what you like doing
in your free time: two true sentences and one false. Write them
disagreement shift towards a new position on the board and encourage Ss to ask you questions to help them
decide which is false (e.g. How often do you do X? Who do you do
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1B Kind acts it with? etc.) Once they’ve guessed which sentence is false, ask Ss
Goal | narrate a short story in detail to prepare three sentences of their own in the same way, without
Grammar | narrative tenses showing them to anyone. Monitor and help if necessary, writing
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Vocabulary | helping people new vocabulary on the board. Put Ss in pairs or small groups to
GSE learning objective show each other their sentences and ask questions to help decide
Can narrate a story in detail, giving relevant information about which is false. When they have finished, ask a few Ss to share
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anything interesting they found out with the class.
1C How annoying!
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Goal | talk about annoying incidents Vocabulary

Language focus | exaggeration
Vocabulary | at work Free-time activities
1a Give pairs a few minutes to read the items 1–8 and check
er

Can use hyperbole to emphasise a point (e.g. It’s going to take understanding of the words in bold. Encourage Ss to use
me years to do this.) dictionaries or mobile devices to check vocabulary they’re unsure
of, monitoring and helping if necessary. Then focus attention on
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the photos and elicit which of the activities are shown.
Goal | negotiate solutions to disputes
Vocabulary | fights and disputes
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Can negotiate a solution to a dispute (e.g. an undeserved traffic
ticket, blame for an accident)
Go online for the Roadmap video and worksheet. 2a Elicit the first answer as an example, then ask Ss to complete
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the sentences alone. With weaker classes, you could go through

VOCABULARY BANK the meanings of the phrases in the box first. Ask Ss to check
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answers in pairs, then check answers with the class.

1B Help and encouragement
1C Word building: negatives Answers: 1 take to it 2 grow on me 3 the hype
4 very encouraging 5 hopeless at 6 nothing beats
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DEVELOP YOUR SKILLS 7 fancied taking up 8 let off steam 9 switch off
1A Develop your writing

on
Optional extra activity

Focus | changing the register of spoken information Ask Ss to choose three phrases from the box in Ex 2a, then think
of one thing which is true for them that relates to each phrase,
Can write essays and reports synthesising information from a e.g. I’m hopeless at it – tennis; nothing beats this – a bath after
number of sources a long day. When they are ready, put Ss in pairs to say the things
20
they thought of for their partner to guess which phrase each one
relates to. Pairs then ask questions to find out more information.
When they have finished, ask a few Ss to share anything
interesting they found out about their partner with the class.
23

Can differentiate between rhetorical and genuine questions in
informal discussion b Remind Ss of the activities in Ex 1a, then put them in pairs to
discuss the question. When they have finished, elicit ideas from a
1C Develop your reading few pairs and find out if others agree.
Focus | recognising similarities and differences between Suggested answers:
opinions 1 yoga 2 online gaming 3 a blockbuster 4 a keep-fit activity
GSE learning objective 5 dress making, doing puzzles 6 singing in a choir/performing
Can understand differences and similarities between points of
view in extended texts
24
3 Give Ss a few minutes to read the questions and think about B: You’ve never fancied doing something like that yourself?
Unit 1
take to it.
B: No?
vocabulary on the board. When they have finished, ask a few pairs
to share their ideas with the class and find out if others agree. to hurt myself.
Conversation 2
Teaching tip C: Do you like House of Gorgon?
Before a speaking activity, it’s a good idea to give Ss some D: I watched the first couple of episodes in the first series, but it wasn’t
individual preparation time. This could be silent thinking time really my kind of thing.
S
or you could ask them to make notes. This will ensure they
have something to say and feel more confident and prepared last few weeks. I watched six episodes on Saturday!
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when they come to speak. For group or whole-class speaking D: Yeah? It’s just all that fantasy stuff doesn’t really appeal to me.
activities, Ss can prepare and share ideas in pairs beforehand. C: Oh, fair enough, but what’s great about it is the way they make it
relevant to now.
D: Really?
Further practice
C: Yeah. It’s essentially about the current political situation – just with
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Photocopiable activities: 1A Vocabulary, p155 wizards! You should give it another go. I know there’s a lot of hype
App: 1A Vocabulary practice 1 and 2 around it, but it’s just very entertaining.
D: Sorry, but it’s really not for me.
e
C: Oh well. Your loss!

Listening Conversation 3
E: What are you doing at the weekend?
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4 1.1 Explain that Ss are going to listen to four conversations F: We’re going camping.
in which people talk about free-time activities. Read through E: OK. Do you do that a lot?
sentences 1 and 2 with the class so Ss know what to listen for. Play F: Yeah. Whenever I can.
E: Really?
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the recording for Ss to listen and make notes, then compare ideas
in pairs. Play the recording again if necessary, then check answers E: No. I like hiking, but what I don’t understand is how anyone gets
with the class. enjoyment from sleeping uncomfortably in a field.
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Answers: waking up and stepping out of your tent into that fresh morning air,
Conversation 1 with the mountains right there.
E: Can’t you get that from a hotel balcony?
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1 TV, films, reading and martial arts, mostly karate, also judo
F: No! It’s not the same! You don’t have that smell of the damp grass.
2 One speaker has started doing karate and really enjoys it.
It helps him to keep fit, he learns a bit of self-defence and F: No! It’s nice. And the other thing I love is how friendly people are.
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he likes the shouting. It’s a good way to get rid of stress and Campers are just very nice people!
frustrations from work. The other speaker tried judo once E: If you say so, but I’m not convinced.
but didn’t take to it. Conversation 4
G: I didn’t know you did that. Are you any good?
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2 One speaker loves it and thinks it’s relevant to the current

H: No. I’m hopeless, but I enjoy it. Why don’t you come?
G: Oh gosh! No!
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H: Why not?
Conversation 3 G: I’d feel uncomfortable. I’m OK if I’m dancing on my own – but actually
2 One speaker loves it – the fresh air, being close to nature. H: Oh, don’t worry! What’s great about this class is the fact that no one
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The other doesn’t understand why anyone would choose to takes it too seriously.
suffer the discomfort! G: I don’t know.
Conversation 4
G: Really?
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2 One is enjoying it, even though they’re hopeless at it. You’ll enjoy it.
The other thinks they’d feel uncomfortable and is a terrible G: Well, maybe then. What time does it start?
dancer, but is tempted!
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5 Focus attention on the first sentence and ask: Which

Audioscript 1.1 conversation is this from? Elicit Ss’ ideas but don’t give any
Conversation 1 answers yet. Give Ss a minute to read the sentences, then
A: So what do you do when you’re not working? play the recording again for Ss to match the sentences to the
23
B: Not that much, to be honest. The usual – TV, films, I read a bit, conversations, then check in pairs. With weaker classes, play the
though not as much as I should, I guess. Oh, and I recently started recording again if necessary, then check answers with the class.
going to a karate class a couple of times a week.
A: Really? Is that just to keep fit or so you can defend yourself or what?
Answers: a 3 b 4 c 2 d 4 e 2 f 1
good about it is it’s more than just keep fit, you know.
A: Sure.
B: And I have to say, I really, really love the shouting!
A: Yeah? You don’t seem a very shouty kind of person!
B: I’m not. But what I’ve found is it’s just a great way to get rid of all
those frustrations from work.
A: Yeah, I can see how that would work.
25
8a 1.3 Play the recording for Ss to listen and notice the
Unit 1
Teaching tip
emphasis and the weak sounds.
It can be tempting to play recordings in class several times so Ss
b Play the recording again for Ss to listen and repeat. If
get all the answers but this doesn’t reflect real-life listening. In
necessary, model the sentences yourself and break them down
class, it’s a good idea to train Ss for real-life listening by using
into smaller parts.
techniques to ensure they get as much information as they can
9 Read the example with the class and elicit how the form and
from minimal repetitions.
word order of the sentence changes. Ss rewrite the sentences
1 Make sure Ss know exactly what they’re listening for by
alone then check in pairs. Check answers with the class and write
giving them an opportunity to read the task carefully before
them on the board (or invite Ss to do so).
they listen and predict the answers (if possible).
S
2 Give Ss an opportunity to compare answers in pairs before Answers:

asking if they need to listen again. They might be able to
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1 The thing (that) I like most about going to the choir is meeting
combine their ideas and come up with a full set of answers. new people.
2 What/The thing (that) I don’t understand is how anyone can
6 Read the questions with the class, then give Ss a few minutes make a cake without eggs.
to think of examples and how they’ll answer the questions. They 3 What/The thing (that) I found difficult (about the class) was
pl
could make notes if they want to. When they are ready, put Ss in the fact that everyone was much better than me.
pairs or small groups to share their experiences. In feedback, 4 What/The thing (that) I love about hiking is being out in the
ask a few pairs or groups to share one of their experiences with countryside all day.
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the class. 5 What/The thing (that) I found frustrating was the fact that
I wasn’t really progressing.
Grammar 6 What/The thing that puts me off learning how to fly is the
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cost.
Cleft sentences
7a 1.2 Go through the pairs of sentences and elicit ideas
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about the missing words, but don’t give any answers yet. Play Grammar checkpoint
the recording for Ss to complete the sentences. Ask Ss to check in In cleft sentences which begin with The thing, sometimes we
pairs, then check answers with the class. need to include that but sometimes we can omit it. We can
er
use or omit that when The thing refers to the object of the
Answers: 1 What; is 2 What; was 3 What’s great about it is sentence, e.g. The thing (that) I hate the most about being a
4 The other thing; is 5 What’s great about; is the fact that nurse is the shift work. However, we cannot omit that when
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The thing refers to the subject of the sentence, e.g. The

b Ss discuss the question in pairs. Before checking answers, write thing that makes it all worthwhile is the job satisfaction.
this pair of sentences on the board:
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1 I really like doing gardening. 10a Demonstrate the activity first by telling the class some of
2 What I really like doing is gardening. your own answers. Give Ss plenty of time to write their sentences
Read the sentences out and try to sound more emphatic when alone. Monitor and help if necessary, writing any new vocabulary
reading the second sentence. Ask: Which sentence sounds on the board.
stronger? (2). Then elicit the answer to the question in Ex 7b. b Put Ss in pairs to share their sentences, encouraging them to
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ask follow-up questions and give more information. When they

Answer: It draws attention to something the speaker feels have finished, ask a few Ss to share anything interesting they
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strongly about. found out about their partner.
c Ss complete the examples in the grammar box alone, then Optional alternative activity
check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
rs
In Ex 10b, instead of reading out their whole sentences, ask Ss

to take turns reading out just the part they wrote. Their partner
Answers: 1 What 2 is 3 thing 4 What 5 was 6 fact listens and guesses which sentence starter it follows. They then
on
ask and answer follow-up questions to find out more information.

LANGUAGE BANK 1A pp.136–137
Further practice
Stronger classes could read the notes at home. Otherwise,
check the notes with Ss, especially the verbs we commonly Photocopiable activities: 1A Grammar 1, p153;
use in cleft sentences to show how we feel. In each exercise, 1A Grammar 2, p154
20
elicit the first answer as an example. Ss work alone to App: 1A Grammar practice 1 and 2
complete the exercises, then check their answers in pairs.
In feedback, elicit Ss’ answers and drill the questions. Ss can
refer to the notes to help them.
23
Answers:
1 1 What 2 thing 3 that/which 4 fact 5 how
6 was 7 other 8 about
2 1 like; way 2 find; variety 3 understand; why
4 amazes; amount 5 fancy; going 6 love; fact
26
Speaking Vocabulary
Unit 1
Prepare Helping people
11 Refer Ss to the activities in Ex 1a and tell them to choose two, 1 Focus attention on the photos and elicit what Ss can see. Read
imagining they do them regularly. Alternatively, they could choose through the questions with the class, then put Ss in small groups
something else they do regularly in their free time. Ask Ss to work to discuss them. When they have finished, nominate a student
alone to list positive things about the activity that they might from each group to share their ideas with the class.
use to persuade someone else to do it, then put them in pairs to 2 Focus attention on the words in the box and explain that
compare their ideas and add any more that they want to. Monitor each pair completes one sentence. With weaker classes, you
and help with ideas if necessary, writing any new vocabulary on
S
could go through the meanings of some of the items in the box

the board. first. Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs.
Check answers with the class and be prepared to explain any
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Speak new words. You could check understanding of some of the words
12 Put Ss in new A/B pairs and ask them to read the relevant by asking questions, e.g. Does a mentor give or receive support?
instructions. Go through the Useful phrases with the class, (give).
eliciting possible endings for the prompts to check
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understanding. When they are ready, pairs practise persuading. Answers: 1 mentor; expertise 2 comfort; mourning
Monitor and make notes on any common errors and examples of 3 rough; grab 4 babysit; let down 5 welcoming; rave
good language use for later feedback. When Ss finish, ask them 6 stranded; pulled over 7 down; the bill
e
to swap roles and repeat. In feedback, ask Ss if they managed 8 desperate; an apprenticeship
to persuade their partners and give Ss feedback on their use of
language as a class.
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Teaching tip
Reflection on learning When checking understanding of a word, phrase or grammar
point, it’s not very useful to ask Do you understand? or Is that
Write the following questions on the board:
at
clear? because Ss might not want to hold up the lesson or show

What were the three most useful phrases you learnt in
they don’t understand or they might think they do understand,
this lesson?
when in fact they’ve understood incorrectly. Instead, ask
In what situations might you use these in the future?
er
focused questions to check understanding.

What can you do to practise persuading someone in English
Checking questions must use simple language and be easy
in the future?
for Ss to answer. Ideally these should be yes/no or closed
Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have
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questions, e.g. (stranded) If you’re stranded, can you go where

finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the
you want? (past perfect) ‘The man was on the news. He’d
class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not.
passed out.’ Which action happened first? You can also ask for
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examples of something, e.g. (let down) How might a friend

Homework ideas let you down? In monolingual classes, you could ask for a
Language bank: 1A Ex 1–2, p137 translation, e.g. What’s ‘embarazada’ in English? (pregnant).
Workbook: Ex 1–5, p4 It’s a good idea to identify any potentially difficult words or
App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice aspects of grammar and plan focused checking questions in
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advance so that you can use them more confidently in class.

ea
Fast route: continue to Lesson 1B Vocabulary checkpoint

Extended route: go to p116 for Develop your writing Collocations, or ‘word partnerships’, are words which
commonly appear together. These are very useful for Ss to
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learn as they are more easily and quickly retrievable than

learning the individual words and then having to put them
together every time they speak. For this reason, encourage
on
Ss to learn and record collocations as single lexical units. Some

collocations are quite fixed, e.g. sleep rough and rave review,
1B Kind acts while others are more variable in what they can collocate with,
e.g. act as a mentor/guide/coach, share expertise/insight/
knowledge.
20
Introduction
3 Read the first pair of sentences in Ex 2 with the class and elicit
The goal of this lesson is for students to narrate a short story in Ss’ ideas. Ss discuss the relationships for the rest of the sentences
detail. To help them achieve this, they will learn or revise narrative
23
in pairs. Monitor and help if necessary, writing any new vocabulary

tenses and vocabulary related to helping people. on the board. When they have finished, elicit ideas and find out if
everyone agrees.
Warm up
Tell the class about the kindest person you know: why they’re Suggested answers:
kind, what things they do, something kind they’ve done recently. 1 work colleagues 2 friends 3 strangers 4 neighbours
When you finish, ask Ss to think of the kindest person they know 5 hotel owners and visitors 6 strangers 7 friends
and some examples of what they do. When they’re ready, put Ss in 8 employer and job interview candidate
small groups to share their stories.
27
Unit 1
VOCABULARY BANK 1B p156 Answers:

Help and encouragement 1 I found a man (It is a single completed action happening in
chronological order.)
These optional exercises build on the lexical set in the
2 were standing around (The past continuous is used for
vocabulary section.
actions that were in progress around the time another action
1 Give Ss a few minutes to read the text and then ask the
happened.)
class what support the writer received to get their degree.
3 he’d been lying (The past perfect continuous emphasises the
Ss match the words and phrases in bold with their meanings
period of time before the author arrived.)
alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
4 He’d passed out because of (It happened before the author
S
Answers: saw the news. The past simple suggests either it happened
a 6 b 1 c 5 d 8 e 7 f 2 g 4 h 3 i 10 j 9 during the news or that passing out was a general habit this
am
man had.)
2a Ss complete the questions alone, then check in pairs.
Check answers with the class.
Answers:
After Ex 7a, you may want to elicit Ss’ answers in order to gauge
1 schemes 2 support 3 wing 4 make 5 given 6 at
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their current level of knowledge, before they read the grammar

b Put Ss in pairs and give them a few minutes to choose four box. This will give you useful diagnostic information about what to
questions and then prepare their answers individually. When focus on more in the grammar box.
e
they are ready, they discuss the questions with their partner.
Alternatively, Ss work alone and write their answers. Fast
LANGUAGE BANK 1B pp.136–137
finishers can discuss all questions.
M

check the notes with Ss, especially the use of present tenses
Further practice when narrating. In each exercise, elicit the first answer as an
at
Photocopiable activities: 1B Vocabulary, p158 example. Ss work alone to complete the exercises, then
App: 1B Vocabulary practice 1 and 2 check their answers in pairs. In feedback, elicit Ss’ answers
and drill the questions. Ss can refer to the notes to help them.
er
Reading Answers:
1 1 was standing 2 had been shopping (OR was shopping)
4 Write bystander on the board and elicit the meaning (someone 3 were walking 4 glanced 5 had seen 6 stared
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who stands by and watches something happening without 7 hurried 8 began 9 was screaming 10 woke up
becoming involved). Focus attention on the title and elicit what 2 1a b who told me he hadn’t eaten for days.
the ‘bystander effect’ might be and how it might be connected to c so I gave him some money.
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helping people. Don’t give any answers yet. 2a as he had broken his leg. b c and (he) was panting.
5 Ss read the article again more carefully and decide if the 3a
sentences are true or false alone, then check in pairs. Check b because we hadn’t finished any of the work we’d promised.
answers with the class, eliciting why each answer is true or false. c
4a because it had been snowing for days. b c
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Answers:
1 F (They may not realise it’s an emergency.)
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8a 1.4 Write the following sentences on the board:

2 F (If others show little reaction it confirms to us there’s no 1 I’d sat down before her.
need to help.) 2 I sat down before her.
3 T (The more people there are watching, the more likely we Say both sentences quickly and naturally, then ask Ss how easy
rs
are to think someone else will help.) it is to differentiate between the two. Read the instructions for
4 T (We may be scared that our help will lead to greater Ex 8a with the class, then play the recording for Ss to listen and
problems.) pay attention to the contracted ’d. Ask if it’s easier or more difficult
on
5 T (The worst thing that happens is that there really is no to hear before a vowel sound (most likely easier).
problem.)
b Play the recording again for Ss to listen and repeat. If necessary,
6 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit model the sentences yourself, too.
answers and have a brief class discussion. 9 Ss complete the story alone, using the grammar box to help
20
them, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class. You could
invite different Ss to write them on the board.
Grammar
Narrative tenses Answers:
23
7a Focus attention on the four sentences and explain that each 1 was working 2 came 3 complimented 4 asked
one contains a mistake with the tense. Make sure Ss cover the 5 ’d bought 6 ’d been looking for 7 had (never) seen
grammar box, then ask them to read the sentences and correct 8 told 9 left 10 came 11 was waiting 12 ’d bought
each one. Don’t give any answers yet.
b Put Ss in pairs to compare ideas, then ask them to read the
grammar box carefully and check their answers. Check answers
with the class, eliciting why each sentence is wrong, feeding in
information from the answer key if necessary.
28
10 Read the examples with the class, then give Ss plenty of time
Unit 1
Reflection on learning
to complete the rest of the sentences in pairs. Monitor and help
with ideas and vocabulary if necessary, checking Ss are forming Reflection on learning
the different narrative tenses correctly. When they have finished, Write the following questions on the board:
put pairs together into groups to share ideas. In feedback, ask if Which narrative tenses do you find most difficult? Why?
any pairs thought of the same ideas. What things can you do to improve them in the future?
Further practice finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the
Photocopiable activities: 1B Grammar 1, p156; class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not.
S
1B Grammar 2, p157
App: 1B Grammar practice 1 and 2 Homework ideas
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Language bank: 1B Ex 1–2, p137

Speaking Workbook: Ex 1–5, p5
App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice
Prepare
11 1.5 The purpose of the recording is to provide a model for
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the final speaking task. Read the questions with the class so they
Fast route: continue to Lesson 1C
know what to listen for, then play the recording for Ss to answer
Extended route: go to p86 for Develop your listening
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the questions. Ask Ss to compare answers in pairs, then check

answers with the class.
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Answers:
1 at an airport/passport control (in Damascus)
2 He needed to buy a visa but couldn’t find a way to pay (he’d
at
been told previously he didn’t need one).

3 He paid for the visa because he felt it was his duty to help the 1C How annoying!
guest feel comfortable in his home country.
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Audioscript 1.5 Introduction

A: Did I tell you about the time I went to Damascus? The goal of this lesson is for students to talk about annoying
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B: No! When was that? incidents. To help them achieve this, they will learn or revise
A: I think it was 2005.
language for exaggeration and vocabulary related to work.
B: A while ago then. What happened?
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A: So my plane didn’t get in till after midnight as we’d been delayed

before take-off. I’d been travelling for over twelve hours and then I Warm up
arrived at passport control and there was this massive queue.
Write the following words on the board: angry, annoyed, furious,
B: You must’ve been pretty fed up.
A: Absolutely. So I finally got to the front of the queue and the border irritated, mad, outraged. Ask Ss to put them in order, from least to
guard took one look at my passport and said ‘Where’s your visa?’ And most angry (suggested answer: irritated, annoyed, angry, mad,
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I said I’d been told I didn’t need one. And he said that was wrong and I furious, outraged ). When they have finished, ask Ss to choose
had to buy one now. three of the adjectives and think of a time they felt that way.
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B: Oh no. So how much was it? Put Ss in pairs to share their ideas.
A: Thirty pounds, so not that much, but I didn’t have any cash on me,
and they didn’t accept cards.
B: Wasn’t there a cash machine? Reading and vocabulary
Yes, but only after the passport control! And they wouldn’t let me go,
rs
A:
so I was stranded! What’s more, my phone had died, my flight home At work
wasn’t for another ten days and I couldn’t speak the language. It was 1a Focus attention on the pictures and elicit what Ss can see.
desperate. Discuss the questions as a class.
on
B: I think I would’ve just started screaming in that situation!

A: Well, I was quite close, but then suddenly this man appeared and said
Suggested answers:
he’d overheard my conversation and offered to pay for my visa. When
A people getting on a train before giving people on it a
I said I’d pay him back, he said in this perfect English: ‘You are a guest
in my country and I have a duty to make you feel comfortable here!’ chance to get off
B someone talking loudly on a phone in a library,
20
Honestly, I was lost for words. It was just very generous.

B: Wow. That’s a great story. disturbing others
C a driver stuck in traffic (maybe the person’s in a hurry or
12 Explain that Ss are now going to tell a similar story. Focus on just bored)
23
the ideas in the box and ask Ss to choose one, then make notes D paper jammed in a photocopier
about what to say. Monitor and help if necessary, writing any new
vocabulary on the board. b Read through the list and check Ss understand each thing.
Put Ss in groups to discuss each one and agree on a ranking.
Speak When they have finished, nominate a student from each group
13 Focus attention on the Useful phrases, then put Ss in small to share their ranking with the class and find out if others agree.
groups to share their stories and respond to them. Monitor and There are no fixed answers.
make notes on Ss’ language use for later feedback. When they
have finished, ask each group to nominate their favourite story to
share with the class.
29
2 Tell the class they’re going to read about annoying things at Listening
Unit 1
work, including the items in Ex 1b. Ss read the article quickly and
answer the questions alone, then check in pairs. Check answers 6 1.7 Tell Ss that they’re going to listen to two conversations in
with the class. which people talk about things that annoy them at work. Read the
list of irritations with the class, then play the recording for them to
Answers: choose the two that are talked about. Check answers with the
1 From most to least annoying: your computer crashing, poor class.
wifi, people complaining about work, school or university,
people eating food noisily, having to sit in long, unnecessary Answers:
Conversation 1: a
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meetings, a colleague or fellow student making you look bad

2 your boss having a go at you for small mistakes, colleagues Conversation 2: d (b doesn’t fit here because the boss doesn’t
gossiping, the photocopier jamming have a go at the speakers – the boss has a go at Pat for messing
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up the catalogue)
3 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished,
elicit answers and have a brief class discussion. Audioscript 1.7
4 Elicit the first answer as an example, then ask Ss to complete Conversation 1
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the rest of the sentences alone. Ask Ss to compare answers in A: How was your day?
pairs, then check answers with the class. B: Oh, OK.
A: The course going OK?
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Answers: 1 jam 2 go 3 finger; fault 4 pointless; irritations B: Yeah. Basically, they’re happy with the content, but they’ve been
going on and on about how hot and stuffy the room is.
5 distracting; on 6 up; fellow 7 undermine 8 gadgets; smash
A: Well, that’s hardly your fault.
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B: No, of course not, but it is like an oven in that room. Seriously, we’re
5 Give Ss a few minutes to read the questions and think about all dying in there. It must be 35 degrees.
their answers, then put them in pairs to discuss. When they have A: Don’t you have air con? I thought it was a new building.
finished, ask a few Ss to share their answers with the class and B: It is, but they didn’t install air con because of the energy use …
at
find out if others agree. A: Er, OK.

B: Yeah. I mean, I guess they are right. It’s not very green.
A: Hmm, I suppose.
Suggested answers:
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B: Anyway, instead, they have this supposedly super-efficient air

1 a customer might have a go at a shop assistant if they can’t
filtering system …
get a refund or a discount; a teacher might have a go at a A: Right.
student because they’re behaving badly B: Which just doesn’t seem to work!
ia
2 smartphones, laptops, air conditioning, coffee machine, printer, A: Fantastic! I bet they spent thousands on it, too.
photocopier, water cooler, heaters; they could break down B: Probably.
3 failing an exam or not getting the job you applied for; one Conversation 2
l©
team member getting special treatment A: Hiya. How’s it going?

4 people coming in and out of the room you’re in, music, B: Don’t ask!
A: Oh dear. What’s up?
police sirens
B: Oh, nothing major. I’ve just had one of those mornings. I’m getting
5 windows, glasses, screens; accidentally or on purpose over it.
A: Oh right. What happened?
P
B: Well, I actually left earlier this morning to prepare for a meeting, but
VOCABULARY BANK 1C p156
I waited ages and ages for the bus to come and then it just took
ea
Word building: negatives hours to get here.

These optional exercises build on the lexical set in the A: Yeah. I don’t know what was going on this morning!
vocabulary section. B: … so I actually ended up being a bit late … so I was rushing around like
mad to get everything done. And then, of course, I was copying the
1 Ss match the affixes to the groups of words alone, then
rs
stuff and it kept jamming with paper …

check in pairs. Check answers with the class. A: Oh man! That copier! I wish they’d do something about that.
B: I know! So then I had to use a machine miles away, up on the sixth floor.
Answers: 1 -less 2 dis- 3 un- 4 ir- 5 im- 6 in-
A: Oh dear. Poor you!
on
2 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. B: No wait, wait! This is the best bit. When I walked into the meeting,
Check answers with the class. they were all already sitting there. And what do you think they had in
front of them … ?
Answers: 1 unequal 2 unrealistic 3 meaningless A: What?
4 hopeless 5 irrelevant 6 irrational 7 disrespectful B: Basically, all the stuff I’d spent the last half hour madly copying.
20
A: No!
8 insecure 9 immoral 10 impatient
B: Yeah! Pat had printed it all out, despite me telling him I was going to
3 Ss write their sentences alone. Monitor and help if do it. And he was like ‘Oh, I was just trying to help’. Honestly, that guy
necessary, writing any new vocabulary on the board. Fast just has a way of undermining people.
23
A: I know.
finishers can choose more than five words. When they have
B: Seriously, I could’ve killed him!
finished, put Ss in pairs to share their sentences and find out A: I bet.
if they have anything in common. B: Still, the boss did have a go at him later for messing up the catalogue.
A: Oh yeah. I heard about that!
Further practice B: Apparently, they’re going to have to reprint the whole lot.
A: Oh dear. I’m surprised he didn’t try to point the finger at someone
Photocopiable activities: 1C Vocabulary, p161 else, though.
App: 1C Vocabulary practice 1 and 2 B: He did, kind of, but it was clearly him who was at fault, so …
A: Well, fair enough then. Anyway, you’re feeling a bit better now?
B: Yeah – a lot calmer. I went out and took a few deep breaths in the
coffee break.
30
7 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. When they
Unit 1
Further practice
are ready, play the recording again for Ss to check their answers.
Photocopiable activities: 1C Language focus 1, p159;
1C Language focus 2, p160
Answers: 1 on and on 2 like an oven; all dying
App: 1C Language focus practice 1 and 2
3 super-efficient 4 spent thousands on 5 ages and ages
6 like mad 7 could’ve killed him
Speaking
Language focus Prepare
S
Exaggeration 11 Demonstrate by telling the class about two things you

8a Give Ss a few minutes to read the language focus box. Elicit find annoying (e.g. drivers not indicating, people standing too
am
which category the first sentence in Ex 7 goes in. Ask Ss to match close to you in queues). Give Ss plenty of time to make notes on
the other sentences from Ex 7 with the categories alone, then things they find annoying and reasons why. Monitor and help if
check in pairs. Check answers with the class. necessary, writing any new vocabulary on the board.
Answers: A 3, 4 B 1, 5 C 2, 6 D 2, 7 Speak
pl
12a Focus attention on the Useful phrases, then put Ss in small

groups to share their irritations and give examples. Encourage
LANGUAGE BANK 1C pp.136–137 Ss who are listening to find out more information and say if they
e
Stronger classes could read the notes at home. Otherwise, find the same things annoying. Monitor and make notes on Ss’
check the notes with Ss. In each exercise, elicit the first language use for later feedback.
answer as an example. Ss work alone to complete the exercises, b Ss decide who had the most interesting experience in their
M
then check their answers in pairs. In feedback, elicit Ss’ answers groups, then share this with the class. Find out if anyone in the
and drill the questions. Ss can refer to the notes to help them. class has shared the same irritation. Give Ss feedback on their use
of language as a class.
at
Answers:
1 1e 2d 3c 4f 5a 6b
2 1 dying 2 died 3 killing 4 murder 5 die 6 death Optional extra activity
er
After Ex 12b, groups could decide which irritating thing they’d

b Put Ss in pairs to discuss if they exaggerate in the same way most like to get rid of in the world. Tell the class that you’re going
in their language(s) and to think of examples. Have a brief class to grant one wish by removing one irritating thing from the world
discussion and elicit a few examples. forever. Each group presents their irritating thing to the class,
ia
9a 1.8 Play the recording for Ss to listen and pay attention to giving reasons why our lives would be better without it. When
the stressed words, modelling them yourself if necessary. they have finished, hold a class vote on which thing should be
l©
b Play the recording again for Ss to listen and repeat. removed from the world.
Pronunciation checkpoint Reflection on learning

When we exaggerate, as well as stressing the introductory Write the following questions on the board:
adverb to add effect, we can also pause after the adverb,
What was the most interesting thing in today’s lesson?
P
then stress numbers, repeated words and dramatic words,

In what other situations might you use the language you
e.g. Seriously, I’ve told him a thousand times; Honestly, we
learnt today?
ea
waited for hours and hours; Honestly, I almost died in there!

We also tend to use very animated intonation with a wide
range of tones.
rs
10a Read the examples with the class, then ask Ss to write one
or more examples for the rest of the sentences. Fast finishers Homework ideas
could write more examples. Monitor and check Ss are forming the Language bank: 1C Ex 1–2, p137
on
sentences correctly. Workbook: Ex 1–6, p6

b Put Ss in pairs to compare their examples and choose which App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice
they like best and say why. When they have finished, ask Ss to
share their favourites with the class.
20
Fast route: continue to Lesson 1D

Suggested answers:
Extended route: go to p96 for Develop your reading
1 Honestly, he asks me something every ten seconds. He’s
constantly chewing or eating something. Seriously, he’s like a
23
cow or something.
2 I nearly died of boredom in there. It seemed to go on for ever
and ever.
3 Honestly, it’s like an oven there. Seriously, we’re going to die
in there if they don’t do something about the air con.
4 We need one that doesn’t jam every ten seconds. Seriously,
this one is like something from the time of the dinosaurs. I’d
kill for new one, I really would.
5 Honestly, I wanted to kill him. I’d spent hours and hours
working on all of that.
6 He’s working us into the ground. He makes us work like slaves.
31
Listening 1
Unit 1
1D English in action 5 1.9 Tell Ss they are going to listen to three people trying to
resolve a dispute. Read the questions with the class so they know
what to listen for, then play the recording for Ss to write their
Introduction answers. Ss compare answers in pairs. Play the recording again if
The goal of this lesson is for students to practise negotiating necessary, then check answers with the class.
solutions to disputes. To help them achieve this, they will
learn phrases for seeking compromise, expressing annoyance, Answers:
apologising and dealing with anger and vocabulary related to 1 at a boarding gate
S
fights and disputes. 2 they can’t take the flight

3 it was overbooked and everyone turned up – they were last
am
to check in
Warm up
4 they get seats in first class
Distribute or project the following statements:
When negotiating, you should always ask for more than you Audioscript 1.9
expect to get.
pl
A: Sorry. Would you mind waiting one moment? I just need to check your
When you’re trying to resolve a dispute, it’s important not to raise
booking.
your voice. B: Is there a problem of some kind?
e
Avoiding disputes is just storing up trouble for the future. A: If you’d just wait for me to check on the system. Right. Yes. Um, so, I’m
During a dispute, it’s important to acknowledge how others are afraid that this flight’s actually overbooked and so you’re not going to
feeling. be able to board …
M
Sometimes it’s just impossible to reach a compromise. If one side B: No. There must be some mistake. Look. We’ve got tickets. We’ve
wins, the other loses. checked in online. We’re on time.
A: Right. Um, yes, I know, but we are overbooked and so …
Put Ss in small groups to discuss how true they think each
at
C: With all due respect, that’s your problem. Not ours. We simply have to
statement is. When they have finished, nominate a student from get this flight. We have an important meeting in Marseille tomorrow
each group to share their ideas with the class and have a brief morning. Missing it’s not an option.
class discussion. A: I’m awfully sorry about all of this and obviously if it were up to me …
er
B: So can we talk to whoever’s in charge here?

A: I’m afraid that’s not possible. And I am going to have to ask you to go
Vocabulary back through passport control and talk to our staff in the check-in
section over there. They should be able to get you on the first flight
ia
Fights and disputes out tomorrow.

1 Focus attention on the photos and elicit what Ss can see. Ss B: Tomorrow? You’ve got to be kidding me!
discuss the question in pairs. When they have finished, elicit a few C: Listen. I understand that this may not be down to you, but this is
l©
Ss’ ideas and find out if the rest of the class agree. totally unacceptable.
A: I do understand that you might be upset …
2 Elicit other types of arguments or disputes, then focus
C: Too right I’m upset! This is outrageous!
attention on the box and see if any of their ideas are included
A: … but could you please not raise your voice at me? I’m just doing my
there. Ss match the situations with the comments alone then job.
check in pairs. Check answers with the class. C: If this is you just doing your job, I’m going to livestream you so your
P
customers can see how your company treats its frequent flyers.
Answers: 1 a workplace dispute 2 a row between friends Look. There you go. How do you like that?
ea
3 mediating in a dispute 4 a dispute between neighbours B: I’m not sure that’s helping, Ken, to be honest. Probably best to put
that away.
5 a domestic dispute 6 a pay dispute
A: You’re really not making this any easier, sir. If you could just try and
calm down a bit.
3 Elicit the first answer as an example, then ask Ss to replace the
rs
C: OK. OK. I’ll turn it off, but seriously! Is there really nothing you can do?
words in italics in the other sentences with some of the words B: Well, exactly. I mean, there must be some way we can reach a
and phrases in bold in Ex 2. Clarify that Ss may need to change the compromise here, surely.
form of some of the words. Ask Ss to compare ideas in pairs, then A: Well, what happens is the company often overbooks as there are
on
check answers with the class. usually no-shows, people just don’t turn up for the flights, but this
time everyone’s made it and you were the last people in economy to
check in and so …
Answers: 1 compromises 2 escalated; came to blows
B: What about the first-class seats?
3 side with 4 kicked out 5 quarrel 6 an ongoing dispute A: I’d imagine those are also all taken, but I can check for you, if you
20
want.
4 Ss select and discuss three of the questions in Ex 3 in pairs. B: If you wouldn’t mind.
Encourage pairs to ask follow-up questions and give more detail A: Ah, OK. Well, that’s good. What seems to have happened is that those
where possible. Stronger classes can discuss more than three seats have been logged under a different system and we do have
three seats available there.
23
questions. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ ideas and have a
B: Well, would it be possible to put us in two of them?
brief class discussion.
A: That shouldn’t be a problem. Just a second.
C: Sorry if I came across as being a bit aggressive there, by the way.
That really wasn’t my intention.
A: These things happen, and as I said, I am only doing my job. Anyway,
good news …
32
6 Give Ss a minute to read through the sentences and try to Listening 2
Unit 1
complete them from memory. Play the recording for Ss to listen
and complete the sentences, then check in pairs. Check answers 10 1.12 Give Ss a minute to read the sentences so they know
with the class and write them on the board (or invite Ss to do so). what to listen for. Play the recording for Ss to listen and decide
if the sentences are true or false, then check in pairs. Play the
Answers: 1 due respect 2 it were up 3 in charge recording again if necessary, then check answers with the class.
4 totally unacceptable 5 raise your voice 6 calm down
7 reach a compromise Answers: 1 F 2 F 3 T 4 F 5 F 6 T 7 F 8 T
7 Focus attention on the four sections of the Useful phrases

S
Audioscript 1.12
box. Read the first sentence in Ex 6 with the class and ask: What A: Hi there. How can I help?
is the person doing? Which section does it go in? (Expressing
am
B: Oh yes. Hello. We’re here to pick up a car we booked online. I’ve got all
annoyance). Ss work in pairs to add the rest of the sentences to the details here.
the Useful phrases box. When they have finished, check answers A: OK. Let me just have a look at your booking. Yes. OK. So it’s a saloon
with the class. car, with one child seat, for ten days. Right?
B: That’s it.
A: OK. Can I just make a quick copy of your driving licence, please?
pl
Answers: a 3 b 7 c 1 d 4 e 2 f 5 g 6
B: Sure. Here’s mine … and here’s my husband’s, as he’ll be doing most
of the driving.
8a 1.10 Read the information box with the class and answer A: Ah. Um, I’ve actually only got you down as the designated driver, I’m
e
any questions Ss have. Ss listen to the sentences, paying attention afraid.

to the auxiliary verbs. B: No. There must’ve been a mistake. I’m absolutely positive I put both
names down.
M
Audioscript 1.10 A: I’ll just have another look, in case I’ve missed something. No. He’s
1 I do understand that you might be upset. definitely not listed.
2 I am only doing my job. C: Well, can you put my name down now?
at
A: I can, obviously, but that’d be another hundred euros over the ten
days, I’m afraid.
C: A hundred euros? You’ve got to be joking!
Pronunciation checkpoint
A: I really am terribly sorry about this.
er
Ss may be tempted to say I am afraid but point out that we C: This is a joke. It’s just another way of getting more money out of us.
don’t do it here because the verb be here is the main verb of It’s outrageous!
the clause, not an auxiliary and also because I’m afraid is a A: I understand you might be upset, but could you please not shout at
me, sir? I’m just doing my job.
ia
fixed phrase.
C: Yeah! Right!
A: There’s no point getting angry, is there? That’s not going to get
b Play the recording again for Ss to listen and repeat, copying the anything sorted out.
l©
stress and intonation. C: No. You’re right. Sorry. That was rude of me. It’s been a long day. We’re
9a Ss practise saying the sentences more forcefully in pairs. In all a bit tired – and we still have a long drive ahead of us.
feedback, ask a different student to read each sentence, stressing A: I understand. And as I said, I really am sorry. So would you like me to
or adding an auxiliary. go ahead and add you?
B: You’re going to have to, yes. I really don’t fancy doing all the driving on
b 1.11 Play the recording for Ss to listen and check their
my own.
P
answers, then play the recording again, pausing after each A: OK. So, I am going to have to charge you an extra hundred euros. Are
sentence for Ss to repeat. you paying by card?
ea
C: I guess so. Is there any way we can maybe reach a compromise here,
Audioscript 1.11 though? I mean, given that we don’t know who’s at fault, could you
1 I’m afraid I am going to need to see some ID. maybe throw in a sat nav as part of the deal? Like a GPS?
2 I did talk to someone about this last week on the phone. A: I think I should be able to. One minute. I’ll just need to see what’s
rs
3 I am going to have to ask you to leave, I’m afraid. available. Yes. That’s OK.
4 You are going to need to come back tomorrow, I’m afraid. B: Oh, well. That’s something, I suppose.
5 I do want to sort this out, but you’re not making it easy. A: I’ll just process your payment and then I’ll sort you out with your keys.
I have warned you about this twice now. C: Thank you. I appreciate it.
on
6
7 You really do have to return the keys today.
8 We are going to pay, but only once everything’s sorted.
11 Explain that the differences are in terms of the language
used, not factual differences. Play the recording again for Ss to
listen and correct the mistakes, then check in pairs. Check answers
20
with the class.
Answers:
1 There must’ve been a mistake. I’m absolutely positive I put
23
both names down.

2 You’ve got to be joking!
3 I really am terribly sorry about this.
4 I understand you might be upset, but could you please not
shout at me, sir.
5 I am going to have to charge you an extra 100 euros.
12 Ss discuss the questions in groups. When they have finished,

elicit Ss’ ideas and have a class discussion.
33
Speaking
Unit 1
13a Put Ss in A/B pairs. Direct Ss to the relevant pages to read

their instructions and plan what to say. Monitor and help with
vocabulary and ideas if necessary.
b Pairs roleplay their conversations, using the Useful phrases
Introduction
in Ex 7 to help. Monitor and make notes on Ss’ language use for Students develop the skill of writing a report by learning how to
later feedback. When they have finished, ask each pair if they change the register of spoken information.
successfully resolved their dispute, then give Ss feedback on their
S
use of language. If you have time, Ss could swap roles and repeat. Warm up
am
Have you ever written a report? What was it for?
For what reasons do people write reports?
What was the most useful phrase you learnt in today’s lesson?
Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have finished,
In what other situations might you use the language of today’s
elicit a few answers and have a brief class discussion.
lesson in the future?
pl
Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have 1 Write work to live or live to work on the board and check
finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the understanding (work to live = working so that you can have a
class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not. better life; live to work = your life centres around your work).
e
Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit

Homework ideas Ss’ ideas and have a brief class discussion.
M
2a Explain that the information in the texts is about the

Reflection on learning: Write your answers.
possibility of a four-day working week. Give Ss a few minutes to
Workbook: Ex 1–5, p7
read them quickly and note down the arguments for and against.
at

Don’t give any answers yet.
Roadmap video b Ss compare their lists in pairs and discuss the information in
the texts. Check the answer to Ex 2a with the class and write
er
Go online for the Roadmap video and worksheet.

the arguments in note form on the board in two columns – for
and against. Elicit which information the Ss found interesting or
surprising.
ia
Answers:
For:
l©
leads to an increase in productivity

staff have more energy and focus
most staff (and customers) in favour of the idea
less time and money spent on recruitment and training
lower staff turnover
P
fewer sick days

Against:
ea
increased productivity may not last

might not suit customers
3 Give Ss a few minutes to read the report quickly and decide if

rs
it’s for or against a four-day working week. Check the answer with
the class.
on
Answer:
for – as a limited trial; it is stated in the Conclusions and
recommendations section.
4 Go through the list of features with the class, checking

20
understanding of each one. Ss read the report again and tick the
features that it includes, then check in pairs. Check the answer
with the class.
23
Answer:
All the features apply except informal language, frequent use of
I and we and contractions such as won’t and wouldn’t.
34
5a Explain that the information in bold in the report relates back
Unit 1
to the source texts in Ex 2. Look at the example with the class, 1B Develop your listening
then ask Ss to match the rest of the information alone.
b Ss check ideas in pairs, discussing how the source information
has been changed in the report. Check answers with the class.
Introduction
Answers: 1 C 2 A 3 E 4 F 5 B 6 D 7 G Students develop the listening skill of understanding informal
discussions by learning how to identify rhetorical questions.
6a Give Ss a minute to read the Focus box and ask any questions
S
they might have. Ss then find another example of where the Warm up
register is changed, then check in pairs. Check the answer with
Write on the board: Kindness is … and give Ss an example of
am
the class.
how to complete the sentence (e.g. giving someone your last
chocolate). Put Ss in pairs to think of other ways to complete it.
Answer:
When they are ready, ask each pair to read out their sentences and
Text G: I love the idea! I’d have time to do more outdoor pursuits
hold a class vote to decide on the best one.
and to switch off from work. It would really make me more
pl
motivated in my work. 1a Focus attention on the photos, then put Ss in pairs to describe
= Some staff commented that the increase in free time would what’s happening in each one. When they have finished, elicit
increase their desire to work. their ideas and find out if other Ss agree.
e
b Give Ss a few minutes to think of ideas, then put them in pairs

b Focus attention on the first statement and elicit possible ways to answer the questions. Have a brief class discussion.
in which it can be expressed. Ss rewrite the information alone,
M
2 1.6 Tell Ss they’re going to listen to four discussions about

then check in pairs. In feedback, elicit Ss’ ideas and write them on
good deeds. Play the recording for Ss to listen and note down the
the board (or invite Ss to do so).
good deeds. Ask Ss to compare ideas in pairs, then check answers
at
with the class.

Suggested answers:
1 Some staff indicated/suggested that a four-day working
Answers:
week would allow them to take up new pastimes and become
er
1 He picked up rubbish that wasn’t his.

healthier.
2 She tried to help a new colleague who was feeling down.
2 Some members of the management team expressed doubt
3 She rescued a rabbit that had been abandoned.
that the idea would work.
ia
4 He paid for a woman’s shopping when she couldn’t find her

3 Certain customers were concerned about whether customer
purse.
service standards could be maintained.
l©
Audioscript 1.6
Prepare
7 Before they read the information, have a brief class discussion Discussion 1
A: Beautiful countryside.
about the possible consequences of getting rid of all exams
B: Yep, stunning.
at university. Then give Ss a few minutes to read the source A: Oh, I hate it when people do that.
information and make a list of the arguments for and against, as
P
B: Do what?
they did in Ex 2. Ss then compare information in pairs. A: Dump their rubbish at the side of the road. Look someone’s left their
rubbish there. … Hey, what are you doing? Why are you stopping?
ea
Write B: Just got to pull over for a moment.

8a Ask Ss to write a first draft of their report, using the source A: What on earth are you doing?
B: Just hold tight a minute. Stop panicking!
information in Ex 7, the checklist in Ex 4 and the verbs in the
A: What on earth?
Focus box. They can also use their own ideas. Remind them to
rs
B: I hate it when people do that, too.

include their recommendation in the final paragraph, based on the A: Do what?
information used. B: Dump their rubbish at the side of the road. I just had to pick it up.
A: You stopped to pick up rubbish! Why?
on
b Ask Ss to exchange drafts and review each other’s work,

checking they’ve included all the relevant features in Ex 4 and B: What’s wrong with picking up rubbish?
A: Well … nothing, it’s just … I mean … it’s not … it’s not …
providing suggestions for improvement.
B: It’s not my job?
9 Ss use their partner’s feedback to write a second draft, either in A: Exactly! It’s not your job.
class or for homework. B: So, who’s going to pick it up then?
20
A: Well, I don’t know but …

Homework ideas B: The problem with you, Steve, is that you like complaining but you
don’t like doing something about it.
Ex 9: Write a second draft of your report.
A: Oh, so it’s my fault now, is it?
Workbook: Ex 1–6, pp.10–11
23
B: That’s not what I’m saying. What I’m saying is there’s no reason …
Discussion 2
A: Anyway, what were you talking to our new colleague about?
B: Who? Lisette?
A: Is that her name? The intern. The one with the curly brown hair?
B: Oh, yeah, that’s Lisette. She’s not an intern, she’s doing an
apprenticeship here. She seemed a bit lonely so I wanted to talk to
her and find out if everything was all right.
A: That’s nice of you.
B: I know. I’m nice like that.
A: Sometimes.
B: Hey, watch it!
35
A: Anyway, was it? A: No, I paid for her shopping for her.
Unit 1
B: Was it what? B: Are you serious?

A: Was it all right – everything? A: Yeah, I’m serious.
B: With Lisette? Oh, no, not really. She was feeling a bit down because, B: But how do you know it wasn’t a scam? Maybe she does that every
you know, she’s reporting in to Rowan who’s got her photocopying time she goes shopping.
and boring stuff like that. A: Maybe she does, but I don’t think so. I mean she seemed genuine
A: She’s an apprentice. What does she expect? to me.
B: Yeah, but it’s not very nice, is it? I mean she’s not learning anything B: How much was it?
and she’d been promised something a bit more interesting. She’d A: It was just over thirty euros.
been told she’d have a mentor and stuff like that, but none of it has B: Wow. How nice are you?
happened so she’s feeling a bit … let down. A: I know, right! I gave her my number so she can pay me back.
S
A: So what did you do? B: So will she pay you back?

B: I had a quiet word with the boss on her behalf. A: Who knows? It’s not the end of the world if she doesn’t.
am
A: That was nice of you … again! Why did you do that? B: Wow, I’m impressed, but I’ve also got to go. So this one’s on me, yeah?
B: I just wanted to help I guess. It’s not that strange is it? A: Oh, thanks very much.
A: What did the boss say? B: Only, I think I’ve forgotten my purse so …
B: He said he’d sort it out. A: What are you like!
A: And is he going to sort it out?
B: How should I know? But I’ve done my bit.
pl
A: Well, I hope you’re going to help me next time I’m feeling a bit down! 3 Tell Ss to read the questions so that they know what to listen
B: Depends. What are you going to pay me? for. Stronger classes could try to answer the questions from
memory before listening again. Ss listen again and answer the
e
Discusson 3
A: What was that I saw online – you posted something about finding a questions, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
rabbit? Or am I imagining things?
B: Not exactly. I found this rabbit in the park on the way to work and … Answers:
M
A: A rabbit in the park? What was it doing? Just sitting there? 1 by the side of the road in the countryside
B: Well yes. And that was what was so strange. It looked really well 2 He likes complaining but he doesn’t like doing anything
cared for, I mean, it wasn’t a wild rabbit or anything, and it just
at
about it.
seemed to be abandoned there.
A: It probably was abandoned there. 3 She was doing boring jobs such as photocopying.
B: I guess so. Someone must have had it as a pet and then got bored 4 She talked to the boss.
5 because he was worried that a fox would get the rabbit if he
er
and left it there.

A: So cruel! So what did you do? left it there
B: Well, it was a bit of a dilemma because I was late for a meeting but if 6 to a rabbit rescue centre
I’d left it there then a fox would have got it soon enough, there are
7 She couldn’t find her purse.
ia
loads of foxes around here, so in the end I picked it up and took it

8 He paid for her shopping.
home.
A: You took it home? Are you mad?
4a Ss discuss the questions in pairs. Don’t give any answers yet.
l©
B: Maybe!
A: And your meeting? b Give Ss a few minutes to read the Focus box and check their
B: I cancelled it. I just felt like I had no option. ideas, then check answers with the class and answer any
A: Wow! And then what?
questions Ss have about identifying rhetorical questions.
B: Well I checked online and found a rabbit rescue service and I took it
there.
Answers: Discussion 2; The second question is a rhetorical
P
A: You hero.
B: I know, right. The woman at the rabbit rescue service said they get question which doesn’t expect an answer.
four or five rabbits like that every week.
ea
A: Wow. 5a Ss complete the extracts with the rhetorical questions alone,

B: So I gave her a donation as well. then check in pairs. Don’t give any answers yet.
A: You gave her a donation? How much?
b Play the recording again for Ss to listen and check their
B: Twenty pounds.
rs
A: So you rescued the rabbit and then paid twenty pounds to the rabbit answers. Check answers with the class.
rescue service.
B: Pretty much, yeah. Answers: 1 d 2 b 3 c 4 f 5 a 6 e
on
A: Are you feeling all right?

B: I’m feeling fine, actually. Maybe more than fine. It’s nice to make a 6 Elicit a possible response to the first sentence as an example.
difference. Ss practise responding with rhetorical questions in pairs. Repeat
A: I’m really starting to worry about you. I mean this is not the first …
so both students in the pair respond to all the sentences. When
Discussion 4 they have finished, ask a few pairs to show the class how they
20
A: Oh, yeah, did I tell you what happened to me this morning in the
responded.
shop?
B: No? What?
A: So I was queuing at the checkout and there was this woman in front Suggested answers:
of me with her baby and the checkout guy was scanning her stuff 1 Are you mad? 2 Why wouldn’t I? 3 Who knows?
23
and she was putting it in her bags, you know, so far so normal … 4 Are you surprised?
B: This is a fascinating story!
A: It gets better. So anyway, when she came to pay she realised that she 7 Put Ss in small groups to discuss the questions. When they
didn’t have her purse! have finished, nominate a student from each group to share their
B: Oh no!
experiences and ideas with the class.
A: And she was looking everywhere for it but she couldn’t find it and
she was starting to get desperate, you know, the baby started crying
Homework ideas
and …
B: What did the checkout guy do? Workbook: Ex 1–4, p10
A: What could he do? He wasn’t going to pay it himself.
B: Yeah, nothing I guess. So, did she have to leave it all?
36
6 Elicit the first answer as an example, then ask Ss to choose the
Unit 1
1C Develop your reading correct alternatives to complete the remaining extracts alone,
then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
Answers: 1 concurs 2 sees it differently 3 Similarly

Introduction 4 However 5 Not so fast
Students develop the reading skill of understanding newspaper
and magazine articles by learning how to recognise similarities 7 Ss find the words and phrases in the article alone and then
and differences between opinions. check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
S
Warm up Answers: 1 actively 2 do more harm than good

3 remain in favour 4 build a bond 5 a big no 6 have a go
am
Write the following questions on the board: 7 get them going 8 have a quiet word
What do you usually have for lunch in the week?
Do you prefer to have a large meal at lunchtime or in the evening? 8 Put Ss in pairs to come up with their rules. Monitor and help,
How long do you have for lunch when you’re at work writing any new vocabulary on the board. When they have
(or school or college)?
pl
finished, ask each pair to present their rules to the class and find
Do you make your own lunch, does someone make it for you or out if other Ss agree.
do you buy it?
e
Ss discuss the questions in small groups. Optional extra activity

Ss could come up with a set of similar rules for their English school
1a Focus attention on the photos and elicit what Ss can see
or class, then present them to the class to find out if others agree.
M
in each one. Ss discuss the question in pairs. When they have

finished, elicit answers and ask Ss if they can think of any other Homework ideas
similar annoyances at work or in a library.
at

b Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished,
elicit Ss’ answers and have a brief class discussion.
2 Write the title of the article on the board and elicit what it
er
means (eating at your desk, a play on eating al fresco, which

means eating outside). Ss read the text and make notes of the
reasons alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
ia
Answers:
1 the smell of the food; it stops people socialising over lunch
l©
2 the more rules you have the less happy people are
3 it can be distracting or noisy or smelly
4 some people spend too much time making tea and coffee and
chatting
P
3 Ss read the article again more carefully and answer the

questions alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
ea
Answers:
1 taking a proper break
2 Workers become less happy.
rs
3 She didn’t like it and fought against it.

4 They will feel fine about it and won’t complain.
5 noisy or smelly ones
on
6 have a go at you
4 Give Ss a few minutes to read the Focus box and ask any
questions they have, then ask them to categorise the phrases in
bold in the text. Check answers with the class.
20
Answers: 1 similar 2 different 3 different 4 different

5 different 6 similar 7 similar 8 different
23
5 Ss decide if the sentences are true or false alone, then check in

pairs. Check answers with the class.
Answers: 1 T 2 F 3 F 4 F 5 F 6 T 7 T 8 F
37
2A On the mend
2 OVERVIEW
Introduction
The goal of this lesson is for students to talk about recovery.
To help them achieve this, they will learn or revise the future in
the past and vocabulary related to injuries and illnesses.
2A On the mend
S
Goal | talk about recovery

Grammar | the future in the past Warm up
am
Vocabulary | injuries and illnesses Write on the board: Health and safety. Put Ss in pairs to discuss
GSE learning objective what things they do at home and at work or school to ensure their
Can talk about personal experiences in detail using linguistically
own and others’ health and safety. When they have finished, ask a
complex language
few Ss to share their ideas with the class.
2B A good cause
pl
Goal | present a case

Grammar | double comparatives
Vocabulary
Vocabulary | charities Injuries and illnesses
e
GSE learning objective 1 Focus attention on the photos and elicit what Ss can see. Write
Can present factual information in an objective way in on the board: injuries and illnesses and elicit what the difference is
extended spoken discourse
M
(injury = physical damage to your body from an accident or attack;

2C Regeneration illness = a disease of the body or mind, which is not always visible).
Goal | make suggestions about new uses for old buildings Put Ss in pairs to discuss possible injuries and illnesses the people
at
Language focus | negative questions in the photos might face and how they could prevent or overcome
Vocabulary | urban changes them. When they have finished, elicit ideas and have a brief class
GSE learning objective discussion.
er
Can describe places in detail using linguistically complex

language Suggested answers:
Check and reflect A stockbroker – stress; burn out; repetitive strains or back/
ia
Review exercises and communicative activities to practise the spinal problems from deskwork; Prevent or overcome by
grammar and vocabulary from Units 1 and 2. doing exercises, taking regular breaks, going on holidays
B fisherman – fall in the water; strain/pull a muscle;
Roadmap video
l©
hypothermia; disease from the fish; Prevent or overcome by

wearing safety gear and well-insulated clothing during cold
seasons
VOCABULARY BANK C gardener – rash from chemicals; back/spinal injury from
2B Word building: noun formation digging; muscle strains; Prevent or overcome by stretching
P
regularly, wearing protective gloves

2C Buildings, places, structures D skier – strain/pull a muscle; break a leg; get bruised; Prevent
ea
or overcome by wearing safety gear, getting proper training

DEVELOP YOUR SKILLS E motorbike delivery person – traffic accidents; Prevent or
overcome by observing traffic rules, wearing helmet
2A Develop your reading
F lab worker – burnt or poisoned by chemicals; cuts and bruises
Goal | understand intended meaning in a blog
rs
from machinery or equipment; Prevent or overcome by

Focus | recognising positive and negative connotations of
attending training sessions, wearing protective gear
words
on

2 Ss match the problems with the results alone, then check in
Can understand the positive and negative connotations of
words that have similar meanings pairs. With weaker classes, you could go through the
meanings of the words and phrases in bold first. Check answers
2B Develop your writing with the class.
Goal | write an email to build rapport
20
Focus | building rapport with an email recipient Answers: 1 g 2 a 3 e 4 b 5 h 6 d 7 f 8 c

Can write clear and precise emails intended to create rapport
and put the addressee at ease Vocabulary checkpoint
23
Black and blue means it’s bruised, which you may also want
2C Develop your listening
to teach here (= when the skin goes blue or purple after
Goal | understand disagreement in a radio interview
Focus | recognising how modifiers can express disagreement
an injury because of bleeding under the skin). You may also
want to mention that bump collocates most frequently
Can outline the main points in a disagreement with reasonable with head.
precision and explain the positions of the parties involved
3 Before Ss start this activity, you may want to pre-teach some of
the vocabulary in the suggested answers below. Ss discuss ways
to deal with the problems in pairs. When they have finished, elicit
answers from a few pairs and have a brief class discussion.
38
5 I work for a bank, which is incredibly pressured. I hardly ever take
Unit 2
Suggested answers:
time off and I usually try and work through any illness. But a while
1 stop using the cream, ask for a different cream (Ss may know ago this horrible bug went round the office and it was so bad I just
of alternative solutions) couldn’t go in. I had terrible sharp stomach pains, fever, vomiting, the
2 go to hospital and have a head scan, wait with someone, rest works. But the worst part of it for me was that I came down with it
3 rest, drink lots of fluids the day before I was due to go to Barbados for a holiday. So instead of
4 rest, apply an ice pack, physiotherapy, pain killers relaxing for a week on the beach I was laid up at home in bed. And at
5 physiotherapy, back support, crutches or wheelchair the end of my supposed holiday, the bug went as quickly as it’d come.
I went to bed on the Saturday night all sweaty and sick, but woke up
6 transplant, dialysis (in terms of finding a donor, maybe a
the next morning feeling fresh as a daisy – just in time to go back to
request on social media) work the next day!
S
7 use cream, apply an ice pack, rest

8 physiotherapy, pain killers
b Ss compare notes in pairs, then rank the injuries and illnesses in
am
4 Ask Ss if they know of anyone who made an amazing recovery order of seriousness. When they have finished, elicit ideas and find
from an illness or injury and/or tell the class about anyone you out if others agree.
know who has. Stronger classes could cover the words in Ex 2
Suggested notes:
and try to complete the story, only looking back at the words in
pl
1 strained muscle – sports injury

bold if they need to. Ss complete the story alone, then check in
2 multiple injuries in a car accident – risk of not walking
3 liver failure – risk of dying
e
Answers: 1 and blue 2 strained 3 out of action 4 swollen 4 bashed head – lost memory
5 limp 6 vomiting 7 transplant 5 stomach bug – one week in bed, lost holiday
Suggested ranking:
M
Further practice 1 liver failure (Speaker 3)

2 car accident (Speaker 2)
Photocopiable activities: 2A Vocabulary, p164
at
3 bashed head (Speaker 4)

App: 2A Vocabulary practice 1 and 2
4 stomach bug (Speaker 5)
5 strained muscle (Speaker 1)
er
Listening
6a Give Ss a minute to read through the notes, then play the
5a Explain that Ss are going to listen to five people
2.1 recording again for them to listen and make further notes.
talking about recoveries. Play the recording for Ss to listen and b Put Ss in pairs to compare ideas, then elicit answers from
ia
take notes about the injuries and illnesses they had. the class.
Audioscript 2.1
l©
Suggested answers:
1 My daughter’s completely football-mad. She plays for a big local team 1 she was about to shoot (when she caught her foot in the
and she injured herself a couple of months ago. She’s a striker and ground); a scan showed it wasn’t badly damaged; she’s back
she was just about to shoot when her foot got caught in the ground
in training (after a week)
and she twisted it really badly. It was quite swollen and we were
2 she was on the way to a meeting when the accident
worried she’d be out of action for a long time, but fortunately the
happened; after several operations she managed to get back
P
scan showed it wasn’t damaged too badly. She spent a week or so

limping around, feeling sorry for herself, but she’s more or less back on her feet; she took up yoga on the advice of a friend
to normal now and in training again. 3 they weren’t sure that she would make it; they had to find a
ea
2 A few years ago, I was on my way to a meeting when a truck drove donor immediately; (the liver failure) may have been caused
into my car. The car was a wreck and I had multiple injuries and spent by chemicals she uses in her job
the next few months laid up in bed, on loads of painkillers, hardly
4 she got knocked over by one of her cows; she felt physical
able to move. I honestly believed I was never going to walk again.
rs
In the end, though, after several operations and some intensive pain when she tried to remember things; she relies on
physiotherapy, I managed to get back on my feet. On the advice of muscle memory/movements to ‘remember’ pin codes
a friend, I then took up yoga and the difference it’s made has been 5 a bug was going round the office; he was due to go to
on
incredible. Barbados (when he went down with the bug); on the

3 A friend of mine had to have a liver transplant. It started out with Sunday morning he suddenly felt fresh as a daisy
her having irritated skin and being very itchy, but the doctor didn’t
think it was too serious. But then she suddenly got a lot worse and
the doctors decided it was liver failure and they had to find a donor, Grammar
like immediately. To be honest, we weren’t sure she would make it
20
because there’s usually a waiting list, but luckily they found one in The future in the past
time. They don’t really know what caused her to get so ill, but one 7 Focus attention on the five sentences from the listening, then
possibility is it was the chemicals she had to use in her job in the put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. Monitor while they discuss
parks department. It’s impossible to prove though. Anyway, her body
the questions and help if necessary. Don’t give any answers yet.
23
seems to have accepted the new liver and she’s well on the road to
recovery, which is the main thing!
4 I read this crazy story online the other day. There was this cattle Answers:
farmer and she got knocked over by one of her cows and she bashed 1 They are all talking about a ‘future’ in the past (some Ss may
her head. She didn’t seem to be badly injured, but she more or less also say none of the things actually happened in the end).
completely lost her memory. She said that for the next year or so she 2 a, e
actually felt physical pain trying to recall things, so she just got really 3 was (just) about to
good at living in the moment. The doctors thought she might never
4 b, c, d
get her memory back, but it seems it has slowly started coming back.
Even now though, for things like pin codes she has to rely on muscle 5 weren’t sure, might
memory – you know instinctively doing the movement rather than
recalling the actual number.
39
8 Write on the board: I was going to spend some time in Australia Speaking
Unit 2
in the summer. Ask: Is this the past or present? (past) Was the
person referring back further in the past or to the future? (future). Prepare
Explain that this is one way we can talk about future plans we had 12 Give Ss plenty of time to choose their options and prepare
in the past. Ss read the grammar box, check their answers to what they’re going to say. Monitor and help if necessary, writing
Ex 7 and complete the box with words from Ex 7. Check answers any new vocabulary on the board.
with the class.
Speak
Answers: 1 about 2 due 3 going 4 would 13 Go through the Useful phrases with the class, then put Ss in
pairs to share their stories. Tell them to try and use at least three
S
of the ‘future seen from the past’ structures from the Grammar
Grammar checkpoint box. Monitor and make notes on Ss’ use of language for later class
am
Be due to is usually used more formally, or for more formal feedback.

plans, such as appointments. Be about to means the action 14 Rearrange Ss into new pairs and ask them to tell their new
was imminent. partners the stories they heard.
pl
LANGUAGE BANK 2A pp.138–139 Teaching tip

Stronger classes could read the notes at home. Otherwise, When rearranging Ss, it’s a good idea to ask the class to stand
check the notes with Ss, especially the way of showing up first, then assign new pairs or groups before they actually
e
certainty and uncertainty. In each exercise, elicit the first move. That way they won’t forget which pairs or groups they’re
answer as an example. Ss work alone to complete the in and it will be quicker and less disruptive. There are various
exercises, then check their answers in pairs. In feedback, ways of assigning new pairs or groups, including using letters,
M
elicit Ss’ answers and drill the questions. Ss can refer to the numbers, Ss’ initials or birth months and even categories such
notes to help them. as favourite foods.
at
Answers:
1 1 was meeting 2 both 3 would 4 both 5 was due
6 both 7 might 8 was just about 9 both After sharing their stories, Ss could choose one of them and film or
er
10 would end up record a short ‘documentary’ in pairs, about the road to recovery.
2 1 would 2 was visiting 3 were bound to 4 was due to When they have finished, the class could watch or listen to each
5 was (just) about to 6 might other’s documentaries and vote for the best one.
ia
9 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check

answers with the class and write them on the board (or invite Ss
l©
to do so). Tell Ss that they may need to change the form of some Write the following questions on the board:
of the words. What did you find most difficult in today’s lesson?
How can you practise this further in the future?
Answers: 1 was just about to park 2 was going to affect Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have
3 would get 4 was due to have 5 was just about to leave finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the
P
6 wouldn’t want 7 might develop 8 was never going to play class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not.
ea
10a 2.2 Play the recording for Ss to listen and pay attention
Homework ideas
to the pronunciation of to.
Language bank: 2A Ex 1–2, p139
b Play the recording again for Ss to listen and repeat. If necessary,
model the sentences yourself, too.
rs

on
To is often pronounced in different ways by different people,

depending on how fast we speak. As a weak form it sounds Fast route: continue to Lesson 2B
like /tə/, but it can be reduced so much that it is almost Extended route: go to p98 for Develop your reading
‘swallowed’ by the surrounding words. Going to is sometimes
pronounced /ˈgənə/.
20
11 Give Ss a few minutes to think about what they’re going

to say, then put them in small groups to discuss. When they
have finished, ask a student from each group to share anything
23
interesting they found out with the class.
Further practice
Photocopiable activities: 2A Grammar 1, p162;
2A Grammar 2, p163
App: 2A Grammar practice 1 and 2
40
Unit 2
VOCABULARY BANK 2B p157
2B A good cause Word building: noun formation
vocabulary section.
Introduction 1 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs.
The goal of this lesson is for students to present a case. To help Check answers with the class.
them achieve this, they will learn or revise double comparatives
Answers: 1 awareness 2 probability 3 freedom
and vocabulary related to charities.
4 mobility 5 investment 6 expansion 7 conclusion
S
8 deprivation 9 donation 10 establishment

Warm up
2a Ss match the suffixes with the groups of words alone.
am
Find some logos from well-known international charities and

b Ss compare answers in pairs, checking the spelling and
display them in class. Ask Ss to discuss what charities they
pronunciation of each one. Check answers with the class.
represent and what those charities do. When they have
finished, ask Ss to use their mobile devices to go online and Answers:
check their ideas. 1 homelessness, consciousness, effectiveness
pl
2 supervision, comprehension, persuasion

Reading and vocabulary 3 astonishment, embarrassment, amusement
e
4 capability, authenticity, security

Charities 5 stardom, boredom, wisdom
1 Focus attention on the photos and elicit what Ss can see. Put Ss 6 opposition, recognition, concentration
M
in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have finished, elicit a

3a Ss complete the questions alone, then check in pairs.
few answers and have a brief class discussion.
2 Focus attention on the text, then give Ss a strict time limit of
at
three minutes to read it quickly and answer the questions. Check Answers: 1 homelessness 2 supervision
answers with the class. 3 embarrassment/boredom 4 security
5 stardom/homelessness 6 opposition
er
Suggested answers:
b Ss discuss four of the questions in Ex 3a in pairs.
You might see it in an online or print newspaper. The purpose is
to raise awareness of different charities (and presumably to help
ia
readers decide which are most worthy of donations). Further practice

Photocopiable activities: 2B Vocabulary, p167
3 Ss read the text again more carefully and match the App: 2B Vocabulary practice 1 and 2
l©
organisations with the opinions, then check in pairs. Check

answers with the class and ask if Ss have heard of any similar
organisations. Listening
Answers: 1 b 2 c 3 a 6a 2.3 Write on the board: make a case for something.
P
Ask: If you make a case for something, do you argue for or against
4 Elicit the first answer as an example, making sure Ss put the it? (for). Focus attention on the notes and elicit what type of
information is needed to fill each gap. Ss listen and complete
ea
word in the correct form. Ss complete the rest of the questions

alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class, the notes.
explaining the meanings of the words if necessary. Audioscript 2.3
rs
Answers: 1 tackled 2 awareness 3 lobby 4 sustainable 1 Hello there. I’m here today to tell you about a charity that I support
called Shelter. Now, Shelter provides advice and support to aid people
5 empower 6 deprivation 7 reclaim 8 expertise
who are homeless or struggling with poor housing. That includes
9 campaign; campaigns 10 worthy
giving legal advice for those who face losing their homes. They also
on
spend money on lobbying government to change housing policies.

5 Put Ss in pairs to choose and discuss five of the questions. Personally, I think that’s worth investing in, because the more we do
Fast finishers could discuss more if they want to. When to tackle the causes of homelessness, the less the government will
they have finished, elicit a few answers and have a brief class have to spend on dealing with its effects.
discussion. 2 Hi. I’m speaking in support of Give Directly. This is a rather different
20
kind of charity in that the money you donate will go directly to the
people who need it, without any conditions. They can spend the
money however they like. The idea is that the main cause of poverty
is actually a lack of money, which should be obvious really. So, giving
money directly to the person in need empowers recipients to make
23
their own choices and the more freedom people have to decide on
how to spend money, the more effective the donation will be. Having
more money reduces stress and the less stressed people are, the
better able they are to make good decisions. It’s a win-win.
41
b Ss compare their notes in pairs, then listen again if necessary.
Unit 2

Check answers with the class and write them on the board.
Answers: check the notes with Ss, especially how we leave out the
1 Shelter nouns when they’re obvious from context. In each exercise,
2 who are homeless or struggling with poor housing elicit the first answer as an example. Ss work alone to
3 change housing policies complete the exercises, then check their answers in pairs.
4 Give Directly In feedback, elicit Ss’ answers and drill the questions. Ss can
5 (any) conditions refer to the notes to help them.
S
6 better decisions Answers:

1 1 more; better 2 more; sweeter 3 more; happier
am
Optional extra activity 4 bigger; fewer 5 more; harder 6 more; less

Ask Ss to discuss what they think of each organisation in pairs. 2 1 The; the 2 more; more 3 worse 4 higher/worse; are
They can also say whether they know of any organisations like 5 more; merrier/better 6 sooner; better
these in their own countries or cities. 7 more; better; easier 8 sooner/faster; better
pl
10a 2.5 Explain that when we say sentences with double

7 Give Ss a few minutes to think of things they’d like to know,
then put them in pairs to discuss. When they have finished, elicit comparatives, our voice rises in the first half and falls in the
second. Play the recording for Ss to listen and pay attention to the
e
ideas. Stronger classes can think of more things they would like
to know and write these out as interview questions. intonation.
Audioscript 2.5
M
Grammar 1 The more there are, the better it is.

2 The fewer there are, the harder it is.
Double comparatives 3 The more you do it, the easier it becomes.
at
8a Ss try to complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. 4 The less we do to help, the worse the situation gets.
Don’t give any answers yet. 5 The less money we have, the less we can do.
6 The more difficult it is, the bigger the reward.
er
Optional alternative activity

With weaker classes, you could write the answers on the board b Play the recording again for Ss to listen and repeat. If necessary,
in random order for Ss to select from. model the sentences yourself, too.
ia
11 Ss complete the sentences alone, using the grammar box to

b 2.4 Play the recording for Ss to check their answers, then help them, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
check answers with the class and write them on the board.
l©
Answers:
Answers: 1 The more meals; the more likely
1 The more; the less 2 The longer; the greater the opportunities
2 The more freedom; the more effective 3 the bigger the space; the better
3 The less stressed; the better able 4 The more money; the more kids
P
9a Ss discuss the questions in pairs, referring to the sentences in 12 Elicit an example with the class, e.g. The cheaper it is, the
ea
Ex 8a to help. Don’t give any answers yet. better. In pairs, Ss think of at least two beginnings or endings for
b Ss read the grammar box and check their answers to Ex 9a. each sentence. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ ideas, making
Check answers with the class. sure they form the comparatives correctly.
rs
Answers: Further practice

1 They’re all double comparative structures. Photocopiable activities: 2B Grammar 1, p165;
2 The first half shows one change. If this change happens, the 2B Grammar 2, p166
on
second will. There’s a cause–result relationship. App: 2B Grammar practice 1 and 2

3 No. Some use nouns, some omit both nouns and adjectives
where they’re understood.
4 Use fewer with countable nouns, less with uncountable Speaking
nouns.
20
Prepare
13 Read the instructions with the class, then put Ss in pairs to
prepare. Pairs choose a charity and make notes on the information
they’re going to present. Ask them to also think about how they
23
will present it to the class and who will talk about what. Monitor
and help with ideas and vocabulary if necessary, writing any new
vocabulary on the board.
Speak
14a Go through the Useful phrases with the class. Pairs take
turns to present their ideas to the class. While they are presenting,
ask the rest of the class to make notes and think of questions to
ask at the end of each presentation.
42
b Ask Ss to vote for the two charities they think most deserve 3 Tell Ss they are going to retell the experience the author of
Unit 2
donations by a show of hands. Tell them they can’t vote for their the book review in Ex 2 describes. Put Ss in pairs to retell the
own charity. experience using the words given. When they have finished, ask a
few Ss to retell parts of the experience to the class.
Write the following questions on the board: Possible answer:
There were rumours that a murderer had lived in an old
Have you used double comparatives before?
abandoned hotel near where the writer grew up. One day the
How do you think you’ll use them in the future?
writer and a friend managed to crawl under the fence of the
S
hotel, despite all the warning signs. The grounds of the hotel
were thick with weeds and the lobby was badly neglected,
but still felt like guests could arrive at any minute. They were
am
about to go up the staircase when they heard footsteps

Homework ideas upstairs, which scared them. They were so terrified they
Language bank: 2B Ex 1–2, p139 raced out of the building without waiting to find out who the
Workbook: Ex 1–5, p13 footsteps belonged to. The abandoned hotel was eventually
pl
App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice restored and turned into an amazing old people’s home and
nursery.
e
Fast route: continue to Lesson 2C Vocabulary

Extended route: go to p118 for Develop your writing
Urban change
M
4 Ss complete the descriptions alone, then check in pairs. With

weaker classes, go through the meanings of the words in the
at
box first. Check answers with the class.
Answers:
1 outdated; demolished
er
2C Regeneration 2 declined; shrank; bankrupt; abandoned

3 neglected; took over; turned into; restored
ia
Introduction Optional extra activity

The goal of this lesson is for students to make suggestions about Find some photos of old and abandoned buildings, trying to
l©
new uses for old buildings. To help them achieve this, they will include a range of different types. Display them to the class, then
learn or revise negative questions and vocabulary related to put Ss in pairs. Each student secretly chooses one and describes it,
urban change. using the vocabulary in Ex 4 for their partner to listen and guess
the photo they’re describing.
Warm up
P
5 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit

Write the letter of the alphabet (A–Z) on the board, leaving space
answers from a few Ss and have a brief class discussion.
next to each one to write words. Put Ss in pairs and ask them to think
ea
of a type of building that starts with each letter of the alphabet. Set
a time limit of five minutes. When time is up, give out some board
pens and ask Ss to write their answers on the board. Check spelling. Building, places, structures
rs
vocabulary section.
Reading
1 Ss match the words with the pictures alone, then check in
on
1 Focus attention on the photos and elicit what Ss can see. Put Ss pairs. Check answers with the class.
in small groups to discuss the questions. When they have finished,
Answers: A hut B mansion C bungalow D dam E pier
elicit answers from a few groups and have a brief class discussion.
F memorial G reservoir H dock
2 Read the statements with the class so they know what to look
for when reading, then give them a time limit of three minutes 2 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs.
20
to read the review and decide which statements are true. Check Check answers with the class.
Answers: 1 hut 2 mansion 3 bungalow 4 pier
5 reservoir 6 memorial 7 dam 8 dock
Answers: All the statements are true except statement 2.
23
3 Give Ss a few minutes to prepare their answers, then

arrange them in small groups to share their experiences.
Teaching tip
When they have finished, ask them to choose the most
There are many good reasons for setting time limits when
interesting in the group and share it with the class.
doing reading tasks. It helps ensure Ss read quickly, especially if
they know they’ll have a chance to read the text again in more
detail afterwards. It doesn’t allow Ss to get distracted by Further practice
unknown words or give them the time to look them up, and Photocopiable activities: 2C Vocabulary, p170
therefore helps facilitate the ‘flow’ of skim reading. It helps App: 2C Vocabulary practice 1 and 2
maintain the focus on the aims of the lesson and Ss may thrive
on the challenge it provides.
43
Listening
Unit 2
LANGUAGE BANK 2C pp.138–139

6a Tell Ss they’re going to listen to two people talking
2.6 Stronger classes could read the notes at home. Otherwise,
about an abandoned glove factory. Ss listen and answer the check the notes with Ss, especially the possible responses. In
questions alone, then check in pairs. Play the recording again if each exercise, elicit the first answer as an example. Ss work
necessary, then check answers with the class. alone to complete the exercises, then check their answers in
pairs. In feedback, elicit Ss’ answers and drill the questions.
Answers: Ss can refer to the notes to help them.
It’s going to be turned into luxury flats. They suggest it could be
Answers:
turned into a gallery, social or community space or it could be
S
1 1 didn’t you call (did you not call is also possible)

demolished and some park land could be created.
2 Aren’t you feeling (Are you not feeling is also possible)
am
3 Can’t you change (Can you not change is also possible)

Audioscript 2.6 4 Aren’t you going to (Are you not going to is also possible)
A: You know the old glove factory down by the river? 5 Don’t you think (Do you not think is also possible)
B: What? You mean that massive abandoned building? 6 Don’t you have to (Do you not have to is also possible)
A: Yeah, exactly. 2 Suggested answers:
pl
B: Right, yes. I hadn’t actually realised that that was what it was, 1 Wouldn’t you like to see the building demolished?
though.
2 Haven’t I seen you somewhere before?
A: Yeah. Anyway, apparently they’re going to turn it into luxury flats.
Really? It’s not exactly beautiful. 3 Didn’t you go to Japan last year?
e
B:
A: Oh, I don’t know. It has a certain kind of beauty. 4 Don’t you think this film is fascinating?
B: Do you think so? 5 Don’t you think it’s a waste of time?
A: Yeah, I do. Anyway, that’s not the point. I mean, can’t they do 6 Wasn’t she married to your best friend?
M
something better with it than create luxury flats?

B: Like what?
8a 2.8 Play the recording for Ss to listen and pay attention to
A: I don’t know. Couldn’t they turn it into a gallery or something?
at
Haven’t they done that elsewhere? the rising tones, and model the sentences yourself if necessary.
B: A gallery? Really? It’d be bankrupt before long. b Play the recording again for Ss to listen and repeat.
A: OK, so maybe not a gallery but a social space then … some kind of 9a Read the example with the class, then ask Ss to think about
er
community place, you know – something for the whole city.

how to respond to each statement on their own. They could
B: Wouldn’t they just be better demolishing the whole thing and
write them at this stage if they want to. Monitor and offer help if
creating some nice park land? There’s not exactly a lot of green space
round here. necessary.
ia
A: Maybe. Seems a bit of shame to get rid of it completely, though. And

as I say, I actually like it as a building. Suggested answers:
B: Nah. Demolition. It’s the best answer. Just clear it out and start again. 1 Really? Didn’t she say she was?
l©
It would probably be cheaper, too. 2 Don’t you know how to drive? Doesn’t that cause lots of
problems?
b Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit 3 Don’t you ever want to explore? Aren’t you keen on the area,
their ideas and have a brief class discussion. then?
4 Wasn’t it some kind of factory or something? Didn’t it use to
P
be a power station?
Language focus
5 Don’t you think it has a certain kind of beauty to it, though?
ea
Negative questions Can’t you even appreciate the architecture?

7a 2.7 Put Ss in pairs to try to complete the questions, then 6 Wouldn’t that be a terrible waste? Isn’t it better if they use
play the recording for Ss to check their answers. Check answers the space that’s already there instead?
with the class and write them on the board.
rs
b Put Ss in pairs to practise their conversations. When they have

Answers: 1 Can’t 2 Haven’t 3 Wouldn’t finished, ask a different pair to perform each conversation for
the class.
on
b Ss discuss the questions in pairs, then complete the language

focus box. Check answers with the class. Grammar checkpoint
It’s possible to use uncontracted forms with negative
Answers: questions, but the word order changes slightly so that not
1 They are all negative questions; they’re formed by making comes after the pronoun, e.g. Didn’t you like it? = Did you
20
the auxiliary verb that starts them negative. not like it? Using the uncontracted form makes it sound
2 They help us get an answer, but also show that we have a more emphatic.
particular attitude towards the thing we’re asking about.
a Haven’t they done that elsewhere?
23
Further practice
b Can’t they do something better with it than create
luxury flats? Photocopiable activities: 2C Language focus 1, p168;
c Wouldn’t they just be better demolishing the whole thing 2C Language focus 2, p169
and creating some nice park land? App: 2C Language focus practice 1 and 2
44
Speaking 3 Elicit the first answer as an example with the class, showing
Unit 2
how the first two letters of the answer are given. Ss complete the
Prepare rest of the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check answers
10 Put Ss in pairs, refer them to the photos on page 166 and give with the class and write them on the board (or invite Ss to do so).
them a moment to choose one. Ss discuss the points given for
their chosen photo. Monitor and help if necessary, writing any new Answers: 1 down 2 stranded/stuck 3 comfort
vocabulary on the board. 4 welcoming 5 rave 6 rough 7 apprenticeship 8 mentor
Speak 4 Elicit the first answer as an example. Ss complete the rest of the
11a Rearrange Ss into new pairs and ask them to present their pairs of sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with
S
ideas to their new partner. Go through the Useful phrases with the class and write them on the board.
the class and encourage them to ask questions to find out more
am
information. Answers:
b Ask Ss to share their ideas and decisions with the rest of the 1 a ’d stayed b ’d been staying
class. 2 a ’d been trying b ’d tried
3 a ’d made b ’d been making
pl
Reflection on learning 4 a ’d been driving b ’d driven

Write the following questions on the board: 5 a ’d offered b ’d been offering
What was the most interesting thing in today’s lesson?
e
In what other situations might you use negative questions? 5 Ss complete the questions alone, then check in pairs. Check
answers with the class and then tell Ss to take turns asking and
answering the questions in pairs.
M

Answers: 1 pointed 2 had 3 distract 4 coming up with
5 goes on 6 smashed
at
Homework ideas
Language bank: 2C Ex 1–2, p139 6 Read the example with the class, then ask Ss to use the words
Workbook: Ex 1–5, p14 in the box to complete the rest of the sentences with repetitive
er
App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice phrases. Tell Ss to compare answers in pairs, then check answers
with the class.
ia
Answers: 1 miles and miles 2 cried and cried

Fast route: Check and reflect: Units 1–2 3 ages and ages 4 laughed and laughed 5 over and over
Extended route: go to p87 for Develop your listening 6 days and days
l©

Answers: 1 bashed; black and blue 2 irritates; itchy

P
3 arthritis; swollen 4 bumped; cold 5 strained; action

2 Check and reflect: Units 1–2 6 transplant; donor
ea
8a Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check

Introduction
rs
Ss revise and practise the language of Units 1 and 2. The notes Answers: 1 going/about 2 just 3 going/due/supposed
below provide some ideas for exploiting the activities in class, but 4 was 5 might/would 6 were
you may want to set the exercises for homework, or use them as a
on
diagnostic or progress test. b Demonstrate the activity by telling Ss about one of the
situations you’ve been in. Put Ss in pairs to talk about the
1a Ss match the sentence halves alone, then check in pairs.
situations. When they have finished, ask a few Ss to share their
experiences with the class and find out if anyone else has had
the same.
20
Answers: 1 f 2 h 3 c 4 b 5 d 6 a 7 e 8 g
b Ss select and talk about two of the things in pairs. Fast
finishers can talk about more. When they have finished, elicit Ask Ss to choose one of the sentences and imagine what
23
answers from a few Ss and find out if others agree. happened leading up to it (and/or after it). Monitor and help with
ideas and vocabulary if necessary. When they are ready, put Ss in
pairs to share the situations they came up with, but not saying
which of the sentences they refer to. Ss listen to each other’s
descriptions and guess which sentence each one links to.
Answers:
1 that/which 2 What 3 fact 4 was 5 is 6 thing
45
9a Elicit the first answer as an example with the class. Ss Reflect
Unit 2
complete the sentences alone, then check answers in pairs. Check Ask Ss to rate each statement alone, then compare in pairs.
answers with the class. Encourage them to ask any questions they still have about any
of the areas covered in Units 1 and 2.
Answers:
1 In recent years, many organisations have lobbied for a Homework ideas
change in environmental policy.
2 We need to do more to raise awareness of issues, such as
pollution. Roadmap video
S
3 Most charities just aren’t worthy of donations.

4 I have a degree of expertise in computing.
5 It’s great that people are campaigning for action on climate
am
change.
b Ss discuss which sentences they agree with in pairs. When they

have finished, find out how many sentences each pair agrees with
2A Develop your reading
pl
and what the most popular sentence in the class is.

10 Ss match the sentence halves alone, then check in pairs.
e
Introduction
Answers: 1 d 2 a 3 e 4 b 5 c Students develop the reading skill of understanding intended
meaning in a blog by learning how to recognise positive and
M
Optional extra activity negative connotations of words.

Ask Ss to write alternative endings to the sentence beginnings.
at
Monitor and check they’re forming them correctly. When they have Warm up
finished, put Ss in pairs to read out their endings for their partner
to guess which sentence each one finishes.
How do you keep fit? Do you play any sports?
er
Are you a member of a gym?

11a Elicit the first answer as an example with the class. Ss
Do you prefer to exercise alone or with other people? Why?
complete the sentences alone, then check answers in pairs.
Ss discuss the questions in small groups.
ia

1 Focus attention on the photos and elicit what Ss can see in each
Answers: one. Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished,
l©
1 abandoned 2 outdated (out-of-date is also possible) elicit Ss’ answers and have a brief class discussion.
3 turned into 4 demolished 5 shrinking 6 bankrupt
2 Go through the topics with the class so Ss know what to look for
in the blog. Give Ss a few minutes to read the blog and complete
b Ss discuss the good and bad things about four of the situations
the details, then compare answers in pairs. Check answers with
in pairs. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ ideas and have a brief
the class.
P
class discussion.
12 Ss complete the negative questions alone, then check in pairs. Answers:
ea
Check answers with the class. 1 hockey

2 sports science
Answers: 3 triathlon
1 Didn’t you 2 Don’t you 3 Can’t you 4 Haven’t we 4 Her whole body was swollen and she had been feeling bad
rs
5 Aren’t you 6 Won’t you for a couple of days.

5 rhabdomyolysis – kidney failure
13 Elicit the first answer as an example. Ss order the sentences 6 one week
on
alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class and write
them on the board (or invite Ss to do so). 3 Ss read the blog again more carefully and decide if the sentences
are true or false alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the
Answers:
class and elicit corrections for the false sentences.
1 I am going to have to ask you to leave.
20
2 You have got to be kidding! Answers:

3 Is there really nothing you can do? 1 F She told them to encourage her passion for sport and
4 There must be some mistake. exercise.
5 I am awfully sorry about all of this.
23
2 F She got a place because of her confidence and focus but

6 Can I talk to whoever is in charge? there were better players.
3 T
4 T
5 F She felt like she had been hit by a bus.
6 F She thought she had come down with a bug, but it was
more serious than that.
7 F She was kept in overnight but didn’t get better so she was
then seen by a specialist who diagnosed her problem.
8 T
46
Unit 2
questions they have, then ask them to complete the table. Check 2B Develop your writing
Answers: 1 laid-back 2 stubborn 3 nosy 4 focused

5 hyperactive 6 ecstatic 7 confident 8 selective
Introduction
Students develop the skill of writing an email that builds rapport
5 Read the example with the class and point out that they choose with the recipient.
between the first pair of words in Ex 4a (laid-back and lazy) for the
first sentence. Then ask Ss to complete the rest of the sentences
S
Warm up
alone before checking in pairs. Check answers with the class.
Do a backwards dictation to revise the vocabulary from Lesson 2B.
am
Answers: 1 laid-back 2 stubborn 3 nosy 4 focused Put Ss in groups and explain that you’re going to dictate the letters
5 hyperactive 6 ecstatic 7 egotistical 8 fussy of each word backwards. Demonstrate with an easy example,
e.g. G – I – B = BIG. Dictate the words from Lesson 2B, Ex 4. As
6a Give Ss a minute to read the descriptions and decide which soon as Ss think they know the answer, they call it out. The first
group to guess each one correctly wins a point. The group with
pl
one is positive and which is negative.

the most points at the end wins.
Answer:
1a Focus attention on the photos, then put Ss in pairs to discuss
e
The first description is negative; the second is positive.

the questions. When they have finished, elicit their answers and
have a brief class discussion.
b Ss compare ideas and discuss what helped them decide. Check
b Go through the list of charity events with the class, checking
M
answers with the class, using the words in bold in the answer key.
understanding if necessary. Put Ss in pairs to discuss the
questions. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ ideas and find out if
Answers:
at
anyone else had the same ideas.

The words in bold help the reader to decide:
My first flat-mate was a young woman from Leeds and she was c Continue with the discussion from Ex 1b by eliciting other ways
very peculiar. She was pushy but she was also immature and of raising money for charity and Ss’ experiences of participation in
er
she often had a childish smirk. She bought a lot of toiletries them as a class.
and hoarded them in her room so the stench of cheap 2a Ss read the three emails and answer the questions alone,
perfume was always present throughout the house. then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
ia
My first flat-mate was a young woman from Leeds and she was
unique. She was assertive but she was also youthful and she Answers:
often had a child-like smile. She bought a lot of toiletries and Email 1:
l©
stored them in her room so the aroma of perfume was always 1 Fantastic Fitness for Everyone
present throughout the house. 2 raise awareness and tackle the problem of lazy lifestyles
3 a Fitness in the Park day
7 Read the example with the class, then give Ss a few minutes 4 sponsor the event or a race, or give gifts that can be used as
to make notes. When they are ready, put Ss in pairs to share their prizes
P
descriptions. Email 2:
1 Kids Group
ea
Homework ideas 2 provide a healthy breakfast and give local children emotional
Workbook: Ex 1–5, pp.16–17 and psychological support
3 an auction
4 donate items for the auction
rs
Email 3:
1 Local Senior Support
2 The email doesn’t say.
on
3 an event in the park (The email doesn’t specify what.)

4 The email doesn’t say.
b Ss read the emails again and circle the relevant email numbers,
20
Answers: 1 1, 2 2 1, 2 3 1, 2 4 1, 2 5 1, 2 6 1, 2 7 1, 2
23
47
3a Discuss the question as a class, perhaps feeding in some
Unit 2
features from the Focus box. 2C Develop your listening

Answers: Answers will vary but Ss might mention the points
in the Focus box.
Introduction
b Ss read the Focus box and check their ideas, then find examples Students develop the listening skill of understanding
of the features in email 2. Check answers with the class. disagreement in a radio interview by recognising how
modifiers can express disagreement.
Answers:
S
1 Dear Ina Warm up

2 Like you, we are concerned about …
am
3 … we badly need your help Write the following questions on the board:
4 high-profile individuals like you, respected members of our Do you ever listen to or watch political programmes?
community like you Which ones are your favourite? Why?
Ss discuss the questions in pairs.
pl
4 Read the example with the class. Ss rewrite the rest of the
1 Focus attention on the photos then ask Ss to discuss the
sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit answers and
have a brief class discussion. If possible, give an example yourself
e
Suggested answers:
for question 3.
1 Like you, we are worried about the lack of green spaces in
2 2.9 Go through the questions with the class so Ss know
this unique city of ours.
M
what to listen for. Ss listen and answer the questions, then check
2 As a local citizen I’m concerned that litter is a big problem.
in pairs. Check answers with the class.
3 Our charity relies on the support of respected/well-known
local people like you.
at
Answers:
4 Securing the sponsorship of a successful local company such
1 a new theatre
as yours would really help.
2 It’s over budget and behind schedule.
5 Last year we received a lot of support from respected/
er
3 It holds fewer people.

well-known leaders of the community like you.
Audioscript 2.9
Prepare
ia
5a Give Ss plenty of time create a charity and plan its details. If A: … some sunny spells and showers in the west of the country.
Brightening up around lunch time.
they’re having trouble thinking of ideas, you could ask them to
I: Thank you Caroline, the time is quarter past eight. Now, it’s behind
go online and look for inspiration. Monitor and help if necessary,
l©
schedule, it’s over budget and it’s still not finished. I’m talking,
writing any new vocabulary on the board. of course, about The Castor Theatre, our city’s newest theatre,
b Ss choose and plan their events. They could come up with their nicknamed by some The Disaster Theatre, which is back in the news
own ideas rather than choosing from the list in Ex 1b if they prefer. after a new report suggested that the theatre may never open. So,
should we just abandon the project? Here to answer that question is
Write Culture Minister Cornelius Heath. Good morning, Minister.
P
M: Good morning.
6a Ss write their emails, using the Focus box and checklist in I: Minister, will this theatre ever open?
Ex 2b to help. Monitor while they’re writing and encourage them to
ea
M: Well, indeed, yes it will open and when it’s open it will be …
include at least three ways of building rapport in their emails. I: When will it open, Minister?
b Put Ss in pairs to swap drafts and read each other’s emails, M: Well, the opening date is not yet certain but what is certain is that
making suggestions for improvement. Reviewers can check the when it is complete, it will be one of the finest theatres anywhere in
the …
rs
drafts using the checklist in Ex 2b.

I: So, effectively, Minister you have no idea when it will open.
7 Ss exchange feedback and then write a second draft if time M: Well, I have some idea. We hope to open it next year …
allows, or write it for homework. I: Early next year?
on
M: We hope so but it’s more likely to be later.

Teaching tip I: That’s a bit vague, isn’t it?
M: As I say, we hope to open it next year.
It can sometimes be a bit daunting for Ss to show their written I: You don’t sound very confident, Minister.
work to their peers for them to evaluate it, especially if it’s a M: I’m quietly confident and we are all working very hard to achieve the
fairly rough first draft. However, it can be less intimidating earliest opening date possible.
20
than having work checked by the teacher (and it’s less I: Wasn’t it a mistake to build this theatre in the first place, Minister?
time-consuming for you!). To ease the pressure, make sure Ss M: No, absolutely not. This theatre is replacing the old one which was
outdated and neglected and …
offer praise for good parts of the writing as well as suggested
I: Excuse me for interrupting, Minister, but according to this new report,
23
corrections when they review their peers’ work.

the old theatre should never have been demolished.
M: Well, the report is wrong. As I’ve said, the old theatre was very
Homework ideas outdated and …
I: But it was only twenty-five years old. It wasn’t that outdated. Wasn’t
Ex 7: Ss write a second draft of their email. it possible to restore it?
Workbook: Ex 1–7, pp.118–119 M: Well, we took the view that it was better to build a new one.
I: So that was your decision, Minister. You were solely responsible for
the decision to build a new theatre instead of restoring the old one.
M: Look, I was one of the people responsible for the decision but I still
think it was the right thing to do. Of course, we’ve had some problems
along the way. No one’s denying that. The first building contractor
went bankrupt and now the project is slightly behind schedule.
48
I: The project is very behind schedule, isn’t it? If you do manage to open
Unit 2
Audioscript 2.10
the theatre next year, it will still be three years behind schedule.
M: As I say, there have been some unexpected problems along the way … Conversation 1
I: And hugely over budget. A: You haven’t emptied the dishwasher. You never do it.
M: It is, indeed, somewhat over budget but … B: That’s not fair! I sometimes do it.
I: It’s fourteen million euros over budget and counting … A: Yeah, once in a blue moon. You know it wouldn’t hurt you once in a
M: … what you have to remember is that these projects very often go while to help out a bit more …
over budget and … Conversation 2
I: Particularly those projects managed by your department, Minister. A: Hi. Sorry I’m a bit late.
M: No, I reject that accusation. We have a very good record when it B: A bit late! Actually, you’re really late. I’ve been waiting here for 25
comes to delivering new cultural buildings. Look at the Museum of minutes.
S
Archaeology that we opened last year. A: I know. Sorry! I’m just so scatty. I can’t seem to leave the house on
I: Let me put to you a specific criticism that this new report made, an time ever. There’s always something comes up …
am
independent report, don’t forget. It says that the capacity of the new
Conversation 3
theatre will be substantially less than the old one.
A: I’ve got a rental property you might be interested in. It’s slightly over
M: Well that’s not true. The capacity will be around two thousand people
your budget but it’s worth it!
which is marginally less than the old theatre.
B: But that’s a long way over our budget I’m afraid. Have you got
I: But the old theatre could accommodate two and a half thousand
anything a bit more within our price range – something that doesn’t
people. Why does the new theatre have 20 percent less seating?
pl
require me to work 24 hours a day to pay for a roof over my head …

M: The facilities in the new theatre are much improved and good
facilities require more space. And let me say this: when this theatre Conversation 4
is finally built, it will be one of the finest theatres anywhere in the A: And you’re absolutely sure that you didn’t leave your laptop on the
e
world and thousands of people will be able to enjoy high quality train, are you?
productions in the theatre. B: Well, I’m fairly sure. I mean, it’s always possible that I’m wrong I guess.
I: Will you resign if the theatre is not completed next year, Minister? A: I really hope you haven’t lost yet another thing, Rebecca. You’d lose
M
M: I am doing everything in my power to make sure that the theatre is your head if it wasn’t screwed on properly …
built next year.
I: Will you resign? 6 Put Ss in small groups to discuss the questions. When they have
at
M: As I said, I am doing everything in my power to make sure that the

finished, nominate a student from each group to share their ideas
theatre is completed as planned.
I: Minister, thank you for coming on the programme. with the class.
M: My pleasure.
er
I: Now, time for the news summary … Homework ideas

3 Ss choose the correct alternatives, then listen again and check.
ia
Weaker classes can choose while listening again. Check answers

with the class.
l©
Answers: 1 Disaster 2 some time next year 3 demolished

4 The minister and other people 5 no longer in business
6 at least 7 two 8 doesn’t agree
4 Give Ss a few minutes to read the Focus box, underline the

P
modifiers and then decide who said each sentence. Ss compare

answers in pairs, then check answers with the class.
ea
Answers:
1 a very – minister b not that – interviewer
2 a solely – interviewer b one of – minister
rs
3 a slightly – minister b very – interviewer

4 a hugely – interviewer b somewhat – minister
5 a substantially – interviewer b marginally – minister
on
5a Ss read the beginnings of the conversations and decide

which word or words to change alone, then check in pairs. Don’t
give any answers yet.
20
b 2.10 Play the recording for Ss to listen to some possible

answers, then go through the answers with the class.
Answers: 1 never sometimes 2 bit really

23
3 slightly a long way 4 absolutely fairly
49
3A It’ll brighten up
3 OVERVIEW
Introduction
The goal of this lesson is for students to talk about the weather
and plan activities. To help them achieve this, they will learn or
revise ways of expressing the future and vocabulary related to
3A It’ll brighten up
the weather.
S
Goal | talk about the weather and plan activities

Grammar | ways of expressing the future
am
Vocabulary | the weather Warm up

GSE learning objective Write the following questions on the board:
Can describe future plans and intentions in detail, giving
What’s your favourite season? Why?
degrees of probability
What’s your favourite kind of weather? Why?
3B Law and order
pl
What’s the weather like at the moment?

Goal | discuss legal cases and consequences Is there anything you wish you could change about the weather
Grammar | verb patterns and reporting where you’re from?
Vocabulary | the law and courts
e

their answers and have a brief class discussion.
Can express opinions about news stories using a wide range of
everyday language
M
3C Fair play
Vocabulary
Goal | talk about sports events and news stories The weather
at
Language focus | even and hardly

Vocabulary | sports events, actions and news Culture notes
GSE learning objective British people are famous for discussing the weather, mainly
er
Can talk about personal experiences in detail using linguistically

because it’s so changeable (an adjective you could also teach
complex language
here). It’s often used as a conversation starter and for making
3D English in action ‘small talk’ with strangers.
ia
Goal | give a short, clearly structured presentation

Vocabulary | gender stereotypes 1 Focus attention on the photos and elicit what Ss can see. Use
GSE learning objective this to gauge how much weather vocabulary Ss already know. Go
l©
Can give clear presentations highlighting significant points with through the weather categories, then elicit which one the first
relevant supporting detail phrase in bold goes with as an example. Ss categorise the other
Roadmap video items alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
Go online for the Roadmap video and worksheet. Note that miserable can go with two categories.
P
VOCABULARY BANK Answers:

cold: bitter, chilly, frost, crisp, (miserable)
ea
3B Crime hot: sticky, humid

sunny: brightened up, glorious
3C Phrasal nouns and phrasal verbs
wet: miserable, spitting, pouring down, soaked, thunderstorm,
flooded
rs
DEVELOP YOUR SKILLS

windy: blowing a gale, breeze
Goal | write an effective leaflet 2 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished,
on
Focus | writing effective paragraphs check answers with the class, giving further explanations or
GSE learning objective examples if necessary.
Can write effective and appropriate paragraphs in a range
of genres Answers:
1 breeze = a small amount of a wind, spitting = raining a
20

little bit
Goal | understand a podcast
2 people might get blown over, roofs might get blown off, trees
Focus | recognising fractions and multiples
might get blown down, trains might get delayed or cancelled
23
Can understand summaries of data or research used to support

3 it starts pouring (down), it brigthens up
an extended argument 4 maybe because there’s going to be a gale, thunderstorm or
flooding
3C Develop your reading 5 miserable, bitter (more rarely: chilly, frosty, brightened up)
Goal | understand magazine interviews
Focus | recognising lexical clues
Can infer what will come next in an unstructured text by using
contextual, grammatical and lexical cues
50
B: Ha ha!
Unit 3
Vocabulary checkpoint A: Come on! I’m tired. We can go somewhere nice for lunch. They’ll still
There are many idioms in English related to the weather, be serving if we go now. Pretty please!
e.g. under the weather (= ill), come rain or shine (= whatever B: Fine!
the situation), it was a breeze (= easy), I’m snowed under Conversation 4
(= very busy), get wind of something (= hear a rumour). You A: It’s a gorgeous day!
could ask Ss to go online in pairs to find more, then add them B: Lovely. Bit weird for this time of year, though.
A: Hey, I’m not complaining. It’s just nice to see the sun instead of all
to the board as a class.
that greyness.
B: I know. So what are you up to over the weekend?
3 Give Ss a few minutes to choose three topics and think about
S
A: Well, weather permitting, we’re going to have a barbecue on Saturday.

their answers, then put them in pairs to share their information. B: Really? Is it going to stay like this then?
Stronger classes can talk about more topics. When they have A: Apparently.
am
finished, elicit answers from a few Ss and find out if anyone else B: Wow. OK.
A: I mean, they said that there might be a bit of a frost in the morning
has had similar experiences.
but it could get up to 20 or 22 in the afternoon.
B: Wow. Very strange – anyway sounds nice.
Further practice
A: Might as well take advantage.
pl
Photocopiable activities: 3A Vocabulary, p173 B: Sure.

App: 3A Vocabulary practice 1 and 2 A: So, what about you? Do you have any plans?
B: I’m supposed to be visiting a friend, but to be honest, I’m so behind
e
with work, I might need the time to catch up.

A: Well, if you need a break from the computer, come and join us.
Listening B: Oh, right. Yeah. Sure. I’ll bear that in mind. Thanks.
4 3.1 Focus attention on the pictures and elicit what type of
M
weather each one shows. Explain that Ss are going to listen to 5 Explain that some of the sentences can go with more than one
four people talking about the weather. Play the recording for Ss conversation and that some of the conversations have more than
at
to number the types of weather according to which conversation one sentence. Go through the sentences with the class, then Ss
they appear in, then check in pairs. Play the recording again if listen again and match the sentences to the conversations alone.
necessary, then check answers with the class. Ask Ss to check in pairs before checking answers as a class.
er
Answers: A 3 B 2 C 4 D 2 E 4 F 3 G 1 H 1 Answers: a 4 b 1, 2 c 2 (also, possibly, 3 – if it gets very

foggy and they’re stuck on a mountain) d 4 e 3 f 1
ia
Audioscript 3.1
Conversation 1 6 You could demonstrate by telling the class about a time when
A: It’s blowing a gale out there! you’ve experienced one of these situations, giving details about
l©
B: I know – and it’s bitter too! what happened and encouraging Ss to ask questions to find out
A: Did you know it was going to be like this? more. Put Ss in pairs to share their experiences. When they have
B: Well, I did read that it can be pretty chilly. I read some quote from finished, ask a few Ss to share their partner’s experience(s) with
someone who said that the worst winter they’d ever experienced
the class.
was a summer in San Francisco.
A: Ha! I think I’m going to have to buy a jumper or something, though.
P
I’m totally unprepared for it. Teaching tip

B: It is supposed to be warming up in a couple of days’ time. When asking Ss to do a personalised activity where they
ea
A: I’m not sure I can wait that long. I might freeze to death before then. draw from their own experience, it’s a good idea to share an
Conversation 2 experience of your own first. This not only demonstrates the
A: And now it’s over to Thomas at the weather desk. activity but also helps build rapport with the class.
B: Thanks, Alan. So, as we head in to the weekend, the hot weather is
rs
set to continue with temperatures reaching 40 degrees in some

areas. However, overcast skies also mean it’s going to be very sticky
– humidity up to 70 percent – and we may well see heavy showers
Grammar
and the odd thunderstorm. Although that will be welcome relief to Ways of expressing the future
on
farmers and gardeners who have been suffering the drought of the
last couple of months, they will also bring a risk of sudden flooding Optional extra activity
and the Met Office has in fact issued a warning in areas of the
South-West, so beware if you’re considering travelling there. Finally, Draw a circle on the board and write in the middle: Ways of
looking forward to the start of next week, temperatures should drop expressing the future. Elicit what future forms Ss know and draw
20
a little with a cooler breeze moving in from the north. And with that lines out from the circle to create a spidergram with their ideas.
it’s back to you, Alan.
Conversation 3 7a 3.2 Focus attention on the sentences and give Ss a
A: I think we should maybe go back. It’s getting thicker.
moment to read through them. Play the recording for Ss to
23
B: It’ll be fine. I’m sure it’ll clear soon and brighten up.
A: Seriously? Look at it and I’m sure it’s starting to spit with rain.
underline which sentences the speakers say, then check in pairs.
B: Come on! Stop moaning! We’re in the mountains, getting some fresh Check answers with the class.
air, exercise.
A: But it’s miserable. I mean, if I am going to drag myself up a mountain, Answers:
I at least want to see something and not get completely soaked in the 1 It’s supposed to be warming up.
process. 2 The hot weather is set to continue.
B: Sheesh! We’re also supposed to be enjoying the peace and quiet
3 So beware if you’re considering travelling there.
together – but I can see that’s not going to happen.
4 Temperatures should drop.
A: So we’re going back?
B: Look! The sun’s coming through over there. 5 They’ll still be serving if we go now.
A: I think you’re seeing things. That’s what the fog does to you. 6 I’m supposed to be visiting a friend.
51
b Focus attention on the headings in the grammar box and ask if 9 Ss choose the correct alternatives alone, then check in pairs.
Unit 3
any of these forms are new. Ss complete the Grammar box alone, Check answers with the class.
then check in pairs. Encourage Ss to use the example sentences in
Ex 7a to help. When they have finished, check answers with Answers:
the class. 1 are set to; should see
2 it’ll probably be raining
Answers: 1 reporting 2 predictions 3 formal 4 plans 3 We’re thinking; It’s supposed to be
5 pleasant 6 unpleasant 7 in progress 4 I’m supposed to be going
5 It shouldn’t be
S
Grammar checkpoint
10 Give Ss a few minutes to think about what they’re going to
There is no future ‘tense’ in English. Instead there are
say, then put them in pairs to share their ideas. When they have
am
different ways of referring to the future, both grammatically

finished, ask a few Ss to share anything interesting they found out
and lexically. The form we use depends on how we view the
about their partner with the class.
future activity or how we want it to be viewed. For example,
if you’re at a family get-together and want to watch the Further practice
football on TV but you know it’ll be rude, instead of saying ‘I’m
pl

going to watch the football’ (planned decision), you might say,
3A Grammar 2, p172
‘I’ll just see what’s on TV. Oh look, it’s the football!’ (unplanned
decision). Alternatively, if you want a housemate to go to the
e
shop and buy something for you, instead of saying, ‘Will you
got to the shop while you’re out?’ (request), you might say,
Speaking
M
‘Will you be going to the shop while you’re out?’ (something

happening as part of the natural order of things). Prepare
11a Read the example with the class, then ask Ss to write four
at
forecasts. Encourage them to use the weather phrases from

earlier in the lesson.
b Ss write their plans alone. Monitor and help if necessary, writing
er
check the notes with Ss, especially any forms which are new
any new vocabulary on the board.
for your Ss. In each exercise, elicit the first answer as an
12 3.5 The purpose of this exercise is for Ss to hear a model
example. Ss work alone to complete the exercises, then
of the final speaking task in Ex 13. Read the questions with the
check their answers in pairs. In feedback, elicit Ss’ answers
ia
class so they know what to listen for, then play the recording for
Ss to answer the questions. Ask Ss to check answers in pairs, then
Answers: check answers with the class.
l©
1 1 working 2 is/looks 3 of (about is also possible)

4 considering (debating is also possible) 5 shouldn’t Answers:
6 should (will is also possible) 7 be 1 There’s going to be a thunderstorm tomorrow, but it should
8 supposed (going is also possible) brighten up in the afternoon.
2 1 am supposed to be revising (am supposed to revise is 2 No. The second speaker is supposed to be meeting a friend
P
also possible) for a coffee so can’t go for a walk tomorrow afternoon when
2 are expected to the weather will be OK.
ea
3 It shouldn’t be (that)
4 will be watching Audioscript 3.5
5 is predicted to be
A: What are you up to tomorrow morning?
6 are you thinking of going
rs
B: I’m thinking of going for a walk. Do you fancy coming?

A: Seriously? Haven’t you heard? There’s going to be a thunderstorm
8a 3.3 Ss listen and write the five sentences they hear. Don’t tomorrow.
play the recording again. B: Is that right? Well, in that case, I might as well stay at home.
on
A: But apparently it should brighten up in the afternoon, so we could go

b 3.4 Ask Ss to compare what they wrote in pairs, then check
somewhere then.
answers with the class. Write the sentences on the board as you B: Oh. I’m not sure if I can. I’m supposed to be meeting a friend for a
elicit them or ask Ss to come to the board and write them. When coffee then.
they are ready, play the recording for Ss to listen and repeat. A: OK. Well, never mind. Next time, then.
20
Answers:
Speak
1 I’ll be seeing him later.
2 There’s supposed to be a thunderstorm tonight. 13 Go through the Useful phrases with the class, then put Ss in
23
3 It’s set to change in the future. A/B pairs. Read the instructions with the class, then tell Ss to
4 I’m hoping to avoid the flooding. have their conversations. Monitor and make notes on Ss’ language
5 It should brighten up this afternoon. use for later feedback. When they have finished, ask a few Ss what
plans they made, then give Ss feedback on their language use as
a class.

After they’ve finished their conversations, Ss could swap roles
and/or change partners and repeat.
52
Unit 3
Reflection on learning Optional extra activity
Write the following questions on the board: Do a board race with the pairs of collocations in Ex 2. Put Ss into
How confident do you feel discussing the future in English? two large teams and ask them to line up along either side of the
What else would you like to know about the future in English? classroom, facing the board. Give a board pen to the student at
How can you find it out? the front of each team. Call out a verb, e.g. plead. The two Ss with
Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have board pens then run to the board and write the two collocations,
finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the i.e. guilty, not guilty. Other Ss can help by calling out. The first
class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not. team to write them correctly wins a point. Ss then pass their pens
to the next student in their line and repeat. The team with the
S
most points at the end wins.

Homework ideas
am
Language bank: 3A Ex 1–2, p141 3 Read the example with the class and elicit which sentence in
Workbook: Ex 1–6, p20 Ex 2 it relates to (1). Put Ss in pairs to create situations for five
App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice of the sentences. Monitor and help with ideas and vocabulary if
necessary, writing any new words and phrases on the board. When
they have finished, ask a few pairs to share their situations with
pl
the class and find out if others came up with the same thing.
Fast route: continue to Lesson 3B
Extended route: go to p120 for Develop your writing Optional extra activity
e
When Ss have created their situations in pairs, put pairs together

in groups of four. Ss take turns to read out their situations for the
M
other pair to guess which sentences they refer to.

at

3B Law and order Crime
er
vocabulary section.
Introduction 1 Ss complete the stories alone, then check in pairs.
The goal of this lesson is for students to discuss legal cases and Check answers with the class.
ia
consequences. To help them achieve this, they will learn or revise Answers:
verb patterns and reporting and vocabulary related to the law 1 held up; armed; made off with; run; hiding
and courts.
l©
2 raid; seized; fire; wounded; custody

3 freed; assaulting; offensive; conviction; example
Warm up 4 undercover; posed; front; trial; bail
Arrange Ss in small groups, then give them three minutes to 2 Ask Ss to complete the collocations alone. Check answers
brainstorm words for as many crimes as they can. When time is with the class.
P
up, ask one student from each group to come to the board to write
their list. Make sure they don’t take any paper with them – instead Answers:
ea
ask other group members to call out their answers to help them. 1 on 2 go 3 open 4 hold 5 previous 6 make 7 stand
8 set
Vocabulary 3 You could demonstrate by telling the class about a TV

show, film or news story and describing it with six of the
rs
The law and courts

words and phrases from Ex 1. Give Ss time to think of what
1a Focus attention on the pictures and elicit what crimes are
they’re going to say and make notes (if necessary). When
shown. Then tell Ss to put them in order from least to most
they are ready, put Ss in pairs to share their ideas.
on
serious alone.
Answers: Further practice

A burglary B parking offence C pickpocketing Photocopiable activities: 3B Vocabulary, p176
D graffiti / criminal damage App: 3B Vocabulary practice 1 and 2
20
E illegal downloading / copyright infringement F speeding
b Put Ss in pairs to compare their answers from Ex 1a and explain

their reasons.
23
2 Read the example with the class. With weaker classes, you
may wish to go through the words and phrases in the box first
and explain the meanings. Ss complete the sentences alone, then
Answers:
1 not guilty 2 damages of $3 million 3 online fraud
4 in favour of 5 access to information 6 the verdict
7 of corruption 8 the defence 9 a nuisance 10 the patent
53
Reading Grammar
Unit 3
4 Focus attention on the texts and explain that they describe Verb patterns and reporting
three legal cases that had ongoing consequences. Read the 7 Write on the board: You should go to the police. Underneath,
questions with the class so they know what to look for in the write: She advised … and elicit how we can report the original
texts, then give Ss a few minutes to read the texts and answer the sentence (She advised me to go to the police.). Give Ss a few
questions. Check answers with the class. minutes to read through the grammar box and ask you any
questions they have. Ss then match the verbs in bold in the texts
Answers: to the verb patterns, before checking in pairs. Check answers with
1 a Samsung the class.
S
b Apple; accused Samsung of copying the iPhone’s design

and key software features Answers:
am
c Jury decided in favour of Apple announced – verb + (that ) clause

2 a Standard Liege accused – verb (+ object) + preposition
b Bosman; claimed his freedom of movement was being accepted – verb + object
restricted refused – verb + infinitive
pl
c Judges ruled in favour of Bosman persuaded – verb + object + (that ) clause

3 a a cricket club force – verb + object + infinitive
b The Millers; claimed the club was causing a nuisance denied – verb + -ing
e
c Judge ruled against the Millers

Culture notes
M
Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co. was a series of lawsuits check the notes with Ss, especially the fact that reporting
in which Apple claimed that Samsung had infringed their patents verbs often summarise rather than report exact words. In
at
(i.e. copied their ideas). It started in the spring of 2011 and by each exercise, elicit the first answer as an example. Ss work
August 2011 it involved 19 cases in 9 countries. By July 2012, this alone to complete the exercises, then check their answers in
had increased to 50 cases and became know as ‘the smartphone pairs. In feedback, elicit Ss’ answers and drill the questions.
er
wars’. A settlement was finally reached in 2018, though the terms Ss can refer to the notes to help them.
of the settlement were not made public.
Answers:
Jean-Marc Bosman is a former Belgian professional footballer.
1 1 blamed me for being / blamed me for making them
ia
His legal challenge to the football transfer rules was a landmark

2 assured me everything was/is
judgment, which became known as the Bosman ruling in 1995.
3 to call the police if
Miller v. Jackson was a famous court ruling in England and Wales 4 vowed not/never to do/vowed he wouldn’t do
l©
in 1977. The Millers accused the club of nuisance and negligence 5 expressed their sadness over/about
as cricket balls were being knocked into their garden. The first 6 begged me to come
judge to hear their case ruled in their favour, though this was 7 was even considering stealing
overturned at the court of appeal by Lord Denning. 2 1 (that) she knew 2 correct 3 me to take
4 denied using the company profits
P
5 Ss read the texts again more carefully and decide alone if the 5 managed to successfully argue
statements are true, false or not mentioned, then check in pairs. 6 the young woman to get
ea

8a Say the first word in the box (admitted ) and elicit the
Answers: 1 T 2 F 3 T 4 NM 5 NM answer as an example. Ss categorise the other verbs alone, then
check in pairs. Check answers with the class and model the verbs
rs
6 Ss discuss the questions in small groups. When they have for Ss to repeat.
finished, elicit answers from a few groups and have a brief class
discussion. Answers: a asked, promised
on
b argued, blamed, criticised, warned c admitted

Suggested answers:
1 Ss’ own answers
2 other copyright and patent infringements; companies not Pronunciation checkpoint
allowing employees to relocate; people bringing charges of When a regular infinitive verb ends in a vowel sound or
20
nuisance in similar situations voiced consonant sound (e.g. /z/, /uː/, /n/), it finishes with
3 Samsung losing a lot of money or the quality of their the sound /d/ in the past simple: argued, blamed, criticised,
technology suffering; football clubs losing money or their warned.
best players to richer clubs; the new occupants of the house When a regular infinitive verb ends in an unvoiced consonant
23
suffering the same problems sound (e.g. /s/, /k/), it finishes with the sound /t/ in the past
simple: asked, promised. However, regular infinitives which end
in /t/ or /d/ finish with /ɪd/, in the past simple: admitted, needed.
Ss can check whether a sound is voiced or unvoiced by
touching their throats when saying the sound: voiced sounds
produce a vibration in the throat.
b 3.6 Ss listen to the recording and write the sentences they

hear. Ask Ss if they noticed how the -ed endings are reduced or
even disappear when the sentences are said quickly.
54
c 3.7 Ss compare what they wrote in pairs, then check
Unit 3
Answers:
answers with the class. Play the recording so Ss can repeat the 1 the Millers and the cricket club
sentences. 2 They agree with the verdict. The Millers must have known
about the cricket pitch when they moved there.
Answers:
3 The implication is that people moving into lively areas can’t
1 The government’s promised to crack down on tax avoidance.
complain about noise, etc.
2 The prosecution’s asked the judge to throw the case out.
3 The driver admitted breaking the law.
Audioscript 3.8
4 Activists have criticised the judge’s decision.
A: Did you see that thing in the paper about the couple who took their
S
5 His lawyers argued that he won’t get a fair trial.

6 The judge warned the jury to ignore press reports about local cricket club to court?
B: No. What was that?
the trial.
am
A: Oh, there was this couple who lived next door to a cricket pitch and
7 The airline blamed the delay on technical problems. every now and then a ball from a game would end up in their garden
or hit their roof or whatever …
Pronunciation checkpoint B: That must get quite annoying.
A: Yeah, but it was only a few times a year, and the club offered to pay
Often in fast speech certain sounds disappear. This process
pl
for any damage, so …

is called elision. This is especially true for the sounds /t/ and B: It could still be dangerous, though, like if it hit you on the head …
/d/ when they occur between two consonant sounds. This A: I guess, but that never happened. Anyway, they wanted to try and
rarely leads to a breakdown in communication as the form is force the club to stop playing cricket there, even though that had
e
clear through the context. been going on for years and years before they even moved in.
B: That’s a pretty extreme demand. So what happened in the end?
A: Oh, it sounds like the judge just threw it out of court, which makes
M
9a Ss work alone to choose the correct alternatives. Explain that perfect sense. I mean, they must’ve known they’d be living near a
both options may be correct. Don’t give any answers yet. cricket pitch when they moved there, you know.
b Ask Ss to compare answers, then check answers as a class. As B: Yeah. Fair enough. Does that mean that residents shouldn’t be able
at
a class, discuss how the form of each sentence would need to complain about the noise from bars or clubs if they move into a
lively area?
change if the crossed out verbs were used. Check answers with
A: I guess so. Do you think that’s a good thing?
the class (see bracketed parts below). B: Absolutely. If you want to live close to where the action is, you have
er
to expect some noise.

Answers:
1 threatened (I warned them that I would report them to
12 Put Ss in A/B pairs, then refer them the relevant pages to
ia
the police if it happened again.)

look at their cases. Each student chooses one of the cases and
2 both
prepares to tell their partner about it.
3 promised (They’ve discussed doing more to enforce parking
l©
rules in the area.) Speak

4 both
13 Go through the Useful phrases with the class. Pairs take turns
5 rejected (The prime Minister has agreed to resign/agreed to
to tell each other about their cases, then discuss together what
demands for his resignation.)
they think should happen and why. Monitor and make notes on Ss’
6 encouraging (Police are demanding that anyone with any
language use for later feedback. When they have finished, ask a
P
information should come forward.)

few Ss to share their ideas with the class and find out if other Ss
7 advised (My dad suggested (that) I (should) take out a patent
agree. Give Ss feedback on their language use as a class.
ea
on my invention. / My dad suggested taking out …)

8 both
10a Give Ss plenty of time to choose a topic and prepare what to Write the following questions on the board:
rs
say. They can make notes or just prepare silently. Monitor and help What was the most interesting case you learnt about today?
if necessary, writing any new vocabulary on the board. How confident do you feel using reporting verbs?
b Ss share their stories in small groups. When they have finished, How can you practise these further in the future?
on
nominate a student from each group to share an interesting Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have
experience from their group with the class. finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the
Further practice
20
Photocopiable activities: 3B Grammar 1, p174; Homework ideas

3B Grammar 2, p175
App: 3B Grammar practice 1 and 2
23
Speaking
Prepare
11 3.8Remind Ss of the three legal case they read about in
Ex 5. Explain that Ss will now hear two people discussing one of
the cases. Go through the questions so Ss know what to listen for,
then play the recording for Ss to answer the questions. Ss check in
pairs, then check answers with the class.
55
Language focus
Unit 3
3C Fair play even and hardly

5a Ss read the two extracts, then answer the questions in pairs.
Introduction
The goal of this lesson is for students to talk about sports events Answers: a hardly b even
and news stories. To help them achieve this, they will learn or c they come before the verb/word they emphasise
revise the use of even and hardly and vocabulary related to sports
events, actions and news. b Ss read and complete the language focus box alone, then check
S
in pairs. Check answers with the class and answer any questions
Ss have.
am
Warm up
Write on the board: SPORT and elicit as many sports as you Answers:
can from Ss, writing them on the board. Put Ss in groups of at 1 before 2 almost doesn’t happen 3 should not 4 after
least four and explain the activity: In each group, Student A
says, for example: Yesterday, I went swimming. Student B must
pl

then remember what was said before and add a new sport, e.g.
Yesterday, I went swimming and played tennis. Student C then Stronger classes could read the notes at home. Otherwise,
adds a further sport, and so on. The game continues until one check the notes with Ss, especially the fact that we don’t
e
student can’t remember all the sports said. Monitor and make sure normally use hardly with other negative words. Elicit the
Ss are using the appropriate verbs for each sport, and correct if first answer as an example. Ss work alone to complete the
exercise, then check their answers in pairs. In feedback, elicit
M
necessary.
Ss’ answers and drill the questions. Ss can refer to the notes
to help them.
Reading
at
Answers:
1 Ss answer the questions in pairs. When they have finished, 1 1 It was so noisy I could hardly hear myself think …
elicit Ss’ answers and have a brief class discussion. 2 It was so cold, even the local people were complaining …
er
3 I could hardly stay awake, even though it was an

Answers: exciting race.
1 A playing tennis B playing badminton C ice skating 4 I was so busy I hardly had time to speak to anyone …
ia
D swimming E playing football F racing driving 5 He was so rude, he even managed to annoy Juana …
2 They are all women. 6 I offered to pay for the tickets, but even then hardly
3 Ss’ own answers anyone wanted to come …
l©
7 … and we hope to attract even more in the future.

2 Ss discuss the statements in pairs. Encourage them to give 8 Even I can’t watch a whole game of snooker and there’s
reasons for their opinions. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ ideas hardly any sport that I wouldn’t watch.
and open it up to a wider class discussion.
3 Give Ss a few minutes to read the opinion piece and decide 6a 3.12 Ss listen and write the sentences, paying attention
P
whether the author would agree with each of the statements in to how even and hardly are stressed.
Ex 2 and why or why not. When they have finished, check answers
b 3.13 Ask Ss to compare what they wrote, then check
ea
with the class and elicit evidence for their answers.

answers with the class. Play the recording for Ss to listen and
repeat.
Suggested answers:
1 agree (80% of sponsorship deals for male-only sports, only
Answers:
rs
3.2% of airtime for women’s sports)

1 I could hardly hear myself think.
2 disagree (participation has soared, more women watching
2 He didn’t even offer to help.
now too)
3 They didn’t even apologise.
on
3 disagree (financial opportunities being missed, generate

4 They even tried to blame us.
extra income)
5 I could hardly believe my ears.
4 disagree (rising participation levels)
6 She hardly spoke to me all evening.
5 agree (opportunities being missed)
6 agree (lack of focus on women’s sport … far fewer women
20
7a Ss rewrite the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check

and girls exercise to keep fit than men)
4 Ss read the summaries and choose the best one alone, then
Answers: 1 ’d hardly touched 2 could hardly see
23
3 was hardly sweating 4 hardly played
Answer: The best summary is sentence 2.

b Ss discuss the difference in meaning between the sentences
with even and those with hardly in pairs. Check the answer with
the class.
Answers:
The even sentences are stronger.
not even = absolutely nothing; hardly = almost nothing
56
8 Elicit the first answer as an example. Ss complete the rest of the
Unit 3
sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
With weaker classes, put Ss in pairs and allocate three or four of
the words and phrases to each pair. Ss look them up in dictionaries
Answers:
or on their mobile devices and check they understand the
1 She won the competition, but she didn’t even get a trophy.
meaning. Monitor and help if necessary. When they have finished,
2 He played terribly. He didn’t even win a game in the last set.
put Ss in larger groups to share what they found out.
3 She actually seems to be playing even better than she was
before she got injured.
4 I’m usually optimistic, but even I thought they’d lose. 11 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Clarify
that Ss may need to change the form of some words. Check
S
9 Demonstrate the activity by telling the class your own endings answers with the class.
to one or two of the sentence starters. In pairs, Ss take turns to
am
complete the sentences. Monitor and help if necessary, writing Answers: 1 sponsorship 2 turned pro 3 dived
any new vocabulary on the board. When they have finished, ask a 4 possession 5 lap; neck and neck 6 talking back 7 strokes
few pairs to share their endings with the class. 8 fouling 9 burn off 10 disqualified; bribes
pl
Suggested answers: Optional extra activity

1 … could hardly walk. / … couldn’t even bend down to put my Ask Ss to choose three of the words and phrases from Ex 10 and
shoes on. think of a recent news or sports story involving their chosen words
e
2 ’d even get out of breath going up the stairs. / could hardly or phrases. When they are ready, put Ss in pairs to discuss and
run for the bus, let alone run 5k. share their stories.
3 … I could hardly stop jumping up and down. / … I didn’t even
M
care they’d cost so much. 12 Ss discuss their ideas in pairs. When they have finished, elicit
4 … could hardly speak. / … didn’t even know what day it was! Ss’ ideas and find out if anyone else thought of the same things.
5 … could hardly hear ourselves think. / … weren’t even able to
at
leave the house. Suggested answers:

1 Formula One racing, 1500m track race
Further practice 2 cheating, taking banned substances
er
Photocopiable activities: 3C Language focus 1, p177; 3 go for a bike ride, walk 10,000 steps a day
ia
App: 3C Language focus practice 1 and 2 VOCABULARY BANK 3C p158

Phrasal nouns and phrasal verbs
Vocabulary
l©
vocabulary section.
Sports events, actions and news 1 Ss match the phrasal nouns with the meanings alone,
10 In pairs, Ss discuss the meanings of the words in bold. then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
Encourage them to look words up in dictionaries or on their mobile
Answers:
devices if they’re not sure. When they have finished, go through
P
1d 2b 3e 4g 5f 6a 7c
the meanings with the class. Check understanding by asking
focused questions such as: What might be an example of a bribe? 2a Ss complete the questions alone, then check in pairs.
ea
(money, a free holiday) If you’re disqualified, can you compete? Check answers with the class.
(no) If you talk back, are you being polite? (no).
Answers:
Answers: 1 turned out 2 break in 3 work out 4 lie down
rs
bribe = a payment or other incentive to make someone do 5 write up 6 mixed up 7 went ahead
something illegal or immoral b Ss discuss the questions in pairs. In feedback, nominate a
disqualified = stopped from competing (because they broke a
on
few Ss to share their ideas with the class.

rule)
neck and neck = be very close in a race
Further practice
lap = one go around a circuit (a race may be several laps of the
circuit) Photocopiable activities: 3C Vocabulary, p179
App: 3C Vocabulary practice 1 and 2
20
burn off = use calories or fat that you have eaten

dive = move or jump quickly in a particular direction or into a
particular place
turning pro = becoming professional
23
foul = do something to another player that is against the rules

of the sport
possession = control of the ball (in football, rugby, hockey, etc.)
stroke = the act of hitting the ball with a bat or racket
sponsorship (deal) = when a company gives money to an event
or sportsperson in return for advertising or publicity
talk back = reply in a rude way to a referee, teacher or parent
who is giving an order or punishment
57
Speaking
Unit 3
Prepare
13 Give Ss plenty of time to choose two of the topics and prepare
what they want to say, making notes if they wish. Monitor and
help if necessary, writing any new vocabulary on the board. Introduction
14 3.14 Go through the questions so Ss know what to listen The goal of this lesson is for Ss to practise giving a short, clearly
for. Ss listen and answer the questions alone, then check in pairs. structured presentation. To help them achieve this, they will learn
Check answers with the class. phrases for introducing a presentation and signposting. They also
learn vocabulary related to gender stereotypes.
S
Answers:
1 a personal sporting achievement
am
Warm up
2 It’s one of the things the man is most proud of in his life.
3 It was physically very difficult.
In what situations do people give presentations?
Audioscript 3.14
Have you ever given a presentation? What was it for?
pl
Have you ever given a presentation in English?

A: Did you know I once ran a marathon? How confident would you feel doing so?
B: Seriously? Or are you joking?
A: No, it’s true. It was quite a long time ago now, but I did it. Sport
e
never really used to be my thing. I mean, I hardly ever watched it or answers from a few pairs and have a brief class discussion.
anything, but my flat mate at the time was really into jogging and
managed to persuade me to join her one night.
Vocabulary and listening 1
M
B: OK.
A: And I just took to it. Within a few weeks, I was totally addicted and Gender stereotypes
found myself running longer and longer distances every day. I mean,
1a Focus attention on the photos. Ss discuss the questions in
at
I even started running to and from work, you know. And so the
logical thing to do was to start setting targets for myself: 5K, 10K, pairs. When they have finished, elicit a few Ss’ ideas and have a
half-marathon and then the big one. brief class discussion.
B: Wow. That must’ve involved loads of training. b Ss discuss the question in pairs, giving reasons for their
er
A: Yeah, it did, but it was worth it. It’s one of the things I’m most proud answers. In feedback, you could ask which gender they associate
of in my life. I’ll tell you what, though. It wasn’t easy. each item with via a show of hands.
B: No, I bet it wasn’t.
2 3.15 Tell Ss they are going to hear the start of a
ia
A: From about the eighteen-mile mark on, I couldn’t even feel my legs.
And when I crossed the finishing line, I was half-dead. When I took presentation about men and women. Read the questions with
my trainers off, they were full of blood. the class so they know what to listen for. Ss listen and answer the
B: Oh! Spare me the details! Please. questions alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
l©
Answers:
Speak
1 Why do men and women continue to be treated differently in
15 Go through the Useful phrases with the class, then put Ss in
the world of work?
small groups to share their stories. Monitor and make notes on Ss’
2 a documentary that claims the differences are due to nurture/
P
language use for later feedback.

the way we bring up our kids
3 outline of the documentary, the presenter’s own thoughts,
ea
discussion
What three phrases did you learn that were most useful today? Audioscript 3.15
How will you use these in the future, do you think?
rs
Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have Hello everyone. Thanks for coming today. … Why do men and women
continue to be treated differently in the world of work? Women are
still paid less when they do similar types of work to men and they’re
on
less likely to work in areas such as engineering and science, but more
likely to do jobs in the arts and the caring professions. Yet even in those
Homework ideas areas where there are plenty of women, there are still more men in
management positions. I believe the important question to ask ourselves
Language bank: 3C Ex 1, p141 is: why? I’m here today to talk to you about an interesting documentary
Workbook: Ex 1–5, p22 on this subject presented by Dr Javid Abdelmoneim. He believes it is all
20
App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice to do with nurture – the way we bring up our kids. So, what I’ll do first is
give you a brief outline of the programme; I’ll then go on to give some of
my own thoughts, before finally opening up the floor for discussion. OK …
23

58
3 Explain that the introduction to a presentation is important as Listening 2
Unit 3
it outlines what you are going to say and helps prepare listeners
for what they’re about to hear. Focus attention on the phrases 5 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit
and headings in the Useful phrases 1 box. Ss read the phrases and Ss’ answers and have a brief class discussion.
decide which ones they heard the speaker use in Ex 2. Play the 6a 3.16 Ss listen to the rest of the presentation and make
recording again for Ss to listen and check, then check answers notes to answer the questions they discussed in Ex 5.
with the class.
Audioscript 3.16
Answers: OK, so the documentary is called No more girls and boys: can our kids go
S
Explaining the structure gender free? It shows how seven-year-olds are already forming strong
(I’m here today to talk to you about …) ideas about the difference between boys and girls and their future roles,
What I’ll do first is … but, importantly, it also aims to reveal how these attitudes are formed
am
and how they can be changed.

I’ll then go on to …
Dr Abdelmoneim presents evidence from a brain expert who explains
… before finally -ing
that there is basically no physical difference between the brains of boys
Outlining what will happen
and girls at this age. He adds that this is also true when it comes to
give you a brief outline of … strength: seven-year-old boys and girls have the same muscle mass. Yet
pl
give some of my own thoughts … when the kids’ attitudes are tested, they show major differences: boys
open(ing) up the floor for discussion. have higher self-esteem and they judge their own intelligence more
highly than girls do. On the other hand, boys score lower than the girls in
e
terms of the vocabulary they use to describe their emotions – well, all
emotions apart from anger, that is.
Books closed. Divide the board into two sections and at the top of Typically, girls use words connected with looks to talk about themselves:
M
each write the two main headings from the Useful phrases 1 box: pretty, lipstick, dresses, ugly, but use words like football, in charge,
Explaining the structure and Outlining what will happen. Elicit strong and fighting to talk about boys. Abdelmoneim suggests that if
phrases which could go in each category and write them in the there is no difference between girls and boys physically or mentally
at
relevant sections. Ss then open their books and compare their at this age, then these differences in attitude must come from the
messages we pass on to kids. He gives the example of an experiment
ideas with the phrases given. They then do Ex 3.
where carers choose ‘boys’ toys such as cars and robots for a baby girl
dressed as a boy and ‘girls’ toys such as dolls for a baby boy dressed as
er
4a Ss choose one of the topics and write their presentation a girl. Abdelmoneim goes on to explain how this kind of toy and activity
introduction in pairs, using the Useful phrases. Monitor and check selection for different genders impacts on kids’ achievements in areas
Ss are using the phrases correctly and help with any vocabulary. such as maths. Basically, boys typically do better in these areas because
they get to practise these things more in their play.
ia
b When they have finished, ask each pair to read out their
Abdelmoneim attempts to prove these points through a series of
introduction to the class. If you have a large class and/or are short
experiments carried out in a primary school class. These range from
of time, Ss can read out their introductions to another pair rather
rearranging a coat cupboard which had been separated into girls and
l©
than the class. boys, to displaying ‘gender equal’ messages in the room such as ‘boys
are sensitive’ and ‘girls are clever’, to giving girls and boys extra practice
Teaching tip in areas that they are supposedly bad at. They also did a number of
awareness-raising tasks to challenge their ideas. For example, the
With large classes, you can save time during feedback stages
kids had to assess how they think they would do in a strength test
by putting Ss in groups to report back, rather than asking them
P
and then compare this against how they actually performed. The girls
to report back to the class. Some Ss may also feel less self- saw both how they performed equally with the boys, and also got to
conscious when they feed back in smaller groups. If you use notice how they undervalued themselves. At the end of the three-
ea
group feedback like this, monitor carefully and note down a few month experiment, the results showed improvements in all the areas
examples of errors for correction and good language use from first tested, compared to another class that didn’t take part in the
each group, so that Ss still feel listened to by their teacher. experiments.
OK. So, that’s the outline. Now, turning to my own thoughts, I found
rs
the programme really fascinating. It made me think a lot about my own

education and upbringing. Overall, I suppose the programme was more
focused on boosting girls’ self-esteem, because it’s women who suffer
on
inequality later in life, but what I liked most was that the experiment also
benefited boys. I’ve since seen one of the mothers being interviewed
and she commented on how her son was better behaved and nicer to his
sister as a result of the changes at school.
I suppose my main doubt about it is how far these ideas could be
20
implemented in every school and every class and how far such changes
would really change gender inequality at work if they were. For example,
one task involved students meeting professionals who challenged the
kids’ stereotypes – such as a female mechanic and a male make-up
artist. How easy would that be to organise everywhere? And what
23
happens in the next class they have? Do these attitudes last?

I believe that to make a real difference, we need to train teachers
and even structure schools differently. It’s not the easiest solution,
but I believe radical thinking about how we treat girls and boys in the
classroom is the only way to help change attitudes for good.
OK. That’s basically all I have to say for the moment, but I’d like to open
things out to the group now and see what you think or if you have any
questions. … Anyone … don’t be shy … Yes over there …
59
b Put Ss in pairs to compare their notes. If necessary, play the
Unit 3
recording again. Go through the answers with the class.
When we speak, air passes through our vocal cords which
Answers: make them vibrate. The faster they vibrate (i.e. when more
1 There are no real physical or mental differences at this age, air passes through them), the higher the tone. The slower
but already major differences in their attitudes – boys have they vibrate (i.e. with less air), the lower the tone. Therefore,
higher self-esteem and rate their intelligence more highly; when we have more to say, air is still passing through our
girls score higher in terms of empathy and expressing vocal cords and so we speak with a rising or level tone. When
emotions – though boys express anger more! we come to the end of a section, the air slows down and
our voice has a falling tone, which sounds ‘final’. Teaching
S
2 The documentary only discusses seven-year-olds in detail.

It mentions that it is women who suffer inequality later in life this simple rule can help Ss become more expressive and
but doesn’t describe the differences. confident when they speak, so preparing the introduction to
am
3 The documentary supports the view that the differences are a presentation in this way can help them start with impact
definitely more to do with nurture and are therefore cultural and confidence.
differences.
b Ss take turns reading out their annotated sections in pairs.
pl
7 Read the first part of the Useful phrases 2 box with the class, Encourage them to give each other suggestions for improvement,
explaining that signposting is important as it help guide listeners thinking about pausing, stress and intonation. When they have
through a presentation. Give Ss plenty of time to read the Useful finished, ask if anyone wants to read out the section to the class.
e
phrases and try to remember which kinds of signposting the Ask: Do you feel more confident reading aloud this way?
speaker used. Ss could compare answers briefly in pairs. When
they are ready, play the recording again for Ss to listen and check. Speaking
M

10a Ss choose one of the topics and prepare the information
Answers: they’ll include and use the Useful phrases from the lesson to work
at
The speaker explicitly stated she was ending one section and out how they will explain the structure and signpost it. Monitor
turning to another. (OK. So, that’s the outline. Now, turning to and offer help if necessary.
my own thoughts, …)
er

She also introduced the discussion. (OK. That’s basically all I
have to say for the moment, but I’d like to open things out to the If you have time, you could ask Ss to write out their introduction
group now and see what you think or if you have any questions.) in full and annotate it to include pauses, emphasised words and
ia
rising and falling tones, as in Ex 9a.

8a Ss prepare their ideas alone. Monitor and help with ideas and
vocabulary if necessary. b Ss practise giving their presentations in pairs. When they have
l©
b Elicit Ss’ ideas and ask other Ss to say if they agree. Ss can also finished, ask if anyone would like to give their presentation to the
try to answer the questions that their classmates came up with. class. Ss could also record their presentations so that they can
listen to them after class.
Suggested answer:
How the speaker kept the listeners’ attention: summarising, Reflection on learning
P
giving examples, giving their own opinion, inviting listeners to Write the following questions on the board:
ask questions and encouraging them to do so
ea
Do you feel more confident giving presentations in English now?

What helped the most?
Optional alternative activity Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have
Do this as a ‘mingling’ activity. Ask Ss to get up and walk around finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the
rs
the class, comparing ideas with other Ss and trying to find the class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not.
answers to each other’s questions. In feedback, ask a few Ss how
successful they were. Homework ideas
on
Reflection on learning: Write your answers.

9a Go through the pronunciation pointers for short presentations
in the information box, then ask Ss to annotate the section of the
presentation given. When they are ready, check answers with the
class. If you can, project the text on to the board and annotate it
20
Roadmap video
there with Ss’ help.
Suggested answer:
OK.  / So,  / that’s the outline.  / Now, turning to my own
23
thoughts,  / I found the programme really fascinating.  /

It made me think a lot about my own education and
upbringing.  / Overall,  / I suppose the programme was more
focused on boosting girls’ self-esteem,  / because it’s women
who suffer inequality later in life,  / but what I liked most was
that the experiment also benefited boys.  / I’ve since seen one
of the mothers being interviewed  / and she commented on
how her son was better behaved  / and nicer to his sister  /
as a result of the changes at school. 
60
Prepare
Unit 3
3A Develop your writing 6a Go through the topics with the class, then ask Ss to choose
one, or come up with their own idea.
b Arrange Ss in groups according to the topics they chose, then
Introduction ask them to brainstorm ideas to include. Monitor and help with
ideas and vocabulary, writing any new words and phrases on
Ss develop the skill of writing an effective leaflet by learning how
the board.
to write effective paragraphs.
c Ss plan their leaflets, using the Focus box and the ideas in Ex 5
to help. Monitor and offer help if necessary.
S
Warm up
Collect and bring to class a variety of leaflets in English. These are Write
am
usually available in tourist offices, train stations, big supermarkets, 7a Remind Ss of the checklist in Ex 3a, then give Ss plenty of time
libraries and post offices. Arrange Ss into small groups and give a to write their first drafts. Monitor and offer help and corrections if
few leaflets out to each group. Write on the board: necessary.
What’s the leaflet for? b Ss exchange leaflets in pairs and check each other’s work, again
What images does it have? using the checklist in Ex 3a. Monitor and answer any questions Ss
pl
What kind of language does it use? have.

Does it make you want to find out more information? 8 Ss write their second drafts, following the suggestions they’ve
e
Ss discuss the questions about the leaflets in their groups. When received. If you’re short of time, they could write their second
they have finished, ask groups to choose their favourite one and drafts for homework.
present it to the class, saying why they like it.
M
Homework ideas
1 Focus attention on the cover of the leaflet. Ss discuss the Ex 8: Write a second draft of your leaflet.
questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ answers and Workbook: Ex 1–8, pp.26–27
at
have a brief class discussion. App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice
2a Ss read the leaflet and answer the questions alone, then
er
Answers: 1 a 2 c 3 c 4 b
ia
b Ss discuss the question in pairs. When they have finished, elicit

Ss’ ideas and discuss the question as a class.
3a Check understanding of the features if necessary, then ask Ss
l©
to tick the features alone.

Introduction
b Put Ss in pairs to compare ideas, then check answers with
the class. Ss develop the listening skill of understanding a podcast by
learning to recognise fractions and multiples.
Answer:
P
All the features make the leaflet effective apart from an Warm up
academic tone and a balance of opinions.
ea
4a Ss discuss the features of an effective paragraph in a leaflet Do you ever listen to podcasts? Why/Why not?
in pairs. Which ones do you listen to?
What do you like about them?
b Ask Ss to read the Focus box and check their ideas.
rs
If you were going to make a podcast, what would it be about? Why?

5a Read the example with the class, then ask Ss to divide the
information into sections for a leaflet. Ss compare ideas in pairs,
then check answers with the class. 1 Focus attention on the photo and elicit what Ss can see. You
on
may wish to check understanding of sacrifice (= when you deny

Answers: yourself something in order to have something more valuable later
Introduction: 1, 2 Section 1: 3, 4 Section 2: 5–8 Section 3: on). Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished,
9–11 Section 4: 12–14 Call to action: 15 elicit Ss’ answers and have a brief class discussion.
20
b Ss write their headings alone, then compare ideas in pairs. In

feedback, elicit Ss’ ideas and find out if others had similar ideas.
23
Suggested answers:
Section 1: Lost time?
Section 2: Social isolation
Section 3: Health concerns
Section 4: Time to act
61
2a 3.9 You may want to check understanding of sue (= take New data underlines the importance of a good degree in career terms.
Unit 3
someone to court to get compensation for something bad they did The average salary for UK graduates is one and a half times higher than
to you). Go through the questions with the class so Ss know what for non-graduates. What, though, if you graduate and find that you still
can’t get the job and the salary that you wanted? One student sued her
to listen for. Ss listen and answer the questions.
university for fifty thousand pounds because she claimed that, having
b Ss check their answers in pairs. Play the recording again if graduated, the degree had not helped her career as much as she had
necessary, then check answers with the class. been led to believe, and this was despite the fact that she got a first.
She claimed that she chose the course on the basis of the claims in the
Answers: university’s brochure but that the university misrepresented the value of
Student 1 the degree to her career and that in fact it was worth much less than she
had paid for it. Once again, the student lost her case but she did highlight
S
1 because he failed an assignment

the importance for all students of doing research before making a final
2 broken their own guidelines by having the same examiner decision on a course.
am
mark his project twice

Let’s not forget, studying is expensive and time-consuming. The average
3 to declare his project a pass UK student leaves university with debts of over fifty thousand pounds.
4 The judge ruled against the student. Most students will still be repaying those debts in their 50s. Three
Student 2 quarters of graduates will never pay off their debts. It’s only natural then,
1 because he didn’t get a first in his degree that students demand the highest standards and value for money from
pl
2 He claimed they had failed to teach him adequately. their university. Perhaps it’s also natural that when things don’t go to
plan, we all look for someone else to blame. The story of these students is
3 to award him one million pounds
a warning to all that it may be harder to prove than you think.
4 The judge ruled against the student.
e
That’s all for now. Join me next week as I investigate another topic and
Student 3
don’t forget to subscribe, like, share and leave a comment. Ta-ta!
1 because she claimed her degree had not helped her career as
much as she had been led to believe
M
2 They had misrepresented the value of the degree to her career. 3 3.10 Ss read the Focus box, listen to the recording, then
3 to award her fifty thousand pounds practise saying the fractions and multiples in pairs. Monitor and
listen to them practise, modelling if necessary.
at
4 The judge ruled against the student.
Audioscript 3.9 Pronunciation checkpoint

With complex consonant clusters, especially those involving
er
Hello I’m Alaistair Vesten and welcome to my podcast, Vesten th, elision usually occurs in natural speech. For example,
Investigates. This week’s episode is all about students who sue their
four fifths becomes /ˈfɔːˈfɪfs/ or /ˈfɔːˈfɪθs/, in order to make
university.
it easier to say.
ia
Don’t forget to subscribe, like and share.

You’ve probably read in the paper recently that the number of students
in the UK has doubled over the last 20 years. That’s all good news but
4 Read through the facts with the class so they know what to
l©
with so many more students in education, the chances of things going listen for, then play the recording again for Ss to note down the
wrong in a small number of cases has also increased. Take the case of fractions and multiples. Ask Ss to check answers in pairs, before
the student who sued his university when he failed an assignment. checking them with the class.
The student in question got just seventeen marks out of a possible one
hundred for the project. Not satisfied with this, he asked for it to be Answers:
re-marked. It was and his grade was revised upwards to … eighteen out 1 doubled over the last 20 years
P
of one hundred. The student, however, was nothing if not persistent

2 increased eight times faster than wages over the last 30 years
and so he took the university to court, claiming that the university
3 tripled over the last 30 years
ea
broke their own guidelines by having the same examiner re-mark the
assignment. The student asked the judge to declare the project a pass. 4 one and a half times higher than for non-graduates
Unsurprisingly, perhaps, the judge ruled in favour of the university and 5 three quarters of graduates
advised the student to accept the situation and move on with his life.
rs
We can only hope that the student in question takes this advice and 5 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit
doesn’t appeal against the verdict! their answers and have a brief class discussion.
But while this story may be amusing, it does point to the fact that 6 3.11 Give Ss a few minutes to read the questions so they
studying at university is expensive and only getting more so. In the US
on
know what to listen for. Ss listen to the extracts and choose the
the cost of a university education has increased eight times faster than
correct options alone, then check in pairs. Play the recording again
wages over the last 30 years and of course student expectations have
risen accordingly. Students increasingly see university as a service and if necessary, then check answers with the class.
themselves as customers. This has led to some students taking their
university to court when they felt that the university has, as the legal Answers: 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 c 6 a
20
term goes, broken the terms of the agreement.

Take the graduate who, eleven years after taking his finals, sued his Audioscript 3.11
university because he didn’t get a first. In case you don’t know the British
Extract 1
degree classification system, a ‘first’ is short for a ‘first-class honours’ and
… so the question is, how many students are actually in full-time
23
is the highest class of degree that you can get. The student claimed that
education? Well, the numbers show that in the UK there are slightly
failing to get a first had cost him a career as a high-flying lawyer and for
fewer than two million adult students. That means that roughly a third
this reason he wanted one million pounds compensation. The reason for
of all 18–24 year olds are studying full time. That’s quite an impressive
not getting a first, according to the student, was that the university had
number of people and, because many students in the UK travel to other
failed to teach him adequately. The university denied all charges and,
towns to study, in some places the number of 18–24 year olds almost
perhaps unsurprisingly, the judge ruled against the student.
triples during term time because there are so many students.
However, when you consider that the number of students getting a first
class degree has tripled over the last 30 years, it’s possible to argue that
for ambitious students, failure to get a first can change their lives. So
when this particular student claimed that failure to get a first had ruined
his life, he may not have been joking. What he failed to show was that it
was the university’s fault rather than his own.
62
Extract 2 3a Ss read the interviews again more carefully and answer the
Unit 3
So my country, Australia, has about one and a half million students in questions alone.
higher education and about a quarter of them are international students.
b Ss compare answers in pairs, explaining their decisions. Check
One and a half million – that’s a huge number, I mean particularly given
that the population is only around 25 million. But what you also notice is answers with the class.
that people from the major cities are much more likely to go to university
than people who live in more rural areas, almost twice as likely, according Answers:
to official statistics. That’s a big disparity. 1 Sue convinced someone famous to be her mentor so she is
Extract 3 probably a good negotiator.
… And of course, working part-time while you study is very common. 2 Emma describes her field work as challenging so her work is
S
Delivering pizza, serving coffee, stacking shelves, all of these jobs are probably more physically demanding.
common ways to make money for students and in fact around three 3 Sue mentions her family quite a lot so she is probably more
fifths of students in many university towns have work like this. What’s
am
family-oriented.
more surprising is that some take this even further and have a full-
time job while studying. Can you imagine! OK, it’s only around a fifth of
students who do this but still, the numbers seem to be increasing. 4 Give Ss a few minutes to read the Focus box and ask any
questions they have, then ask pairs to discuss who uses more
informal language. Check the answer with the class.
pl
Before listening, put Ss in pairs to read the questions and guess Answer: Sue is more informal in her answers.
the answers. Elicit their predictions and write the most popular
e
choices on the board. After listening, check answers and find out 5a Ss read the questions and answers, deciding who gave which
how many they guessed correctly. response. Monitor and answer any questions Ss may have about
vocabulary in the questions and answers.
M
7 Put Ss in small groups to discuss the questions. When they have b Ss compare answers in pairs. Encourage them to identify any
finished, nominate a student from each group to share their ideas lexical clues and give reasons for their choices. When they are
at
with the class and have a brief class discussion. ready, check answers with the class.
Homework ideas Suggested answers:

1 a Emma b Sue
er

2 a Sue b Emma
3 a Sue b Emma
4 a Emma b Sue
ia
5 a Emma b Sue
6 Put Ss in pairs to come up with further questions for Sue and

3C Develop your reading
l©
Emma. Monitor and help with ideas and vocabulary if necessary,

writing any new words and phrases on the board.
7 Ss ask and answer the questions from the interview in pairs,
Introduction including the questions they came up with in Ex 6. When they
Ss develop the reading skill of understanding magazine interviews have finished, nominate a few Ss round the class to share
P
by learning how to recognise lexical clues. anything interesting they found out about their partner.
ea

Warm up
Ss roleplay the interviews in pairs, taking turns to be a journalist
Tell Ss to imagine they are going to be interviewed by a
and Sue or Emma. Ss try to remember the answers they read in
magazine and think of five questions they’d like to be asked. Give
rs
the texts and in Ex 5.

them a few minutes to write them down. Monitor and help if
necessary, writing any new vocabulary on the board. When they Homework ideas
have finished, put Ss in pairs to swap questions and practise
on
interviewing each other. Workbook: Ex 1–5, pp.24–25
1a Demonstrate the activity by telling the class about interviews

that you have read. Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they
have finished, elicit their ideas and find out if others agree.
20
b Focus attention on the two introductory paragraphs. Elicit Ss’

preferred subject as a class.
2a Ss match the terms with the definitions alone, then check in
23
pairs. Encourage them to use dictionaries or their mobile devices

to help if they need to. Check answers with the class.
Answers: 1 b 2 d 3 a 4 c
b Ss read both interviews and assign the sentences alone, then

Answers: 1 Emma 2 Sue 3 both 4 Emma 5 neither

6 neither 7 Emma 8 Sue
63
4A Time of your life
4 OVERVIEW
Introduction
The goal of this lesson is for students to talk about a range of
people they know. To help them achieve this, they will learn or
revise defining and non-defining relative clauses and vocabulary
4A Time of your life
for describing different age groups.
S
Goal | talk about a range of people you know

Grammar | defining and non-defining relative clauses
am
Vocabulary | describing different age groups Warm up

GSE learning objective Write on the board: leave home, study at university, get your first
Can describe people’s personality and emotions in some detail
job, get married, have children, go travelling. Put Ss in pairs and
4B Fashion icon ask them to discuss what they think the best age is to do each
Goal | answer a questionnaire about clothes and fashion thing in the list and why. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ ideas
pl
Grammar | noun phrases and find out if others agree.

Vocabulary | clothes and fashion
e

Can answer questions in a survey using linguistically complex
Reading
language 1 Focus attention on the photos and elicit what Ss can see.
M
4C Being me Arrange Ss in small groups to discuss the questions. When they

Goal | rank things that have most influenced you have finished, nominate a student from each group to summarise
Language focus | prepositions 1 their discussion for the class.
at
Vocabulary | influences and identity 2 Go through the questions with the class so they know what
GSE learning objective information to look for, then give Ss a strict time limit of three
Can talk in detail about choices that have been significant or life minutes to read the article quickly and answer the questions.
er
changing using linguistically complex language Ss can check answers in pairs before you check answers with
Check and reflect the class.
Review exercises and communicative activities to practise
ia
the grammar, vocabulary and functional language from Answers:

Units 3 and 4. 1 more loneliness – especially among the elderly and
teenagers and young people
Roadmap video
l©
2 increasing life expectancy, fragmented families – people

moving away for work/living in smaller homes
3 care homes with kindergartens, free accommodation in
VOCABULARY BANK
exchange for company, mixed housing developments
4A Prepositional phrases
P

4C Phrasal verbs
Before reading, ask Ss to predict the answers to the questions.
ea
DEVELOP YOUR SKILLS They can do this by brainstorming problems related to different
age groups in society, along with possible causes and solutions.
4A Develop your listening Ss can do this in small groups or as a class. Write their ideas on
the board in note form. Ss then read the text quickly to see if their
rs
Goal | understand casual conversations

Focus | recognising when something is said ironically predictions were mentioned in the article.
GSE learning objective(s)
Can understand when something is being said ironically in a
on
3 Ss read the article again more carefully and decide which of the
casual conversation
ideas are suggested, then check in pairs. Check answers with the
4B Develop your writing class and, if the ideas are suggested, elicit which part of the text
Goal | write an academic essay mentions them.
Focus | developing an argument in an essay
20
GSE learning objective Answers:

Can systematically develop an argument giving the reasons for 1 (… it seems hard to believe that there was once …)
or against a point of view 2 (It may be true but is not specifically suggested in the
4C Develop your reading article.)
23
Goal | understand online responses to a question

3 (It may be true but is not specifically suggested in the
Focus | recognising repetition of ideas article.)
GSE learning objective 4 (It may be true but is not specifically suggested in the
Can recognise the repetition of ideas expressed by substitution, article.)
paraphrasing, etc. 5 (… the positive impact of which you can see …)
6 (They are investing in housing schemes where different
generations are brought together.)

64
Grammar
Unit 4
Defining and non-defining relative clauses Stronger classes could read the notes at home. Otherwise,
5a Focus attention on the relatives clauses in bold in the article check the notes with Ss. In each exercise, elicit the first
on p30. Ss answer the questions alone, then check in pairs. answer as an example. Ss work alone to complete the
Check answers with the class. exercises, then check their answers in pairs. In feedback,
elicit Ss’ answers and drill the questions. Ss can refer to the
Answers: notes to help them.
1 a offspring
Answers:
b non-essential
S
1 1 g – His parents have a company that produces furniture,

c who – refers to a person
so he might be able to get us some cheap deals when we
2 a mutually beneficial arrangement
am
move house.
b defining
2 f – The town of Salento, which is in the centre of the
c whereby – explains the process or method
coffee-growing region, offers lots for tourists.
3 a reasons
3 h – The student residence we’re staying in is fairly basic,
b defining
but it is clean.
pl
c why – explains the reason (could be left out or replaced

4 d – I have ten cousins, most of whom are a fairly similar
with that )
age to me, but I don’t socialise with them.
4 a over the last fifty years
5 e – Their boss received a 253% salary increase, most of
e
b non-essential
which was a bonus for good performance, while the rest
c during which time – refers to something that happened
of the staff only got a pay rise of 2.6%.
during that period of time
6 c – The company has a pay scheme in which every
M
5 a situation
employee gets a 5% bonus and they also provide free
b defining
health insurance.
c where – replaces the prepositional phrase in which
at
7 a – When I was at school in the 1990s, during which time

6 a major consequences for how we live
there was an economic crisis, we often had no heating,
b non-essential
so we had to wear coats in class.
c perhaps the most damaging of which
8 b – I graduated in 2009, at which time it was difficult to
er
7 a survey
find jobs back home, so I came here to study for a
b defining
Master’s and I’ve never been back.
c no pronoun because survey is the object of the clause so
2 1 both 2 who 3 by which time 4 of whom 5 which
ia
the relative pronoun can be omitted

6 where 7 in which 8 of which
8 a old people
b non-essential
l©
6a 4.1 Play the recording for Ss to listen to the sentences,

c many of whom – we use of whom to refer to one part/
paying attention to the pauses before the non-defining relative
aspect of a group of people
clauses.
9 a the [next biggest] group
b defining b Ss listen again and repeat each sentence. Model the sentences
c that yourself too, if necessary.
P
10 a projects 7 Rewrite the first pair of sentences with the class, pointing out
b non-essential how some words are changed or left out. With weaker classes,
ea
c whose – the goal ‘belongs’ to the projects you could elicit what relative pronouns should be used with each
11 a care homes [that] incorporate a kindergarten sentence first. Ss write the rest of the sentences alone, then
b non-essential check in pairs. Check answers with the class, writing the relative
c the positive impact of which – we use of which to refer to clauses on the board (or inviting Ss to do so).
rs
one part/aspect of a thing or group

Answers:
1 My grandmother, who’s 96 now, still lives on her own.
on
Teaching tip 2 He gave me good advice, none of which I can remember!

To save time when checking answers and to create a more 3 My uncle gave me £100, most of which I’ve already spent.
student-centred activity, you can project the answers on the 4 There’s no reason (why) she would do that.
board and ask Ss to check their answers themselves, noting 5 I’ve got loads of cousins, most of whom I hardly ever see.
any they’re not sure of. This works particularly well with 6 They’ve lived there since 2012, during which time the area
20
exercises which have extensive or detailed answer keys, like has changed a lot.
the one above. In feedback, elicit any questions Ss still have
and answer them as a class, encouraging peer-teaching where
possible.
23
b Ss complete the grammar box alone, then check in pairs. Check

answers with the class and answer any further questions Ss have.
Answers: 1 who 2 that 3 where 4 why 5 who

6 whose 7 of which 8 of whom 9 during which time
65
8 Demonstrate the activity by telling the class four sentences
Unit 4
VOCABULARY BANK 4A p159

yourself, then ask Ss to write their own four sentences. If
Prepositional phrases
necessary, provide some prompts for Ss, e.g. a grandparent/
cousin/sibling, a school you went to, a place you’ve lived in, These optional exercises build on the lexical set in the
a project you’ve heard about. Monitor and check Ss are forming vocabulary section.
relative clauses correctly. Fast finishers could write one or two 1 Ss complete the table alone, then check in pairs. Check
more sentences. answers with the class, copying the table on the board and
writing the answers in the correct places.
Answers:
S
Put Ss in pairs to compare their sentences, encouraging them to on: average, the ball, second thoughts
ask follow-up questions and give more information. When they in: a bad way, other words, theory
am
have finished, ask a few Ss to tell the class something interesting at: any moment, least, the top of your voice
they found out about their partner. by: choice, definition, rights
Further practice 2a Ss choose the correct alternatives alone, then check in

pl
4A Grammar 2, p181 Answers:

App: 4A Grammar practice 1 and 2 1 at 2 on 3 on 4 by 5 in 6 on 7 in 8 in 9 by
10 at 11 On 12 at
e
Vocabulary b Put Ss in small groups to discuss the statements. When they

have finished, ask a Ss from each group to share their ideas with
M
Describing different age groups the class.

9 Refer Ss back to the photos at the top of p30. Ss discuss good
and bad things about being each of the different ages in pairs.
at
Further practice
When they have finished, elicit Ss’ ideas and write them on the
board. Photocopiable activities: 4A Vocabulary, p182
10 Ss match the comments with the follow-up comments alone, App: 4A Vocabulary practice 1 and 2
er
checking that they understand the words in bold. With weaker

classes, you may wish to go through the words and phrases in
bold first and explain the meanings. Ask Ss to compare answers in Speaking
ia
pairs and then check answers with the class. Prepare

12a 4.2 Tell Ss that they are going to hear someone
Answers: 1 d 2 g 3 c 4 f 5 a 6 b 7 e
l©
describing three people and they have to listen for how or why the
speaker knows each person. Ss listen and make notes, then check
Optional extra activity in pairs. Play the recording again if necessary, then check answers
Copy the comments and follow-up comments onto 14 strips of with the class.
paper. Give out one strip to each student. (If you have fewer than
Answers:
P
14 Ss, give more than one to some Ss. If you have more than 14,
give some strips to pairs of Ss.) Ask Ss to stand up, mingle and find 1 neighbour and brother’s classmate
2 oldest person he knows, met him at a care home through a
ea
their partner by matching the comments and follow-up comments,

then arrange them on a desk at the front of the class. When they school voluntary work scheme
have finished, ask Ss to come up and check they agree with all 3 nephew, older sister’s son
the pairings. Ss then do Ex 10 in their books to ensure they have a
rs
record of the answers. Audioscript 4.2

A: So the first person is Paula, who lived on my street.
11 Focus attention on comment 1 in Ex 10 and elicit possible B: Is she someone you know well?
on
follow-up questions, for example: How does he manage now? A: I wouldn’t have said we were friends or anything, but I’d always say
Is there anyone who helps him? Ss then think of and write possible hello if I saw her, you know. Also, she was in my brother’s class at
questions for the rest of the comments. Monitor and help with school.
B: OK.
ideas and vocabulary if necessary, writing any new words and
A: Anyway, the other day she was on TV taking part in a new talent
phrases on the board.
20
show. I knew she liked singing and my brother said she was always
very focused and had real potential, but I’d never actually heard her
Suggested answers: sing. Anyway, apparently she went off to study at a performing arts
1 Can he walk? / Did it affect his speech? / school, which is why I guess I haven’t seen much of her recently.
How does he get around? B: Right. So she doesn’t live in your street anymore?
23
2 Does she get any support? / How bad is it? A: Well, the rest of her family do. But I haven’t seen her for ages. I think
she said on the show she was already working as a singer. She’s
3 What kind of thing does he sing?
obviously pretty independent and able to stand on her own two feet.
4 Does she live on her own? B: How long is it since you last saw her then?
5 How old is he? A: Three or four years I guess. OK. So the second person is Jerome,
6 How old is she? / Why’s that, do you think? who’s the oldest person I know.
7 Do you get on? / In what way? B: OK – Is he your grandfather?
A: No, no. He’s no relation.
B: So how did you meet each other?
A: When I was at school there was this scheme whereby students
did voluntary work in the community. Anyway, I used to help out at
this care home and I met Jerome there. He’d had a stroke and I was
66
helping him. Although his walking had been affected by the stroke, Vocabulary
Unit 4
he was still pretty sharp and we just got on.
B: So do you still see him? Clothes and fashion
A: Yeah, yeah. I saw him last week actually. He’s amazing. Still really active. 1 Focus attention on the photos and elicit what clothes Ss can
B: So how long have you known each other?
see. Elicit what Ss know about the people, if you like (see Culture
A: I guess about eight years. And the last person is Mo – who’s three.
He’s my older sister’s son. notes below). Use the photos to teach fashion icon. Put Ss in pairs
B: Wow – you’re an uncle! to discuss the questions. When they have finished, elicit a few
A: Yeah, yeah. answers and have a brief class discussion.
B: So how’s that?
A: It’s OK. I like it, but he’s still shy so he doesn’t really like to play with Culture notes
S
me or do much. He’s cute though.

A Iris Apfel: American businesswomen and interior designer,
born 29th August 1921; involved in many high-profile
am
b Ss choose three people, then prepare what to say about each restoration projects, including at the White House for nine US
one. Monitor and help if necessary, writing any new vocabulary on presidents; signed a modelling contract in 2019 at the age of 97
the board. B Tinie Tempah: British rapper, singer, songwriter and
businessman, born 7th November 1988; has had several UK
Speak
pl
number one songs; has his own entertainment company called

13a Put Ss in pairs to take turn talking about the people they
Disturbing London, created in 2006
chose. Tell the Ss listening to ask questions to find out more, e.g.
C Coco Chanel: French fashion designer and businesswoman;
e
How come you know each other? How did you first meet? What
created the Chanel brand and popularised more casual clothes
are they up to nowadays? Monitor and make notes on Ss’ language
for women after World War I; the only fashion designer in Time
use for later feedback.
magazine’s list of the 100 most influential people of the 20th
M
b When they have finished the activity, ask a few Ss to share

century; died in 1971, aged 87
anything interesting they found out about their partner with the
D Grace Jones: Jamaican-American model, singer, songwriter,
class. Find out who has the most intergenerational relationships.
at
record producer and actor; began modelling in New York, then

Give Ss feedback on their language use as a class.
in Paris; appeared on the covers of magazines, such as Elle and
Vogue; later embarked on a music career and appeared in films;
er
known for her distinctive style and bold features; ranked in

Write the following questions on the board: VH1’s list of 100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll in 1999 and
What were the three most useful words or phrases you learnt honoured with a Q Idol Award in 2008
today?
ia
E Mary Quant: Welsh fashion designer, born 11th February 1934;

How do you think you’ll use them in the future? part of the Mod fashion movement in the 1960s and one of the
Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have designers who came up with the iconic miniskirt and hotpants
l©

class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not. 2a Look at the words already in the categories as examples. Ss
then categorise the words alone and add any other words they
Homework ideas can to each category together. Don’t give any answers yet.
Language bank: 4A Ex 1–2, p143 b Ss compare their answers in pairs, then check answers with
P
Workbook: Ex 1–5, p28 the class. Elicit any other words Ss came up with for each category
App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice and write them on the board. Tell Ss to look at the photos again
ea
and ask which words from the categories could be used to

describe them.
Fast route: continue to Lesson 4B Answers:

rs
Extended route: go to p89 for Develop your listening Patterns: checked, flowery, stripy
Accessories: a pendent on a chain, a bracelet, a stud
Clothes: tights, a blouse, a cap
on
Parts of clothes: a buckle, laces, a strap

Styles of clothes: flared, faded, ripped
Hair: dyed, a bob, wavy
Suggested additions:
4B Fashion icon
20
Patterns: polka dot, tartan

Accessories: clutch bag, bangles, gloves
Clothes: a top, leggings, a sweater
Introduction Parts of clothes: a zip, a button, a collar
23
Styles of clothes: tie-dye, vintage, casual

The goal of this lesson is for students to answer a questionnaire
Hair: a man bun, curly, straight
about clothes and fashion. To help them achieve this, they will
Can be seen in the photos:
learn or revise noun phrases and vocabulary related to clothes and
stripy pattern; a bob
fashion.
Warm up
Put Ss in small groups and give them a few minutes to brainstorm
as many items of clothing as possible. When they have finished,
invite Ss to write their answers on the board. Ss then discuss
which they own.
67
3 Ss decide if the comments are positive or negative alone, 3 Oh, my word! I’ve pretty much had everything going. I mean, until I
Unit 4
then check in pairs. Check answers with the class. Ask Ss to give was about 14 I basically just wore it long – and sometimes if I was
trying to be a bit more sophisticated, I put it up in a bun. And then
reasons for their answers.
when I was 15, I started going through this rebellious stage and one
day I literally just cut it all off. My dad had a fit when he saw it ‘What
Answers: have you done? You can’t go out like that, it’s shameful’. When it grew
1 positive 2 negative 3 negative 4 negative 5 positive back again I dyed it pink. Then I went for a kind of Marilyn Monroe
look – like a blonde wavy bob. Then I had it long and natural. Then it
was short hair with highlights. I don’t know, I like to change things up
Vocabulary checkpoint – life gets boring otherwise, right?
We often ‘soften’ negative adjectives by adding a bit, e.g.
S
4 I’m not ashamed to admit that I’m into my grooming and, having a
That shirt’s a bit boring. Another way we ‘soften’ negative beard, it can easily end up looking scruffy if you don’t take care of it
adjectives is by using a negative phrase with the opposite properly. I cut it back a bit once a week and I scrub it almost every day.
am
adjective, for example: It’s not very/exactly interesting I use a very nice beard wash containing coconut oil and honey. I also
(= It’s boring). sometimes use a citrus oil to soften it. Apart from the beard, I style
my eyebrows and I use a gel for my hair. Dealing with my facial hair
takes me about 10 minutes in the morning. I moisturise religiously
4a 4.5 Play the recording for Ss to listen and pay attention to
every day, especially where I have my tattoo to make sure it stays
how quite is stressed. Ask: Does this make the statement more or
pl
looking sharp and doesn’t fade.

less certain? (less).
b Play the recording again for Ss to listen and repeat, copying the 7 Read through the sentences with the class, then play the
e
stress pattern.
recording again for Ss to match the sentences with the speakers.
Audioscript 4.5 Ss check answers in pairs. Play the recording again if necessary,
then check answers with the class.
M
1 I guess she is quite trendy, yeah.

2 It was quite expensive.
3 It’s quite casual – but not very. Answers: a 4 b 4 c 1 d 2 e 1 f 3
at
4 It’s quite tight, but it should be OK.

5 It’s quite long, but you wear it well. 8 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished,
6 I guess it does look quite similar. elicit their answers and have a brief class discussion.
er
5 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit Grammar
Noun phrases
ia
Optional extra activity 9a 4.7 Ss try to complete the sentences alone, then check
in pairs. Play the recording for Ss to listen and check, then check
Find some more photos of people wearing different clothes and
answers with the class and write them on the board.
l©
bring them to class for Ss to describe in pairs.
Further practice Answers:

1 I had to go to the Clios, this awards ceremony for people
in advertising.
App: 4B Vocabulary practice 1 and 2
2 I actually only possess one dress – a flowery silk thing
P
handed down to me from my grandma.

3 I have a checked shirt I bought when I was on holiday a
Listening
ea
few years ago.

6 4.6 Give Ss a few minutes to read the questionnaire and 4 Then I had it long and natural. Then it was short hair with
answer any questions they have. When they are ready, play the highlights.
5 I use a very nice beard wash containing coconut oil
rs
recording for Ss to listen and identify the questions the people are
answering, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class. and honey.
Answers: 1 i 2 a 3 d 4 g b Ask: What can we put before or after a noun to qualify it? Ss
on
discuss the question in pairs, using the sentences on the board

Audioscript 4.6 from Ex 9a to help. When they have finished, elicit their ideas,
then ask them to read the grammar box and check. Ss then
1 I had to go to the Clios, this awards ceremony for people in
complete the grammar box with the examples from Ex 9a. Check
advertising. It’s a huge black-tie event, which isn’t really my style at
20
all. I actually only possess one dress – a flowery silk thing handed answers with the class.
down to me from my grandma and I only keep that for sentimental
reasons, really. I mean, it doesn’t really even fit me. So anyway, as I Answers:
couldn’t get out of going to the do – and believe me I tried! – I ended 1 a flowery silk thing / a checked shirt / short hair /
23
up borrowing an outfit from a friend – dress, high-heels, bag – the a very nice beard wash
lot. People said I looked very elegant, but I just felt very awkward
2 this awards ceremony / flowery silk thing / beard wash
the whole evening, completely weird – like a different person
3 this awards ceremony for people in advertising
altogether.
4 for people in advertising / with highlights
2 Yeah, I have a checked shirt I bought when I was on holiday a few
5 (which is) for people in advertising /
years ago. It’s blue and a really nice reddish colour and it’s quite thick
and warm. Anyway, unfortunately, it’s beginning to get holes in it at (which was) handed down to me from my gran /
the elbows. I suppose I could get them patched up or something, but (which) I bought when I was on holiday a few years ago
I’m not sure it’d look that good. I’m going to have to throw it out at 6 handed down to me
some point, but at the moment I’m still clinging on to it! 7 containing coconut oil and honey
68
Speaking
Unit 4
Stronger classes could read the notes at home. Otherwise, Prepare
check the notes with Ss, especially the fact that adding 12 Remind Ss of the questionnaire in Ex 6, then give Ss plenty of
information like this is more common in written English than time to think of their own answers and make notes if they want to.
spoken English. In each exercise, read or elicit the first answer Ask them to think of one more question, too. Monitor and help if
as an example. Ss work alone to complete the exercises, then necessary, writing any new vocabulary on the board.
and drill the questions. Ss can refer to the notes to help them. Speak
13a Ss interview each other in pairs. Monitor and make notes on
S
Answers:
Ss’ language use for later feedback.
1 1 jacket; coat 2 It; Jawaharlal Nehru 3 jacket; The Beatles
b Go through the Useful phrases, then ask Ss to comment on
am
4 villains; jackets 5 jacket; classic

their preferences in pairs. When they have finished, ask each
2 The British model, dancer and film star Audrey Hepburn,
pair to report back to the class and find out which pair is the
loved for her roles in such classic films as 1953’s Roman
most similar.
Holiday, popularised the ‘little black dress’ with elbow-length
black gloves and a pearl necklace, wearing the outfit for the
pl
first time in Breakfast at Tiffany’s, which was released in
1961 to international praise. Write the following questions on the board:
What was the most useful thing you learnt in today’s lesson?
e
10a Read the example with the class, then ask Ss to complete What would you like to find out more about?
the rest of the sentences alone before checking in pairs. Check How can you do this?
answers with the class. Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have
M

Answers: class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not.
at
1 iconic mid-calf-length boots, originating in Munich in the 1950s

2 a special sole created to provide comfort for people with foot Homework ideas
injuries
er
3 Bill Griggs, a shoemaker in Northampton in the UK

4 fashion accessory for punks
5 renewed interest in the boots from the Asian market, which
has been growing rapidly
ia
b Discuss the question as a class. You could give Ss a few minutes Fast route: continue to Lesson 4C
l©
to look up items on their mobile devices first if they can’t think of any. Extended route: go to p122 for Develop your writing
Suggested answers:
clogs from Holland, the kilt from Scotland, Ugg boots from
Australia, wellington boots (wellies) from the UK, sarongs from
Southeast Asia, Havaianas flip-flops from Brazil
P
11 Ss write noun phrases alone, then compare answers in pairs.

ea
In feedback, elicit Ss’ ideas and find out if others have similar ideas.
4C Being me
Introduction
rs
Do Ex 11 as a competition. Put Ss in small groups and ask them to

close their books. Call out one of the nouns and tell Ss to create The goal of this lesson is for students to rank things which have
the longest noun phrases they can in their groups. The longest most influenced them. To help them achieve this, they will learn
on
correctly-formed noun phrase wins a point. Call out the other or revise prepositions and vocabulary related to influences and
nouns, repeating the process. The group with the most points at identity.
the end wins.
Warm up
Further practice
20
Ask Ss to write three adjectives of personality. Encourage them to

Photocopiable activities: 4B Grammar 1, p183;
write the first three that come into their heads, without thinking
4B Grammar 2, p184
about them too much. When they have finished, explain that the
first adjective they wrote is how they see themselves, the second
23
is how others see them and the third is how they truly are. Put Ss
in pairs to discuss if they agree.
69
Vocabulary Reading
Unit 4
Influences and identity 4 Ss read the article quickly and tick the claim made alone, then
1 Focus attention on the photos and elicit what Ss can see. Ss check in pairs. Check the answer with the class and elicit which
discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit a part of the text makes this clear.
2 Read the example with the class and point out how the whole Answer: 3 (I’m sure all the films, music and books I’ve
phrase is underlined. Ss complete the blog posts alone, underlining consumed over the years have also rubbed off on me)
the full phrases, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
5 Ss discuss why the items in the box were mentioned in pairs,
S
Answers: 1 emphasis on 2 rebelled against before they read the text again. When they are ready, Ss read the
3 stand out from 4 impacted on text again more carefully and check their answers. Check answers
am
5 do something meaningful with 6 pointless to with the class and ask how many they remembered correctly.
7 influential in 8 treated (us all) as equals
9 make (what she was teaching) relevant to Answers: (arranged in the order they appear in the text)
10 a (real) blessing for 11 a leading figure in Captain Jack was dressed in 19th-century pirate dress.
A week later he was wearing the same outfit.
pl
12 rubbed off on 13 an (a really) invaluable experience

14 owe a (real) debt of gratitude to He’d been around the area (amusing and confusing people) for
years.
e
The films, music and books she’s consumed over the years
Teaching tip have rubbed off on her.
Learning new words as part of complete phrases is useful for DNA accounts for over half of all psychological differences.
M
Ss as they can see how they’re used. It also makes them easier Families and schools account for just five percent of all
to retrieve and use, since they can learn the phrases as ‘chunks’ psychological differences.
rather than have to think about how they’re formed when
at
they’re speaking. Encourage Ss to record new vocabulary in this 6 Give Ss a few minutes to think about their opinions, then put
way, where possible. them in groups to discuss. When they have finished, elicit answers
from a few Ss and have a brief class discussion.
er

their answers and have a brief class discussion. Ask a few Ss to share
Language focus
anything interesting they found out about their partner with the class.
ia
Prepositions 1
VOCABULARY BANK 4C p159 7a Explain that the underlined words have all appeared in the
Phrasal verbs lesson so far. Ask Ss to find them and complete the sentences with
l©
These optional exercises build on the lexical set in the the correct prepositions alone, then check in pairs. Check answers
vocabulary section. with the class.
1 Make sure Ss understand that each phrasal verb
Answers: 1 on 2 at 3 by 4 for
completes a pair of sentences, so will be used twice (though
not necessarily in the same form). Ss complete the sentences
P
b Ss read the language focus box and add the examples from
alone then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
Ex 7a, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
ea
Answers:
1 a rubs off b rubbed off on Answers:
2 a stands out from b stand out 1 account for 2 useless at 3 emphasis on 4 by nature
3 a going on about b go on
rs
4 a stand in b standing in for LANGUAGE BANK 4C pp.142–143

5 a fell out with b fall out
6 a cracking down on b cracking down
check the notes with Ss. Ss work alone to complete the
on
7 a catch up b catch up on
exercise, then check their answers in pairs. In feedback, elicit
8 a fight back against b fight back
Ss’ answers and drill the questions. Ss can refer to the notes
2a Ss complete the questions alone then check in pairs. to help them.
Answers:
20
Answers: 1 1 Without 2 in 3 at 4 against 5 in 6 about 7 at

1 stand out from 2 cracking down on 3 fallen out with 8 at 9 with 10 on 11 to 12 for 13 of 14 by
4 rubbed off on 5 going on about 6 fight back 15 with 16 to 17 to 18 to
23
b Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have 8a 4.8 Ss listen and write the sentences they hear, paying
finished, elicit a few answers and have a brief class discussion.
particular attention to how the prepositions are linked to the
words around them.
Further practice
Answers:
Photocopiable activities: 4C Vocabulary, p188
1 I participated in a competition.
2 I was always keen on sports.
3 I’m useless at cooking.
4 I have great belief in myself.
5 They put emphasis on education.
70
b Play the recording again for Ss to listen and repeat, linking the A: No, that was never a big thing for me. I mean back in the day I did
Unit 4
prepositions to the surrounding words when appropriate. dress a bit that way, but it wasn’t at all important. It was always first
the music, the politics and then all the friendships that I made as a
9 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Clarify
result of liking those things.
that there should be two or three words in each gap. Check B: Right, but you’d put your friends after music and politics.
answers with the class. A: Yeah, because they became my friends as a result of the music.
What about you? What do you think has made you the person you
Answers: are now?
1 be crazy about 2 (quite/completely) by accident
3 jealous of 4 out of control 5 in(to) the habit
Speak
S
6 (really) approve of 7 faith in

13 Go through the Useful phrases with the class, then put Ss in
small groups to compare and explain their lists. When they have
am
10 Demonstrate by saying a few phrases yourself, e.g. I have

finished, ask a few Ss to present their findings to the class.
complete faith in my daughter at school. I hope to succeed in my
job. Without doubt, my worst character trait is that I’m always
late! Ss work in pairs and take turns to use the phrases about the
subjects listed. When they have finished, ask a few Ss to share Write the following questions on the board:
pl
anything interesting they found out about their partner with How confident do you feel using prepositions?
the class. What can you do to learn and remember which prepositions
to use?
e
Further practice Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have
Photocopiable activities: 4C Language focus 1, p186; finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the
4C Language focus 2, p187 class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not.
M

Homework ideas
at
Language bank: 4C Ex 1, p143

Speaking
Prepare App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice
er
11 Ss order the things in the box alone, thinking about their

own lives and personalities. They then think of two more things
to add to the list. Monitor and help if necessary, writing any new
Fast route: Check and reflect: Units 3–4
ia

12 4.9 Ss listen and answer the questions, then check in
l©
Answers:
1 parents, music, education, fashion, politics, friendships
2 Yes
4 Check and reflect: Units 3–4

P
Audioscript 4.9
A: So I guess I obviously owe my parents a real debt of gratitude as
ea
they’ve influenced me in all sorts of different ways, but probably the

thing that’s impacted me the most is music. Actually my mum plays Introduction
the violin and the piano, so I guess that may account for my lifelong Ss revise and practise the language of Units 3 and 4. The notes
obsession with music.
rs
below provide some ideas for exploiting the activities in class, but
B: So doesn’t that make your parents the biggest influence?
A: I suppose, but she was really into classical music and at 13 or 14, all I
was listening to and playing was thrash and metal. diagnostic or progress test.
on
B: Right, so you were rebelling against your mum.

A: Maybe a bit. I think it was more a way for me to stand out in the crowd 1a Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check
because there weren’t that many kids at my age into that stuff. The answers with the class.
people were just a bit older than me – 14, 15 you know.
B: Your mum didn’t worry about that? Answers: 1 soaked 2 crisp 3 glorious 4 chilly 5 humid
A: No, she was happy if I was happy – she was only bothered if things 6 bitter 7 miserable
20
got out of control at the concerts I went to.

B: Did they?
b Ss discuss recent weather in pairs. Encourage them to use
A: There were a couple of incidents that were a bit scary, but I think that
at least three adjectives from Ex 1a and monitor and help with
also helped me stand on my own two feet a bit more – become a bit
23
more independent. vocabulary if necessary.

B: So do you think music has been more influential than your
education? Optional extra activity
A: Yeah – because I went to university later than most, music basically Ss secretly choose a place in the world and think which adjectives
was my education. Lots of lyrics feel more relevant to me than half of
can describe the typical weather there. They can use their mobile
what I learned at school. And that’s what led me into involvement in
politics – which I’d say is the next biggest influence.
devices to find out information if they need to. When they are
B: What about the fashion? I have to say I wouldn’t have guessed you ready, put Ss in small groups to describe the weather for the other
were in to thrash metal. Ss to guess the place.
71
2 Elicit the first answer as an example. Ss complete the sentences b Give Ss a few minutes to think of their descriptions, then put
Unit 4
alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class. them in pairs to share their descriptions. Stronger classes can
use more of the words.
Answers: 1 is predicted to be 2 ’s going to brighten up 9 Ss match the words with the groups alone, then check in pairs.
3 ’ll be visiting 4 ’s expected to be Check answers with the class.
5 ’re supposed to be having 6 ’s set to change 7 ’re hoping
Answers: 1 dyed 2 ripped 3 faded 4 loud 5 checked
3a Ss match the sentence halves alone, then check in pairs.
Check answers with the class. Optional extra activity
S
Answers: 1 d 2 b 3 g 4 f 5 a 6 c 7 e Ss discuss in pairs which of the clothes and fashions in Ex 9 they

like and don’t like and why.
am
b Put Ss in pairs to choose four of the things in Ex 3a and discuss

why they might happen. Monitor and help, writing any new 10 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check
vocabulary on the board. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ ideas answers with the class.
and find out if others came up with any of the same ones.
Answers: 1 tied 2 ripped 3 wearing 4 made 5 selling
pl

After pairs come up with their reasons, they can say each reason
11a Ss complete the sentences alone, then check answers in
e
pairs. Clarify that the words in each pair may need to change order.
to another pair without saying what it relates to. The pair listening
try to guess which situation each reason relates to.
M
Answers: 1 invaluable, gratitude 2 influential, equals

4 Ss choose the correct alternatives alone, then check in pairs.
3 emphasis, rebelled 4 meaningful, pointless
5 impacted, stand out
at
Answers: 1 not to stay 2 talking 3 that they made

4 that we’re doing 5 to increase 6 for posting
Ask Ss to cover the gapped sentences, then try to remember the
er
5a Elicit the first answer as an example. Ss rewrite the sentences sentences using the pairs of words in the box as prompts. Ss can
alone then check in pairs. Check answers with the class. do this in pairs.
ia
Answers: 1 could hardly see (anything) 2 ’s hardly played b Ss discuss which sentences are true for them in pairs.
3 Hardly any 4 hardly ever go 5 could hardly walk Encourage Ss to ask follow-up questions to find out more. When
they have finished, ask a few Ss to share something interesting
l©
b Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check they found out about their partner.
answers with the class. 12 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. With
weaker classes, explain that in two cases the preposition
Answers:
appears before the word in the box. Check answers with the class.
1 It was so cold out there that I couldn’t even feel my hands.
P
2 It was embarrassing because even my little brother finished Answers: 1 useless at 2 capable of 3 by accident
before I did. 4 benefit from 5 in debt
ea
3 That wasn’t a foul. I didn’t even touch him!

4 She was great last year, but I think she’s playing even better 13 Ss put the words in order alone, then check in pairs. Check
this year. answers with the class and write them on the board (or invite Ss
5 I was so excited when I got the tickets, I didn’t even care how
rs
to do so).
much they’d cost!
Answers:
6a Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check
on
1 What I will do first is provide some context.

answers with the class. 2 After that, I will explain the reasons for this problem.
3 I will then go on to put forward some solutions.
Answers: 1 sponsorship 2 disqualified 3 possession 4 So what exactly is the article about?
4 bribes 5 talking back 6 dived 7 lap 8 shots/strokes 5 I’d like to open it up for discussion.
20
b Ss share their stories in pairs. When they have finished, ask a

Reflect
few Ss to share their stories with the class.
Ask Ss to rate each statement alone, then compare in pairs.
Encourage them to ask any questions they still have about any of
23

the areas covered in Units 3 and 4.
Answers: 1 whom 2 which/that/– 3 why/– 4 where Homework ideas
5 who/that 6 whose 7 where
8a Ss complete the definitions alone, then check in pairs. Check
Roadmap video
Answers: 1 paralysed 2 way 3 initiative 4 insecure
5 ball 6 sharp
72
F: Aye, well, I could hardly send you straight back home now, could I?
Unit 4
M: No … And then of course we didn’t see so much of each other for a
4A Develop your listening few years …
F: No, well, that’s only natural, isn’t it? You being a young man and me
just an old woman.
Introduction M: Granny!
F: No, well, that’s how it is now, isn’t it? Young men don’t have much
Ss develop the listening skill of understanding casual conversations time for old women and you were busy travelling around the world
by learning how to recognise when something is said ironically. and then settling down with your girlfriend …
M: What a great choice that was!
F: Well, never mind though, I mean, it’s all good life experience, isn’t it?
S
Warm up M: I suppose so.

Write the following questions on the board: F: Maybe she wasn’t the right one for you but there are plenty more fish
am
in the sea!
Are there any words in your language which your grandparents
M: That’s what you always say, Granny! Plenty more fish in the sea!
use but you don’t? F: Aye, well, it’s true now isn’t it? And I bet you never imagined yourself
What other words in your language are ‘old-fashioned’? living up here now, did you?
Why do you think people have stopped using them? M: Hmm … no, I guess not, but you know, when I thought about it, it just
made sense.
pl

F: Aye …
1 Focus attention on the photo and elicit what Ss think the M: Like coming back home. I wanted to live where I felt happiest and
relationship between the people is (grandparent and grandchild). that had always been here.
e
Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, ask a F: Here in Scotland, where the sun shines every day!
M: Hmm, not sure about that.
few Ss to share their answers with the class.
F: But you’ve got a wee lass up here, haven’t you?
M
2 4.3 Explain that Ss are going to hear a grandparent and M: Rachel you mean? Yes.
grandchild talking. Go through the sentences with the class so Ss F: And she’s a smart girl for choosing you. Very on the ball, she is.
know what to listen for. Ss listen and decide if the sentences are true M: Aww, thanks Granny. I think the relationship has definitely got potential.
at
or false alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
3 Give Ss a minute to read through the extracts so they know
Culture notes
what to listen for. Ss listen again and put the extracts in order,
er
The grandmother in the recording is Scottish and uses some then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
colloquial words. These include wee (= small), loch (= lake),
aye (= yes), lad (= young man/boy) and lass (= young woman/girl). Answers: The correct order is f, b, h, a, c, e, g, d.
ia
4 Write on the board: Your mother was happy about that, let
Answers: 1 F 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 F 6 F 7 T 8 T
me tell you! and ask: Was his mother really happy? (no) Why did
l©
she say this then? (she was being ironic). Ss read the Focus box,
Audioscript 4.3
then discuss in pairs which four extracts in Ex 3 are ironic. Check
M: So, Granny, do you remember what I was like as a little boy? answers with the class.
F: Oh, do I remember! You were a one, I can tell you.
M: A bit of a handful? Answers: a, c, f, g
P
F: Aye, just a wee bit. You were cheeky, you were. Always getting up to
mischief.
5 Ss discuss the question in pairs. If you have a multilingual class,
M: I loved swimming, didn’t I?
ea
F: You know, when you turned up at my door every holiday, because of try to pair Ss from different language backgrounds together for
course you lived in London and I was up here in Scotland, which is a this activity. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ answers and have a
fair old way … brief class discussion.
M: Definitely! 6 4.4 Ss read the extracts and the two possible meanings
rs
F: … well, when you turned up the first thing you’d do is jump in the so they know what to listen for. Play the recording for Ss to listen
loch, spring, summer, autumn, winter, it was the first thing you’d do …
to the six conversations and choose the correct meanings. With
M: … I know, that loch in winter was a warm bath, believe me!
Oh, you wouldn’t catch me taking a dip in there in winter, I can tell weaker classes, you could tell them that four of the
on
F:
you. conversations contain irony. Ss check in pairs, then check answers
M: I just didn’t seem to care. I loved coming up here, to your house … with the class.
F: Aye well, you were a happy wee lad with a stubborn streak.
M: I know. I was very stubborn, wasn’t I? Answers: 1 b 2 b 3 a 4 b 5 a 6 a
F: Very!
20
M: Life was so simple then. And do you remember when I ran away from
home as a teenager?
Audioscript 4.4
F: Aye, just a wee thing you were still, thirteen was it? 1 A: I don’t care. It’s so unfair. You’re so mean to me!
M: Fourteen! B: Well, that went well.
23
F: And you made your way up here all alone. 2 A: I’m just popping out to see Kevin and Danny. Is that OK?
M: I think I’d had a row with Dad … B: Oh, yes, wonderful. Have a great time.
F: Aye, he’d kicked you out, hadn’t he? That’s why you came up here. 3 A: Wow. I thought that was a really good film.
M: He hadn’t exactly kicked me out but I definitely didn’t feel welcome B: Yeah, I thought it was excellent.
for a while so I thought, well, I’ll act on my own initiative and go 4 A: Well, Ms Wexford, it looks like you need two fillings and a new
somewhere where I am welcome … crown on your tooth … here.
F: Aye, you could always stand on your own two feet. B: Arg! Oh! Guess it’s my lucky day!
M: So I hopped on the train and came up here to see you. 5 A: Oh wonderful. And I forgot my umbrella.
F: And oh, your mother was happy about that, let me tell you! 6 A: … so listen grandpa, just open up the programme, save the file,
M: She didn’t know where I was, did she? export it to PDF, upload it to this website here and then I’ll be able
F: Worried sick she was! And I can’t blame her. to get it and edit it for you. Clear?
M: But you looked after me. B: Err. No. I haven’t got a clue what you’re talking about.
73
Unit 4
questions they have, then look for the examples in the essay.
Speakers often use an ironic tone of voice to help emphasise
that what they’re saying shouldn’t be taken literally. This can Answer:
involve using a lower, slower tone, in contrast to genuine In principle, school uniforms enable students to feel equal, but in
comments which have lighter, more natural intonation. practice children see school uniforms as taking away their right
to choose …
7 Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have Instead of educating the students, the teacher is forced to
finished, nominate a student from each pair to share their ideas waste time checking …
with the class.
S
6 Ss use the phrases in the Focus box to combine the pairs of

Homework ideas
sentences, then compare in pairs. Check answers with the class.
am

Suggested answers:
1 In principle, fashion allows us to show our individuality but in
practice it simply encourages us to follow the crowd.
pl
2 Theoretically, clothes don’t matter but in reality, we judge

people by their appearance.
4B Develop your writing 3 While some people argue that everything becomes more
e
expensive over time, the truth is that clothes have become

cheaper over recent years.
4 Instead of having glamorous lives, top models have to work
Introduction
M
very hard to stay in shape.

Ss develop the skill of writing an academic essay by learning how
to develop an argument in an essay. 7 Ss join the sentence halves alone, then compare in pairs. Check
at

Warm up
Answers: 1 c 2 a 3 e 4 b 5 d
er

What do you wear at work or school?
Prepare
What did you wear to school when you were young?
8a Give Ss a minute to choose the topic they want to write about
ia
What do you wear at home?

or think of their own.
b Ss make their lists of arguments alone. They could use their
mobile devices to research the topic if they want to. Monitor and
l©
1 Focus attention on the photos and elicit where they’re from

(the UK and India). Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they help with ideas and vocabulary if necessary, writing any new
have finished, elicit Ss’ answers and have a brief class discussion. words and phrases on the board.
2a Ss guess what they think are the correct alternatives, then
compare answers in pairs. Don’t give any answers yet.
P
b Ss turn to p166 to check their answers. Go through the answers Put Ss who have chosen the same topic together to research their
with the class and ask if they found anything surprising. topic and make notes and a list of arguments.
ea
Answers: c Remind Ss of the features in Ex 4b, then give them plenty of

1 1222 2 16th 3 rich 4 90% 5 sweatshirt 6 £200 time to plan their essays. Monitor, offering help if necessary.
Write
rs
3 Ss read the arguments and decide if each one is for or against

school uniforms, then compare answers in pairs. Check answers 9a Ss write their first drafts. Monitor and offer corrections if
with the class. necessary and be on hand to answer any questions Ss have.
on
b Ss exchange essays in pairs to check and offer suggestions for

Answers: 1 for 2 against 3 for 4 against 5 for 6 for improvement, referring to the list of features in Ex 4b. Monitor
7 against 8 against and answer any questions Ss have.
c Ss write their second drafts, following the suggestions they’ve
4a Ss read the essay and answer the questions alone, then check received. If you’re short of time, they could write their second
20
in pairs. Check answers with the class. drafts for homework.
Answers: Homework ideas

The essay is against school uniforms.
23
Ex 9c: Write a second draft of your essay.

Arguments 2, 4 and 7 are mentioned.
b Ss read the essay again and tick the features that apply. Check
Answers:
All the features apply except:
Equal weight is given to both sides of the argument.
The writer frequently uses I and We.
74
Unit 4
4C Develop your reading questions they have. Ss then look at words and phrases a–i in bold
in the texts and explain in pairs which ideas in the responses are
being repeated. Check answers with the class.
Introduction Answers:
Ss develop the reading skill of understanding online responses to a small things that can tell you what a person is like
a question by learning how to recognise repetition of ideas. b showing no gratitude and treating service staff like
second-class citizens
S
Warm up c provided free cake for customers

d taking a big handful of cakes and stuffing them in his mouth
e when someone looked at his handwriting and described him
am
Do you ever participate in online discussions? What about? perfectly

Are there any topics you avoid discussing online? Why? f his belief that the way handwriting slants shows if the writer
What advice would you give to people when discussing is more emotional or more logical
things online? g how he kept the umbrella to himself
pl
Ss discuss the questions in small groups. h selfish behaviour like the way her boyfriend kept the
umbrella to himself
1 Focus attention on the photos and elicit what Ss can see in each
i that you can judge a person by the friends they keep
one. Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished,
e

6 Ss read the response and answer the questions alone, then
2 Ss read the responses to the question and choose the best
M
options to complete the summaries alone, then check in pairs.

Check answers with the class. Suggested answers:
Ss could identify any of the following:
at
Answers: 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 b 5 a
when they’re behind the wheel of a car – people who seem
really calm and happy
3a Ss read the responses again more carefully, then answer the
That causes a lot of accidents – driving like maniacs and not
er
questions.
obeying the rules of the road
b Ss compare answers in pairs, then check answers with the that it’s everyone else’s fault – the accidents
class. I had a friend like this – who changed when they got behind
ia
the wheel of a car

Answers:
every time I got in the car with her – the friend I once had
1 when they think that they will benefit from being nice
if you do – trust these people
l©
2 You should only take one piece of free cake.

3 because a stranger read his handwriting and described his
7 Ss discuss the questions in small groups. When they have
character very well
finished, elicit a few answers and have a brief class discussion.
4 because her boyfriend did selfish things and his behaviour
influenced her Homework ideas
P
5 You shouldn’t try to get to know them because it is

pointless.
ea
4 Ss choose the correct definitions alone, then check in pairs.

Check answers with the class. Be prepared to offer further
explanations and examples if necessary.
rs
Answers: 1 b 2 a 3 a 4 b 5 a
on

Stronger classes could cover the definitions and discuss what
the phrases mean in pairs. They then choose the correct options.
20
23
75
5A On the move
5 OVERVIEW
Introduction
The goal of this lesson is for students to take part in a discussion
on commuting. To help them achieve this, they will learn or revise
continuous forms and vocabulary related to commuting.
5A On the move
S
Goal | take part in a discussion on commuting

Grammar | continuous forms Warm up
am
Vocabulary | commuting Write the following questions on the board:

What’s your favourite type of transport? Why?
Can lead a discussion in an interview, expanding and developing
What are the most and least efficient types of transport?
ideas with little help from the interviewer
Are there any types of transport you’ve never used but would
5B In the wild
pl
like to?
Goal | talk about ways to attract more investment to or protect Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit
a place you know
Grammar | participle clauses
e
Vocabulary | geographical features

GSE learning objective Vocabulary
Can compare the advantages and disadvantages of possible
M
approaches and solutions to an issue or problem

Commuting
1 Focus attention on the photos and ask Ss to discuss the
5C House or home? questions in pairs. When they have finished, ask a few Ss to share
at
Goal | describe different homes their answers with the class.

Language focus | translation and collocation
2 5.1 Ask Ss if they ever listen to travel news on the radio. Tell
Vocabulary | homes and decoration
them they’re going to hear some travel news stories. You may wish
er

Can describe places in detail using linguistically complex to pre-teach or check understanding of pile-up (= when a lot of
language vehicles crash into each other). Ss listen and put the stories in the
order they hear them. Check answers with the class.
ia
Goal | make suggestions about what to do in an area Answers: The correct order is b, d, c, a.
Vocabulary | hosting guests
l©

Audioscript 5.1
Can present factual information in an objective way in extended
spoken discourse Angela: You’re listening to afternoon radio with me, Angela Hassan.
After the break, the phones lines will be open and we’ll be
Roadmap video discussing whether we’ve reached breaking point with our
Go online for the Roadmap video and worksheet. daily commute and what might change. But first, appropriately
P
enough, here’s the travel news with Sophie Marchant.

VOCABULARY BANK Sophie: Hi. Well, I’ve got bad news, I’m afraid, for those who are trying
ea
to get home on the M79 motorway this evening. There’s been

5A Adverbs a pile-up on the northbound carriageway including several cars
and a lorry that has shed its load. Queues have been forming
5C Collective nouns and there’s already a tailback of about three kilometres. Police
say they are unlikely to clear the debris from the crash before
rs
DEVELOP YOUR SKILLS the rush hour starts and are advising drivers to take other
routes, if at all possible.
5A Develop your listening Elsewhere, there are roadworks on the southern bypass
on
Goal | understand public address announcements between the Hinkley and Bridgetown turn-offs. Diversions are
Focus | understanding public announcements in place, but there are further hold-ups in the vicinity and as a
result traffic is crawling in many places.
GSE learning objective On the railways, there are severe delays on the eastern
Can extract specific details from poor quality public mainline due to a power failure. A replacement bus service is in
announcements, e.g., in a station, sports stadium, etc.
20
operation.
5B Develop your writing Finally, some better news, police had set up a roadblock on
High Street and Forest Avenue and evacuated the area due to
Goal | write a narrative
a suspicious package. However, police have now given the all-
Focus | using evocative and descriptive language
clear and the streets are open to pedestrians again and traffic
23
GSE learning objective is flowing freely.

Can develop a clear written description or narrative with That’s all from me for the moment – CCRS live travel news: on
relevant supporting detail and examples the hour, every hour. Back to you Angela.
Goal | understand an article 3 Ss discuss which of the words and phrases are mentioned in
Focus | when to check the meaning of words the stories in pairs. Encourage Ss to use dictionaries and/or their
GSE learning objective mobile devices to check the meanings of any they’re not sure of.
Can guess the meaning of an unfamiliar word from context in a When they have finished, play the recording for Ss to listen and
linguistically complex text check their answers. Check answers with the class.
76
Unit 5
Answers: Audioscript 5.2
All the things are mentioned. The answers below are arranged Angela: So, welcome back. For the next hour the lines are open and
in the order they are mentioned. we’re waiting for your calls about commuting. First up, I think
a pile-up: northbound carriageway, shed its load, a tailback, we have Amos Cohen. Amos. Welcome.
debris Amos: Thank you. Nice to be here.
Angela: So what’s your point Amos? What would you like us to know?
roadworks: a bypass, diversions, hold-ups, crawling
Amos: Well, I’d like to kick off with some statistics if I may.
delays on the railway: a power failure, a replacement bus service
Angela: Sure. Why not? Everyone loves a good stat.
a suspicious package: a roadblock, evacuated, the all-clear, Amos: Well, did you know that the London tube offers less than point
flowing freely four five square metres per passenger and temperatures in
S
summer frequently exceed 30 degrees – worse than the

conditions required by law for transporting farm animals?
Vocabulary checkpoint
am
And you must have seen pictures of the Tokyo oshiyas, who
Compound nouns (e.g. tailback, bypass, hold-up, roadblock) actually push people onto the trains during rush hour, to
can be formed in many different ways, including noun + noun, squeeze everyone on.
preposition + noun and adjective or verb + noun. When they Angela: Yes, I have. Not the best way to start your day!
Amos: Certainly not! And then there is the question of the time we
become very commonly used, they usually lose the hyphen
spend commuting. In the UK, in general, commuting times have
pl
and become one word.

been rising and have recently broken the hour mark.
Angela: That’s pretty shocking … though I’d imagine that must be the
4 Read the example with the class, then give Ss a few minutes same around the world, no?
e
to prepare what they’re going to say. When they are ready, put Ss Amos: Of course it is, yeah. I mean, you get even longer commute
in pairs to share their experiences. Stronger classes can include times in Beijing, Moscow, Bogota, many cities round the world.
Angela: Absolutely, yeah. So, what’s to be done? Can we do anything
more than four things from Ex 3.
M
about it? Should we, do you think?

Amos: Well, these are big questions. I mean, your last question is really
VOCABULARY BANK 5A p160 interesting, because I think it does touch on the point that
at
Adverbs some people actually like commuting and it doesn’t have to be

dead time – people can be doing something more productive
than just staring into space.
vocabulary section. Angela: You mean work?
er
1a Ss choose the correct adverbs alone, then check in pairs. Amos: No, no. Absolutely not. It worries me that wifi now means that
Check answers with the class. our daily lives are increasingly being taken over by work. No. I’m
talking about doing something creative. The other day I came
Answers: 1 thoroughly 2 reluctantly 3 freely; seriously across Amy Dickett’s commute blog, for instance, which is a
ia
4 individually 5 Vaguely 6 abruptly project where she takes a picture of people on her commute
and asks them questions about their lives and I just thought
b Ss identify the verb–adverb collocations in Ex 1a, then ‘This is great’. It makes the commute something positive by
l©
think of another verb to go with each adverb. Ask Ss to bringing people together and sharing.
compare answers in pairs, then check answers with the class. Angela: OK. Well, thanks for that. Interesting stuff. We have another
caller here who has a take on this too – Simon. Go ahead. What
Answers: have you got to say?
1 check thoroughly (go through thoroughly, thoroughly Simon: Yeah, I … er … I regularly commute by train and a couple of years
enjoy/approve) ago I set up a book club on my line.
P
2 reluctantly agree (reluctantly decide/accept/allow) Angela: OK. That sounds unusual. Talk us through how that came
3 freely admit (move/talk/live/speak/roam freely); about.
ea
take seriously (seriously injure/consider) Simon: Yeah, well. I’d been taking the same train for about two years
and I’d see the same people a lot of the time, but we never
4 speak individually (work/sing/meet individually)
really spoke to each other because we’d all have our heads
5 vaguely remember (ask/gesture vaguely) in a book or whatever. Anyway, one day I actually met one of
6 leave abruptly (end/stop abruptly)
rs
these guys at a friend’s party and we started chatting and we

ended up talking about a book we were reading – because he’d
2 Ss complete the sentences alone. Monitor and help if noticed I had the same one as him and anyway, from there we
necessary, writing any new vocabulary on the board. When got this idea that we should have a regular meeting on the train
on
they are ready, put Ss in pairs to share their ideas. with other passengers about the books we’re reading and we
made some flyers and just … yeah … got it going like that.
Angela: So how does it work? I mean, do you all read the same book.
Further practice
Simon: Yeah, there’s 10 to 15 of us and we choose a book through a
Photocopiable activities: 5A Vocabulary, p191 WhatsApp group and every two weeks, on the Friday 7.15 train
20
App: 5A Vocabulary practice 1 and 2 we meet and talk about what we think.
Angela: I’m not sure I’d be in a state to talk about books at that time in
the morning myself.
Simon: No, it’s fine. We’re all used to it, but you also find the discussion
Listening will start up again on other journeys if we see each other. It
23
5 5.2 Read through the list with the class so they know what
gives a purpose to the journey beyond just getting to work.
Angela: Thank you, Simon. That’s fascinating. Given that we’re never
to listen for. Ss listen to the next part of the radio programme and
going to end commuting altogether, maybe what we need
tick the things which are mentioned, then check in pairs. Check to do is to seek ways of making it a positive experience by
answers with the class. enabling these kinds of creative and social encounters.
Answers: 3, 5, 6, 8
77
6 Ss listen again and make brief notes on points 3, 5, 6 and 8 in Ex 5.
Unit 5

Don’t give any answers yet.
Suggested answers: check the notes with Ss, especially the use of modals with
3 the Tokyo oshiyas, who push people onto the trains during continuous forms. In each exercise, elicit the first answer as
rush hour to squeeze everyone on an example. Ss work alone to complete the exercises, then
5 wifi now means that our daily lives are increasingly being check their answers in pairs. In feedback, elicit Ss’ answers
taken over by work. and drill the questions. Ss can refer to the notes to help them.
6 Amy Dickett’s commute blog is a project where she takes a Answers:
S
picture of people on her commute and asks them questions 1 1 a will talk b will be talking (’re talking is also possible)
about their lives. 2 a was driving b drove
8 The presenter says she might not be in a state to talk about
am
3 a have been clearing (were clearing is also possible)

books at that time in the morning. b has cleared
4 a am commuting (have been commuting is also possible)
Optional alternative activity b commute
Assign different points to different sections of the class to listen 5 a wouldn’t have b wouldn’t be having
pl
and make notes on. When they have finished, put Ss in small 2 1 correct 2 correct 3 went was going
groups with at least one person who made notes on each point 4 is evacuated is being evacuated 5 I’ll drive I’ll be driving
and ask them to share what they can remember. 6 I’m taking I’ve been taking 7 correct
e
8 It’s repairing It’s being repaired

7 Ask Ss to compare the notes they took in Ex 6 in pairs, then
M
check answers with the class. Ss can then discuss the questions in 9a 5.4 Play the recording for Ss to listen and write the
Ex 7 in pairs. When they have finished, ask a few Ss to share their sentences they hear, paying attention to how the auxiliary verbs
ideas with the class and find out if others agree. are reduced.
at
b 5.5 Ask Ss to compare what they have written in pairs, then

check answers with the class. Write the sentences on the board as
Grammar
you elicit them (or ask Ss to do so). When they are ready, play the
er
Continuous forms recording for Ss to listen and repeat.

8a Give Ss a few minutes to read the grammar box, then
complete the sentences from the radio programme. Clarify that Ss Answers:
ia
need to use continuous forms. Ss compare answers in pairs. Don’t 1 The tailback’s getting worse and worse.
give any answers yet. 2 We’d been crawling along for hours.
b 5.3 Ss listen and check their answers. Check answers with 3 They’ve been setting up roadblocks all over the country.
l©
the class, then put Ss in pairs to discuss why each form is used. 4 It was snowing really heavily.
5 I’ll be taking the train up there.
Answers: 6 The train must be running late.
1 ’re listening 2 ’ll be discussing 3 ’re trying
4 have been forming 5 can be doing 10 Ss choose the correct alternatives alone, then check in pairs.
P
6 are increasingly being taken over 7 ’m talking Clarify that sometimes both options are correct but may have
8 ’d been taking 9 were reading different meanings. When comparing answers, ask Ss to discuss
ea
Why each form is used: why each form is used and the differences in meaning where both
1 present continuous: an action started, but not finished at the forms are possible. Check answers with the class.
moment of speaking
2 future continuous: an action starting at a future point and Answers:
rs
extending over a period of time with people calling in in the 1 was cycling – started not finished, in progress at a point in
middle the past
3 present continuous: an action started, but not finished at the 2 was wearing – started not finished, in progress at a point in
on
moment of speaking the past

4 present perfect continuous: an action started at some point 3 had scratched – once, finished
in the past, continuing over an extended period of time to 4 both – continuous form emphasises the duration, that it is an
now, still continuing extended activity
5 ’d been standing – started before the accident, continued
20
5 can + continuous: it is possible for them to be doing more –

while they are commuting, over that extended period of time over an extended period of time, now able to help
6 present continuous passive: an action started, not finished – 6 came – once, finished
passive 7 ’s being investigated – at the moment, still continuing
23
7 present continuous: an action started, but not finished at the

moment of speaking 11 Give Ss a few minutes to think about what they’re going to
8 past perfect continuous: an action started before the party say, then put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they
and repeated or continuing over an extended period of time have finished, ask a student from each pair to share anything
up to (and beyond) the party interesting they found out about their partner with the class.
9 present continuous: an action started, but not finished at that
Further practice
point in the past, the reading was in progress.
5A Grammar 2, p190
78
Speaking
Unit 5
Prepare
5B In the wild
12a Put Ss in groups of three or four and ask them to decide who
will host the radio programme. The other group members choose a
topic to talk about. Introduction
b Ss plan what they’re going to say. Monitor and help, writing any The goal of this lesson is for students to talk about ways to
new vocabulary on the board. attract more investment to or protect a place they know. To help
them achieve this, they will learn or revise participle clauses and
vocabulary related to geographical features.
S
Teaching tip
It’s important to give Ss some control over managing speaking
am
tasks like this, e.g. by having them choose their topics and Warm up
assigning roles to each other. This helps foster learner Arrange Ss into small groups, then ask them to discuss the most
independence, builds confidence and allows them to take beautiful places they’ve visited, saying what made them beautiful,
responsibility for their learning. what they did there and if they’ve been back there again. When
they have finished, nominate a student from each group to share
pl
Speak their answers with the class.

13 Go through the Useful phrases with the class. Ss have their
e
discussion in groups, using the Useful phrases and their ideas Vocabulary
from Ex 12. Tell groups that the host should speak first and should
introduce the other speakers. When they have finished, ask the Geographical features
M
hosts to summarise their discussions for the class. 1 Focus attention on the photos and elicit what Ss can see. Ss
discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit Ss’
Optional extra activity answers and ask if Ss have ever visited any of these places. Feed
at
Ss could record their discussions, then share them with other Ss. in information from the Culture notes if you wish.
Ss listen to the recordings and then ask the groups any questions
Culture notes
they have.
er
A Waterfalls at Krka National Park: located along the Krka River

in southern Croatia; known for a series of seven waterfalls. The
Reflection on learning national park features well preserved ecosystems.
ia
Write the following questions on the board: B Torres del Paine National Park: located in Chile’s Patagonia
What were the three most useful phrases you learnt today? region; known for its soaring mountains, bright blue icebergs
How will you use them in the future? and rare wildlife, such as guanacos; one of the largest and most
l©
Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have visited parks in Chile, welcoming around 252,000 visitors a year.
finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the C Altyn-Emel National Park: located in the Ili River Valley,
class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not. Kazakhstan; comprises various landscapes, including sand
desert, mountains and flora; founded in 1996 to preserve
Homework ideas archaeological and historical monuments; the largest nature
P
reserve in Kazakhstan and a UNESCO biosphere reserve.

ea

2a In pairs, Ss check the meaning of the features in the box and
try to link them to the places in the photos. Encourage them to
use dictionaries and/or their mobile devices to look up any new
words. Check answers with the class and clarify the meanings
rs
Fast route: continue to Lesson 5B if necessary.

Extended route: go to p90 for Develop your listening b Ss complete the descriptions alone, then check in pairs. Check
on
Answers:
1 shoreline 2 sandy 3 dunes 4 mainland 5 channel
6 mountainous 7 valley 8 sea level 9 pass 10 ridge
20
3 Clarify that Ss can describe places they know or the photos on

p167. Give Ss a few minutes to plan what they’re going to say and
which of the words from Ex 2 they’re going to use, then put Ss in
23
pairs to share their descriptions. When they have finished, ask a

few Ss to share their descriptions with the class.
Further practice
79
Reading
Unit 5

4 Focus attention on the title of the article, then put Ss in pairs Stronger classes could read the notes at home. Otherwise,
to discuss what they think it might be about. When they have check the notes with Ss, especially the use of perfect
finished, elicit Ss’ ideas and write them on the board. Ss read the participles. In each exercise, elicit the first answer as an
article quickly to check their ideas. example. Ss work alone to complete the exercises, then check
5 Ss read the article again more carefully and answer the their answers in pairs. In feedback, elicit Ss’ answers and drill
questions alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class. the questions. Ss can refer to the notes to help them.
Answers:
S
Answers: 1 1 Located 2 Catering 3 Eating 4 looking

1 It compared knowledge of Pokemon characters with 5 having exercised 6 can’t be changed
knowledge of things in the natural world.
am
7 having been told 8 can’t be changed

2 unsurprised 2 1 As I stretched 2 both 3 Following
3 kids can’t play outside on their own or travel far from the 4 Because the route was very rocky 5 both 6 both
home; fewer green spaces; watching/consuming nature 7 Having been burnt 8 having cut
programmes (or activities) rather than paying attention to
pl
the real environment; not learning words for nature

8a 5.8 Ss listen to the sentences, paying attention to how the
4 Parents are also spending less time outdoors. Grandparents
clauses are said as separate chunks.
spent more time outside when they were children than
b Ss listen again and repeat.
e
children do now.
5 It’s proof people are noticing real wildlife while playing a
game. Pronunciation checkpoint
M
When we write complex sentences with more than one

6 Ss discuss the questions in groups. When they have finished, clause, we use commas to help readers separate and identify
elicit Ss’ answers and have a brief class discussion. information. When speaking, we use pauses for the same
at
reason. If speakers don’t pause slightly between clauses,

listeners can become overwhelmed and find it hard to follow
Grammar the meaning.
er
Participle clauses
7a Ss choose the correct alternatives alone, then check in pairs. Audioscript 5.8
ia
1 Most mornings, I’ll walk along the shoreline with my dog, looking out
across the water.
Answers: a looking b Hidden c Having analysed 2 Hidden away in its own little valley, it’s about a thousand metres
above sea level.
l©
b Ss analyse the sentences in Ex 7a in pairs, then read the 3 Having analysed the data, they published their rather shocking
grammar box and check their answers. Check answers with the findings in the journal Science.
class and answer any questions Ss have. 4 Nearing the top of the mountain, we came to a glacier.
5 Based in a mountainous region, the group operated very
independently.
Answers:
6 Having climbed the ridge before, I was feeling confident.
P
1 They add extra information.

2 b – it’s formed with a past participle (also the house can’t
ea
hide itself!) 9 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Remind
3 a and c – looking emphasises that this action continues for them that they will need to choose present participles, past
the duration of the one in the main clause (walk ); Having participles or perfect participles. Tell weaker classes that there
analysed emphasises that this action happened before the are two perfect participles. Check answers with the class.
rs
one in the main clause (they published )

Answers: 1 Located 2 Climbing 3 Having visited
4 Living 5 Built 6 Introduced 7 Having struggled
on
Ask Ss to find additional examples of participle clauses in the 10 Remind Ss of the places they described in Ex 3, then ask them
article, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class. to write three sentences with participle clauses about the places
and what they did there. Monitor and check Ss are forming the
Answers: participle clauses correctly. Put Ss in pairs to share their sentences
20
Wanting to find out the answers to this question, … and encourage them to give more information.
… this should not surprise us, given the major changes there
have been to the way childhood is experienced. Further practice
Taken together, all these factors mean …
23
Spending far less time outside than our grandparents did …

5B Grammar 2, p193
characters ‘hidden’ in real world places, …
80
Speaking
Unit 5
Prepare Write the following questions on the board:
11 5.9 Read the questions with the class so Ss know what How many words that you learnt today were new?
to listen for. Ss listen and answer the questions for each speaker How do you think you’ll use them in the future?
alone, then check in pairs. Play the recording again if necessary, Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have
then check answers with the class. finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the
Answers:
Speaker 1
S
Homework ideas
a mountainous area in Russia near Georgia; beautiful highland
region; valleys, rivers, lakes, glaciers, caves; can do outdoor Language bank: 5B Ex 1–2, p145
am
pursuits (hiking, horse-riding, skiing) and perhaps see eagles Workbook: Ex 1–4, p37
b needs to attract more tourists – poor area, not many tourists App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice
Speaker 2
a an island area off the coast of Vietnam; it’s a marine reserve;
pl
you can go diving, do water sports, see wildlife Fast route: continue to Lesson 5C
b needs greater protection – speed boats and the number of Extended route: go to p124 for Develop your writing
tourists are damaging the environment
e
Audioscript 5.9
Speaker 1
M
Karachay-Cherkessia is a fairly mountainous Russian republic just north

of Georgia, not far from the Black Sea. It doesn’t get many tourists
and isn’t really a very wealthy area, so they could use the money. It is
at
incredibly beautiful, though. Most of the republic’s located up in the

5C House or home?
highlands and there are some big rivers like the Teberda and the Kuban
flowing through the valleys. You can explore the lakes and glaciers and
er
caves as well as mountains, where you might get to see some eagles … Introduction
and you can go hiking or horse-riding or even skiing. I think the best way
to promote it would be to make a video of maybe a couple doing some of The goal of this lesson is for students to describe different
these things, shown from their point of view, and promote that via social homes. To help them achieve this, they will study translation and
ia
media. Keep it simple and let the landscape speak for itself. collocation and vocabulary to describe homes and decoration.
Speaker 2
The Chàm islands are off the coast of Vietnam. The area is a national park
l©
Warm up
and marine reserve, where you can go diving or do other water sports.
And there’s lots of wildlife. It is an amazing place, but it’s having some Write the following on the board:
problems because of tourism. For example, one of the most important 1 a … truth
things about the area is the sea grass that grows around the island and
2 on the …
it’s being damaged by people using speed boats. Thinking about that,
maybe they should just ban those kinds of boats. I can’t decide if it would 3 drive something …
P
be best to limit numbers by just putting up the entrance fee to the park 4 get on like a … on fire
or by having a lottery for entrance tickets. Another way would be to Explain that each of the phrases is an idiom with either house or
ea
tighten the rules about the kinds of activities that are offered. Making home. Ss complete the idioms then discuss what they think they
sure that activities don’t disturb wildlife or cause environmental damage mean. Check answers with the class and explain the meanings.
would probably discourage tour operators offering cheap deals for large
groups and, as I say, maybe it’d mean banning speed boats and things
Answers:
rs
like that. I guess any advertising could focus on the conservation side of
things. 1 a home truth = a true but unpleasant fact that someone tells
you about yourself
2 on the house = free
on
12 Ask Ss to think of a place that they know, then make notes

3 drive something home = insist on or repeat a point until it’s
on the points given. Clarify that Ss need to decide if their chosen
clearly understood
place needs more visitors or more protection. Monitor and help,
4 get on like a house on fire = have a very good relationship
writing any new vocabulary on the board.
with someone
20
Speak
13a Go through the Useful phrases with the class. Ss explain
their ideas to each other in pairs. Monitor and make notes on Ss’
23
b Pairs decide which is the best proposal, then share it with the
class. You could have a class vote for the best proposal via a show
of hands. Give Ss feedback on their language use as a class.
81
Language focus
Unit 5
Translation and collocation Ss could create more mind maps containing collocations to illustrate
1a Focus attention on the photos and elicit Ss’ ideas about the usage of other pairs of similar words, e.g. between/among,
questions as a class. classic/classical, do/make, end/finish, fun/funny, high/tall, say/tell.
Assign a pair of words to different pairs and have them research
b Ss answer the questions in pairs. When they have finished,
and create their mind maps, then share them with the class.
2 Ask: Do you ever make direct translations of words from your Further practice
language into English? What problems can be caused with direct
S
translations? Ss read the language focus box, then discuss the

points in pairs. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ ideas as a class.
am
Suggested answers:
The benefits of each suggestion:
Reading
• You avoid the trap of word for word translation and bringing
L1 collocations over into English and you learn more about 5 Ss read the blog post quickly and answer the question alone,
pl
how words are actually used (with other words). then check in pairs. Check the answer with the class.
• Words often have particular grammatical features that they
are often used with. This might include articles, prepositions, Answer:
e
whether they’re used in the active or passive, whether a verb Yes – there are lots of them; People show off their beautiful,
is transitive or intransitive, etc. expensive homes!
• You can test yourself. If you’re feeling a bit lazy, look at the
M
English and say the L1 version; to push yourself, look at the L1 6 Ss read the blog post again and decide which of the statements
version and say the English the author would agree with. Ss compare answers in pairs, then
at
• This helps you see how similar words are used differently and check answers with the class.
helps you remember the meaning, too.
• Mind maps help people who benefit from visual Answer:
representations to remember. The writer would probably agree with statements 1, 3, 4 and 6.
er
• Keeping a record of new language in an organised way helps

you revisit and retrieve the language. 7 Ss discuss the statements in Ex 6 in pairs. Encourage them to
give reasons for their opinions. When they have finished, elicit Ss’
ia
ideas and have a brief class discussion.

Ss work alone to complete the exercise, then check their
Vocabulary
l©
answers in pairs. In feedback, elicit Ss’ answers and drill the

questions. Homes and decoration
Answers: 8 Read the example with the class, then ask Ss to complete the
1 1 make 2 make 3 done 4 doing 5 make 6 make rest of descriptions. Ss check in pairs, then check answers with
7 doing 8 did 9 make 10 do the class. If you have a projector, project the descriptions on the
P
boards and ask Ss to come up and annotate them there.

ea
3a Clarify that house goes with all the items in one of the mind
Answers:
maps and home goes with all the items in the other one. Ss complete
1 They live in this exclusive block of flats that looks out over
the mind maps alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the
the beach. I can’t imagine what it is worth! They also have a
class and check understanding of the phrases by asking focused
lot of antique furniture and a cupboard full of china plates.
rs
questions, e.g. Who might live in a care home? (someone elderly).

2 His office is a tip and full of clutter. There are stacks of
Answers: A home B house magazines on the floor, a broken coffee maker, various cups
and awards on the bookshelves. And these dusty old blinds
on
b Ss add one more example to each mind map. Elicit Ss’ ideas and over the windows. I don’t know how he can work in there.
write them on the board. 3 She’s got African ornaments on the shelves from when
she lived in Kenya and the walls are filled with framed
Suggested answers: certificates and letters of thanks from clients.
20
home: go into a retirement, stable, come, go, get, 4 They have quite a spacious living room, which has these big
bring/take something/somebody glass doors that slide open on to this shady little patio with
house: a dilapidated, a modest, an unoccupied, rent a, pot plants and a barbecue. It’s lovely in the summer.
demolish a 5 Their place always looks spotless; there are never any toys
23
or clothes in sight. They have all these fitted cupboards and

4a Ask Ss to cover the mind maps with a piece of paper or their if you open them, everything’s all neatly arranged and every
notebooks and complete the questions alone. Ss uncover the mind surface is polished and shiny!
maps to check their answers, then check answers with the class.
Answers: 1 leave 2 ownership 3 care 4 warming

5 round 6 improvement
b Ss discuss the questions in Ex 4a in pairs. When they have

finished, elicit answers from a few Ss.
82
9a 5.10 Ss listen and write the phrases, paying attention to Speaking
Unit 5
the way of is pronounced.
b 5.11Ask Ss to compare what they have written in pairs,
Prepare
then check answers with the class. Play the recording for Ss to 11 Ss make notes to answer the questions about two homes
listen and repeat. they know well. Monitor and help if necessary, writing any new
Answers: 12a 5.12 Play the recording of two people describing homes
1 a budget of half a million for Ss to listen and make notes about the speakers’ answers to the
2 a lot of antique furniture questions in Ex 11. Play the recording again if necessary.
S
3 full of clutter
Audioscript 5.12
4 stacks of books
1 My friend lives in a house with his parents. The house itself is pretty
am
5 all kinds of Asian ornaments

normal for round here. I guess the one thing I notice is there are lots
6 a set of framed photographs
of bookshelves and they still have stacks of DVDs, which I find a bit
weird. His parents work at a university I think. His room is full of all
10 Ss discuss their ideas in pairs. When they have finished, elicit this stuff. Like he has video games and books and stuff, but he also
Ss’ ideas and have a brief class discussion. has a collection of cola bottles and little plastic figures he’s got out of
pl
chocolate eggs and loads of other little bits and pieces. Everything’s
VOCABULARY BANK 5C p160 really neatly arranged. He’s also got lots of really cool posters and
sketches and other things he’s done. He says he wants to become a
Collective nouns
e
designer and he is really good at art and stuff like that so I suppose it
These optional exercises build on the lexical set in the reflects that side of his personality.
vocabulary section. 2 My gran has a top-floor flat in a block of flats in a suburb of Valencia,
Spain. It’s a fairly typical modern flat – it’s reasonably spacious – it
M
1a Ss match the nouns alone then check in pairs. Check

has polished marble floors, a smallish kitchen. She has a cleaner
come in a couple of times a week, so it’s always very clean and tidy –
Answers: 1 c 2 a 3 e 4 b 5 f 6 d although she has one room with a lot of clutter in it – stuff from her
at
old house she’s just never got rid of. The thing I really like about it is
b Ss match the nouns alone then check in pairs. Check the view. It overlooks the huerta, which is the farmland where they
answers with the class and ask if Ss have similar collective grow fruit and vegetables and there’s also a ridge of small mountains
er
nouns to the ones in Ex 1a and Ex 1b in their language(s). in the distance and you can also see the shoreline of the sea. Our
flat in London just overlooks other houses so it’s a big difference.
Answers: 7 i 8 k 9 h 10 g 11 j 12 l There are two other things I always think of with her flat. On the
wall in the living room there is a set of framed photos of nine of her
ia
2 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. children which are in like one long strip and then there is a separate
Check answers with the class. photo added below for her tenth child, my mum! The other thing is
Answers: this antique lamp that she has hanging from the ceiling in the spare
l©
bedroom. It hangs quite low and the number of times I have hit my
1 body of evidence
head on it getting out of bed! I hate that lamp!
2 string of attacks
3 wave of strikes
4 flood of applications b Ss compare notes in pairs and discuss how each speaker
5 bunch of keys answered the questions in Ex 11. When they have finished, check
P
6 pack of lies answers with the class.

7 mob of angry people
ea
8 a herd of wild elephants Answers:

9 stack of letters Speaker 1
10 panel of experts 1 It’s the home of a friend, who lives with his parents.
11 flock of sheep/ducks 2 We don’t hear where it is.
rs
12 fleet of vehicles 3 The house itself is pretty normal but it’s full of all sorts of
weird things.
3 Read the examples with the class, then give Ss a few 4 the cool posters and sketches
on
minutes to prepare. When they are ready, put Ss in pairs to 5 the bookshelves, DVDs, video games, cola bottles, a collection
share their ideas. of little plastic figures, cool posters and sketches
6 The friend wants to be a designer and his room reflects this.
Speaker 2
Further practice
1 her Gran’s
20
Photocopiable activities: 5C Vocabulary, p197 2 top-floor flat in a block of flats in a suburb of Valencia
App: 5C Vocabulary practice 1 and 2 3 modern, reasonably spacious, clean and tidy (though one
room is full of clutter)
23
4 The speaker likes the view. It overlooks farmland, where

people grow fruit and vegetables, and you can also see
mountains and the shoreline of the sea.
5 framed photos of all ten kids, a low-hanging antique lamp
6 The clutter and the pictures reflect bits of her life.
83
Speak
Unit 5
13a Go through the Useful phrases with the class, then put Ss in 5D English in action
pairs to describe the homes they chose to each other. Encourage
Ss to ask follow-up questions to find out more information.
b Ask Ss to choose the most interesting-sounding home, then Introduction
describe it to the class. Encourage other Ss to ask questions to
The goal of this lesson is for students to practise making
find out more information.
suggestions about what to do in an area. To help them achieve
this, they will learn phrases for advising and suggesting. They
also learn vocabulary related to hosting guests.
S

How confident do you feel describing homes in English?
am
Warm up
What have you learnt about translation and collocation in
English today? Write the following questions on the board:
How do you think this will be useful in the future? Where do you like to stay when you go on holiday (e.g. hotel, tent,
Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have B&B, self-catering cottage)? Why?
pl
finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the Ss discuss the question in pairs. When they have finished, elicit
class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not. answers from a few pairs and have a brief class discussion.
Encourage Ss to give one pro and one con for each type of
e
Homework ideas accommodation they came up with.

Vocabulary
M

App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice Hosting guests
1 Focus attention on the pictures and elicit what’s happening
at
in each one. Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have

Fast route: continue to Lesson 5D finished, elicit a few Ss’ ideas and have a brief class discussion.
Extended route: go to p104 for Develop your reading 2a Ss decide what the words in bold mean, using dictionaries
er
and/or their mobile devices to look them up if necessary. With

weaker classes, explain the meanings of the words before they
discuss the questions.
ia
Answers:
1 an en suite is a private bathroom next to a bedroom
l©
2 something communal is shared freely by a group of people

3 you flush water to clear the toilet
4 a payment clears when the money appears in the account
5 setting off an alarm (e.g. by burning something) causes a
loud sound
P
6 dimensions are the size or measurement of something

7 an amount that is payable must be paid
ea
8 recycling bins are where you put rubbish that can be treated
so that it can be used again
9 a safe is a strong metal box where you keep money and
valuable things
rs
10 a duvet is a kind of thick blanket
b Ss discuss the questions in pairs. Check answers with the class.

on
Answers: 1 G; D 2 H; D/A 3 G; A 4 H; D 5 H; A 6 G; D
7 H; D 8 H; A 9 G; D/A 10 G; A

20
Ss’ answers and have a brief class discussion.
Listening
23
4 5.13 Read through the list of things with the class so

they know what to listen for. Ss listen and tick the things they
talk about, then order them. Ask Ss to check in pairs, then check
Answers: They talk about g, a, b and e in that order.
84
Unit 5
Audioscript 5.13
H: Nasrin?
G: Yes.
H: Hi. Come in, come in. How was your journey? Answers: 1 make sure you 2 ought to
G: Fine. An early start but yeah, OK. 3 ’d be well advised to 4 there’s no harm in
H: Well, just leave your bags there for the moment I’ll show you round 5 (really) should check out 6 It’s a must
the whole house … 7 best bet would be to (best bet is to is also possible)
… 8 it’s advisable to 9 it’d be wise to (it’s wise to is also possible)
G: Thanks for the tour. It’s a lovely place you’ve got here.
5.14 Ss listen to and write the sentences, deciding which
S
H: Thank you. I’m glad you like it. And as I said, make yourself at home. If 8
there’s anything else you need, just ask, OK. word appears in every sentence. Explain that the word might be
G: I will. Actually, there was one other thing. Could you just tell me a bit in a different form in each one. Ask Ss to compare what they have
am
more about the area? You know, what there is to see and do round
written in pairs, then check with the class and elicit which word
here.
H: Yeah, sure. Well, as you probably saw on your way here, it’s a fairly appears in all the sentences. Write all the sentences on the board
lively area. If you’re into Korean or Japanese food, check out Dotori on during feedback as Ss will need them for Ex 9.
the main road. It’s a must. They have the best sushi ever!
pl
G: OK. Well, that sounds good. Would we need to book? Answers: 1 I’d prefer to stay here. 2 I’d ask him, if I were you.
H: It depends a bit on the day, but I think it’d probably be wise to. I have 3 That would be your best bet, I guess. 4 It’d probably be wise.
been disappointed a couple of times. I can message you the number 5 Would you mind? 6 I would, but that’s just me.
e
later on, if you want.

Would is in every sentence.
G: Thank you.
H: And you really ought to go and have a look at Factory. It’s a big old
warehouse down near the river that they’ve recently renovated and 9a Give Ss a minute to read the information box and ask any
M
converted into an arts centre. They do free comedy nights on Fridays questions they might have. Play the recording again for Ss to listen
so … and repeat the sentences in Ex 8.
G: Oh great! You’re spoilt for choice round here, aren’t you? b Ss match the six sentences from Ex 8 with the descriptions
at
H: Well, the area’s changing pretty fast, that’s for sure.

alone. Ask Ss to compare ideas in pairs, then check answers with
G: And what about if I want to get into the centre? What’s the best way?
H: I guess your best bet would be to just get the 154 bus, to be honest.
the class.
er
It stops three minutes down the road from here and it’ll take you right
into the heart of town. Answers: 1 f 2 d 3 c 4 e 5 b 6 a
G: OK. And what about getting back late at night? What time do the
buses run till?
Speaking
ia
H: Midnight. Any later than that and it’s advisable to just get a cab. Make
sure you get a licensed one, though, preferably. Just to be on the safe
side. I usually use the GrabTaxi app, so you might want to download
Prepare
10a Ss prepare their lists alone. Monitor and help if necessary,
l©
that.
G: Will do. And I promise not to make any noise if I do come back late. writing any new vocabulary on the board.
H: Thanks. That’d be appreciated. b Refer Ss back to the Useful phrases box and ask them to write
G OK. Well thanks for the info. Oh, one last thing. Did you say it was OK
five sentences to welcome their guest. Monitor and check Ss are
to use the washing machine?
forming them correctly.
H: Yes of course, but preferably ask me first – just in case I need it.
P
G: Sure.
H: You can use the line on the balcony and if you need to do a bit of
Speak
11a Go through the conversation flow chart with the class. Put
ea
ironing …
G: Oh don’t worry – I never bother with ironing. Life’s too short. Ss in A/B pairs to practise their conversations. Monitor and make
H: Yeah, unfortunately I can’t avoid it. OK well – I’ll leave you to unpack notes on Ss’ language use.
and get settled in.
b Ss swap roles and practise their conversations again.
G: Thanks.
rs
12 Ss discuss the question in pairs, then share the best features

with the class.
5 Ss read the sentences and tick the ones they think are true,
then listen again to check their answers. Check answers with the
on
class and ask what words and phrases they heard that told them
the sentences were true and to correct the incorrect statements.
Do you feel more confident advising and suggesting in English
Answers: 1 (lively) 2 (Korean or Japanese) now?
What helped the most?
20
3 (It’d probably be wise to) 4 (a warehouse)

5 (free comedy nights) 6 (spoilt for choice) Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have
7 (till midnight) 8 (preferably licensed ones) finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the
9 (the guest doesn’t need it but the host does have one) class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not.
23
6a Ss work in pairs to complete the sentences. Ask pairs to join Homework ideas
up into groups of four to compare ideas, but don’t give any
answers yet.
b Ss check their answers to Ex 6a with the Useful phrases box.
Check answers with the class. Roadmap video
Answers: 1 check out; must 2 wise 3 ought 4 best bet
5 advisable; Make sure 6 preferably
85
3a Give Ss a few minutes to read the Focus box and ask any
Unit 5
5A Develop your listening questions they have. Ss then match the announcements with the
informal meanings.
b Ask Ss to compare answers in pairs, then check answers with
the class.
Introduction
Ss develop the listening skill of understanding public address Answers: 1 e 2 g 3 a 4 d 5 f 6 b 7 h 8 c
announcements by learning common announcement phrases.
S
Warm up In pairs, Ss can test each other’s memories by covering the

Review the commuting vocabulary from Lesson 5A with a board announcements and trying to remember them by reading their
am
race. Put Ss in two large groups and give a board pen to each group. informal meanings.
Describe one of the words or phrases, for example a road that
diverts traffic away from the centre of a town or city (= bypass). 4 5.7 Ss listen to the announcements and choose the correct
A member of each team comes up to the board and writes the options alone, then check in pairs. Clarify that sometimes both
word or phrase. The first team to write it correctly wins a point. options are correct. Play the recording again if necessary, then
pl
Describe the next word and repeat the process. At the end, the check answers with the class.
team with the most points wins.
e
Answers:
1 Read the examples with the class, then put Ss in pairs to make
1 a 2 b 3 b 4 both 5 a 6 b 7 a 8 a 9 both 10 a
their lists. When they have finished, elicit their answers and write
them on the board (or invite Ss to do so).
M
Audioscript 5.7
2a 5.6 Play the recording so Ss can listen and note the places.
1 On a bus
Audioscript 5.6 The final destination of this bus has changed. Please listen for
at
1 May I have your attention please on platform seven. We are sorry to further announcements.
announce that the nine thirty-six WingRail service to Durham has 2 At a stadium
been cancelled. This is due to a driver shortage. WingRail apologises Ladies and gentlemen, a message from the police. They’ve asked
er
for the disruption to your journey today. us to tell you that the exit on the south side of the stadium will be
2 This bus terminates here. Please take all your belongings with you. closed after the game. Please exit via the west or north side.
3 Doctor Issac please call zero. Doctor Issac. Thank you.
3 In a train station
ia
4 Ladies and gentlemen, we ask that you rise for a moment of

silence. Last week, our club and the football world lost a dear friend Here is a special announcement. A replacement bus service is in
in the form of Dame Marjory Eagle, the owner of this football club. operation between East Croydon and Gatwick Airport. Please allow
Please join us in remembering her. extra time for your journey.
l©
5 Ladies and gentlemen, my name is Farnaz Bacquri and I’m your chief 4 On a bus
flight attendant. On behalf of Captain Mahsud and the entire crew, I’d Ladies and gentlemen please move right down inside the bus.
like to welcome you aboard JL Airlines flight 312 to Islamabad. Move right down inside the bus. Thank you.
6 May I please have your attention? The store will be closing in five …
minutes. Please make your way to the checkouts. We thank you for A ticket check is about to commence. Please have your tickets or
shopping with us today. passes ready for inspection.
P
7 Attention please, this is the final call for passengers on Lennox 5 On a flight
Airways flight 057 to Madrid, boarding gate number 53. Ladies and gentlemen the captain has illuminated the seatbelt sign
ea
8 Ladies and gentlemen, with summer fast approaching get 15 percent in preparation for landing. Please return to your seat. At this time,
off all swimwear at Beachhouse. That’s right, 15 percent off all make sure your seat backs and tray tables are in their full upright
swimwear at Beachhouse on the second floor. position and that your seat belt is correctly fastened. Also, your
portable electronic devices must be set to ‘airplane’ mode until the
plane is safely landed and on standby at the gate.
rs
b Ask Ss to check ideas in pairs, then confirm the locations with 6 In a shop
the class. Ss then listen again and answer the questions alone, Clean up in aisle six. Clean up aisle six.
then check in pairs. Check answers with the class. 7 In a shop
on
Emergency evacuation. This is not a drill. Please proceed calmly to

the nearest exit. We repeat, please remain calm. Do not panic. Please
Answers:
proceed to the nearest exit.
2a 8 In an airport
1 at a train station 2 on a bus 3 in a hospital 4 at a stadium Your attention please, all passengers on flight 482 to Milan, boarding
20
5 on a plane 6 in a shop 7 at an airport is about to commence at gate 8. Please make your way to gate 8.
8 in a shopping centre or department store Thank you.
2b 9 In a train station
Please be aware that pickpockets operate in this station. Please keep
1 the 9.36 to Durham; not enough train drivers
your belongings with you at all times and don’t leave any baggage
23
2 get off the bus unattended. Thank you.

3 dial zero on a phone 10 In a shopping centre
4 stand up for a moment of silence to remember Dame The blue Volkswagen, licence plate number FGK 854T, is parked
Marjory Eagle illegally. Will the owner please remove the car?
5 to welcome passengers on board and introduce the chief
flight attendant 5 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished,
6 pay for anything in their basket now and leave elicit their answers and have a brief class discussion.
7 go to gate 53
8 15 percent off swimwear Homework ideas
86
6 Ss decide which sentence in each pair is more engaging and
Unit 5
5B Develop your writing discuss why in pairs. Check answers with the class.
Answers:
1 b – more descriptive language
Introduction 2 a – use of as … as comparison
Ss develop the skill of writing a narrative by learning how to use 3 a – use of comparison using felt like + clause
evocative and descriptive language. 4 a – more descriptive language
5 b – use of comparison using felt like + clause
S
Warm up 6 b – use of as … as comparison

7a Ss rewrite the descriptions, using the techniques in the Focus
am
What do you know about volcanoes? box. Monitor and check Ss are forming sentences correctly. When
Are there any volcanoes in your country? they have finished, put Ss in pairs to compare descriptions and
Which famous volcanoes do you know? choose the best one, then share this with the class.
Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, ask a
pl
few pairs to share their answers with the class. Suggested answers:
1 The most lucid memory from my early years is of me standing
1a Ss label the diagram alone, then check in pairs. Check answers
rigid under a tree right in the middle of a storm. I was soaked.
with the class.
e
2 I feel most serene when I’m reclining on a beach, the sand

under me and the sea in front of me, stretching out like an
Answers:
endless ocean.
A fumes B crater C core D lava E descent F ascent
M
3 I’m petrified of dogs. When I meet a huge one my mouth goes

as dry as sandpaper and my legs start to tremble. I want to
b Focus attention on the photos, then give Ss a few minutes to
run away hurriedly.
at
think of words and phrases to describe them and write them down.
4 On my very first day at school, the institution felt as big as a
When they are ready, elicit Ss’ ideas and write them on the board.
city and I was surrounded by a multitude of other infants.
2a Read the title of the narrative and ask: Why might someone go
er
to the bottom of a volcano? Ss then read the narrative to find out

b Ss make the sentences about themselves using the beginnings
and answer the questions.
of those in Ex 7a, then check in pairs. In feedback, ask a few Ss to
b Ask Ss to check ideas in pairs, then check answers with the share their sentences with the class.
ia
class. As a class, discuss whether Ss would like to be part of

mission like this. Prepare
8a Ss choose an event and make notes, using the guidelines
l©
Answers: given. Monitor and help with ideas and vocabulary if necessary,
1 four writing any new words and phrases on the board.
2 The acid rain threatened to eat through their ropes. b Ss organise their notes into a clear order. Monitor and offer help
3 to conduct experiments in the core of the volcano if necessary.
P
3a Read the example with the class, then ask Ss to work in pairs Write
to think of alternatives for the words in bold. Ss could use an 9 Ss write their descriptions, keeping the reader and their
ea
online thesaurus on their mobile devices to help. When they have engagement in mind. Remind them to include different types of
finished, elicit Ss’ ideas and write them on the board. evocative and descriptive language. Monitor and offer corrections
b Refer Ss to the original article on p167 to find the actual words if necessary.
and phrases used. Check answers with the class and find out if 10a Ss reread their descriptions and check their use of evocative
rs
anyone came up with any of the same alternatives. and descriptive language, referring back to the Focus box if
necessary.
Answers: 1 faint-hearted 2 fiery 3 a heavy downpour
b Ss exchange descriptions in pairs, checking and feeding back on
on
4 tumbling down 5 running low 6 abandon the mission

each other’s work. Ss could then write a final draft, either in class
7 scorching 8 deafening 9 awe-inspiring 10 gruelling
or for homework.
4a Ss discuss the question in pairs. Don’t give the answer yet. Homework ideas
b Ss read the Focus box and check their ideas. Answer any
20
Ex 10b: Write a final draft of your description.

questions Ss have.
Answer: They engage the reader’s imagination (by making the
story more dramatic or easier to imagine and bringing the reader
23
closer to the action).
5 Ss find more examples of points 2 and 3 in the Focus box in

the description alone, then compare in pairs. Check answers with
the class.
Answers:
2 a lake of lava as big as a football field
3 We felt like astronauts / the volcano felt like a bomb that
might explode
87
4a Give Ss a few minutes to read the Focus box and ask any
Unit 5
5C Develop your reading questions they have. Ss then decide which of the words in bold in
the article it is important to know the meaning of.
b Ss compare answers in pairs, explaining their decisions. Ss can
also discuss any techniques they use to guess the meaning of
Introduction
unknown words. Check answers with the class, pointing out the
Ss develop the reading skill of understanding an article by deciding information about each word in the answer key.
when to check the meaning of words.
Suggested answers:
S
Warm up 1 retrieve = a verb and is important to understand the sentence

Write the following questions on the board: 2 neglect = a verb and is important to understand the sentence
am
3 extravagantly = an adverb and is not necessary to

Do you like shopping?
understand the sentence
What are your favourite places to buy different things? Why?
4 separation = a noun but it is sufficient to understand that
Do you like to have the most up-to-date items (e.g. phone, laptop,
it is an example of a stressful life event to understand the
trainers)? Why/Why not?
sentence
pl
Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, ask a

5 materialistic = an adjective but quite important in the
few pairs to share their answers with the class.
sentence
1a Ss do the quiz alone, guessing the answers to each question.
e
b Ss compare answers in pairs, then turn to p174 to check their 5a Ss read the article extracts and guess the meanings of the
answers. Check answers with the class and find out which fact words in bold (if they think it’s worth it).
b Ss compare what they did in pairs. In feedback, point out the
M
they found most surprising.

information in the answer key.
Answers: 1 c 2 b (although according to research the
at
average child only plays with 12 of them) 3 c 4 b 5 a Suggested answers:

It’s probably worth guessing or checking the meaning of 1, 3 and
2 Ss read the article quickly and match the titles with the 5 as they are nouns or verbs. It’s probably also worth checking 6
er
paragraphs alone, then check answers in pairs. Tell Ss not to use as although it’s an adverb, it’s important in the sentence (it also
dictionaries and clarify that one of the titles is not needed. Check reoccurs as an adjective later in the sentence).
answers with the class. 1 paradox = noun; meaning = a situation that seems strange
ia
because it involves two ideas that are very different

Answers: 1 e 2 c 3 f 4 a 5 g 6 b 2 promptly = adverb; meaning = immediately
3 outlast = verb; meaning = continue to exist longer than
l©
4 patently = adverb; meaning = obviously

Teaching tip
5 baffle = verb; meaning = if something baffles you, you can’t
It can sometimes be useful to limit the use of dictionaries
understand or explain it at all
or mobile devices during reading activities, for the following
6 rationally = adverb; meaning = sensibly, logically
reasons:
• to help Ss develop reading sub-skills such as guessing
P

meaning from context or ignoring non-essential vocabulary finished, nominate a Ss from each group to share anything
• to help Ss increase overall reading speed, especially when
ea
interesting they found out.

skimming for general meaning
• to help prepare for exam conditions Homework ideas
• to build Ss’ confidence at managing complex texts Workbook: Ex 1–6, pp.40–41
rs
• to limit the length of the activity and keep the lesson on

track
• to avoid incorrect or ‘bad’ translations
on
3 Ss read the article again more carefully and decide if the

statements are true, false or not mentioned, then check in pairs.
20
Answers: 1 NM 2 T 3 F 4 T 5 NM 6 T 7 F 8 NM
23
88
Unit 6
6A A difficult business
6 OVERVIEW Introduction
The goal of this lesson is for students to talk about businesses
and the economy. To help them achieve this, they will learn or
revise adverbs and adverbial phrases and vocabulary to describe
6A A dificult business
successful and failing businesses.
S
Goal | talk about businesses and the economy

Grammar | adverbs and adverbial phrases
am
Vocabulary | successful and failing businesses Warm up

GSE learning objective Write on the board: A successful company … . Give Ss a few
Can exchange complex information on a wide range of matters
minutes to think of how to complete the sentence. Monitor and
related to their work
help if necessary, writing any new vocabulary on the board.
6B On the map When they have finished, put Ss in small groups to compare their
pl
Goal | decide on the best kind of event for your town/city sentences, giving reasons. Ss then choose the best sentence in
to host their group and share it with the class to find out if others agree.
Grammar | further passive constructions
e
Vocabulary | hosting events

Reading
Can precisely express the potential consequences of actions
M
1 Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have

or events
finished, elicit Ss’ answers and have a brief class discussion.
6C Going out 2 Ss read the article quickly and match the headings with the
at
Goal | talk about events you have been to paragraphs alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the
Language focus | word grammar and patterns class.
(expect, surprised )
Vocabulary | talking about arts events
er
Answers: 1 e 2 c 3 d 4 a 5 b
Can express an attitude, opinion or idea using idiomatic
language Optional alternative activity
ia
Before reading, put Ss in pairs to read the headings and predict

Check and reflect
what each paragraph will say. Ss then read the article to check
Review exercises and communicative activities to practise the
their ideas and match the headings with the paragraphs.
l©
grammar and vocabulary from Units 5 and 6.
Roadmap video 3 Ss read the article again more carefully and decide which of
the points are made, then check in pairs. Check answers with the
class, asking Ss to identify relevant parts of the text.
VOCABULARY BANK
P
Answers: 2, 3 and 6
6A Talking about the economy
ea
6C Compound adjectives Optional extra activity

DEVELOP YOUR SKILLS
Which of the threats facing big companies mentioned in the
rs
6A Develop your reading article do you think is the most serious?

Goal | understand a story What other threats might such companies face?
Focus | inferring what will come next How do you think the companies could protect themselves
on
GSE learning objective against these risks?

Can infer what will come next in an unstructured text by using Do you think having very large companies is a problem?
contextual, grammatical and lexical cues Why/Why not?
6B Develop your listening Ss discuss the questions in small groups. When they have finished,
20
Goal | understand the main points of a complex presentation elicit a few answers and have a brief class discussion.
Focus | recognising nouns used as verbs
Can understand most TV news and current affairs programmes
23
6C Develop your writing

Goal | write a review
Focus | checking and correcting spelling
Can check and correct spelling, punctuation and grammar
mistakes in long written texts
89
Vocabulary Grammar
Unit 6
Successful and failing businesses Adverbs and adverbial phrases

4 Ss complete each description with a pair of words, then check 6 6.1 Read through the sentences with the class, then play
in pairs. Check answers with the class, then check understanding the recording for Ss to add the missing parts. Ask Ss to compare
of the words with focused questions, e.g. Which word means all answers in pairs, then play the recording again if necessary.
the money coming into a company? (turnover) If you undercut Check answers with the class and write the sentences on the
someone, do you charge less or more than they do? (less). board (or invite Ss to do so).
Answers: 1 undercut; board 2 monopoly; broken up Answers:

S
3 struggling; management 4 turnover; valued 1 There were plenty of giants in the past that are now seen as
5 sustainable; branch out 6 focus; edge ‘dinosaurs’ or that have shrunk quite dramatically.
am
2 It always ended in tears in our house – with my parents

angrily telling my brother not to be a bully.
3 Apparently, they wasted a lot of money redecorating
Other terms for turnover are revenue or gross income – also
when they didn’t need to.
known as the top line figure in financial statements. From
pl
this, costs and expenses are deducted and the amount left
7a Ss discuss the purpose of the adverbials in pairs.
over is profit or net income – also known as the bottom line
b Ss read the grammar box and check their ideas. Check answers
in financial statements.
e
with the class and be ready to answer any questions Ss have

about the grammar box.
M
Put Ss in pairs to discuss what type of company descriptions 4, 5 Answers:

and 6 in Ex 4 might refer to. When they have finished, elicit their 1 in the past = when; quite modifies dramatically; dramatically
ideas and find out if other Ss agree. = how much/the degree
at
2 in our house = where/the place; angrily = how/the manner

5 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit they told him
their ideas and have a brief class discussion. 3 Apparently = this is my opinion, based on what I’ve heard
er
and believe to be true

Suggested answers:
1 take out insurance, hire a competent corporate lawyer, LANGUAGE BANK 6A pp.146–147
ia
protect its data, form alliances with other companies

2 Good: a monopoly can benefit from economies of scale
check the notes with Ss, especially the word order of
(buying goods in bulk at a lower price), higher profit can be
l©
adverbial phrases. In each exercise, elicit the first answer as

used for research and development; Bad: higher prices for
an example. Ss work alone to complete the exercises, then
customers, less incentive to cut costs, less incentive to invest
and research, can be less efficient, less choice for customers
3 Good: companies can spread the risk, can allow the company
to survive as the economy changes; Bad: requires new skill Answers:
P
sets, can be risky, too much diversification may mean a 1 1 Prices have doubled in this country over recent months,
company is slow to respond to changes in the market yet they hardly ever talk about it on the news.
ea
4 undercutting (selling at a lower price), research, development, 2 Considering it’s only our third year, I think we’ve done
innovation, patents fairly well.
3 The whole industry has had a terribly difficult year so
far.
rs
VOCABULARY BANK 6A p161

4 I’ll be visiting several factories in the area in the coming
Talking about the economy months.
These optional exercises build on the lexical set in the 5 I accidentally copied in the whole of the office when I
on
vocabulary section. sent that email.

1 Ss match the words and phrases with the meanings alone, 6 Amazingly, they managed to survive the year, despite
then check in pairs. Check answers with the class. having debts of almost £100 million.
7 Inflation rose dramatically, but luckily, we had quite a
Answers:
20
lot of money saved up.

1 g 2 k 3 c 4 i 5 l 6 a 7 f 8 d 9 b 10 j 11 h 12 e
8 Sadly, the big department store in town is going to
2a Ss complete the questions alone, then check in pairs. be closing soon. (is soon going to be closing is also
Check answers with the class. possible)
23
Answers: 2 1 meet regularly (regularly meet is also possible)

1 booming 2 sector 3 frozen 4 privatisation 5 crash 2 understand perfectly
3 rose dramatically
b Put Ss in pairs to discuss three of the questions. Stronger 4 reacts badly
classes can discuss all the questions. When they have 5 selling well
finished, ask Ss to share their ideas with the class. 6 strongly denied
Further practice
90
8a 6.2 Play the recording for Ss to listen to the adverbs Speaking
Unit 6
and notice how the endings get shortened. Model yourself if
necessary and have Ss repeat them after you. Prepare
b 6.3 Ss listen and write the sentences they hear. Give Ss 11 Put Ss in pairs and ask them to come up with two examples
a chance to compare in pairs, then play the recording again if of companies, one that is doing well and one not so well. Tell Ss
necessary. Check answers and write the sentences on the board they can be local, national or international and can sell products or
(or invite Ss to do so). services. If necessary, suggest they think of pairs of department
stores, clothes companies, online companies, chains of shops,
Answers: 1 Supposedly, it’s OK. 2 Generally, it’s easy. chains of restaurants or social media companies. When they have
finished, elicit examples from the class and build a list on the board.
S
3 It’s literally next door. 4 I’m obviously very happy.

5 They’re apparently not so bad.
Speak
am
c Play the recording again for Ss to listen and repeat. 12a Put Ss in pairs to talk about the companies they came
up with, using the questions. Monitor and make notes on Ss’
9a Read the example with the class, then ask Ss to complete
the other sentences alone. Point out that more than one position
may be possible but Ss should try to decide on the most common b Put Ss in new pairs to compare their ideas. When they have
pl
position. finished, ask a few Ss to share some of their ideas with the class
and find out if other Ss agree. Give Ss feedback on their language
b 6.4 Ss check answers in pairs. Play the recording for Ss to
use as a class.
hear two possible answers for each sentence, then check answers
e
with the class.

Answers: Write the following questions on the board:
M
1 The economy has been growing quite slowly over the last How confident do you feel using adverbs and adverbial
few years. phrases?
at
Over the last few years, the economy has been growing How can you practise this further?
quite slowly. Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have
2 There are literally thousands of jobs on offer, but generally finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the
er
they are pretty poorly paid. class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not.
There are literally thousands of jobs on offer, but they are
pretty poorly paid generally.
Homework ideas
3 Supposedly, they’re the smartest people around, but
ia
personally, I think they’re fairly incompetent. Language bank: 6A Ex 1–2, p147

They’re supposedly the smartest people around, but I Workbook: Ex 1–5, p44
l©
personally think they’re fairly incompetent.

4 I’d happily work for this company for the rest of my life, but
admittedly, I’m not terribly ambitious.
I’d work for this company happily for the rest of my life, but Fast route: continue to Lesson 6B
I’m admittedly not terribly ambitious. Extended route: go to p106 for Develop your reading
5 In the past, these companies led their markets, but they
P
have now shrunk dramatically or disappeared completely.

These companies led their markets in the past, but they
ea
have now shrunk dramatically or completely disappeared.
Grammar checkpoint
rs
Depending on the adverbial, the position it’s in can 6B On the map

sometimes affect meaning. Compare:
He lent only me £10. (= I was the only one he lent money to.)
on
He lent me only £10. (= I wanted more but he only lent £10.) Introduction
They almost went bankrupt overnight.
The goal of this lesson is for students to decide on the best kind of
(= It nearly went bankrupt but didn’t in the end.)
event for their town/city to host. To help them achieve this, they
They went bankrupt almost overnight.
will learn or revise further passive constructions and vocabulary
20
(= It went bankrupt very quickly.)

related to hosting events.
Generally the position of adverbs doesn’t affect meaning,
however.
Warm up
23
10 Put Ss in small groups and ask them to choose three of the Write on the board: sports, culture, business. Give Ss an example
things to discuss. Encourage them to use adverbs and adverbial event for each category, e.g. sports: the World Cup; culture: Rio
phrases. Monitor and help if necessary. When they have finished, carnival; business: World Trade Summit and Expo. Put Ss in pairs
ask one member of each group to share their ideas with the class. and give them a few minutes to brainstorm as many major events
for each category as possible. When they have finished, divide the
Further practice board into three sections (one for each category), elicit their ideas
Photocopiable activities: 6A Grammar 1, p198; and write them in the relevant sections.
6A Grammar 2, p199
91
Reading and vocabulary Listening
Unit 6
Hosting events 5 6.5 Go through the questions with the class so they know
1 Focus attention on the photo and elicit what Ss can see. Put Ss what to listen for, then play the recording for Ss to listen and
in small groups to discuss the questions. When they have finished, answer the questions. Ss compare answers in pairs. Play the
elicit a few answers and have a brief class discussion. recording again if necessary, then check answers with the class.
2a Write on the board: Montreal and elicit what Ss know about
it, feeding in information from the Culture notes below. Read the Answers:
questions and elicit Ss’ predictions, then give them a few minutes 1 Palermo
2 a protest (by owners of a bar) against criminal gangs
S
to read the article quickly and check. Check answers with the class.
(the mafia)
Answers: 1 the Olympics 2 bad 3 Manifesta (a prestigious art festival)
am
4 more tourists and income; investment in further cultural,

Culture notes artistic and tourist-boosting activities
5 grants; put places on the map (makes them known); local
Montreal is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec
people see arts events for the first time; boosts local levels of
and the second largest city in Canada, after Toronto. The official
pl
well-being, confidence and pride

language spoken there is French. It is an important city for many
industries and businesses. Summers are warm, but winters can
Audioscript 6.5
get very cold.
e
The city of Palermo in Sicily, an island off the south coast of Italy, proves
b Ss read the article again more carefully and complete it, then how much can change when people have the vision and courage to
make it happen. In the past, corruption and violence was a huge problem
M

in Palermo, but in 2004 a protest by the owners of a new bar against
the criminal gangs proved to be a catalyst for change. Other businesses
Answers: 1 bid 2 catalyst 3 transformation 4 grants
joined their campaign and, thanks to local people and the remarkable
at
5 infrastructure 6 estimate 7 corruption 8 boycott politicians they elected, the city has been transformed. As a result of
this transformation Palermo was rewarded by being named Italy’s capital
3 Ss choose the correct definitions alone, then check in pairs. of culture in 2018, and the same year it hosted Manifesta, which is
er
Encourage them to use the context (situation) and co-text considered to be Europe’s most prestigious art festival and is held in a
(surrounding words) to help. Check answers with the class. different country every couple of years.
Over the course of the festival, tens of thousands of tourists visited
the city to experience a wide range of artworks specially commissioned
ia
Answers: 1 a 2 b 3 a 4 b
around the themes of migration, climate change and the way
communities are being impacted by these issues. Palermo’s mayor
Teaching tip welcomed the festival as an opportunity for the city to breathe new life
l©
It’s a good idea for Ss to record these new words as part of into both its local and national identity, and the income generated by
increased tourist numbers has been spent on further cultural, artistic
phrases in their vocabulary notebooks, e.g. host a prestigious
and tourist-boosting activities.
event, raise someone/something’s profile, a real boost to the
Despite the fact they are sometimes accused by critics of being a waste
economy, commission someone to do something. Identifying
of money, bids to host events such as Manifesta can clearly bring real
and recording vocabulary in phrases or ‘chunks’ rather than benefits to the city that’s chosen. For starters, grants usually become
P
just as individual words is an important technique for higher- available and, if invested wisely, this money can put places firmly on
level learners. It helps to boost collocational competence – an the map and bring in more visitors in the future. Perhaps even more
ea
essential part of more advanced vocabulary knowledge. important, though, is the impact on local residents, many of whom end
up visiting cultural events for the first time in their lives. What’s more,
it’s been shown that a winning bid boosts local levels of well-being,
4 Put Ss in pairs to come up with ideas. Monitor and help if confidence and pride, which, it could be argued, is priceless.
necessary, writing any new vocabulary on the board. When they
rs
have finished, elicit Ss’ ideas.

6 Go through the items in the box and elicit one or two things
Suggested answers: Ss can remember. Ss listen again and make notes, then compare
on
1 stadium, metro or transport links, hotel space, etc. in pairs.

2 a country is waging war against another place or people,
violated human rights Answers:
3 a work of art (portrait, sculpture, poem, etc.), a report, a corruption and violence was a huge problem in Palermo
businesses joined a campaign against criminal gangs
20
survey
4 Harvard, an Oscar some of the artworks in the Manifesta festival were around the
5 an election, a large company opening its headquarters in theme of climate change
an area critics sometimes accuse bids to host events like the Manifesta
23
festival of being a waste of money

local residents go to cultural events for the first time and
Further practice
winning a bid to host an important event improves their levels of
Photocopiable activities: 6B Vocabulary, p203 well-being, confidence and pride
7 Ss discuss the points in pairs. When they have finished, elicit
92
Grammar
Unit 6
Further passive constructions When two vowel sounds come together in connected
8a Write sentence 1 on the board and elicit how to say it as an speech, we often add another sound to make it smoother
active construction (As a result of this transformation, people and easier to say. In the case of to have, the first vowel
rewarded the city by naming it Italy’s capital of culture in 2018 ). sound is /uː/ and the second is /ə/, because /h/ is very
Ask: Do we know who the people are? (no). Ss underline and often dropped in normal speech. The extra added sound is a
discuss the passive constructions in pairs. When they have /w/ – we call this intrusive /w/: /tuːwəv/.
finished, check answers with the class. After an /iː/ or /ɪ/ sound, we insert an intrusive /j/ sound:
me /j/ and you.
S
Answers: After an /ɔː/ or /ə/ sound, we insert an intrusive /r/ sound:

1 As a result of this transformation, the city was rewarded by law /r/ and order.
am
being named Italy’s capital of culture in 2018.

2 If invested wisely, this money can put places firmly on the 10 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check
map answers with the class.
3 … Manifesta, which is considered to be Europe’s most
pl
prestigious art festival Answers:

4 It’s hoped that at the very least its profile will be raised. 1 be held; beat
In each case, we don’t know who does the action and it’s not 2 being
e
important to know. 3 chosen; receive

4 resigned; being accused
b Give Ss a few minutes to read the grammar box and ask any 5 is (often) argued; benefits
M
questions they have. Ss then match the examples in Ex 8a with 6 is believed to have cost
the patterns in the grammar box. Ask Ss to compare answers in 7 did not consider/have not considered; received
pairs, then check answers with the class. 8 generated; is expected to be spent
at
Answers: a will be raised b being named 11 Put Ss in pairs to choose one of the headlines and plan their
c is considered to be; It’s hoped d If invested ideas, then write a short paragraph. Encourage them to use at
er
e was rewarded by being named least two of the passive constructions from the lesson. When they
have finished, put pairs together with other pairs and ask them to
LANGUAGE BANK 6B pp.146–147 read each other’s paragraphs and guess what the headline is.
ia

Further practice
check the notes with Ss, especially the non-use of the verb
l©
be. In each exercise, elicit the first answer as an example.

Ss work alone to complete the exercises, then check their 6B Grammar 2, p202
answers in pairs. In feedback, elicit Ss’ answers and drill the App: 6B Grammar practice 1 and 2
questions. Ss can refer to the notes to help them.
Answers: Speaking
P
1 1 was initiated 2 has been held 3 be brought

4 put on 5 highlight 6 is thought 7 bringing
Prepare
ea
8 wishing 9 was created 10 reached 12 Ss think about the pros and cons of each event alone, making
11 is selected (has been selected is also possible) notes. Monitor and help with ideas and vocabulary if necessary,
12 Being chosen writing any new words and phrases on the board.
2 1 to award to be awarded 13 6.7 Tell Ss they’re going to listen to someone presenting
rs
2 correct an idea for an event and make sure they know what to listen for. Ss
3 assassinated was assassinated listen, then check in pairs. Check the answer with the class.
4 correct
on
5 having to have Suggested answer:

6 were photographed (being) photographed It’s a literary festival; it will be a good thing to host because
7 Having selected Having been selected it would raise the city’s profile, boost local pride and attract
tourists without the city having to spend a lot.
20
9a 6.6 Ss listen to the sentences and write them down,

paying attention to the pronunciation of to have. Audioscript 6.7
b Give Ss a chance to compare in pairs, then play the recording Personally, I’d like to see the city that I’m from host a literary festival
again if necessary. Check answers and write the sentences on of some kind. I mean, we’ve produced some really famous writers over
23
the board (or invite Ss to do so). Play the recording again for Ss the years and there’s still quite a strong literary scene. We’re often
to listen and repeat. If necessary, model the sentences yourself, considered to be one of the capitals of national culture too, so it’d make
isolating the relevant parts for Ss to notice clearly. sense. It would raise our profile, boost local pride and encourage a bit
more tourism as well. On top of all that, it wouldn’t break the bank. No
multi-million-pound stadiums or airports or anything would need to be
Answers:
commissioned and we wouldn’t even need to bid to put it on. I mean, we
1 The event is believed to have brought benefits. could just decide to start our own annual event. I think it would be great.
2 The World Cup is said to have earned Japan two trillion Yen.
3 The boycott is reported to have hit the economy hard.
4 The first event is thought to have been in 1863.
5 The bid is claimed to have cost millions.
93
Speak Reading and vocabulary
Unit 6
14a Go through the Useful phrases, eliciting possible ways to

Talking about arts events
finish them. Ss present their ideas to each other in pairs, focusing
on what they think is the most suitable event. Monitor and make
1 Ss read the activities in the box and say which they can see in
the photos. Check Ss know what each activity is, then ask them
notes on Ss’ language use for later feedback.
to discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit a
b Ask pairs to report their ideas on the most suitable event to
the class, then hold a class vote on the best option via a show of
hands. Give Ss feedback on their language use as a class.
Answers: A a small gig B a cabaret C a circus
D a poetry reading E a photographic exhibition
S
Write the following questions on the board: 2 Write on the board: a fringe festival and check what it means
am
What were the three most useful phrases you learnt today? (= an additional, perhaps non-official festival which usually
How do you think they’ll be useful in the future? happens at the same time as a mainstream festival). Ss read the
Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have article and answer the questions alone, then check in pairs. Check
finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the answers with the class.
pl

Answers:
1 They are spaces for experimental and alternative
Homework ideas
e
performances that don’t fit in at more mainstream events.

Language bank: 6B Ex 1–2, p147 2 It has moved from the underground or fringe into the
Workbook: Ex 1–4, p45 mainstream and become more and more popular and
M
App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice well-attended, but also more commercial perhaps.
3 Put Ss in pairs to try and remember what the numbers refer to,
at
Fast route: continue to Lesson 6C then ask them to read the article again and check their answers.
Extended route: go to p91 for Develop your listening Check answers with the class.
er
Answers:
20 million – people see fringe festivals events every year
250 – fringe festivals around the world every year
ia
60 – the Adelaide Fringe is now 60 years old

A$395 – the upper limit of the registration fee for people who
want to perform at the Adelaide Fringe
6C Going out
l©
A$4,000 – the organisers of the Adelaide Fringe give grants of

up to this amount to help artists
second – the Adelaide Fringe is the second biggest global arts
Introduction festival in the world (after the Edinburgh Fringe)
thousands – some performers spend thousands of dollars on
The goal of this lesson is for students to talk about events they’ve
P
their shows
been to. To help them achieve this, they will learn or revise word
three – the Adelaide Fringe is dominated now by three main
grammar and patterns and vocabulary related to arts events.
ea
venues
three million – people attend the Adelaide Fringe every year
Warm up two – some people would like the Adelaide Fringe to be split
Before class, write the following on the board: into two distinct events
rs
Type of event
How it will raise money 4 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished,
Name of event elicit their answers and have a brief class discussion.
on
What exactly we’ll do 5 Ss read the sentences and check they understand the words
Tell the class they’ve been asked to hold a small arts event to raise and phrases in bold. They can use dictionaries or their mobile
money for charity. Put Ss in groups to decide what to do and give devices to help. Ss then match the descriptions to the events in
them a maximum of two minutes to make notes on the points Ex 1 alone. Ask Ss to compare answers in pairs, then check
20
on the board. They should also decide who in the group will do
what. Clarify that groups have to work very quickly as this is a
‘speed planning’ task. When they have finished, ask each group to Answers: 1 an open-mike night 2 a circus
present their ideas to the class in exactly one minute. Use a timer, 3 a photographic exhibition 4 an indie film
23
if possible. After the presentations, find out which event is most 5 stand-up comedy 6 a small gig 7 a poetry reading
popular via a show of hands. 8 a cabaret 9 a community arts project
6 Give Ss a few minutes to read and choose two topics, then put
them in pairs to discuss their ideas. When they have finished, ask
a few Ss to share their ideas with the class.
94
A: Right. It’s not pretty, then.
Unit 6
VOCABULARY BANK 6C p161 B: No, not at all. To be honest, I only really went because my friend
Compound adjectives wanted to, but I found it really moving.
These optional exercises build on the lexical set in the A: You giving up meat then?
B: Not yet! But I am seriously beginning to think about it!
vocabulary section.
A: Wow! Powerful stuff, then.
1a/b Ss match the words and phrases with the meanings B: Yeah, I didn’t expect it to have such an effect on me – but if you
alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class. see it …
A: Where is that?
Answers: B: A gallery on Commercial Road.
1 b 2 a 3 f 4 e 5 c 6 d 7 k 8 i 9 l 10 h 11 j 12 g A: OK. Maybe I’ll check it out.
S
B: Do. So, what about you? Have you seen anything good?
2a Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs.
A: Well, I went to see Jim Charles last night. He was fantastic.
am
B: Oh really? I saw him the night before.

Answers: A: You didn’t like it?
B: Well no, not really. I actually didn’t expect it to be so basic and so rude!
1 down-to-earth 2 user-friendly 3 old-fashioned
Some of it was so over-the-top!
4 open-minded 5 easy-going 6 environmentally-friendly
A: Yeah, I guess if you’ve only seen him on TV, you wouldn’t know
7 well-behaved 8 fast-paced 9 densely-populated that side to him, but that’s the kind of stuff he’s always done in his
pl
10 hard-working 11 matter-of-fact 12 free-range stand-up.

B: Really? I just didn’t find it very funny.
3 Ss discuss the question in pairs. Encourage them to give A: Ah, come on! Didn’t you like that stuff about changing his kid’s nappy?
e
examples. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ ideas. B: Yeah, no. I did laugh at that, but not much else.
A: No? I really enjoyed it.
B: Oh well. You can’t please everyone.
Further practice
M
A: No. So, what else have you seen?

8a Ss listen again and complete the sentences, then check in
at
pairs. Play the recording a third time if necessary, then check

Listening
er
7 Tell Ss that they’re going to listen to two people talking

6.10 Answers:
about fringe events they’ve been to. Read the questions so that 1 it to be a bit more varied
Ss know what to listen for, then play the recording for Ss to listen 2 how much there is
ia
and answer the questions. Ask Ss to check answers in pairs, then 3 were much better than
check answers with the class. 4 something slower; a bit more folky
5 didn’t; to have such an effect on me
l©
Answers: 6 actually didn’t; to be so basic

1 One speaker saw a small gig by a band called Turtle Moon and
a photographic exhibition about industrial farming. They both b Ss work in pairs to discuss what the speakers were talking
saw stand-up comedy by Jim Charles. about in each sentence. When they have finished, check answers
2 The gig was amazing, the exhibition was very powerful and with the class.
P
moving. One speaker liked the stand-up, the other didn’t.

3 They disagreed about the stand-up. One speaker thought it Answers: 1 the festival 2 comedy and cabaret
ea
was too basic and rude. 3 Turtle Moon 4 the music played by Turtle Moon
5 the photography exhibition
Audioscript 6.10 6 Jim Charles, the stand-up comedian
rs
A: How’s it going? Are you enjoying the festival?

B: Yeah. Yeah. Language focus
A: You don’t sound so sure.
Word grammar and patterns (expect, surprised)
on
B: No, I am, I’ve already seen lots of good stuff. I just expected it to be a
bit more varied, I suppose. There’s so much cabaret and comedy. 9a Put Ss in pairs to discuss the question, referring back to the
A: Yeah, I know what you mean. But there is different stuff out there, sentences in Ex 8a.
too.
B: Sure. And don’t get me wrong, I do like good comedy and cabaret. I’m
b Ss read the language focus box to check their answers to Ex 9a.
just surprised how much there is here. Clarify that after expect several word patterns are possible, so
20
A: I suppose so, yeah. So, what’s the best thing you’ve seen so far? Ss should record complete phrases in their vocabulary notebooks
B: Oh – a couple of things. I saw this band yesterday – Turtle Moon they when they learn them. Ss then match the sentences in Ex 8a with
were called. the patterns in the Language focus box.
A: That’s a terrible name!
23
B: I know. I wasn’t sure either, but they were much better than I
Answers: a 3 b 1 c 4 d 6 e 5 f 2
expected. They were just amazing. They had this incredible energy
and they got everyone dancing. I suppose partly because it was
a small gig and it’d be described as world music, I was expecting Optional extra activity
something slower – you know, a bit more folky, so it was just a
You could ask Ss to translate whole sentences from Ex 8a into
surprise and we all came out just with a real buzz.
their first language and then try to translate them back literally
A: Yeah. It’s great when that happens.
B: And then the other great thing was this photographic exhibition into English. This can help students recognise different
about industrial farming and the effect on animals. colligations – or word patterns – and can limit mistakes based on
A: OK. That doesn’t sound much fun. first-language translation.
B: No. I mean, obviously it’s not, and being a meat eater, it’s … it was
challenging, shall we say.
95
Unit 6
LANGUAGE BANK 6C pp.146–147 Homework ideas

Stronger classes could read the notes at home. Otherwise, Language bank: 6C Ex 1, p147
check the notes with Ss. Elicit the first answer as an example. Workbook: Ex 1–5, p46
Ss work alone to complete the exercise, then check their App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice
answers in pairs. In feedback, elicit Ss’ answers. Ss can refer to
the notes to help them.
Answers: Fast route: Check and reflect: Units 5–6

1 1 correct Extended route: go to p126 for Develop your writing
S
2 how big was the city how big the city was (that the city
was so big is also possible)
am
3 so a big event such a big event

4 to expect me do to expect me to do
5 correct
6 correct
7 as good I was expecting as good as I was expecting 6 Check and reflect: Units 5–6
pl
8 to be so bad as it was to be as bad as it was (to be so bad

is also possible)
e
Introduction
10a 6.11 Play the recording for Ss to listen and pay attention
to the stressed and unstressed words. Ss revise and practise the language of Units 5 and 6. The notes
M
b Play the recording again for Ss to listen and repeat.

you may want to set the exercises for homework or use them as a
11a Give Ss plenty of time to think of their ideas and write their
diagnostic or progress test.
reasons. Monitor and help with ideas and vocabulary if necessary,
at
writing any new words and phrases on the board. 1 Ss complete the sentences alone then check in pairs. Check
b Put Ss in pairs to share their experiences and reasons. When answers with the class.
they have finished, ask a few Ss to share anything interesting they
er
found out about their partner with the class. Answers: 1 load 2 failure 3 carriageway 4 service
5 all-clear 6 diversion 7 debris 8 tailback
Further practice
ia
Photocopiable activities: 6C Language focus 1, p204; Optional extra activity

6C Language focus 2, p205 Ask Ss to choose three of the words and write their own example
App: 6C Language focus practice 1 and 2 sentences with each one, then blank out the words they used. Ss
l©
then swap sentences in pairs and guess the words.
Speaking 2 Elicit the first answer as an example. Ss complete the sentences

Prepare alone then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
12 Tell Ss they’re going to roleplay a discussion at a fringe
P
festival, similar to the one they listened to in Ex 7. Designate half Answers: 1 is being repaired 2 ’m working/’ll be working
the class as Student A and the other half as Student B. Direct Ss to 3 be waiting 4 had been snowing 5 be sitting 6 was driving
ea
the relevant pages to read their information and prepare for 7 have (just) been crawling
the roleplay.
3 Encourage Ss to complete the sentences from memory, then
Speak refer back to Lesson 5B to check if they need to. Ss complete the
rs
13a Go through the Useful phrases with the class, then put Ss sentences alone then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
in groups to have their discussions. Make sure you have a mix
Answers: 1 pass 2 valley 3 marine 4 rocky 5 mainland
on
of Student A and Student B in each group. Encourage group

members to ask questions to find out more information. 6 shoreline (shore is also possible) 7 mountainous 8 glaciers
b Discuss the question as a class, eliciting reasons why.
4 Elicit the first answer as an example and write the correct form
on the board. Ss complete the sentences alone then check in pairs.
20
Elicit the answers from the class and write the correct participle
forms on the board (or invite Ss to do so).
What did you learn about word patterns today?
How confident do you feel about using them now? Answers: 1 Based 2 Having checked 3 Living 4 Built
23
Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have 5 Having visited 6 Looking
class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not. 5a Ss complete the sentences alone then check in pairs. Check
Answers: 1 home 2 house (home is also possible but

less frequent) 3 home 4 home 5 home 6 house
7 house (home is also possible but less frequent) 8 house
96
b Ss ask and answer four of the questions in pairs. Stronger
Unit 6
classes can ask all the questions. When they have finished, elicit
Ss choose three of the descriptions and think of things they could
be describing, making notes. For example: 5 They were both really
Optional alternative activity out of tune. could be about two contestants in a TV singing
competition. When they are ready, put Ss in pairs to share their
Ss choose one or two of the questions, then conduct a class
ideas. Encourage them to give reasons and more information. When
survey by asking their question(s) to everyone in the class. When
they have finished, ask a few Ss to share their ideas with the class.
they have finished, ask Ss to report their findings to the class.

S
6 Ss match the objects with the sentences alone, then compare

answers in pairs. Encourage Ss to give reasons for their matches.
am
Check answers with the class. Answers: 1 than 2 such 3 there 4 how
5 so (that is also possible)
Answers: 1 a certificate 2 a pot plant 3 blinds
6 as/so (very and that are also possible)
4 bookshelves 5 an antique carpet 6 a china plate
7 a block of flats 8 a cupboard 13 Ss match the sentence halves alone, then check in pairs.
pl

7a Ss match the verbs with the words and phrases alone, then
check in pairs. Check answers with the class. Answers: 1 c 2 f 3 a 4 b 5 d 6 e
e
Answers: 1 e 2 c 3 a 4 b 5 f 6 d
Reflect
M

Encourage them to ask any questions they still have about any of
Before they do the matching activity, ask Ss to cover the left-hand the areas covered in Units 5 and 6.
at
column and try to remember the verbs.

Homework ideas
b Ss share their ideas in pairs. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice
er
ideas and find out if others agree.

8 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check Roadmap video
answers with the class. Go online for the Roadmap video and worksheet.
ia
Answers:
1 Our turnover has increased quite dramatically in the
l©
last year.
2 Apparently, one of their competitors wants to buy them.
3 Their products are amazing, but they’re incredibly expensive. 6A
4 Benetton was started in Italy in the 1960s.
Develop your reading
5 I heard that the board have secretly agreed to sell.
P
6 We’ve expanded very rapidly over the last few years.

Introduction
ea
9a Ss complete the definitions alone, using the first letters to Ss develop the reading skill of understanding a story by learning
help. Ask Ss to check answers in pairs, then check answers with how to infer what will come next.
the class.
Warm up
rs
Answers: 1 infrastructure 2 boycott

3 commission (contract is also possible) 4 corruption Write the following questions on the board:
5 transformation 6 profile 7 prestigious What types of books do you most like reading? Why?
on
What types of books don’t you like reading? Why?

b Give Ss a few minutes to choose their words and think of their What was the last book you read? Did you enjoy it?
examples, then put Ss into pairs to share their ideas. When they Ss discuss the questions in small groups.
have finished, ask a few Ss to share their ideas with the class.
1 Write on the board: Finding success at work. Elicit Ss’ ideas about
20

the best way to succeed at work and write them on the board. Ss
then discuss which statements they agree with in pairs. When they
have finished, elicit Ss’ answers and have a brief class discussion.
Answers: 1 is reported to/has been reported to
2 Focus attention on the book cover and elicit what it might be
23
2 is (widely) believed to 3 be invested/have been invested

4 being given 5 seen 6 are rumoured to have been stolen about. Ask Ss to read the novel extract and decide which statement
7 be seen to be believed Justin would agree with. Ss compare answers in pairs, then check
answers with the class. Ask Ss to give reasons for their choice.
11 Ss decide which descriptions are positive, negative or neutral
alone, then discuss in pairs. Check answers with the class. Suggested answer:
Justin would probably agree with statement 3. Reasons may
Answers: 1 negative 2 positive 3 neutral 4 positive vary but Ss could point out that Justin is very focused on his own
5 negative 6 positive 7 neutral (although collaboration is beliefs and not at all interested in building relationships at work
sometimes seen as intrinsically positive) 8 negative or aware of what other people think of him.
97
7a Ss discuss what they think will happen in pairs. Monitor and
Unit 6
Teaching tip
help with ideas if necessary. When they are ready, elicit Ss’ ideas
Usually we ask Ss to read a text quickly the first time they see and find out if others agree. Don’t give any answers yet.
it, for a general idea, or the gist. However, in real life we usually
b Ss turn to p169 and check their ideas. In feedback, ask if they
read novels for pleasure, so with this type of text you can give
predicted correctly, and what helped them.
Ss a bit longer to read and enjoy it.
c Ss discuss what the extracts infer in pairs. When they have
finished, elicit their ideas and find out if others agree.
3a Ss read the extract again and decide if the sentences are true
or false, underlining evidence in the text.
Suggested answers:
b Ss check in pairs, explaining their reasons. Elicit answers,
S
1 She was angry and/or was about to give him bad news.
including reasons and relevant parts of the text. Then ask pairs
2 She didn’t respect him.
to discuss whether they think each statement is good or bad
am
3 She thinks he is clueless and incompetent.

practice. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ answers and have a
4 She is furious and/or shocked.
class discussion.
5 The colleagues were relieved or not interested.
Answers:
pl
1 T ‘First in, last out,’ I replied with a big smile. ‘That’s my motto!’
a few answers and have a brief class discussion.
2 T … once I had a permanent position, I planned to take it a bit
easier and maybe even take some time for lunch to chat to Homework ideas
e
the people in my department

3 F They seemed nice enough, although I’d only spoken to one Workbook: Ex 1–4, pp.48–49
or two since arriving.
M
4 T I spent the next hour and half printing out all the emails
I’d received
5 F … added them to the growing pile of urgent emails on my desk
at
6 T I felt sure that they could see the benefits of my approach

and would all start to copy it in due course 6B Develop your listening
7 T I figured that maybe they’d decided to give me a permanent
er
position already. Who knows, maybe a promotion even!

Introduction
4 Ask Ss to read the exchange, then discuss the question as a
ia
Ss develop the listening skill of understanding the main points of

class. Ss read the Focus box and check their ideas.
a complex presentation by learning how to recognise nouns used
as verbs.
Answer: It tells us that the colleague doesn’t like or care about
l©
Justin and that the meeting with the boss will not go well.
Warm up
5 Give Ss plenty of time to find other phrases in the text that infer Before class, cut up some scrap paper into small squares, five for
Justin is not good at his job, then ask them to compare what they each student. Give each student five squares and ask them to
underlined in pairs. Elicit Ss’ answers. write a word or phrase they learnt in Lesson 6B on each one (they
P
can look back at the lesson at this stage if they want to). They
Suggested answers: shouldn’t write their names on the squares or fold them. When
ea
‘All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy,’ retorted the guard they have finished, collect them all in and then arrange Ss in small
that hadn’t helped me to integrate with my new colleagues groups. Shuffle the squares then distribute them roughly equally
They seemed nice enough, although I’d only spoken to one or to each group and place them face down in the middle of the
two since arriving group. In their groups, Ss take turns to take a square and describe
rs
I spent the next hour and half printing out all the emails I’d the word or phrase for the others to guess. The first person to
received the previous day guess it correctly wins the square. If nobody guesses it, the square
‘You’re the one who sends all those emails, aren’t you?’ is put to one side and nobody keeps it. The student with the most
on
‘That’s right. And prints and files the ones I receive,’ I said squares at the end of the game wins.
‘ … I’d get up there ASAP if I were you.’
I copied her in to all my emails 1a Focus attention on the photos and elicit what Ss can see. Ss
discuss which space they’d prefer to work in and why. When they
6a Ss read the short texts and think what they think will happen have finished, elicit a few Ss’ preferences and reasons, then have a
20
alone. brief class discussion about the benefits of each one.

b Put Ss in pairs to compare their ideas. When they are ready, b Ss discuss the questions in pairs. Monitor and help if necessary,
elicit Ss’ ideas and find out if others agree. writing any new vocabulary on the board. When they have
23
finished, ask each pair to share their ideas with the class, then
Suggested answers: have a class vote for the best idea.
1 She wants to say something to him, possibly that she hates 2 6.8 Go through the notes with the class and elicit what kind
it when he changes channels without asking her, but maybe of information is needed to fill each gap. Play the recording for
that she’s leaving him. Ss to listen and complete the notes, then check in pairs. Play the
2 He wants to talk to a woman he’s attracted to but he’s shy. recording again if necessary, then check answers with the class
He may not be successful in his attempts. and write them on the board.
3 Perhaps Sheila had won at the bingo and decided to quit
her job.
4 Caspian has eaten the family goldfish.
98
Unit 6
Answers: 1 new headquarters (HQ) 2 two weeks Audioscript 6.9
3 500 million dollars 4 5,000 Lori: Thank you Katy. With that in mind, let’s take a look at three
5 population, 200,000; transport infrastructure, links of the main contenders for Zanzing’s new HQ. First up,
6 tax breaks; lively and exciting Stanfield in the west.
Reporter 1: Stanfield, with a population that has recently ballooned to
600,000 residents, is seen as a strong contender for the
Audioscript 6.8
new Zanzing HQ.
Lori: Two years ago the owner of internet retail giant Zanzing, Marisa With three universities and a well-educated labour force,
Soler, tasked the company’s management with finding a new it has based its bid on offering the talent that Zanzing is
home for its headquarters. Since then, several cities have been looking for. The so-called ‘Silicon Lakes’ area in Stanfield is
S
battling with each other to host the new HQ. As yet there is one of the most important technology hubs in the region
no clear favourite and with just two weeks to go till Zanzing and it already houses several multinational digital companies,
am
announces its decision, we take a look at the three cities that are although obviously nothing as big as Zanzing.
most likely to be the home of the new HQ. The city also has a large selection of available housing, an
First with a summary of the project so far, here’s Katy Jacobs. important consideration for workers when deciding
Katy: It’s rumoured that Zanzing will invest over 500 million dollars to whether to relocate to a new city that has grown so much
build their new headquarters, and will create up to five thousand recently. This quick growth, however, is perhaps where
new jobs in the process. No wonder then, that cities have been Stanfield’s bid faces a problem. The transport infrastructure
pl
desperate to hand Zanzing an attractive deal. What is it, though, is still not quite good enough, not yet at least, and
that the company is looking for in their new location? Well, although the city is promising to invest further, Zanzing
Zanzing has provided a list of things which the city must have. may be put off.
e
The list includes a well-educated and diverse population of over Lori: Second on our list is Riverborough in the south.
200,000 and a well-developed transport infrastructure with good Reporter 2: Often referred to as the Venice of the South, Riverborough is
international links. full of confidence when it comes to attracting new business
M
On top of that it can be assumed that grants and tax breaks will be to its city and with the Zanzing bid, they genuinely believe
required and also that the city itself is seen as a lively and exciting that they are most likely to bag the new HQ.
place where the people that staff the company will be happy. Key to their bid is the range of generous grants and tax
at
Happy workers, they hope, will mean a happy, and profitable, breaks that are on offer. The corporation tax here is the
company! lowest in the south and as a result the number of
Lori: Thank you Katy. With that in mind, let’s take a look at three of the companies locating here has grown enormously.
main contenders for Zanzing’s new HQ. First up, Stanfield in the Beyond the issue of tax however, Riverborough has a
er
west. … strong bid in terms of transport infrastructure with easy

connections to the international airport and a newly opened
tram route that joins the east and west of the city.
3 Write bus on the board and ask: Is this a noun or a verb? (noun). Although called the Venice of the South, however, it is
ia
Then write on the board: It was raining so we bussed it home. Elicit undeniable that Riverborough has faced a number of
that bus is used as a verb here. Ss read the Focus box and ask any challenges over the last two decades. The population
questions they have, then complete the extracts with the verbs in which was over 500,000 has fallen to 450,000 and the
l©
the Focus box. Clarify that they may need to change the form. Ask lack of investment in the city means that it may not be as
lively and exciting as Zanzing want.
Ss to check answers in pairs, then check answers with the class.
Lori: And finally on to New Haling on the East Coast.
Reporter 3: New Haling is definitely the largest and probably the best
Answers: known of the three cities. With a population of over 1.2
1 tasked 2 battling, host 3 ’s rumoured 4 hand 5 staff million the city is already home to numerous technology
P
companies and city leaders are highlighting the thriving

4a 6.9 Tell Ss that they’re going to listen to the rest of the inner city, which makes it an attractive location for Zanzing.
ea
news report. Go through the notes so they know what to listen for, It also has the well-educated labour force that Zanzing is
looking for.
then play the recording for Ss to listen and complete the notes.
Perhaps the biggest issue which New Haling faces is this:
Tell them they can copy the names of the cities from the local residents are split on whether they want the new
instructions before they start.
rs
Zanzing HQ. Some believe that the more companies which

b Ss compare answers in pairs, then listen again and check. locate here, the better for the economy of the city. Others
Check answers with the class and write them on the board. argue that an extra 5,000 people, many of them with
families, would hammer the already strained infrastructure
on
of the city. New schools would be needed, new doctors,

Answers:
new services and the cost of buying and renting in the city
Name: Stanfield would be pushed higher still.
Population: 600,000 Having said all this, New Haling remains, in the minds of
Main attraction: talent most Zanzing employees, the most desirable location for
20
Other attractions: Silicon Lakes area, a large selection of the new HQ and their view obviously counts.
available housing
Main negative point: transport infrastructure not good enough 5a Elicit the first answer as an example, then put Ss in pairs to
Name: Riverborough discuss the meanings when the nouns are used as verbs. Check
23
Population: 450,000 answers with the class.

Main attraction: generous grants and tax breaks
Other attractions: transport infrastructure, international airport Answers:
Main negative point: not lively and exciting enough face: to deal with a difficult situation that is going to affect you
Name: New Haling hammer: to affect negatively, to have a big impact on
Population: 1,200,000 balloon: to grow at a fast rate
Main attraction: thriving inner city house: to be or become the home to people or things
Other attractions: well-educated labour force, where Zanzing bag: to win or take control of (literally to put it in your bag
employees want to locate because it is now yours)
Main negative point: local residents not sure they want the HQ highlight: to draw attention to
99
b Ss complete the extracts alone, then check in pairs. Check 4 Give Ss a few minutes to read the Focus box and answer any
Unit 6
answers with the class. questions they have. Ss then look at the words in bold in the
review and say if they follow the rule or not. Check answers with
Answers: 1 ballooned 2 houses 3 bag 4 faced the class.
5 highlighting 6 hammer
Answers:
6 Put Ss in small groups to discuss the questions. When they have Follow the rule: believe, received, fierce, die, ceiling, deceiving
finished, nominate a student from each group to share their ideas Exceptions to the rule: seized, their, neither
with the class.
S
Homework ideas Pronunciation checkpoint

Note that neither can be pronounced /ˈnaɪθə/ or /ˈniːθə/.
am
5 Ss try to choose the correct spellings alone, then check in

pairs. They can use dictionaries or their mobile devices to help if
they’re not sure. Check answers with the class and write them on
the board.
pl
6C Develop your writing Answers: 1 weirdly 2 ancient 3 leisure 4 receipt

e
5 Science 6 veins 7 conceived 8 weigh
Introduction 6 Ss decide if the words are spelt correctly and correct those
M
that are not alone, then check in pairs. Again, allow them to use
Ss develop the skill of writing a review by learning how to check
dictionaries or their mobile devices to help if they’re not sure.
and correct spelling.
at
Answers: 1 definitely 2 correct 3 correct 4 acceptable

Warm up 5 correct 6 particularly 7 correct
Put Ss in pairs and give them a minute to brainstorm as many
er
types of music as they can think of. When they have finished, Prepare
elicit their ideas and write them on the board (or invite Ss to do 7a Give Ss a few minutes to choose a concert or invent one, then
so). Ask Ss which types of music they like and don’t like. decide how positive or negative their review will be.
ia
1a Focus attention on the photos and ask Ss to discuss their b Refer Ss back to descriptions a–d in Ex 3a and tell them to write
preferences about the concerts in pairs, explaining why. When these in the correct order and use them as headings for their
notes. Monitor and help if necessary, writing any new vocabulary
l©
they have finished, elicit answers from a few Ss and find out if
others agree. on the board.
b Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, c Finally, ask Ss to think of a title for their review. Monitor and
ask a few Ss to share their answers with the class. help with ideas if necessary.
2a Ask Ss what kinds of things they usually read reviews for, Optional extra activity
P
e.g. concerts, restaurants, films, hotels. Ss read the review and

answer the questions alone, then check in pairs. Check answers You could ask Ss to go online and look up reviews of concerts to
give them ideas for titles.
ea
with the class. Elicit reasons for their answer to question 3 from a
few Ss and find out if others agree.
Write
Answers: 1 She loved it. 2 three hours 8a Ss write the first drafts of their reviews. Monitor and offer
rs
corrections if necessary, answering any questions Ss have. When

b Ss read the review again more carefully and decide if the they have finished, put Ss in pairs and ask them to swap reviews.
statements are true or false alone, then check in pairs. Check b Ss use the questions as a checklist to prepare feedback on their
on
answers with the class. partner’s review and write their comments on it.
c Ss give their feedback to their partners and use the feedback
Answers: 1 T 2 T 3 F 4 T 5 F
on their review to write a second draft. If you’re short of time,
this could be done for homework. After they finish, you could
3a Ss match the sentences with the descriptions alone, then
encourage Ss to post their reviews online.
20

Homework ideas
Answers: 1 d 2 a 3 b 4 c
Ex 8c: Write a second draft of your review.
23
b Explain that the letters in the review indicate where the four Workbook: Ex 1–10, pp.50–51
sentences from Ex 3a should go. Ss decide where they go alone,
Answers: a 3 b 4 c 2 d 1
100
Unit 7
7A Ups and downs
The goal of this lesson is for students to tell stories about recent
experiences and comment on them. To help them achieve this,
they will learn or revise how to add comments using must and
7A Ups and downs
can’t and vocabulary related to life’s ups and downs.
S
Goal | tell stories about recent experiences and comment

on them
am
Grammar | adding comments using must and can’t Warm up

Vocabulary | life’s ups and downs
Write on the board: The highlight of last week for me was …
The lowlight was … Demonstrate by telling the class your own
Can relate their own contribution skilfully to those of
highlight and lowlight from last week. Give Ss a few minutes to
other speakers
think of theirs, then put them in small groups to share their ideas.
pl
7B Is it news?
Goal | talk about the impact of news stories and events
Grammar | second, third and mixed conditionals
Vocabulary
e
Vocabulary | talking about the news Life’s ups and downs

GSE learning objective 1 Focus attention on the pictures, then put Ss in pairs to discuss
Can talk about hypothetical events and actions, and their
M
the questions. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ answers and
possible consequences
have a brief class discussion.
7C A show of hands
at
Goal | take part in a debate (on issues around voting) Answers:

Language focus | phrases to show the relationship 1 A graduation
between ideas B meeting your partner’s parents for the first time
Vocabulary | voting and elections
er
C retirement
GSE learning objective D having a baby
Can justify a point of view using linguistically complex language
ia
7D English in action 2a Give Ss a few minutes to read through the sentences and
Goal | give a presentation with visuals check understanding of the words and phrases in bold, using
Vocabulary | explaining statistics dictionaries or their mobile devices if they need to. Monitor and
l©
GSE learning objective offer further explanations if necessary. Ss categorise the words
Can discuss the information presented in a complex diagram or and phrases alone.
visual information
Answers:
Roadmap video
1 doctorate – study
P
2 make a go of it – in this case, marriage;

trial separation – marriage
VOCABULARY BANK
ea
3 falling-out – family and home; inherited – death

7B Secrets and lies 4 coming to terms with it – in this case, death (of mother)
5 make a clean break – marriage, career or family and home;
7C Word building: affixes and word families native – family and home
rs
6 relocated – career (or family and home)

DEVELOP YOUR SKILLS 7 golden anniversary – marriage;
get-together (= party) – family and home
on
8 tie the knot – marriage

Goal | write notes, cards and messages for important events
Focus | expressing the personal significance of an event 9 flew the nest – family and home
10 arrived – in this case, birth;
Can write about feelings and the personal significance of premature (= early) – in this case, birth
experiences in detail
20
b Ss check their answers in pairs, discussing whether the

7B Develop your listening situations are positive, negative or both and why. Discuss the
Goal | understand a discussion or debate
Focus | understanding hypothetical situations in an argument
23
GSE learning objective Suggested answers:

Can express views clearly and evaluate hypothetical proposals in
1 positive – a big achievement (maybe negative that he now
informal discussions
needs to find a job)
7C Develop your reading 2 negative – splitting up therefore feeling lonely (but positive
Goal | understand an article that they tried to stay together)
Focus | understanding cause and effect in a complex text 3 negative – an argument about money (but the person who
GSE learning objective got the house might see it as positive)
Can understand cause and effect relationships in a structured 4 negative – he feels sad about the death
academic text
5 positive – make a clear decision and returning home (but
negative in that it could imply a failure in marriage or work)
101
B: It doesn’t surprise me. Weren’t they like together since school?
Unit 7
6 negative – an unplanned disruption (but positive that the

A: Yeah, imagine going from that quiet life to suddenly being attached
person still has a job and/or the new town may be nicer) to this huge star.
7 positive – they have stayed together so long and are B: I know. It must be tough being in the public eye all the time – but
having a party with no real purpose. I’d hate it myself.
8 positive – getting married/commitment (but may be A: Yeah.
stressful to plan) B: So, is that why she’s postponed her tour?
9 negative – maybe the parent feels alone (but positive that A: Who knows? Apparently she’s also had a big falling-out with her
family.
the children are grown up and doing well)
B: Really? Wasn’t her brother managing her?
10 positive – everything is going well (but maybe negative as A: Yeah, but there was some story that he might have been, shall we
S
the baby may have health problems) say, a bit inaccurate in his accounting.
B: Really? Mind you, I’m sure there are others trying to push their way in
am
3a Ss complete the questions alone, then check in pairs. Tell and get their hands on the money.
them that they may need to change the form of the words. B: Isn’t it awful how money causes all these problems? As you say, it
Stronger classes can cover Ex 2a and only look back if they need can’t be easy for anyone involved when life changes so radically.
There are so many pressures on everyone.
to. Check answers with the class.
A: Yeah, no, it doesn’t appeal to me – fame and fortune.
pl
Conversation 3
Answers:
A: Hey. Did I tell you? Sasha and Alex are getting married.
1 knot 2 fly 3 inherited 4 arrive 5 anniversary B: Seriously? When did you hear that?
e
A: Oh, I bumped into Alex on my way in this morning and he let it slip
b Ss discuss the questions in Ex 3a in pairs. Encourage them to while we were chatting. He said that they’d both been working all
ask follow-up questions to find out more information. hours over the last few months, trying to put aside enough for the
wedding.
M
Optional extra activity B: Cor. That can’t have been much fun.
A: I know, right. He did look pretty exhausted.
Fast finishers could prepare questions for the words and phrases B: Makes sense, though. I was wondering why I hadn’t seen them
at
in bold in Ex 2a which do not appear in the questions in Ex 3a. around very much.
Pairs then ask and answer the questions they wrote. A: No, I know.
B: So when’s the big day?
er
Further practice A: Next June sometime. They’re hiring out the castle down by the river.
B: Seriously? That place must cost a fortune.
A: Hence the crazy workload.
App: 7A Vocabulary practice 1 and 2 B: Heh! Yeah.
ia
Listening 5 Go through the list with the class so Ss know what to listen for.
Ss listen again and identify the relevant conversations alone, then
l©
4 Ss listen to the three conversations to identify the topics

7.1 check in pairs. Play the recording again if necessary, then check
and events, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class. answers with the class.
Answers: Answers: a 2 b 1 c 2 d 1 e 3 f 3 g 1 h 3 i 2
1 family members; a (50th) wedding anniversary get-together
P
2 a celebrity; a trial separation and falling out with family 6 Give Ss a few minutes to think about their answers, then put
3 a friend; a wedding them in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have finished,
ea
ask a few Ss to share their ideas with the class and find out if
Audioscript 7.1 others agree.
Conversation 1
rs
A: Good weekend? Grammar

B: Yeah, it was lovely, actually. My aunt and uncle on my mum’s side
have been married fifty years now, so we had a big family get- Adding comments using must and can’t
together to celebrate. 7a Elicit the first answer as an example, then ask Ss to read the
on
A: Wow. That must’ve been nice. extracts and try to remember what was being commented on
B: Yeah, it was. It was lovely. I drove up to their place on Saturday
in each case. Ask Ss to check in pairs, then check answers with
morning and loads of my cousins were there, and, you know, I hadn’t
seen half of them for ages.
the class.
A: Yeah, I remember you saying about how many you have.
20
B: Right. There are so many of them I can’t even remember all their names. Answers:
A: That must get awkward. 1 getting together with family
B: Well, I’ve developed survival strategies over the years, you know, 2 forgetting (his cousins’) names
‘Hello mate! Long time, no see’. That sort of thing. 3 being in the public eye all the time (with no purpose)
23
A: Cunning.
4 suddenly experiencing a big life change / someone suddenly
B: Yeah. Then in the evening, we all went out to their favourite Italian
becoming rich and famous
place for a big slap-up meal and I stayed over for the night at my folks’
place. 5 working long hours
A: Sounds great.
B: Yeah. What about you, anyway? Did you do anything good? b Ss read the grammar box and choose the correct alternatives
Conversation 2 alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class and
A: Did you see that thing in the paper about Bliss Simone? answer any questions Ss have about the information in the
B: No, what was that? grammar box.
A: Apparently, she’s splitting up with whatshisname. I mean – there
was all that nonsense of a trial separation, but you know what that Answers: 1 must 2 can’t 3 generally 4 don’t usually
means …
102
Speaking
Unit 7
Grammar checkpoint
Commenting with must and can’t is a useful way of showing Prepare
empathy with another speaker, which helps build rapport. 11a Give Ss plenty of time to prepare. To avoid Ss talking about
These comments also engage the other speaker, giving them anything too negative that’s happened to them, they have the
the opportunity to add more information and develop the option of talking about people they know and/or celebrities.
conversation. Monitor and help if necessary, writing any new vocabulary on
the board.
S

Teaching tip
check the notes with Ss, especially the way we respond to When handling potentially sensitive topics in class (e.g.
am
the comments as though they’re questions and don’t repeat bereavement, health, religion, politics), first establish class
the modal verb. In each exercise, elicit the first answer as guidelines on respect and empathy. It’s also a good idea to offer
an example. Ss work alone to complete the exercises, then non-personalised speaking options (as in Ex 11a with the
check their answers in pairs. In feedback, elicit Ss’ answers option of celebrities). As the teacher, it’s generally best to avoid
and drill the questions. Ss can refer to the notes to help giving your own opinions on sensitive topics and you should
pl
them. also look out for Ss who may have suffered trauma themselves
(they may be passive, withdrawn or unable to concentrate).
Answers:
e
1 1c 2d 3f 4e 5b 6a b Go through the Useful phrases in the box, then give Ss a few

2 1 must be; is 2 can’t have taken; shouldn’t have minutes to decide how they’re going to introduce their pieces
3 can’t have been; was; must’ve enjoyed; did of news.
M
4 must find; can get

Speak
8a Ss listen to the comments and pay attention to
at
7.2 12 Ask Ss to stand up and mingle to share their news. Ss should

how the /t/ is dropped. Point out, however, that we usually do respond to each other’s news and continue the conversations,
pronounce the /t/ in must’ve and can’t have (see Pronunciation commenting with must and can’t when appropriate. Monitor and
checkpoint below). make notes on Ss’ language use for later feedback. When they
er
have finished, ask a few Ss what the most interesting news they
Pronunciation checkpoint heard was and give Ss feedback on their language as a class.
When some consonant sounds are surrounded by other
ia
consonant sounds in normal speech, they’re usually dropped. Reflection on learning

This process is called elision. The most common consonant Write the following questions on the board:
l©
sounds this occurs with are /t/ and /d/: must find = How can the phrases you learnt today help you in
/mʌsfaɪnd/, must get = /mʌsget/, find me = /faɪnmiː/. conversations in English?
However, with must have and can’t have, the initial /h/ is In what situations will you try to use them?
often dropped, leaving a vowel sound, so we do pronounce Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have
the final /t/: /mʌstəv/, /kɑːntəv/. finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the
P

ea
9 Read the example with the class, then ask Ss to complete the Homework ideas
rest of the conversations alone before checking in pairs. Clarify
that they can’t use more than four words in each gap and that
contractions count as one word. Check answers with the class.
rs

Answers:
1 That must’ve been; was; had
on
2 That can’t be; isn’t (really/at all) Fast route: continue to Lesson 7B
3 That must be; it; be Extended route: go to p128 for Develop your writing
4 That can’t have been; don’t think it was
5 must’ve gone; did; That must be; It is
20
10 With weaker classes, demonstrate the activity with the first

sentence, building it up as a class. Ss practise their conversations
in pairs. Encourage them to use comments with must and
can’t. When they have finished, ask a few pairs to act out their
23
conversations to the class.
Further practice
7A Grammar 2, p208
103
Unit 7

7B Is it news? Secrets and lies
vocabulary section.
Introduction 1 Ss complete the short stories alone, then check in pairs.
The goal of this lesson is for students to talk about the impact of Check answers with the class.
news stories and events. To help them achieve this, they will learn
Answers: 1 plotting to remove 2 rumours circulating
or revise second, third and mixed conditionals and vocabulary for
3 denied the allegations 4 leaked to the press
talking about the news.
S
5 revelation has caused 6 made out that

7 keeping something from me 8 let slip that
am
Warm up 9 sworn to secrecy 10 breathed a word

Bring in a selection of news articles and/or ask Ss to find a video
2 Ss match the sentence beginnings with the pairs of endings
news story online. Write these questions on the board:
What has happened?
What do you think the effects will be? Answers: 1 f 2 a 3 d 4 c 5 b 6 e
pl
Ss choose a story and make notes answering the questions. When 3 Give Ss a minute to choose two things to talk about and
they have finished, put Ss in small groups to share their stories. decide what they’ll say, then put them in pairs to tell each
e
When they have finished, ask Ss to report back to the class. other. Stronger classes can talk about more of the things.
When they have finished, ask a few Ss to share something
Vocabulary interesting they heard from their partner with the class.
M
Talking about the news

Further practice
1 Put Ss in small groups to discuss the question. When they have
at
finished, elicit a few answers and have a brief class discussion. Photocopiable activities: 7B Vocabulary, p212
2a Focus attention on the photos and elicit what Ss can see. Ss App: 7B Vocabulary practice 1 and 2
read the definitions and check they understand the words and
er
phrases in bold. Answer any questions Ss have, then put them

in pairs to discuss which words and phrases they can use to talk
Reading
about the news stories in the photos. When they have finished, 5 Ss read the article quickly and choose the best summary alone,
ia
elicit Ss’ answers and find out if others agree. then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
Suggested answers: Answer: c

l©
A might trigger violence or riots, causes outrage/controversy

B causes controversy 6a Go through the code with the class, then ask Ss to read the
C creates excitement article again more carefully and annotate it according to their
D causes outrage, triggers an election, leads to resignations reactions.
b Put Ss in pairs to compare how they marked the article. In
P
b Give Ss a few minutes to think of relevant news stories, then feedback, ask each pair how far they agreed.
compare their ideas in pairs. Elicit Ss’ answers and find out if other
ea
Ss came up with the same stories.

Grammar
answers with the class. Second, third and mixed conditionals
rs
7a Write on the board: If she’d won, I’d be happy. Ask: Which part
Answers: 1 a contributing factor 2 expose a cover-up of this sentence refers to the past? (If she’d won) Which part refers
3 an offensive comment 4 withdraw from the treaty to the present? (I’d be happy) Which part describes the initial
5 impose tariffs 6 got through to the semi-finals
on
situation? (If she’d won) Which part describes the consequence?

7 massive coverage 8 a major breakthrough (I’d be happy). Refer Ss back to the underlined forms in the article,
then ask them to decide what each form refers to. Ask Ss to check
4 Ss discuss which they think was the most and least important answers in pairs, then check answers with the class.
piece of news in Ex 3 in pairs. Ask them to give their reasons.
20
When they have finished, ask a few Ss to share their answers with Answers:
the class and have a brief class discussion. 1 hadn’t come up with; wouldn’t have increased
2 would have
3 hadn’t come up with
23
4 would have; wouldn’t have increased
b Ss read the grammar box and choose the correct alternatives

alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class and
answer any questions Ss have about the information in the
grammar box.
Answers: 1 imagined 2 Past simple 3 Past perfect

4 past 5 present
104
Speaking
Unit 7
Stronger classes could read the notes at home. Otherwise, Prepare
check the notes with Ss. In each exercise, elicit the first 11a Ss make their lists in pairs. If necessary, they can go online to
answer as an example. Ss work alone to complete the research suitable news stories.
exercises, then check their answers in pairs. In feedback,
b Ss now work individually to think about the impact of each
story. Monitor and help with ideas if necessary.
notes to help them.
12 7.4 Ss listen and make notes on the story and its impact,
Answers: then compare in pairs. Elicit answers from the class.
S
1 1 have triggered; had made 2 be; hadn’t broken

3 not be doing; had imposed 4 hadn’t withdrawn; not be Answers:
am
5 didn’t care; not have sent There was a fire in a block of flats.
2 Incorrect options: 1 c 2 c 3 b 4 a The consequences have been: they’ve changed safety
regulations; the government are now talking about building
8 7.3 Ss listen and pay attention to the unstressed modal more social housing; it caused outrage; it focused attention on
verbs. Play the recording again for Ss to listen and repeat. the wider situation; it may have changed attitudes to people in
pl
9 Read the example with the class, then ask Ss to write social housing
conditional sentences alone before checking in pairs. Check
answers with the class and write them on the board (or invite Ss Audioscript 7.4
e
to do so). A: So, I think the fire in the block of flats is incredibly important.
B: Me too. I mean, they’ve already changed some safety regulations,
Answers: haven’t they?
M
1 If he hadn’t been arrested, the true story might not have A: Absolutely – and so they should. The whole thing could’ve been
been uncovered. avoided. It’s a scandal really that people died because people didn’t
follow regulations.
at
2 No one would’ve been surprised if we’d gone out in the

B: I know. It’s shocking.
first round. A: But apart from that, I think the effect it’s had on housing policy has
3 They might not have won the election if the national team been quite big. I just don’t think the government would be talking
er
hadn’t done so well. about building quality social housing for poorer people if the fire
4 It would have been a disaster if the president had reacted hadn’t happened.
differently. (It could/might have been a disaster … are also B: Well, it definitely caused a lot of outrage and focused people’s
attention.
possible)
ia
A: And I also think maybe it’s changed attitudes to those who live in
5 If there weren’t (any) tariffs now, things might be going
social housing.
even more badly. (… things might have gone even more badly B: You think?
l©
is also possible) A: Yeah – I think when you heard their stories at the inquiry, I think
6 We might not be experiencing problems like this if they people had real sympathy. They understood that these were hard-
hadn’t cut back so much. working people trying to make a new life as best they could.
B: Maybe. I’m not so sure about that. I’m not sure how many heard those
stories or how long that sympathy lasts. I hope I’m wrong though.
10a Ss write their sentences alone. Monitor and help if
A: No – I’m quite optimistic about it.
P
necessary, writing any new vocabulary on the board and checking

Ss are forming the conditionals correctly.
Speak
ea
b Ss share their sentences in pairs. Encourage them to ask

follow-up questions to find out more information. When they have 13a Go through the Useful phrases, then ask Ss to discuss
finished, ask a few Ss to tell the class anything interesting they their stories from Ex 11 in pairs. Monitor and make notes on Ss’
found out about their partner. language use for later feedback.
rs
b Discuss the questions as a class. Give Ss feedback on their

Optional extra activity language use as class.
Take several sheets of paper and write conditional sentence
on
starters at the top of each one, e.g.: Reflection on learning

If we hadn’t heard the news, … Write the following questions on the board:
I wouldn’t have come to class today if … What was the most useful vocabulary you learnt today?
If I had a million pounds, … How will you use this in the future?
20
Pin them up on the walls around the classroom and ask Ss each Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have
to write an ending for each one on the paper. When they have finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the
finished, put Ss in small groups and share out the completed class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not.
sheets of paper. Ss correct any mistakes then choose the best
23
sentences to share with the class.

Homework ideas
Further practice Language bank: 7B Ex 1–2, p149
Photocopiable activities: 7B Grammar 1, p210; Workbook: Ex 1–4, p53
7B Grammar 2, p211 App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice

105
D: Yeah, I can see where you’re coming from with that. I mean, I can
Unit 7
certainly remember feeling like that when I was 16. Mind you, you
7C A show of hands could say the same principle applies to 15-year-olds as well. Or
ten-year-olds. Or toddlers even. I mean, everything affects
everyone, surely.
Introduction A: Yeah, OK. So, you have to draw a line somewhere, obviously. Just why
not at 16 instead of 18? That’s all I’m saying.
The goal of this lesson is for students to take part in a debate on C: I think another argument in favour of lowering the age is just the
issues around voting. To help them achieve this, they will learn general lack of interest in elections.
or revise phrases to show the relationship between ideas and B: I’m not sure I get what you mean there. What’s the connection?
vocabulary for voting and elections. C: Well, every election, people complain about how low the turnout
S
is and how fewer and fewer people are voting – particularly young
people. Everyone on the TV goes on about how all the under-25s
am
Warm up care about is shopping and holidays and stuff. Then in spite of all
that, they say that letting younger people vote is a bad idea. I mean,
Write on the board: Voting in general elections should be
surely if you want people to care about politics, then it makes sense
compulsory. Divide the class in half and ask group A to prepare to let them get involved from an earlier age.
arguments for and group B to prepare arguments against. Give D: I hear you, although you could equally argue that all that would
them a time limit of three minutes for this. Monitor and help with happen is that you’d have even more people not particularly bothered
pl
ideas and vocabulary if necessary, writing any new words and by things and the low turnout would simply spread downwards.
phrases on the board. When they have finished, put Ss in A/B pairs C: Perhaps we should have a vote on it!
for a ‘speed debate’. Give them a strict time limit of two minutes to A: Well why not? Let the people decide. Having said that, though, who
e
would be able to vote? I mean, would 16-year-olds have a say or not?

debate the issue. Use a timer if possible.
M
3a Put Ss in pairs to try and remember what the speakers said.

Listening When they have finished, elicit their ideas but don’t give any
1 Focus attention on the photos and elicit what Ss can see. Ss answers yet.
at
discuss the questions in small groups. When they have finished, b Play the recording again for Ss to listen and check. Check
nominate a student from each group to summarise their answers with the classs.
discussion for the class and find out if others agree.
er
Answers:
Suggested answers: 1 leave school, get married, start a family, also join the army
1 at home: making family decisions such as what to watch on TV 2 the government can decide what happens in schools, change
ia
at school: deciding a class representative university fees, make decisions that impact on people and
at work: meetings about what to do, in union meetings – their families, decide if the country should go to war
voting for strikes, etc. 3 don’t own a home, probably don’t pay tax, not thinking about
l©
with friends: deciding how to pay, where to go a pension

on TV: on contestants in a reality show 4 They are affected by the results of an election, just like
in the area or country they live in: a local or general election 16-year-olds.
or referendum 5 it’s falling – so a lower voting age could help
P
2 7.8 Go through the questions with the class so Ss know 4 Ss discuss the question in pairs. When they have finished, elicit
what to listen for. Ss listen and answer the questions alone, then their answers and have a brief class discussion.
ea
check in pairs. Play the recording again if necessary, then check

Language focus
Answers: 1 voting age 2 voter turnout Phrases to show the relationship between ideas
rs
5a Ss complete the sentences from memory alone, then check in

Audioscript 7.8 pairs. Tell Ss not to worry if they can’t remember all of them at this
stage. Don’t give any answers yet.
A: I just think it’s outrageous! I mean, you can leave school at 16, you can
on
get married and start a family … b 7.9 Play the recording for Ss to listen and check their
C: You could even join the army if you really wanted to. answers. Check answers with the class.
D: Only if you have your parents’ permission, though.
A: Yeah, OK. That as well, then. And given all that, it just seems crazy Answers: 1 given all that 2 but then again 3 and yet
that you then have to wait two more years before you can vote. For a 4 even so 5 in spite of all that 6 Having said that
20
government that decides what happens in schools, that can change

university fees and make decisions that impact on you and your
family. Optional extra activity
C: And that can decide to send you to war! With weaker classes, assign each student two of the sentences
23
B: Yeah, maybe … but then again, if you’re 16, you won’t own your
to listen for. Ss can then check answers for all of the sentences
own house yet, you’re probably not paying tax, you almost certainly
haven’t even started thinking about a pension yet and yet economic with the class after listening.
issues often play a key role in elections.
A: Fair enough, but even so, it still seems pretty unfair to me. You
can’t vote even though you’re directly affected by the results of any
election.
106
6 Ss complete the language focus box with the phrases from Vocabulary
Unit 7
Ex 5a alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
Voting and elections
Answers: 1 given all that 2 but then again 3 and yet 10a Ss read the sentences and check they understand the words
4 even so 5 in spite of all that 6 having said that and phrases in bold. They can use dictionaries or their mobile
devices to help. When they have finished, check understanding
and ask if any of the words are the same or similar in Ss’ first
language(s).
check the notes with Ss. Elicit the first answer as an example.
S
Many words are the same or very similar in many different
answers in pairs. In feedback, elicit Ss’ answers. Ss can refer
am
languages as they often come from the same language

to the notes to help them.
historically. These are called cognates. Three areas where
Answers: ‘international’ words are common are:
1 1 Having said that 2 What’s more 3 considering that • newer words to describe technology (wifi, mobile,
4 Yeah I mean internet)
pl
• vocabulary linked to more formal topics like science or

7a 7.10 Play the recording for Ss to listen and pay attention to politics (election, nominate)
the linking. Model again yourself if necessary. • very common everyday words (no, mama, taxi)
e
b 7.11 Play the recording for Ss to listen and repeat.

8a Ss match the comments with the responses alone, then check b Ss say if they have heard of any similar cases. When they have
finished, elicit Ss’ answers and have a brief class discussion.
M
in pairs. Don’t give any answers yet.

b 7.12 Play the recording for Ss to check their answers, then
check with the class. VOCABULARY BANK 7C p162
at
Word building: affixes and word families

Answers: 1 c 2 a 3 b 4 f 5 h 6 d 7 e 8 g These optional exercises build on the lexical set in the
vocabulary section.
er
c Ss practise saying the comments and response in pairs. When 1 Ss match the affixes with the meanings alone, then check
they have finished, use open pairs (see Teaching tip below) to
practise around the class.
ia
Answers:
Teaching tip 1 e 2 h 3 i 4 j 5 d 6 f 7 a 8 c 9 b 10 g
A useful way to conduct feedback when Ss practise comments 2 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check
l©
and responses is open pairs. Nominate a student to say a answers with the class.
comment, then ask them to choose someone else in the class
to respond. That student responds, then chooses another Answers: 1 re-elected 2 disrepect 3 underestimated
comment to say and nominates another student to respond, 4 hopeful 5 powerless 6 misheard 7 pre-school
and so on. This technique gives the rest of the class a reason to 8 multi-storey 9 overdid 10 post-match
P
listen carefully as they don’t know when they will be called on. 3 Ss write sentences using other words for each of the
It also allows teachers to monitor pronunciation closely. affixes in Ex 1. Monitor and help with ideas and vocabulary,
ea
writing any new words and phrases on the board. Provide

Optional extra activity some of the example words below if necessary. When they
have finished, put Ss in pairs to compare their sentences.
Ask Ss to cover the responses, then take turns to say the
rs
comments and respond in their own way, using one of the Suggested answers:
phrases from the language focus box. Encourage Ss to keep the 1 dislike, disagree, disqualify, disobey, disconnect
conversations going as long as possible. 2 powerful, peaceful, truthful, graceful, doubtful
on
3 pointless, hopeless, endless, breathless

9a Give Ss plenty of time to read the quotes and think about how 4 misrepresent, misunderstand, misbehave, mistrust
they feel about each one, making notes if they want to. 5 multi-layered, multicultural, multicoloured, multimedia,
b Arrange Ss into small groups to discuss the quotes in Ex 9a. multitask
Encourage them to use the phrases from the language focus box 6 over-paid, over-worked, over-sensitive, overachieve,
20
in their responses to each other. overcook

7 postmodern, postgraduate, post-production,
Further practice post-industrial
8 pre-election, prejudge, predate, pre-teen, prefabricated
23

7C Language focus 2, p214 9 re-educate, re-enact, reheat, retake, resit, re-tweet
App: 7C Language focus practice 1 and 2 10 underachieve, underage, undercooked, underdeveloped,
underequipped
Further practice
107
Speaking b Ss compare notes in pairs, then check answers with the class.
Unit 7
Prepare Answers:
11 Direct Ss to the relevant page and give them plenty of time to The first presentation refers to the graph, the second
read the statements, thinking about how far they agree with each presentation refers to the photo.
one and why. They can make notes if they want to. Ask them to The graph shows how London flat prices have risen. (There was
choose the two they feel most strongly about. a steady rise until 2008, then a fall, then a recovery, then they
rocketed and now they have levelled off.)
Speak The photo is of a residential housing development in Sydney,
12a Go through the Useful phrases with the class, then put Ss in
S
Australia. (It shows how cities develop along major roads – and
groups to choose two statements and discuss them. Monitor and how central cars have become. It also shows how there are no
make notes on Ss’ language use for later feedback. facilities or footpaths.)
am
b Nominate a student from each group to summarise their

discussions for the class. Give Ss feedback on their language use Audioscript 7.13
as a class.
Presentation 1
So here we have the average price of a flat in London over a period of
pl
twenty years. As you can see, prices rose steadily up to 2008, when
Write the following questions on the board: there was a sharp fall. There was a widespread property crash at this
How confident do you feel having a debate in English? time that was connected to the global financial crisis.
e
What could you do to improve your debating skills? However, you can see how prices had recovered by 2012 and from
Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have then on, they rocketed, increasing by over £160,000 over the next five
years. That’s an increase of 62 percent! Property prices look as if they
M
have levelled off since 2017 and they are set to fall slightly over the
class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not. coming year, suggesting they may have reached their peak. However,
it is perhaps too early to tell. Just as a comparison, prices in London are
at
Homework ideas currently twice what they are in Paris and Vienna.
Presentation 2
Workbook: Ex 1–5, p54 So, here we see a housing development in Sydney, Australia. I think
er
it illustrates a number of points regarding the way many cities are

developing. The first and perhaps most obvious point is how the
development is right next to some major roads and it signifies how cities
have become built around car use. That’s not just because there are
ia
roads here, but it’s also in the design of the development.

As you can see, the houses are organised in rows – often in cul-de-sacs
like this, where the road goes nowhere. Developments like this tend to
l©
be entirely residential. There are no schools, no banks and few, if any,

shops. You will also notice that there aren’t even any footpaths. Not one.
In other words, the development has been built in a way that requires
people to use a car.
P
3 Ss read the Useful phrases 1 box, tick which ones they

7D English in action remember the speakers using, then compare in pairs. With
ea
weaker classes, tell Ss that all of the phrases are used apart from
two. Play the recording again for Ss to check, then check answers
Introduction with the class.
rs
The goal of this lesson is for Ss to give a presentation with visuals. Answers: All the phrases are used, except for This is a
To help them achieve this, they will learn or revise vocabulary for photo of … and That’s the equivalent of …
explaining statistics.
on
Warm up Vocabulary
Write the following questions on the board: Explaining statistics
Do you ever have to give presentations at work or school? On 4 Before they do the matching activity, ask a few Ss to describe
20
what topics? the graphs for the class. This will allow you to diagnostically
What do you find easiest and most difficult about giving assess how much they know, as well as familiarise Ss with the
presentations? trends shown on the graphs. Ss match the descriptions with the
graphs alone, then check in pairs. Tell weaker classes that each
23
graph matches with two descriptions. Check answers with the

class.
Listening 1 Answers: 1 C 2 A 3 F 4 E 5 D 6 A 7 F 8 B 9 D
10 C 11 B 12 E
1 Focus attention on the photo and elicit what Ss can see. Ss
discuss the questions in small groups. When they have finished,
5a Read the example with the class, then ask Ss to write their
elicit a few Ss’ ideas and have a brief class discussion.
own examples. Monitor and check they’re using the phrases from
2a 7.13Ss listen to the two presentations and decide which
Ex 4 correctly.
goes with the graph and which with the photo. They take brief
b Ss compare sentences in pairs and explain their ideas. When
notes on what the speakers say about each one.
they have finished, ask a few Ss to share their ideas with the class.
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Listening 2 8 Give Ss a minute to choose two things from the list and think of
Unit 7
ideas (and make notes if they want to), then put them in pairs to
6a 7.14 Ss listen to the next sections of the two presentations discuss the causes and effects. Stronger classes can talk about
and take notes, then compare in pairs. Play the recording again if more than two things from the list. When they have finished, ask a
necessary, then check answers by asking different Ss to explain few Ss to share their ideas with the class.
what they remember from each presentation. 9a 7.15 Read the first part of the information box with the
Audioscript 7.14 class, then play the recording for them to mark the script. Ask Ss to
compare ideas in pairs.
Presentation 1
… as a comparison, prices in London are currently twice what they are in
S
Answers:
Paris and Vienna.
The increases in property prices // are causing huge concern
The rising accommodation prices have been down to a number of
am
// and have given rise to protests. // Many people simply can’t

factors – firstly, population growth has created a shortage of homes;
afford to get on the property ladder // or live independently //
secondly, there’s been additional competition from overseas buyers
wanting property as an investment; and finally, government policy has, in – because the average salary has failed to keep pace with
different ways, accounted for some of this trend. housing costs. // Salaries have risen by an average of just
The increases in property prices are causing huge concern and have £10,000 over the same period of time. // That means a flat //
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given rise to protests. Many people simply can’t afford to get on the which cost around four times the average salary in 1998, //
property ladder or live independently – because the average salary has now costs around fourteen times the typical income. // Yes, you
failed to keep pace with housing costs. Salaries have risen by an average heard that right //// fourTEEN.
e
of just £10,000 over the same period of time. That means a flat, which
cost around four times the average salary in 1998, now costs around
b Ss prepare the next section of the presentation in pairs. Monitor
14 times the typical income. Yes, you heard that right fourteen.
and help if necessary. When they are ready, tell pairs to practise
M
It is clearly an unsustainable situation, but what should be done? Let’s

reading the presentation to each other, then tell each other what
look at some possibilities.
they did well.
Presentation 2
at
… the development has been built in a way that requires people to use
a car. Speaking
As a consequence, it’s unsurprising that nearly 50 percent of households
10a Ss select one of the visuals on page 171 and make notes on
er
in the suburbs of Sydney own two or more cars. That means half of these
houses you see here will have multiple cars – but then, how else is the
the points given. Monitor and help if necessary, writing any new
family to get around? That, in turn, leads to increased congestion, which vocabulary on the board.
has been getting consistently worse in the city over the last ten years.
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This congestion not only means that people living in these developments Optional alternative activity
are spending ever more amounts of time in their cars, but it also means Instead of using the visuals supplied, Ss could select their own
that those within Sydney who walk or take public transport must suffer
l©
from the news or use something that reflects their own work,
more noise, pollution and slower services.
study or interests.
The question is what to do? Should we control the development or
manage their consequences? How can we encourage more sustainable
development with a focus on walking, cycling and green forms of public b Ss practise presenting their visuals in pairs. Monitor and make
transport? Let’s turn to that now. notes on Ss’ language use for later feedback. Encourage Ss to
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ask questions at the end of each presentation. When they have

b Ss discuss the causes and effects of the situations in each place finished, give Ss feedback on their language use as a class.
ea
in pairs. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ ideas as a class.

Answers: Write the following questions on the board:
Presentation 1 Do you feel more confident giving presentations in English now?
rs
Causes: a rising population, a housing shortage, lots of overseas What helped the most?
buyers buying property as an investment, government policy Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have
Effects: huge concern, protests, people unable to get on the finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the
on
property ladder class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not.
Presentation 2
Causes: everything designed around roads and car use
Homework ideas
Effects: 50 percent of households in the suburbs own two or
more cars, congestion, longer car journeys for commuters, more Workbook: Ex 1–5, p55
20
noise and pollution and slower public transport App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice
7a Focus attention on the Useful phrases 2 box, then ask Ss to Roadmap video
23
try and complete the extracts alone before checking in pairs. Don’t Go online for the Roadmap video and worksheet.
give any answers yet.
b Play the recording again for Ss to check their answers. Check
Answers: 1 down to a number of 2 accounted for some of

3 causing huge concern; given rise to protests
4 what should be done 5 As a consequence
6 That, in turn, leads to 7 also means that those
8 The question is 9 Let’s turn to that
109
Unit 7
7A Develop your writing 7B Develop your listening
Introduction Introduction
Ss develop the skill of writing notes, cards and messages for Ss develop the listening skill of understanding a discussion or
important events by learning how to express the personal debate by learning how to understand hypothetical situations in
significance of an event. an argument.
S
Warm up Warm up
am
Divide the board into two sections. At the top of one, write: Play the game Twenty Questions. Demonstrate by thinking of a
Writing by hand. At the top of the other, write: Typing. Put Ss in recent news story that Ss are likely to have heard. Ss can ask up
small groups to make lists of what things they write in each way. to twenty yes/no questions (e.g. Is it in this country? Is it about
When they have finished, ask one group to come up and write politics? Does it involve a celebrity?) and then try to guess the
their lists on the board, then find out if the other groups agree. story. Ss then think of their own news stories and play the game in
pl
pairs or small groups.

1 Ss discuss the questions in pairs, referring to the list on the
board from the warm up if necessary. When they have finished, 1 Focus attention on the cartoon and elicit what Ss can see. Ss
e
elicit Ss’ answers and have a brief class discussion. discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit Ss’
2 Read the list of options with the class, then ask Ss to decide answers and have a brief class discussion.
what they’d usually do in each situation and then compare ideas in 2a 7.5 Read the questions with the class so they know what
M
pairs. When they have finished, elicit a few Ss’ ideas and find out if to listen for. Ss listen to the recording and answer the questions
others agree. for each of the five discussions.
at
b Ask Ss to check answers in pairs, then check answers with the

Optional extra activity class.
Put Ss in pairs to think of other situations in which they might do
er
the things. When they are ready, put pairs together in groups to Answers:
read out their situations and guess the actions. 1 1 the water shortage in London and the south-east of
England
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3 Ss read the messages and match them with the situations in 2 whether the woman should have shorter showers
Ex 2 alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class. 2 1 the increase in the price of train tickets
2 how to respond/whether to refuse to pay
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Answers: A 2 B 6 C 7 D 9 E 1 F 4 G 3 H 5 I 8 3 1 a quarter-final football match that City win

2 whether City will get through to the finals
4a Give Ss a few minutes to read the Focus box and answer any 4 1 a report which says that there has been a cover-up in
questions they have, then ask them to underline the language in government
the cards, notes and messages. 2 whether the prime minister will resign
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b Elicit the first answer as a class, then ask Ss to rewrite the messages 5 1 a plane that had to make an emergency landing
alone before checking in pairs. Check answers with the class. 2 whether there is anything wrong with that type of plane
ea
Suggested answers: Audioscript 7.5

1 Congratulations on passing your exams.
Discussion 1
2 Really sorry/So sorry to hear that you have lost your job. A: Have you seen this article about the water shortages in London?
rs
3 With deepest sympathy on your loss. B: I saw something about it on TV but I wasn’t really paying attention. Is
4 So glad to hear that you have found a new house. it serious?
5 Wishing you strength in the coming days. A: It’s causing quite a bit of controversy. London and the whole of the
on
South-East is facing a drought. Apparently we’ve had half the usual

rainfall so far this year.
Prepare B: I can believe it. The garden is really dry.
5 Elicit ideas to complete one of the situations. Ss then choose A: Well, we’re all going to have to learn to start using less water.
and complete two of the situations with their own ideas. Monitor B: Less? How much less?
and help if necessary, writing any new vocabulary on the board. A: The average at the moment is 150 litres per person per day …
20
B: Per day?
Write A: Yeah. But it’s too much! We need to cut that by a third. That means
shorter showers for you! You spend hours in that bathroom.
6a Put Ss in pairs to exchange their completed situations, then
B: Oh come on! That would make absolutely no difference whatsoever.
23
ask Ss to write a message to each other for each situation. Monitor

I’m just one person in a country of millions.
and correct Ss’ language if necessary. A: Everyone can make a difference.
b Ss repeat the activity with two other Ss. B: You’re being idealistic. We’re powerless.
c Ss read their messages and choose their favourite. Ask them A: Really? If that were true then nothing would ever change. We’d all be
stuck in the Stone Age still.
to find the people who wrote messages to them and offer
B: Oh come on …
suggestions to improve them. When they have finished, ask Ss to A: What? It’s true …
share their favourite message with the class.
Homework ideas
110
Discussion 2 3 Tell Ss to read the questions so they know what to listen for.
Unit 7
TV: … a report published today shows the average train ticket will Ss listen again and answer the questions, then check in pairs.
increase in price by 12 percent and this has caused outrage amongst
commuters. Back to you in the studio, Stacy.
A: That’s outrageous. Fares going up by that much! It’s going to cause
a riot. Answers:
B: Nah … 12 percent is a lot but, you know, what can you do? It’s not as 1 half the usual amount
though you can walk to work. 2 100 litres/a third less than currently
A: They raised prices last year and the year before. I think I’ll just refuse 3 12 percent
to pay. 4 They will raise prices again.
B: What if everyone did that? Then there’d be no money to run the trains.
S
5 the semi-finals
A: Is that my problem?
6 last year’s winners
B: It would be if there were no trains!
7 covered up something
am
A: The point is we need to take some kind of action otherwise they’ll

raise the prices again next year. 8 the deputy, Jasper Price
Discussion 3 9 none
Radio: And that’s the final whistle. Jubilant scenes here as City hold 10 The plane was flying through a storm.
their nerve and seal a place in the semi-finals.
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A: Unbelievable! They’re through! 4a Ss match the sentences to the five discussions alone, then
B: I never thought I’d see the day. What a match! They totally check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
deserved it.
I couldn’t believe it when they got through to the quarter-
e
A:
Answers: a 4 b 1 c 3 d 5 e 2
finals but now they’re through and … imagine if they get
through to the final!
B: They won’t. They’ve got to play last year’s winners … b Give Ss a few minutes to read the Focus box and answer any
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A: Anything’s possible. questions they have, then ask Ss to match the sentences in Ex 4a
B: Nah, come off it. There’s no way they’ll get through. with the uses in the box. Check answers with the class.
A: Yeah, but what if they did? Just imagine!
at
B: Well … it would be … epic! Answers: 1 e 2 a, c 3 b, d

A: We’d have to get tickets somehow.
B: Definitely.
5a 7.6 Ss listen to three more discussions and decide what
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A and B: Come on you reds!

might come next, then compare their ideas in pairs. Don’t give any
Discussion 4
answers yet.
A: It doesn’t look good for her, does it?
B: Who? What are you talking about?
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Audioscript 7.6
A: The prime minister. It looks like she might have to resign, according to
this website. Discussion 1
B: Oh! Why? A: According to the news there’s a hurricane coming.
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A: Because of this report that’s been published. It says that, and I quote, B: Really?
‘there’s been a cover-up at the heart of government’. A: Yeah. They’re advising people to move out of town.
B: Wow. So is it accusing her of organising the cover-up? B: I don’t think the hurricane will strike here.
A: Basically, yeah. D’you think she’ll resign? Discussion 2
B: I don’t think so. I think she’ll try to fight on. A: Did you know they’re planning to build a new motorway through the
A: What? Despite everything? local forests?
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B: Yeah, I think so. B: Oh, yeah, I read something about that. Terrible.
A: But what about that report? It says she’s been lying. A: There’s a local meeting about it this evening. Are you coming?
ea
B: But she’s still popular with a lot of people. She’s got a lot of support. B: Nah, I don’t think so. I don’t get involved in local politics.
A: I think she’ll have to resign.
Discussion 3
B: Hmm, I doubt it.
A: Look, it says here that scientists are working on a cure for aging.
A: But imagine if she does resign. Who do you think would replace her?
B: Aging? How can you cure aging? There’s no cure for that.
B: Well, I guess it would be her deputy, whatshisname? Price. Jasper Price.
rs
A: Apparently they think they’re quite close to a cure. They’ve had a

A: Yeah, I think you’re right.
major breakthrough.
Discussion 5 B: They’re wasting their time. You can’t cure aging.
Reporter: … the plane was forced to make an emergency landing in
on
fields just outside the city. There are no reports of casualties

and all passengers safely disembarked. Back to you, Sally. b 7.7 Ss listen to the responses and complete the
Presenter: Thank you, Jeremy. We’ll be heading to the weather in a conversation extracts alone, then check in pairs. Check answers
moment, but first a summary of the news headlines, … with the class and elicit whether Ss came up with the same ideas
A: That’s the second time that’s happened in a month. There in Ex 5a.
20
must be something wrong with that type of plane.

B: I doubt it. If that were the case they would have cancelled all
Answers:
flights.
A: Twice in a month, though. It’s a bit more than coincidence,
1 but what if it did; What would you do then
2 What if everyone thought like you
23
don’t you think?

A: There are hundreds of those planes and they’re flying all the 3 that were true then they wouldn’t bother trying
time. If there was a problem don’t you think more of them
would have crashed? 6 Ss discuss the news stories from Ex 1 in pairs. Monitor and
B: Maybe these are just the first. check Ss are using hypothetical statements and questions
B: Maybe, but this plane was flying through a storm. That was
correctly.
probably a contributing factor.
A: I’m not sure. I think there’s something wrong with the plane.
Homework ideas
B: Yeah, so you say, but they go through rigorous safety checks
every day … Workbook: Ex 1–3, p58
A: You’re just too trusting. I think it’s a cover-up …
B: You and your cover-up theories! Honestly.
111
5 Elicit the first answer as an example and write it on the board.
Unit 7
7C Develop your reading Ss combine the rest of the sentences alone, then check in pairs.
Check answers with the class and write them on the board (or
invite Ss to do so).
Introduction Answers:
Ss develop the reading skill of understanding an article by learning 1 Mike moved in with his partner, annoying some shareholders.
how to understand cause and effect in a complex text. 2 Mike turned himself into a company, giving control of his life
to his shareholders.
S
Warm up 3 Interest in Mike’s experiment waned, causing the share price

to drop.
4 Wanting to buy a dishwasher, Mike’s brother cashed out for
am
Do you invest in stocks and shares? If not, would you like to? a profit.
Why/Why not? 5 Mike’s shareholders voted no to a moustache, meaning he
What do you think are some good companies to invest in right now? wasn’t allowed to grow one.
Ss discuss the questions in small groups. 6 Mike’s blogged about his experiment, catching the attention
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of the national media.

1 Focus attention on the visuals and elicit what Ss can see (but
don’t give any explanations yet). Ss discuss the questions in pairs.
6 Ss discuss what they think happened in pairs. Monitor and help
When they have finished, elicit Ss’ answers and have a brief class
e
with ideas if necessary. When they are ready, elicit Ss’ ideas and
discussion.
find out if others agree. Ss then read the last part of the article on
2a Ss read the summary, then explain the images in pairs. Check
p174 and check.
M

Answers:
at
A shows the website Mike used to allow people to vote on the 8 Give Ss time to plan their ideas. When they are ready, ask each
decisions that he put before them. student to share their decision with the class and have a class
B shows the share price of shares in Mike going up and down. vote on each one via a show of hands.
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Homework ideas
b Remind Ss of the question at the end of the summary, then put
Ss in pairs to make a list of things which could go wrong. Elicit their Workbook: Ex 1–6, pp.56–57
ia
ideas and write them on the board. Ss read the article and check
their ideas. Go through the list on the board and tick off any which
were mentioned in the article.
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Answers: 1 b 2 b 3 a 4 a 5 a 6 b 7 b 8 a
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4 Give Ss time to read the Focus box and ask any questions they
have. Ss then find three more examples of participle clauses in the
ea
article, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
Answers:
This drove the price higher and several people, including Mike’s
rs
brother, cashed out, effectively giving control of Mike to a

total stranger.
when Mike’s story was picked up by the media, many more
on
people became interested and bought shares, driving the

price up even higher …
Mike began sleeping in short intervals throughout the day and
night, causing him to feel constantly tired and irritable.
20
23
112
Unit 8
8A Jobs for life?
The goal of this lesson is for students to roleplay a conversation
about what they do. To help them achieve this, they will learn or
revise complex questions and vocabulary to describe what their
8A Jobs for life?
job involves.
S
Goal | roleplay a conversation about what you do

Grammar | complex questions
am
Vocabulary | describing what your job involves Warm up

GSE learning objective Write the following job titles on the board:
Can exchange complex information on a wide range of matters
1 waste management and disposal technician
related to their work
2 automotive topographical solutions consultant
8B Sleep well 3 gastronomic content designer
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Goal | talk about sleep and insomnia 4 physical communications distribution executive
Grammar | auxiliary verbs 5 anti-pyro safety engineer
Vocabulary | sleep
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Put Ss in pairs to discuss what they think the jobs are. When they
GSE learning objective have finished, elicit their ideas and reveal what they actually are
Can answer questions in a survey using linguistically
(1 refuse collector, 2 taxi driver, 3 chef, 4 postal worker
complex language
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5 firefighter). As a class, discuss why fancy-sounding job titles

8C Food for thought are often used (they give status, make the job sound more
Goal | talk about food and cooking interesting, are sometimes used instead of a pay rise).
at
Language focus | complex comparatives

Vocabulary | food and cooking
Reading
er
Can compare and evaluate different ideas using a range of 1 Focus attention on the photos and elicit what Ss can see. Ss
linguistic devices
Check and reflect answers and have a brief class discussion.
ia
Review exercises and communicative activities to practise the 2a Focus attention on the title and subtitle of the article and
grammar and vocabulary from Units 7 and 8. elicit how Ss think they might be connected to question 4 in Ex 1.
Roadmap video b Ss read the article quickly to check their ideas, then explain
l©
Go online for the Roadmap video and worksheet. the subtitle and what Dan Klyn does in pairs. Check answers with
the class.
VOCABULARY BANK
Answers:
8A Jobs and companies Dan is an information architect. The title of the article is what
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people often ask him because they are not familiar with his
8C Expressions with like
job title as it is a modern job that didn’t exist until recently. The
ea
explanation sounds a bit boring (and often kills conversation)

DEVELOP YOUR SKILLS
which is why he avoids small talk at parties – people inevitably
8A Develop your listening ask him what he does.
Goal | follow extended unstructured speech
rs
Focus | identifying clarification language 3 Ss read the article again more carefully and decide whether
GSE learning objective the sentences are true or false alone, then check in pairs. Check
Can follow the main points in a linguistically complex interview, answers with the class, eliciting which part of the text gives
on
if provided with written supporting material each answer.

8B Develop your writing
Answers:
Goal | write a response to an article
1 T (dreads meeting new folk/avoids small talk)
Focus | challenging evidence used in an article
2 F (most people won’t have a clue / What exactly is it that
20

Can challenge the evidence used to support an argument in a
you do?)
written text 3 T (before eventually finding the courage to ask)
4 T (because of rapid advances)
23
5 T (requires rethinking the way we train our young people)

Goal | understand an online diary 6 F (that’s usually the point the conversation is killed stone
Focus | recognising topics that idioms refer to
dead)
Can understand correspondence containing idiomatic or
non-standard language
finished, elicit answers from a few groups and have a brief class
discussion.
113
Grammar 7 Elicit the first answer as an example, then ask Ss to rewrite the
Unit 8
rest of the questions alone, then check in pairs. Check answers

Complex questions with the class.
5a Ss find versions of the four questions in the article, then do
A and B in pairs. Don’t give any answers yet. Answers:
b Give Ss a few minutes to read the grammar box and ask any 1 Who was it that told you about the job in the first place?
questions they have about it. Check answers to Ex 5a with the 2 What was it that you were reading when I saw you the
class. other day?
3 When do you suppose you’ll hear if you’ve got onto the
S
Answers: course?
1 What do you suppose that even means? 4 What do you recommend I (should) do if I want to get into
2 What exactly is it that you do? that field?
am
3 What do you think would be a good thing for me to study? 5 Who do you reckon the best person to ask would be? /
4 How was it that you got into that? Who do you reckon would be the best person to ask?
A 1 and 3, 2 and 4 (based on patterns) 6 What was it (that) that guy wanted?
B In 1 and 3, the questions in the article focus on the person
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you are asking and their opinion; in 2 and 4, the questions 8a Elicit an example answer for question 1 in Ex 7 from the
in the article add emphasis to the question word. class, then ask Ss to think of and write answers to the rest of the
questions. Monitor and help with ideas and vocabulary, writing any
e
new words and phrases on the board.

Stronger classes could read the notes at home. Otherwise, Optional extra activity
M
check the notes with Ss, especially the use of double that.
You could ask Ss to write two responses to each question using
In each exercise, elicit the first answer as an example. Ss
different constructions and/or information, in order to provide
work alone to complete the exercises, then check their
at
extended practice, for example:

answers in pairs. In feedback, elicit Ss’ answers and drill the
1 My neighbour told me about the job. /
questions. Ss can refer to the notes to help them.
It was my brother-in-law who told me about the job.
Answers: 2 I was reading a novel about living on a tiny island. /
er
1 1 What is exactly What is it exactly / What exactly is it It was a book about decluttering your house that my mother
2 get got gave me.
3 Why on earth Jennifer want
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Why on earth does Jennifer want b Put Ss in pairs and explain the activity. One student says one
4 What was it do they ask What was it (that) they asked of their responses from Ex 8a and the other says the relevant
5 correct
l©
question from Ex 7. Make sure Ss give their responses in random

6 should we ask we should ask order. When they have finished, ask a few Ss to share their
7 correct responses with the class for other Ss to say the question.
8 is was
2 1 is it that he Further practice
2 (exactly) is it (that) he writes /
P

is it (exactly) (that) he writes 8A Grammar 2, p217
3 on earth did he get
ea

4 do you/people think is
5 do you suppose he gets/earns
rs
6a 8.1 Play the recording for Ss to listen and compare the

more fully pronounced and the more reduced forms of that. Model
the questions yourself too, if necessary.
on
Grammar checkpoint
The use of that that in questions 4 and 5 sounds a bit strange
but is perfectly acceptable, when the pronoun following the
clause is that. The first that is usually pronounced as a weak
20
form (/ðət/), and the second that is used pronounced more

strongly (/ðæt/). There is a note in the Language bank on
p150 if you wish to explore this further with your Ss.
23
114
Vocabulary
Unit 8
Audioscript 8.3
Describing what your job involves A: Hello there. It’s Mo, isn’t it?
B: Yeah. Hi. We … um … met at Kim’s little do the other week, right?
9 Ss match the verbs with the phrases alone, then check in pairs.
A: Yeah, that’s it. I’m Mel.
Check answers with the class. B: Yeah, right. I thought I recognised the face.
A: Yeah. So … um … good party.
Answers: 1 devise 2 mend 3 monitor 4 head up B: Yeah, yeah, it’s nice, isn’t it?
5 collaborate 6 facilitate 7 log 8 delegate 9 oversee A: Mmm. So … um … what do you do, Mo? Sorry if I’ve asked you before.
10 assemble 11 submit 12 fit I’ve got a terrible memory.
B: No, no, that’s OK. But it’s quite a tricky question to answer, to be
S
honest.
10 Give Ss a few minutes to think about their answers, then put
A: Oh?
Ss in pairs to share their ideas. When they have finished, ask a
am
B: Because I’m basically a VA – a virtual assistant.

few Ss to share anything interesting they found out about their A: OK.
partner with the class. B: Ha ha. That’s more or less what everyone says when I tell them!
VOCABULARY BANK 8A p163 A: So what exactly is it that you actually do, then?
B: Well, I work remotely – mostly from home, which is nice – and I
pl
Jobs and companies specialise in IT support, technical help, that kind of thing. And firms
These optional exercises build on the lexical set in the reach out to me for assistance with webinars, websites that go
vocabulary section. down, hackers, all kinds of stuff like that. And I sit there at home, in
e
1 Ss complete the table alone, then check in pairs. Check pyjamas if I feel like it, and sort stuff out for them. Mend broken bits
of their networks, monitor what’s coming in and going out of the
system, you know.
M
Answers: A: Wow! OK. It must be weird not having to go into an office, though.
B: Weird? I’d call it wonderful myself. I worked years to get to where
Type of job: freelance designer, CEO, admin assistant, deputy
I am!
finance director, GP, programmer
at
A: So how is it that you got into that line of work?

Type of company: defence contractor, property developer, B: Well, I’ve always been a bit of a computer geek and I did IT at college.
high-street retailer, HR service provider, management I then worked in-house, for a large import-export firm for a few years
consultancy, multinational before setting up on my own. Best thing I ever did.
er
A: So do you work fixed hours?

2 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. B: Not if I can help it. These days I go for the high-end clients, help with
Check answers with the class. key online projects, which usually means working like crazy for brief
periods of time and then just take it easy once I’ve earned what I
ia
Answers: 1 freelance designer 2 CEO 3 GP need for the month. I could always work more and make more, but
4 defence contractor 5 high-street retailers these days I’d rather have the time to myself, you know.
6 admin assistant 7 HR service provider
l©
8 management consultancy 9 programmers

10 multinationals 11 property developer
Speak
12 deputy finance director 13 Go through the Useful phrases with the class then put Ss in
pairs to roleplay their conversations using the questions given
3 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have to help. Monitor and make notes on Ss’ language use for later
P
finished, ask Ss to share their ideas with the class. feedback. When they have finished, ask a couple of Ss to say what
they learnt about their partner’s job. Give Ss feedback on their
ea
Further practice language use as a class.

rs
What was the most useful vocabulary you learnt today?

Speaking How will you use this to describe your own job in the future?
on
Prepare
11 Put Ss in A/B pairs and direct them to the relevant pages to
read their information. Ss then think about how they will answer
the six questions (printed on p172 and p173) alone. Monitor
and help with ideas and vocabulary, writing any new words and Homework ideas
20
phrases on the board. Language bank: 8A Ex 1–2, p151

12 Ss listen and note the information Mo gives alone,
8.3 Workbook: Ex 1–5, p60
then check in pairs. Check answers with the class. App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice
23
Answers:
1 He’s a VA – a virtual assistant.
2 He provides technical support from his home.
3 He loves it. (wonderful/best thing I ever did)
4 He did IT at college and then worked for a large export firm
before setting up on his own.
5 very good (He earns enough to take a lot of time off.)
6 not very fixed/flexible (He works like crazy and then gets a
lot of time off.)
115
Unit 8
Audioscript 8.6
8B Sleep well Conversation 1
A: Are you OK? You look worn out.
B: I am. I’m exhausted. I definitely need an early night.
A: Have you been going out a lot?
Introduction
B: I wish I had! No – just sleepless nights with the baby. She’s just
The goal of this lesson is for students to talk about sleep and waking up all the time and screaming her head off. It’s a nightmare.
insomnia. To help them achieve this, they will learn or revise A: Oh dear. That’s tough. Can’t you have a nap at lunchtime or
auxiliary verbs and vocabulary related to sleep. something?
B: I would if I could, but there’s nowhere here to have one, is there?
S
And anyway, I’m so busy …

Warm up A: I know. So am I.
am
B: I actually nodded off briefly in a meeting earlier this morning.

Put Ss in pairs and ask them to make a list of advice for someone
A: Really?
who has trouble sleeping (have a hot bath, listen to a podcast, B: It was a bit embarrassing. I suddenly heard my name and I was like
etc.). When they have finished, elicit Ss’ ideas and vote for the ‘What’s going on?’ I just kind of mumbled ‘That sounds good’. And
best three pieces of advice. I could see a couple of looks of confusion and my colleague goes
‘What does? The falling sales?’.
pl
A: Oh dear!
Vocabulary B: Yeah, not good. I did manage to get back on track, but it was a bit
Sleep awkward.
e
A: Hey, it could’ve been worse. You could’ve started snoring!

1 Focus attention on the pictures, then put Ss in pairs to discuss B: True – and apparently, I do snore a fair bit, so it wasn’t that unlikely!
the questions. When they have finished, elicit a few answers and
Conversation 2
M
find out if others agree. A: Morning.

2 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check B: Morning. Did you sleep well?
answers with the class, then check understanding of the words A: Yeah – kind of. I mean, I got off to sleep without any problem … I was
at
and phrases with focused questions, e.g. Does a night owl go to out like a light as soon as my head hit the pillow, but then at about
3 o’clock I woke up and I was completely wide awake.
bed early or late? (late); If you’re out like a light, do you fall asleep
B: I guess it’s a bit of jet lag. I know it’s only a couple of hours’ difference
slowly or quickly? (quickly).
but …
er
A: Maybe, but it actually happens to me quite a lot.

Answers: 1 suffer from jet lag 2 nodded off B: Really? What’s that about, then?
3 had a sleepless night 4 have a little nap 5 have a lie-in A: I really don’t know.
ia
6 was snoring loudly 7 can’t stop yawning 8 is an early riser B: But you usually go back to sleep again, right?
9 Are you a night owl 10 was out like a light A: Yeah, yeah, I do normally. I usually just read for a bit and I find I start
nodding off again after a few pages. I do normally sleep soundly
l©
after that.
Vocabulary checkpoint B: Weird.
A: Yeah, but it doesn’t bother me massively. It’s not like I’m yawning all
Some of the expressions in Ex 2 are fixed expressions:
day, feeling tired.
be a night owl, be an early riser, be out like a light,
B: Yeah. OK. Anyway … how does the breakfast here look? Have you had
have a lie-in, have a sleepless night, nod off. anything yet?
P
Others are semi-fixed expressions with other possibilities: Conversation 3

can’t stop yawning (crying/shaking), have (take) a little nap B: Ughgh … Yeah?
ea
(snooze/siesta), snore (sneeze/cough) loudly, suffer from A: Hello! Great to hear your voice too!
jet lag (insomnia/diabetes). B: Sorry. I was fast asleep.
A: Shouldn’t you be studying?
You could ask pairs to identify the fixed and semi-fixed
B: I am! I mean, not right this moment. I was just having a quick nap
expressions and think of substitutions for the semi-fixed ones. before I got back to it.
rs
A: Right. So how long have you been out?

3a Read the example with the class, then ask Ss to link the other B: I’m not sure. What time is it?
expressions alone. A: 2.30.
on
B: Really? Oh, I only meant to have a short nap.

b Read the example with the class, then put Ss in pairs to share
A: You should’ve set your alarm.
and explain their linking. When they have finished, elicit ideas from B: I did. I must’ve slept through it.
a few Ss. A: Good job I phoned you then. How come you’re so tired anyway?
B: I think it’s just the stress of the exams. I was tossing and turning half
Further practice the night worrying about them.
20
Photocopiable activities: 8B Vocabulary, p221 A: You should drink chamomile tea.

B: Chamomile tea?
A: Yeah. Chamomile – calms the nerves. I sleep like a baby.
B: Honestly, you’re like my mum sometimes. Anyway, what is it exactly
23
that you want?

Listening A: Just seeing if you’re still going to come out later.
B: Oh right. Yeah. I probably will. I mean I want to, but I’ll have to see how
4 8.6 Read the sentences with the class so they know
I get on with my revision.
what to listen for. Ss listen and match the sentences with the A: You should. It’d take you mind off things for a couple of hours.
conversations alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with B: OK, OK. Probably. Phone me back in a couple of hours.
the class. A: OK.
Answers: 1 c, d 2 a, f 3 b, e
116
5 Ss listen again and answer the questions alone, then check in 9a 8.8 Ss listen to the sentences, paying attention to how the
Unit 8
pairs. Play the recording again if necessary, then check answers auxiliaries are stressed.
with the class. b Play the recording again for Ss to listen and repeat.
10 Ss complete the conversations alone, then check in pairs.
Answers: Check answers with the class.
1 a A new baby at home is keeping him awake.
b because he nodded off in a meeting and wasn’t able to Answers: 1 It was 2 I don’t 3 I will 4 I did
respond properly when asked a question 5 Did you; I had; I didn’t (I hadn’t is also possible)
2 a because that friend says she was awake in the middle 6 they did; they do
S
of the night – and because there’s a couple of hours’ time

difference between home and where they are Optional extra activity
b No. It doesn’t bother her massively because it happens
am
quite often and she doesn’t feel too tired. Ask Ss to practise the conversations in pairs.
3 a She slept badly – tossing and turning all night because of
the stress of exams. 11 Put Ss in pairs to come up with responses. Provide some
b drinking chamomile tea, going out later examples from the suggested answers below, if necessary.
pl
When they have finished, check answers by asking open pairs to

6 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit perform comments or questions and responses.
e
Suggested answers:
1 I do sometimes. Yeah. / Not anymore, no, I used to, but I’ve
Grammar been fine recently.
M
Auxiliary verbs 2 It is, isn’t it. / It isn’t, not really! / It can be, I suppose.
7a Put Ss in pairs to discuss the auxiliaries. When they have 3 I might. / I actually did last year. / I have done in the past. /
finished, elicit their answers but don’t confirm them yet. I wouldn’t even if you paid me.
at
b 8.7 Ss listen and check their answers. Check answers with 4 I should’ve (done), but I didn’t. / I did. / I would’ve (done), but
the class. I fell asleep.
5 No, but I might if I don’t feel better tomorrow. / No. But I will.
er
Answers:
1 You look worn out. Further practice
2 Have you been going out a lot? Photocopiable activities: 8B Grammar 1, p219;
ia
3 Can’t you have a nap at lunchtime or something? 8B Grammar 2, p220

4 And anyway, I’m so busy … App: 8B Grammar practice 1 and 2
5 Shouldn’t you be studying?
l©
6 You should’ve set your alarm.

7 Just seeing if you’re still going to come out later. Speaking
8 Ss complete the grammar box alone, then check in pairs. Check Prepare
answers with the class. 12 Direct Ss to the relevant page and give them plenty of time
P
to do the sleep quiz. Encourage them to think of their own

Answers: experiences and make notes about them.
ea
1 am 2 would 3 could 4 did 5 am 6 had 7 will 13 8.9 Ss listen to the discussion and answer the question
Where the auxiliaries don’t match, it’s because the speaker alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
wants to add extra comments or meanings.
Answer: They heard on the news that being a night owl is bad
rs
for your health but only if you have to get up early for work.
on
Audioscript 8.9
check the notes with Ss, especially the use of different
auxiliaries in responses. In each exercise, elicit the first A: I’m a bit of a night owl. I often don’t go to bed till about two or three.
answer as an example. Ss work alone to complete the B: Apparently, that’s supposed to be bad for your health.
C: I did hear something about that on the news the other day.
B: So did I, which is why I mentioned it.
20
A: What did they actually say?

notes to help them. B: To be honest, I don’t remember all the details, but as far as I
understand it, the problem wasn’t so much being a night owl, it was
Answers:
more to do with the fact you’re forced to get up early for work.
1 1 I wish I didn’t I wish I hadn’t C: OK. Well, obviously I’m not, given that I’m freelance.
23
2 neither do my wife neither does my wife B: So, if you have a full night’s sleep, I think you’re basically fine.
3 correct A: And what is a full night’s sleep?
4 if it isn’t if it wasn’t C: Well, it depends who you ask, but I think it’s seven or eight hours.
5 correct A: Oh right. I guess I do most nights then.
6 I would I will C: Me too. More sometimes.
B: I wish I could, but I can’t – not at the moment, with everything I have
7 correct
to do. So maybe I’m unhealthier than you two then!
2 1c 2e 3a 4f 5b 6d
117
Speak
Unit 8

14 Go through the Useful phrases with the class. Ss discuss the Ss take turns miming the cooking verbs in pairs for the other
questions from the sleep quiz in small groups, using their notes student to guess the verb.
and their experiences. In feedback,nominate a student from each
group to share their answers with the class.
b You could start by telling the class your own answers to the
questions. Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have
Reflection on learning finished, ask a few Ss to share their answers with the class.
What new things did you learn about the use of auxiliaries today? VOCABULARY BANK 8C p163
S
How do you think this will help you in the future? Expressions with like
am

finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the vocabulary section.
1 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs.
Check answers with the class and check understanding if
Homework ideas necessary.
pl
Language bank: 8B Ex 1–2, p151 Answers:

Workbook: Ex 1–5, p61 1 a dream 2 a light 3 crazy 4 watching paint dry 5 jelly
e
6 a lead balloon 7 a tank 8 headless chickens 9 flies

10 nothing I’ve ever experienced
2a Put Ss in pairs to discuss which sentences from Ex 1 are

M
Fast route: continue to Lesson 8C linked with each situation. When they have finished, elicit Ss’
Extended route: go to p130 for Develop your writing ideas.
at
b Read the example conversation with the class. Ss create

their conversations in pairs and practise them. When
they have finished, ask each pair to perform one of their
er
conversations for the class.
Further practice
8C Food for thought
ia

l©
Introduction
The goal of this lesson is for students to talk about food and Reading
cooking. To help them achieve this, they will learn or revise
4a Check understanding of the difference between vegetarian
complex comparatives and vocabulary related to food and cooking.
(= someone who doesn’t eat meat) and vegan (= someone who
P
doesn’t eat any animal products: meat, cheese, milk, eggs, etc.).
Warm up Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit
ea
Write the letters of the alphabet on the board with space next answers from a few Ss and find out if others agree. Don’t give any
to each one to write words. Put Ss in pairs and give them a few answers yet.
minutes to try and think of at least one food or drink item for each b Ss read the blog post and recipe and answer the question
letter of the alphabet. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ answers alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
rs
and write them on the board (or invite Ss to do so).

Answers:
Vocabulary 1 Vegetarians avoid meat and fish. Vegans do not eat dairy
on
products or eggs, either.

Food and cooking 2 A meat eater – you need to think more carefully to ensure
1 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit vegans get a fully-balanced diet.
2 Elicit the first answer as an example, then ask Ss to match the 5a Make sure Ss cover the method part of the recipe and only
20
rest of the verbs with the pictures. Check answers with the class look at the list of ingredients. Alternatively, you could write the
and elicit what food each verb might go with (e.g. sprinkle the list of ingredients on the board and ask Ss to close their books.
grated cheese over the salad, drain the pasta). Ss practise retelling the recipe in pairs, using the ingredients as
prompts. With weaker classes, you could add these cooking
23
Answers: A grill B sprinkle C blend D drain E peel verbs to the board for extra support: peel, slice, grate, simmer,
F grate G roast H simmer I dip blend, sprinkle.
b Ss read the recipe again to check. When they have finished, ask
3a Ss complete the phrases alone, then check in pairs. Check Ss if they missed anything in their retelling of the recipe.
answers with the class. 6 Ss discuss the questions in small groups. When they have
finished, nominate a student from each group to share their
Answers: 1 blend 2 drain 3 sprinkle 4 roast 5 grate answers with the class.
6 peel 7 grill 8 dip 9 simmer
118
Language focus
Unit 8
Complex comparatives Stronger classes could read the notes at home. Otherwise,
7a 8.10 Tell the class they’re going to listen to two people check the notes with Ss, especially the use of the different
attempting to cook the dish in the blog post. Play the recording, adverbs. Ss work alone to complete the exercises, then check
then ask Ss how it went and why. their answers in pairs. In feedback, elicit Ss’ answers. Ss can
refer to the notes to help them.
Answers:
Answers:
It didn’t go very well.
1 1 the new one is miles more efficient
It was more difficult than it seemed.
S
2 not quite as tasty as the one I do

He burnt it.
3 needs a touch more/less salt
He didn’t have all the ingredients / didn’t have any almond milk.
am
4 has (got) way too many calories

It didn’t look as good as the one in the blog.
5 was miles more complicated than I had expected
6 nowhere near as sweet
Audioscript 8.10 7 ten times more expensive than it is at home
A: Hey, did I tell you I tried making that soup from the blog we read the 2 1 than 2 quite 3 so/that/very 4 less
pl
other day? 5 far/way/much/miles 6 times 7 anything 8 as

B: The peppery purple thing? 9 enough 10 better 11 too 12 lot
A: Yeah, that’s the one.
e
B: How was it?

A: Nowhere near as easy as it sounded! 9a 8.11 Play the recording for Ss to listen to and write the
B: No? sentences, paying attention to the pronunciation of as. Model the
M
A: Oh, it was probably my own fault. I think I must’ve had the heat on sentences yourself too, if necessary.
too high because I burnt the onions a bit and it all ended up tasting
a bit … Answers:
B: Burnt?
at
1 It was nothing like as good as the last one you made.

A: Well, I was going to say smoky, but yeah – basically!
B: Oh no!
2 It’s nothing like as tasty as my gran’s.
A: Yeah. And I couldn’t find any almond milk either so I just used normal 3 It was nowhere near as easy as it sounded.
er
milk. 4 It was nowhere near as filling as I thought it’d be.

B: OK. Makes sense I guess, though maybe you lose a bit of the nutty
flavour? b 8.12 Play the recording for Ss to listen and repeat.
A: Probably, yeah. Anyway – let me find the photo – yeah, here. Look
ia
10 Elicit the first answer as an example and write it on the board.

how it came out like!
B: Oh!
Ss rewrite the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check answers
A: Exactly. Nothing like as nice as the one on the blog! with the class and write the sentences on the board (or invite Ss
l©
B: Well, not quite as stylishly presented, that’s for sure, but they never to do so).
are, are they? I mean, those people use professional photographers.
They probably even have food stylists or something, you know, Answers:
and the equipment they use is a hundred times more expensive 1 was nowhere near as good as it is these days
than yours.
2 is nothing like as cheap as it is here
A: I guess.
P
3 It was ten times more complicated than

4 are way bigger
b Ss listen again and complete the extracts alone, then check in
ea
5 wasn’t quite as good as

pairs. Play the recording again if necessary, then check answers 6 are/were miles more interesting than/compared to
with the class.
11a Clarify that Ss can write about as many of the topics as
rs
Answers: 1 near as easy as 2 like as nice as 3 not quite as they want. Monitor and check Ss are forming the comparatives
4 a hundred times more correctly.
b Put Ss in pairs to share their ideas. When they have finished,
on
8 Ss complete the language focus box alone, then check in pairs. ask a few Ss to share anything interesting they found out about
Check answers with the class and answer any questions Ss have their partner with the class.
about the information.
Further practice
Answers: 1 little 2 way/miles 3 miles/way 4 hundred
20
5 quite 6 nowhere 7 nothing

23
119
Speaking 2 Elicit the first answer as an example. Ss rewrite the sentences
Unit 8
alone then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.

Prepare
12 Give Ss plenty of time to make notes on their recipes. If they Answers:
don’t know any, they can use the list of ingredients on p174. 1 He can’t be
Remind them of the cooking verbs from Ex 2 and encourage them 2 That must’ve been
to use them in their recipes. Monitor and help if necessary, writing 3 That must be
any new vocabulary on the board. 4 she must be
5 That can’t have been
Speak
S
6 can’t be avoided
13 Go through the Useful phrases with the class. Put Ss in groups
to share their recipes and ask questions about them. When they 3a Ss match the verbs with the phrases to make collocations
am
have finished, ask each group to decide on the best recipe and alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
share it with the class.
Answers: 1 e 2 c 3 a 4 b 5 f 6 d
pl
Ss could film or record themselves demonstrating the recipe like Optional alternative activity
a cooking programme. When they have finished, Ss share their
Books closed. Write the six verbs on the board and elicit words
recordings in groups and choose the best one.
which collocate with them. Write all Ss’ ideas on the board. Ss then
e
open their books and match the verbs with the endings. When you
Reflection on learning check answers with the class, refer back to Ss’ ideas on the board
and see if any were mentioned.
M

What language was new to you in today’s lesson?
How else might you use it in the future? b Ss speculate in pairs about four of the things in Ex 3a. Fast
at
finishers can discuss all the things. When they have finished,
elicit Ss’ ideas and find out if anyone else thought of the same
causes and results.
er
4 Elicit the first answer as an example and write the correct form
on the board. Ss correct the clauses alone then check in pairs. Elicit
Homework ideas
answers from the class and write the correct forms on the board
ia
Language bank: 8C Ex 1–2, p151 (or invite Ss to do so).

App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice Answers:
l©
1 I had taken that job I was offered

2 correct
3 wouldn’t be in this mess
Fast route: continue to Check and reflect: Units 7–8
4 correct
5 correct
P
6 he was/had been honest

7 correct
ea
5 Make sure Ss are aware that in one of the sentences both forms
are possible. Ss choose the correct alternatives alone, then check
rs

Answers: 1 both possible 2 Taking that into account
3 even so 4 Given 5 Then again 6 on top of all that
on
Introduction
6a Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. With
Ss revise and practise the language of Units 7 and 8. The notes
weaker classes, focus attention on the words in the box first and
recap what they mean before Ss complete the sentences. Check
20
1a Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check Answers: 1 system 2 turnout 3 polling 4 election
answers with the class. 5 vote 6 referendum (vote is also possible) 7 manifesto
23
Answers: 1 separation 2 inherited 3 nest 4 knot b Ss discuss the ideas in Ex 6a in pairs, giving their reasons.
5 together 6 premature 7 anniversary 8 falling When they have finished, elicit their answers and have a brief
class discussion.
b Give Ss a few minutes to prepare and make notes about people
they know. When they’re ready, put Ss in pairs to share their
ideas. When they have finished, ask a few Ss to share anything
interesting they found out from their partner with the class.
120
7 Ss order the words alone, then check in pairs. Check answers 13 Ss read and categorise the sentences alone, then check in
Unit 8
with the class. pairs. Check answers with the class.
Answers: Answers: 1 upward 2 upward 3 upward 4 downward

1 How was it that you heard about us? 5 downward 6 downward 7 upward 8 downward
2 Where do you think would be a good place to visit? / 9 downward
Where would be a good place to visit, do you think?
3 Who was it that you spoke to? Optional extra activity
4 Where was it that you stayed?
You could ask Ss to draw simple graphs for each of the sentences,
S
5 What exactly is it that you do? / What is it exactly that you do?
then compare graphs in pairs or small groups.
6 Why did you think that that would work?
7 What do you suppose that even means?
am
Reflect
Optional extra activity Ask Ss to rate each statement alone, then compare in pairs.
Ss think of answers to the questions in Ex 7 and write them on Encourage them to ask any questions they still have about any of
a piece of paper in random order. Put Ss in pairs and ask them the areas covered in Units 7 and 8.
pl
to show their partner their answers for them to remember the

Homework ideas
questions.
e

Roadmap video
M

Answers: 1 monitors 2 submit 3 collaborating
4 mending 5 heads up 6 fit
at
9a Ss complete the questions alone, then check in pairs. Check

er
8A Develop your listening

Answers: 1 light 2 jet lag 3 lie-in 4 riser 5 nap
6 nod off 7 sleepless
ia
b Ss choose and discuss four questions in pairs. Fast finishers

Introduction
can discuss all the questions. When they have finished, ask a few Ss develop the listening skill of following extended unstructured
l©
Ss to share with the class anything interesting they found out speech by learning how to identify clarification language.
about their partner.
10 Ss complete the conversations alone, then check in pairs. Warm up
Check answers with the class using open pairs to read out the
With books closed, put Ss in pairs and ask them to make a list of
conversations.
things NOT to do in an interview. When they have finished, elicit
P
Ss’ ideas and write them on the board (or invite Ss to do so).
Answers: 1 can 2 did 3 would/might 4 will/might
ea
5 had 6 have 1a Focus attention on the pictures and elicit that they all show
interviews. Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have
11a Ss complete the definitions alone, then check in pairs. If finished, elicit Ss’ answers and have a brief class discussion.
necessary, they could refer back to Lesson 8C. Check answers with b Ss discuss the questions in pairs. Monitor and help with ideas if
rs
the class. necessary. When they have finished, ask each pair to share their
Answers: 1 simmer 2 peel 3 roast 4 grill 5 grate
2a Go through phrases a–e and explain the meanings if
on
6 sprinkle 7 dip
necessary. Ss match the phrases with the sentences alone, then
b Ss discuss which of the things in Ex 11a they’ve done in the last
week in pairs.
Answers: a 4 b 5 c 1 d 3 e 2
20
answers with the class. b 8.4 Ss listen to the four extracts and match them with four
of the items a–e in Ex 2a alone, then check in pairs. Clarify that
Answers: one of the items in Ex 2a is not needed. Check answers with the
1 ten times nicer than
23
class and elicit what words gave them the answers.

2 nowhere near as expensive as
3 miles more exciting than Answers:
4 way more complicated than 1 d (my colleague didn’t really know what he was doing)
5 nothing like as tasty as 2 c (excellent, high standards)
6 anywhere near as good as 3 e (I notice that the company attends a lot of trade shows)
7 a touch spicier than 4 a (manage a chain of hotels, build my managerial skills)
8 quite as filling as
121
Interview 4
Unit 8
Audioscript 8.4
A: OK, another question. Where do you see yourself in five years’ time?
Interview 1 B: In five years’ time? Well, I’d like to think I’ll be heading up a team – a
A: OK, let me just dive into your resumé a little deeper … let’s see. Oh small team, a big team, I don’t know, time will tell – but at least
yes, I see you left a role as a Web Developer about … what is it, about I’d like to manage a chain of hotels within a region, specifically an
three years ago? And I see you’d only been in the job little more than international region, but obviously that’s more of a long-term goal
eighteen months, so I just wondered if you could tell me a little bit and I don’t know if five years is enough time to achieve that. In the
about that. You know, why did you decide to leave, that kind of thing, meantime I’d like to build my managerial skills and get a lot more
assuming it was your decision of course. experience in the hotel and restaurant sector. In fact that’s one
B: Oh yes, sure. Yes, it was definitely my decision. Well, at the time I was reason I’m very keen on this position, in that I know I’ll have the
doing web development for quite a small company and, as you say, opportunity to do those things here.
S
I was only there a relatively short time because, well, so, along with a A: Well I always say it’s good to know where you’re aiming for.
colleague I was responsible for everything digital, as in the website, B: Yeah, I think so, too.
am
the database and so on, but at some point in my first year there I
realised that my colleague didn’t really know what he was doing and
because he was slightly senior to me he just started delegating his 3 Ss listen again and decide if the statements are true, false or
work to me, specifically those tasks to do with the database which not mentioned. Ask Ss to check in pairs, then check answers with
were his responsibility rather than mine and, well to be honest with the class and elicit the reasons why.
you, it just became a bit much. I mean I was perfectly capable of doing
pl
my job and I honestly think I could have done his job too, because Answers:
I mean, I know database management is part of the job description
1 NM (It only says that she thought her colleague didn’t know
for this role and everything, but I just couldn’t do my job and my
e
colleague’s job. By that I mean it was just too much work, not that what he was doing.)
I wasn’t capable, so, to cut a long story short, I decided to leave. 2 T (‘I honestly think I could have done his job too’)
I mean I tried to talk to him about it first, obviously, but he just wasn’t 3 T (‘I strive to maintain excellent relationships with people
M
interested really. So yeah, that’s why I left. at all levels across the company’ and ‘I facilitate effective
Interview 2 performance from my team’)
A: Now, let me ask you something a bit more personal. It’s a classic 4 T (‘high standards can be hard for other people to live up to’)
at
interview question but useful nonetheless to find out a bit more 5 F (She’s applying for the role of Marketing Assistant.)
about you.
6 T (‘and even attending the shows because obviously that’s
B: Sure.
A: What would you say are your greatest strengths?
something I would be quite interested in’)
er
B: My strengths, well, specifically I would say that I’m an excellent 7 F (He hopes that he will be able to gain these skills in the
collaborator and facilitator. By that I mean I’m able to work with position he is applying for.)
all kinds of people to achieve the goals and outcomes that the 8 T (‘I’d like to think I’ll be heading up a team’)
ia
company expects and at the same time I strive to maintain excellent

relationships with people at all levels across the company. And in 4a Give Ss a few minutes to read the Focus box and ask any
terms of facilitation, well, it’s vitally important for a manager to
questions they have about it. Ss match the parts of the extracts
facilitate the work that his or her team does because that defines
l©
how successful a team is. Obviously a team is only as effective as

alone, then check in pairs. Don’t give any answers yet.
their manager enables them to be and my strength is that I facilitate b 8.5 Ss listen and check their answers, then compare in pairs.
effective performance from my team … I’m not sure there is another Check answers with the class.
manager in the company who manages this as well as I do.
A: OK … and weaknesses? Answers: 1 d 2 b 3 c 4 a
P
B: Ah yes, weaknesses, well I would have to say that in terms of

weaknesses I tend to demand the same extremely high standards of
5 Give Ss a few minutes to prepare their answers and make notes.
my colleagues that I also demand of myself. And high standards could
ea
be considered a weakness, in that they can be hard for other people Monitor and help if necessary, writing any new vocabulary on the
to live up to but I think it’s always important to demand the best of board. When they are ready, put Ss in pairs to ask and answer the
people … and of myself, of course. interview questions. When they have finished, ask a few Ss what
Interview 3 the best responses they heard were.
rs
A: Now, I think that’s all I wanted to ask you really. At this point I guess
I should ask if you have any questions for me. Optional extra activity
B: Yes, sure. Well, I wanted to ask something firstly about the role of
After Ex 5, put Ss into small groups to work as ‘panels’. They then
on
Marketing Assistant and what it would involve. I notice that the

company attends a lot of trade shows and the Marketing Director
compare the responses they heard and select the best candidate
often gives presentations on strategy at those shows – I think for a ‘second interview’.
actually she’s talking at a trade show in Helsinki this week …
A: … yes I think you’re right. Otherwise she would have been here to 6 Put Ss in pairs to come up with their advice. When they have
interview you herself.
20
finished, put pairs together in small groups to share their advice.

B: Sure, sure. Well, what I was wondering was to what extent the role,
Ask a student from each group what they think the best piece of
by that I mean the Marketing Assistant role that I’m applying for, um,
to what extent would it involve preparing for those trade shows
advice in their group is.
and conferences and putting together slideshows for the Marketing
23
Director and even attending the shows because obviously that’s Optional extra activity
something I would be quite interested in. I think my experience and Ask Ss to write a blog post with a list of ‘dos and don’ts’ for
skills, specifically those I gained in my previous job, are well-suited to first-time interviewees.
that kind of work.
A: Well, that’s a good question and I wish the director was here to Homework ideas
answer it herself because I’m afraid I don’t have the answer for you.
But what I can do is ask the director when she gets back and then Workbook: Ex 1–6, p63
email you the answer.
B: OK, sure, that’s fine.
122
3 Ss read the comment and answer the question alone, then
Unit 8
8B Develop your writing check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
Answer: The truth is that teenagers in general are not getting

enough sleep and their attention span is only slightly shorter
Introduction than other generations.
Ss develop the skill of writing a response to an article by learning
how to challenge evidence used in an article. 4 Give Ss a few minutes to read the Focus box and answer any
questions they have. Then ask them to find the statements to
match the steps. Check answers with the class.
S
Warm up
Write the following questions on the board: Answers:
am
Have you ever had an argument with someone online? 1 The article asserts that …
What was it about? 2 It points to research by …
What happened? 3 Unfortunately, the article completely misrepresents …
Ss discuss the questions in small groups. When they have finished, 4 What the study found was that …
pl
elicit answers from a few Ss and have a brief class discussion.
1a Focus attention on the pictures and elicit what they show

Prepare
(people of different generations). Ss match the pictures with the 5a Ss read the article and the research, then discuss in pairs how
e
names of the generations alone, then check in pairs. Don’t give the article misrepresents the research. When they are ready, elicit
any answers yet. their ideas and share them with the class.
M
b Ss check their answers on p174. Check answers with the class.

Answer: The article says that millennials complain about not
getting time off, when in fact they complain about others taking
Answers: A baby boomers B Generation X C millennials
at
time off. It also says they get ill more often which leads to them
D Generation Z
taking more time off, but in fact 43 percent of them said they
come to work when they feel ill and this is a higher percentage
c Read the example with the class and find out if Ss agree. Ss make
than of baby boomers.
er
lists in pairs. Monitor and help, writing any new vocabulary on the
board. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ ideas and find out if others
b Refer Ss back to the steps in the Focus box, then ask them to
agree, feeding in information from the Culture notes if you wish.
think about what to write. Monitor and help if necessary, writing
ia
Culture notes any new vocabulary on the board.
Baby boomers are often associated with privilege in Western Write

l©
culture, since they grew up in a time of increasing wealth due 6a Ss write their first drafts of their comments. Monitor and offer
to government funding of housing and education. They are corrections if necessary and be on hand to answer any questions
sometimes criticised for excessive consumerism. Ss have.
Generation X grew up during a time of change in society. This b Ss exchange comments in pairs, reading and preparing
was also a time of increased divorce rates and a greater number feedback on each other’s work. Pairs then give each other
P
of women entering work. In the latter part of this generation, they feedback and suggestions. Be on hand to help if necessary.
were sometimes described as ‘slackers’ and disaffected.
7 Ss write their second drafts, incorporating their partner’s
ea
Millennials are often the children of baby boomers. The feedback. If you’re short of time, this could be done for homework.
characteristics of millennials vary from culture to culture, but they
are most often associated with becoming adults in the age of Homework ideas
technology.
rs
Ex 7: Write a second draft of your comment.

Generation Z have generally grown up with technology. They are Workbook: Ex 1–7, pp.66–67
sometimes referred to as digital natives.
on
2a Read the instructions with the class and ask Ss if they like
reading opinion articles and why or why not. Ss read the article
and answer the questions alone, then check in pairs. Check
20
Answers:
1 up to 10 hours a day
2 the Kew Research Centre
23
3 eight seconds
4 research by Stephen Baker from the University of Eastleigh
b Ss discuss the question in pairs, giving reasons for their

opinions. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ ideas and have a brief
class discussion.
123
Unit 8
Answers:
8C Develop your reading 1 She laughs each time because there is a pun (a word used
with two meanings) and this makes the sentence funny.
When S says ‘That’s a novel idea’ she is playing with both
Introduction meanings of the word. (noun = a book OR adjective =
original or new) The second pun uses the fact that plain
Ss develop the reading skill of understanding an online diary by
(= normal and boring and plane (= aircraft) are pronounced
learning how to recognise topics that idioms refer to.
the same. R makes the pun when she says that the food is
plain after the writer describes it as ‘like airline food’.
S
Warm up 2 present simple tense – it makes the events more immediate

Write the following questions on the board: and dramatic
am
Have you ever kept a diary? What kind of information did you 3 by their first initial – probably because she doesn’t want to
include? identify them by name, to protect their privacy.
Would you like to keep one? What for?
What’s the difference between a traditional diary and an online one? 5 Give Ss a few minutes to read the Focus box and ask any questions
they have about the information. Ss match the idioms with the
pl
Ss discuss the questions in small groups.

meanings alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
1a Focus attention on the photos and ask Ss how many of the
foods they can name. Ss match the photos with the words and Answers: 1 d 2 e 3 a 4 b 5 c
e
phrases in the box alone, then check in pairs. Check answers

with the class and model the pronunciation of each one for Ss to 6 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished,
repeat, especially lasagne /ləˈzænjə/, tiramisu /tɪrəmɪˈsuː/, waffle elicit answers from a few Ss and have a brief class discussion.
M
/ˈwɒfl/ and muesli /ˈmjuːzli/.

7a Ss read the diary extracts and underline the idioms, thinking
about what they mean. Check which words should be underlined
Answers: A lasagne B cannoli C tiramisu
at
with the class, but don’t check the meanings yet.

D a chocolate waffle E nachos with cheese F broccoli
G muesli with yoghurt H pancakes
Answers:
er
1 in pretty bad shape; whip us back into shape; blacked out

Vocabulary checkpoint 2 see the big picture; ballpark figures; the elephant in the room
Food words in English are often loanwords from their
b Ss compare ideas about the meanings in pairs and answer the
ia
country of origin, e.g. Italy: tiramisu, cannoli; India: curry,

chutney; Japan: tofu, sushi. question. Check answers as a class.
l©
Answers:
b Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit
7a in pretty bad shape = not fit or healthy
Ss’ answers.
whip us back into shape = force us to be fit and healthy by
2 Ss read the online diary quickly to find out which food Greta
being very strict and demanding
doesn’t eat. Check the answer with the class.
blacked out = passed out, became unconscious
see the big picture = understand the overall situation
P
Answer: pancakes.
ballpark figures = approximate numbers or results
the elephant in the room = the thing which people are not
ea
3 Ss read the text again more carefully and answer the questions
talking about even though it is the most important
7b 1 fitness/exercise 2 work/business
Answers:
rs
1 Greta normally goes out with friends but this Friday she has
8 Ss match the pairs of idioms with similar meanings alone, then
guests coming to her house for dinner.
2 to help her get going (start doing something active or
on
Answers: 1 c 2 a 3 d 4 b
productive)
3 the food that was left over from the meal the night before
9 Ss tell each other what they ate in pairs. Encourage them to
4 eat more healthily
use their imagination if they want to and describe a wide range
5 the past when they were studying and what Greta wants to
of unusual foods and food combinations (see Teaching tip below).
do in the future
20
When they have finished, elicit a few answers.

6 because she feels she’s eaten unhealthily on Saturday
7 stops eating healthily
8 sad and depressed about going back to work on Monday; Teaching tip
In English language teaching we often aim to provide ‘real-
23
to look for a job that doesn’t stress her out so much

life’ contexts for language use, in order to try and replicate
4 Ss discuss the question in pairs. When they have finished, check how Ss will need to use the language outside class. However,
answers with the class. sometimes it can be useful to provide imaginary, sometimes
wildly exaggerated contexts. This can allow for wider and richer
use of vocabulary while adding an element of fun and interest
to a task. It can also make language more memorable and
things less personal, if necessary.
Homework ideas
124
Unit 9
9A Feelings
The goal of this lesson is for students to tell better stories and
anecdotes. To help them achieve this, they will learn or revise
how to use not only and no sooner/as soon as and vocabulary
9A Feelings
to describe feelings.
S
Goal | tell better stories and anecdotes

Grammar | not only and no sooner/as soon as
am
Vocabulary | feelings Warm up

GSE learning objective Put Ss in small groups and give them a few minutes to brainstorm
Can narrate a story in detail, giving relevant information about
a list of as many positive and negative feelings in English as they
can. When they have finished, ask Ss to come up and write them
9B Habits on the board.
pl
Goal | describe other people’s habits and how you feel

about them
Grammar | will and would for habits; I wish + would
Vocabulary
e
Vocabulary | describing people and their habits Feelings

GSE learning objective 1 Focus attention on the photos, then put Ss in pairs to discuss
Can express attitudes using linguistically complex language
M
the questions. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ answers and
9C All the rage have a brief class discussion.
Goal | talk about trends 2 Elicit the first answer as an example, then ask Ss to choose the
at
Language focus | making new words stronger emotion from the remaining pairs of words alone. Ask Ss
Vocabulary | trends to check their answers in pairs then check answers with the class.
er
Can talk about trends in detail Answers:

9D English in action 1 ashamed 2 exhausted 3 traumatised 4 ecstatic
Goal | manage informal conversations 5 overwhelmed 6 appalled 7 furious 8 hilarious
ia
Vocabulary | colloquial and idiomatic language

GSE learning objective 3 Elicit the first answer as an example, then ask Ss to match the
Can contribute to group discussions even when the speech is remaining groups of words with the adjectives in Ex 2 in pairs.
l©
fast and colloquial Check answers with the class and elicit their reasons.
Roadmap video
Answers: a 2 b 3 c 4 d 1 e 7 f 8 g 5 h 6
VOCABULARY BANK Vocabulary checkpoint

P
Many idioms are connected to parts of the body, e.g. dead on

9A Expressions with it your feet, put your foot in it and pull your leg. You could ask
ea
9C Nouns and verbs with the same form Ss to think of more and/or find more online, e.g. cost an arm
and a leg, give someone the cold shoulder, get cold feet,
DEVELOP YOUR SKILLS keep your chin up, lend a hand and see eye to eye.
rs
9A Develop your listening 4 Put Ss in pairs to choose two of the photos to describe using
Goal | understand panel interviews words and phrases from Ex 2 and Ex 3. When they have finished,
Focus | recognising when someone avoids answering a
on
elicit answers from a few Ss and find out if others agree.

question
GSE learning objective Optional alternative activity
Can recognise the language and strategies used when a
speaker is avoiding answering a question Ss secretly choose their photos and describe them for their
partner to guess. When they have finished, ask a few Ss to
20
9B Develop your writing describe their photos for the class to guess.
Goal | write a narrative
Focus | linking two actions together
23
Can structure longer complex texts using a range of

cohesive devices

Goal | compare a text and its summary
Focus | critically evaluating a summary
Can compare and critically evaluate a summary against the
original text
125
3 A couple of years ago, I went to the Black Friday sales at a local shop
Unit 9
VOCABULARY BANK 9A p164 where they were giving big discounts on electronics. By 9 a.m. quite a
Expressions with it crowd had gathered outside and there was a mad rush as soon as the
These optional exercises build on the lexical set in the doors opened an hour later. People were pushing and shoving and
I remember seeing these two women grabbing the same box. They
vocabulary section.
completely lost it and started screaming at each other. Then a few
1 Ss match the expressions with the meanings alone, then others got involved and before I knew it there was a complete riot
check in pairs. Check answers with the class. going on – people chucking things around, throwing punches – it
was crazy. Anyway, someone must’ve filmed it because it was on the
Answers: news that night. My mum was tutting and saying how disgusting it
1 c 2 h 3 b 4 f 5 i 6 j 7 d 8 e 9 a 10 g 11 k was, but I didn’t say a word. I felt slightly ashamed even though I hadn’t
S
actually done anything myself – apart from buy a cheap phone!

2 Ss complete the questions alone then check in pairs.
4 Oh, I must tell you about a rather embarrassing moment I had at
am
the theatre a few years ago. An old friend had bought me a ticket
and I’d got myself all dressed up, as you do. We had great seats and
Answers:
were happily sitting there watching. It was a rather good production
1 lose 2 call 3 put 4 made 5 come 6 thought of Swan Lake. Anyway, I kept hearing this beeping noise coming
from somewhere nearby. Other people could hear it too and were
3 Ss discuss three of the questions in Ex 2 in pairs. When tutting and looking angrily around. Every few minutes I’d hear it
pl
they have finished, ask a few Ss to share anything interesting again and by the interval I was so furious I went to complain. There
they found out about their partner with the class. were several other people all doing the same and just as I was in the
middle of demanding that the person responsible be thrown out,
e
my phone started beeping and … yes, you guessed it! Not only had I
Further practice
not recognised the sound of my own phone, but I’d actually worked
Photocopiable activities: 9A Vocabulary, p227 myself up into a real temper about the terrible person ruining the
M
App: 9A Vocabulary practice 1 and 2 performance for everyone else. I vanished into the audience very
quickly after that, feeling really rather embarrassed.
at
Listening b Ss compare their answers to Ex 6a and discuss the connections

5 Ss discuss the questions in pairs, giving reasons for their
er
answers. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ answers and have a
Answers:
brief class discussion.
6a
6a 9.1 Read the questions with the class so they know what
1 part of the ceiling collapsed while they were in the theatre
ia
to listen for. Play the recording for Ss to listen and answer the 2 so many people re-tweeted the initial appeal and donated
questions alone. Don’t give any answers yet. money
Audioscript 9.1 3 the speaker had bought a phone in the sales and therefore
l©
participated in the madness

1 So I guess one of the most frightening and bizarre experiences I had
4 the speaker was in the middle of complaining about the noise
was when I went to see this play called The Curious Incident of the
Dog in the Night-Time. About halfway through, there was this cry from a phone when they realised it was their own phone
from above and one of the actors looked up and I turned round to see 6b
a big chunk of the ceiling collapse. I initially had this moment where 1 People were taking selfies and posting on social media –
P
I thought it was part of the play, but no sooner had the thought even though someone could’ve been killed there.
entered my head than people started screaming and running out in 2 The speaker used social media to launch the appeal and kept
ea
blind panic. Luckily, we were pretty much untouched, but we were

getting pings on the phone as new notifications came in.
still all quite shaken up when we got out. But you wouldn’t believe it:
some people were not only smiling and laughing but actually taking
3 Someone filmed all the fighting and the news used the
selfies of themselves covered in dust and plaster. And some of them footage. Also, the speaker bought a new phone.
were even posting on Facebook! I just don’t get how people could do 4 A phone was going off all through the performance.
rs
that. I mean, what if someone had died?

2 A couple of years ago, my son was quite seriously ill. We were told the 7 Ss decide if the sentences are true, false or not mentioned
best treatment he could get was in the States, but it was way more alone. Play the recording again for Ss to listen and check, then ask
on
than we could afford. Anyway, I decided to try and raise the money by
Ss to check in pairs. Check answers with the class and ask Ss to
doing the Boston marathon – Boston being where the hospital Yago
would go to was. The first day I started training I put a tweet out with
correct the false statements.
a picture of me in my running gear and no sooner had I pressed ‘send’
than it was getting re-tweeted and I was getting offers of donations. Answers:
1 a F (about halfway through) b NM
20
It was quite overwhelming – I got a bit tearful and spent that first run
half crying, half jumping for joy with each ping of the notifications 2 a T b F (she did but her son had already had the operation)
on my phone. Anyway, not only did we raise enough money for my 3 a NM b F (he was embarrassed about being there even
son, we had enough to establish a foundation, which has already
though he hadn’t participated in the fighting)
benefitted three other kids. Yago actually had the operation even
23
4 a T b F (she vanished into the audience)

before I ran in the marathon and he says he wants to do the next one
with me!
8 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, ask
a few Ss to share anything interesting they found out about their
partner with the class.

Ss research an incident where people took inappropriate selfies or
photos in real life (e.g. at Auschwitz, an accident, a funeral), then
report back to the class.
126
Grammar
Unit 9
Answers:
1 No sooner had I told her than I realised I’d put my foot in it.
not only and no sooner/as soon as
2 Not only was it (very) expensive, (but) it didn’t even work
9a Read the sentences with the class, then put Ss in pairs to
properly / (but) it also didn’t work properly.
discuss them. Don’t give any answers yet.
3 The kids were not only making a mess, (but) they were also
b Ss read the grammar box and check their answers. Check disturbing the other passengers on the plane / they were
answers with the class and answer any questions Ss have about
disturbing the other passengers on the plane, too.
the information in the grammar box.
4 Not only were people cheering, they were actually jumping
for joy.
S
Answers:
5 No sooner was the plane in the air than the engine
• Not only is between the auxiliary and the main verb in the
caught fire.
first sentence, then at the start in the next one. As soon
am
as links the two clauses. No sooner is at the start of the

12a Read the examples with the class, then ask Ss to write two
sentence.
replies to the rest of the questions. Monitor and help with ideas
• for emphasis
and vocabulary if necessary, and check Ss are forming the replies
• When not only is within a sentence it comes between the
correctly.
pl
auxiliary and the main verb. As soon as is followed by a whole

clause. When Not only or No sooner go at the start of the Suggested answers:
sentence, the auxiliary verb and subject are inverted. 1 Not only did they apologise, but they also gave me $500
e
compensation!
LANGUAGE BANK 9A pp.152–153 Yeah, but no sooner had he done that than he managed to
insult me again!
M

check the notes with Ss, especially how to add extra 2 Not only did I get an interview, but they offered me
emphasis with the two forms. In each exercise, elicit the the job!
at
first answer as an example. Ss work alone to complete the Yes, but no sooner had I got there then they told me they’d
exercises, then check their answers in pairs. In feedback, already found someone else.
elicit Ss’ answers and drill the questions. Ss can refer to the 3 Not only did he offer to help me, but he hired a van for me.
er
notes to help them. Yes, but no sooner had he offered than he said he
remembered he was busy that day.
Answers: 4 Not only did I speak to them, but I wrote them a letter.
1 1b 2c 3e 4f 5a 6d I did, but no sooner had I finished talking to them than
ia
2 1 No sooner had she heard the news than she sent me a they walked away!
message. 5 Well, not only did he get in his car, but he drove off
2 No sooner had she complained about the company on
l©
really fast.
social media than they contacted her. No sooner had he got into his car than he drove off
3 Not only do people feel powerful when they write posts really fast.
like that, but they feel very clever, too.
4 Not only could I feel myself hitting a wall, but I was b Put Ss in pairs to ask the questions, respond and develop the
starting to get really ill as well. conversations. When they have finished, ask a few Ss to have the
P
5 No sooner had I heard / did I hear myself saying it than conversations in open pairs.
I knew I’d regret it.
ea
6 Not only did she seem lost for words, but she also didn’t Further practice
know what to do next.
9A Grammar 2, p226
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10a 9.2 Ss listen and pay attention to how the underlined App: 9A Grammar practice 1 and 2
words are stressed and how intonation shows surprise.
on

Model each sentence for the class in two ways: once with very
flat intonation and again with animated intonation and emphatic
stress. Discuss the difference with the class and why intonation
20
and stress are important (to convey emotion and intensity). Ss

then practise saying the sentences in the two ways.
11a Ss write the sentences alone. Monitor and make sure they’re
23
forming them correctly, offering help if necessary.

b Ask Ss to compare answers in pairs, then check answers with
the class. Write the sentences on the board (or invite different
Ss to come up and do so). Ss then choose two of the sentences
and discuss what happened before and after. When they have
finished, ask a few Ss to share their ideas with the class.
127
Speaking Reading
Unit 9
Prepare 1a Focus attention on the pictures and elicit what Ss can see. Ss
13 Refer Ss back to the feelings and emotions in Ex 2 and ask rank the habits in pairs.
them to choose one to tell a story about. Point out the list of b Rearrange Ss into new pairs for Ss to compare their ideas and
subjects for the story and ask them to make notes. Monitor and discuss their own good and bad habits. When they have finished,
help if necessary, writing any new vocabulary on the board. elicit Ss’ ideas and find out if others agree.
2 Ss read the blog post quickly and answer the questions alone,
Speak
14 Go through the Useful phrases with Ss, then put them in pairs
S
to tell their stories. Encourage Ss to ask follow-up questions and Answers:

respond as they go along. When they have finished, ask each pair
am
1 A person can’t change their (bad) habits.

to choose the best story and share it with the class. Encourage 2 because the writer does not think it is true; it makes the
other Ss to ask questions. behaviour seem natural and out of a person’s control when
that’s not the case
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Write the following questions on the board: 3 Ss read the blog post again and decide which of the points are
How confident do you feel telling stories and anecdotes in made alone, then check in pairs. Check the answer with the class.
English now?
e
What language helped the most with this today? Answers: The writer makes points 3, 4 and 5.
finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the 4a Ss write their five events alone. Encourage Ss to note down
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class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not. any changes associated with each event, e.g. become a parent
– take fewer risks. Monitor and help with ideas and vocabulary if
necessary, writing any new words and phrases on the board.
at
Homework ideas
b Ss compare their lists in pairs, explaining their choices and using
Language bank: 9A Ex 1–2, p153 examples from their own experience where relevant. When they
Workbook: Ex 1–4, p68 have finished, elicit a few answers from the class and have a brief
er
App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice class discussion.

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Fast route: continue to Lesson 9B In Ex 4b, Ss don’t say the life events, just describe the changes
Extended route: go to p94 for Develop your listening they cause. Their partner listens and tries to guess what the
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events are.
Grammar
will and would for habits; I wish + would
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5 9.5 Ss listen and answer the questions alone, then check in

9B Habits pairs. Check answers with the class.
ea
Answers:
1 getting a lot (healthier and) fitter / going vegan and doing
Introduction
exercise
rs
The goal of this lesson is for students to describe other people’s 2 He saw a documentary that persuaded him to stop eating
habits and how they feel about them. To help them achieve this, meat and he met someone who was into fitness. They
they will learn or revise will and would for habits and the phrase exercise together several times a week.
on
I wish + would, and vocabulary for describing people and their 3 The woman is very positive – thinking about making some
habits. changes herself. The man is more cynical.
Warm up Audioscript 9.5

20
Tell Ss about a good habit you have, e.g. I make my bed every A: I just couldn’t believe it. Honestly! I almost didn’t recognise him. He
morning. Explain why you do it and what the benefits are. Give Ss looks so different! I mean, when we used to work together, he was
a few minutes to think of their own good habits and make notes if the kind of guy who’d take the lift to go up one floor and have junk
they want to, then put them in pairs to tell each other about them. food for breakfast, lunch and dinner. But you should see him now –
23
super fit and looks way younger. It’s amazing.

In feedback, ask a few Ss to share what their partner told them
B: So what brought all that on? Did he say?
with the class. A: Yeah, I think it was a couple of things. He said a couple of years back,
he saw a documentary about the meat industry and it just really
put him off the whole idea of eating animals so he decided to go
completely vegan.
B: Wow! He didn’t just go veggie?
A: Nope, apparently he won’t even wear leather or use any animal-
based products these days.
B: OK – and all because of a documentary?
A: Well, he did also say he’d met someone and they’re really into the
whole fitness thing.
128
B: Ah ha. 7a 9.6 Ss listen and pay attention to how would and will are
Unit 9
A: To be fair, I don’t know which came first. Anyway, apparently they often reduce to almost nothing. Model the sentences yourself if
train together three or four times a week. necessary, too.
B: Hey – love can do funny things to a person!
A: It can, it can. Still, it’s actually made me think that maybe I should b Play the recording again for Ss to listen and repeat.
think about doing something similar. 8 Ss complete the comment alone, then check in pairs. Check
B: What – finding a partner? answers with the class.
A: No! … Well, that might be good, too! No, I mean, seeing him and the
way he was talking just made me think I could go do more health Answers: 1 would (never) do 2 wouldn’t (even) take
wise, you know, take it a step further. Like I’ll sometimes go a week
3 ’ll stay 4 will (never) miss 5 won’t (ever) complain
without any meat at all, but maybe I should just stop altogether.
S
B: Oh you’re not going to become one of those annoying people, too, 6 would relax 7 wouldn’t study
going on about being super fit and healthy. I just wish they would
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keep it to themselves. 9 Ss think of annoying habits they’ve had and make notes.
A: No! And to be fair, Tom wasn’t being like that at all. I asked him, he Provide an example yourself, if possible, e.g. My husband says I’m
answered. He was just obviously much more content and it was kind messy as I never put anything away. I know he wishes I’d tidy up
of inspiring. more. When they are ready, put Ss in pairs to discuss their habits
B: Hmm.
and what people wish they’d do. In feedback, elicit a few habits
A: Honestly. You’re so cynical. I wish you wouldn’t see the worst in
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things all the time. from Ss and find out if other Ss have or had the same.
B: Oh, I’m joking! It’s funny!
A: It is … sometimes. Further practice
e

6a Ss read the extracts and think about the answers to the 9B Grammar 2, p229
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questions alone. When they have finished, put Ss in pairs to

compare and discuss their answers. Don’t give any answers yet.
b Ss read the grammar box and check their answers. Check
Vocabulary
at
answers with the class and answer any questions Ss have about
the grammar box. Describing people and their habits
10a Ss match the sentences with the follow-up comments alone,
er
Answers: then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.

1 repeated
2 general habit Answers: 1 b 2 a 3 c 4 e 5 d 6 i 7 j 8 f 9 g 10 h
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3 no – it’s true now

4 They don’t keep it to themselves. / They talk (go on) about b In pairs, Ss discuss which of the words in bold in Ex 10a are more
being fit and healthy all the time. positive and which are more negative. When they have finished,
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5 a bit annoyed elicit Ss’ ideas and find out if the class agrees.
Suggested answers:
Positive: content, determined, dry sense of humour, liberal,
modest, charming, lighten up, a smooth talker
check the notes with Ss, especially the non-use of will and
P
Negative: cynical, intense, demanding, controlling, whine

would for states and situations which are ongoing over a
period of time. In each exercise, elicit the first answer as an
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example. Ss work alone to complete the exercises, then Vocabulary checkpoint

check their answers in pairs. In feedback, elicit Ss’ answers Some words can become positive or negative depending on
and drill the questions. Ss can refer to the notes to help them. the context, e.g.:
rs
Answers: My family has very liberal values – we generally respect

1 1 (future promise) people’s choices as long as they’re not hurting anyone else.
2 (habit now – always refuses to eat) (positive)
on
3 (regular action in the past) People round here with liberal views are not at all popular
4 (’d = had) – our community prefers to conform and doesn’t like change.
5 (hypothetical situation) (negative)
6 (promise to try) My goal in life isn’t just to be content – that’s so boring!
7 (always) I want to be challenged and take risks! (negative)
20
8 (advice about a specific situation now) Most people crave a quiet, peaceful life where they just feel
9 (specific situation now) content, don’t they? (positive)
10 (habit – he always bottles things up/doesn’t tell me)
23
11 (specific past experience and possible plan for future) 11 Give Ss a few minutes to think of people and make notes.
12 (regular action – from time to time/ever) Provide a few examples yourself, if possible, e.g. My last boss
13 (specific situation now) was very demanding. She would often expect us to work late.
14 (habit – he never takes no for an answer) My friend Harry has a very dry sense of humour. He’s always
15 (specific situation now/hypothetical) making these funny comments and observations. When they have
2 1 used to (state not action) 2 both 3 both finished, put Ss in pairs to compare their ideas.
4 would (hypothetical) 5 got (one point)
6 seemed (once when we met) 7 both 8 both Further practice
9 he has (state not action) 10 wouldn’t Photocopiable activities: 9B Vocabulary, p230
129
Speaking b Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit
Unit 9

Prepare
12 Give Ss plenty of time to make notes and encourage them to VOCABULARY BANK 9C p164
use the grammar and vocabulary of the lesson. Monitor and help if
Nouns and verbs with the same form
necessary, writing any new vocabulary on the board.
Speak vocabulary section.
13 Go through the Useful phrases with the class, then ask Ss to 1a Ss answer the questions about the verbs in the box in
share their descriptions in pairs. When they have finished, ask a pairs. Check answers with the class.
S
few Ss to share anything interesting with the class. Answers:

am
1 adjust (adjustment), dispose (disposition/disposal)

Reflection on learning 2 Different parts of the words are stressed.
Write the following questions on the board: verbs: contrast, rebel, insult nouns: contrast, rebel, insult
What was the most useful vocabulary you learnt today?
b Ss complete the sentences alone then check in pairs.
How will you use this in the future?
pl

finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the Answers:
class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not. 1 insult 2 hike 3 rebel 4 slump 5 exhibit 6 alert
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7 contrast 8 dip
Homework ideas
2 Ss discuss the statements in Ex 1b in pairs. When they have
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Language bank: 9B Ex 1–2, p153 finished, elicit a few answers and have a brief class discussion.
at
Further practice
er

Reading
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3a Write trendspotters on the board and ask Ss to discuss the

questions in pairs.
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b Ss read the article quickly and check their ideas. Check answers
with the class and find out what Ss think about the job.
9C All the rage Answers: Trendspotters spot new fashions, ideas and activities
for society as a whole. They work in the fashion, tech and
dictionary industries (these are the ones mentioned in the article).
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Introduction
4 Ss read the article again and answer the questions alone, then
ea
The goal of this lesson is for students to talk about trends. To

help them achieve this, they will learn or revise how to make new check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
words, and vocabulary related to trends.
Answers:
1 The fast pace of change makes businesses uncertain which
rs
Warm up
trends will be important in the future.
Write the following questions on the board: 2 They look at wider shifts in mood and mindset in society to
decide which trends will take off.
on
Do you try to follow fashion? Why/Why not?

What do you think of current fashions for young people? 3 fashion: help set trends for the next season
Why do fashion trends change so often? marketing: choose the most popular platforms to advertise on
Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit a 4 Online dictionaries tend to crowdsource definitions and
few answers and have a brief class discussion. examples / accept ideas from the public. Printed dictionaries
20
use lexicographers to decide if the word is widely used and in

what contexts.
Vocabulary 5 Trend is an example of something interesting lexicographers
Trends noticed; they noticed that people are using it more and more
23
1 Focus attention on the photos and elicit what Ss can see. Ss as a verb.
answers and have a brief class discussion.
2a Ss read the sentences and decide if they show something
getting lower or something getting higher alone, then check in
Answers: Lower: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 Higher: 1, 8, 9, 11, 12
130
Unit 9
Optional extra activity Answers:
Write the following questions on the board: 1 All of them can be used as verbs.
Do you know what’s trending on social media this week? Examples:
Do you use a dictionary often? Which one(s)? She has ballooned over the last couple of months. I think
Can you think of any new words which have come into the English she’s expecting twins!
language recently? He elbowed me!
Where do you think new words come from? How do they spread? I’ve been eye-ing up this leather jacket in a shop near me but
Have you ever invented any new words? What did they mean? I can’t really afford it.
I’ll friend you on WhatsApp.
Ss discuss the questions in small groups. When they have finished,
S
Why don’t you Google it?

Can you Hoover the front room?
am
The internet has impacted on society hugely.

Language focus I spend a lot of my time taxi-ing my kids around.
I workshopped part of the lesson.
Making new words 2 All of them can be combined with other nouns to make
5 Ss match the words with the definitions alone, then check compound nouns except workshop.
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in pairs. Check answers with the class and be prepared to give Examples: a balloon economy, elbow room, eye shadow,
further explanations or examples if necessary. friend request, Google chat, Hoover bag, impact assessment,
taxi rank
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Answers: 1 c 2 b 3 f 4 a 5 e 6 d 3 All of them can have a prefix and/or suffix added except
balloon, elbow and Hoover.
6a Ss discuss how the words are pronounced in pairs. Don’t give Examples: an eyeful, unfriend/friendly/friendship,
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any answers yet. Googleable, impactful, taxi-able, workshoppy

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7 Give Ss time to read the language focus box and ask any Optional extra activity
questions they have. Ss then match the words in bold in Ex 5
Ask Ss to think of any new words in their language(s) and discuss
with the categories alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with
where they think they have come from in pairs.
er
the class.
Further practice
Answers: a unputdownable b up c FOMO d zeitgeist
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e crowdsource f edutainment
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There are different ways to say abbreviations in English

Some are pronounced as single words, e.g. AIDS, NASA, Speaking
FOMO, YOLO, GIF. These are called acronyms. Prepare
Others are pronounced as their letters, e.g. ETA, FYI, USA, FBI, 10 Ss make notes on three or more trends in the areas in the list
ATM. These are called initialisms.
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or using their own ideas, or a mix of the two. Monitor and help,
Some are just down to personal choice and can be said either writing any new vocabulary on the board.
ea
way, e.g. FAQ, ASAP. 11 9.8 Ss listen and answer the questions alone, then check
Answers: 1 clothes, hair and fashion (tattoos)
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2 one does, the other doesn’t 3 art and expressing individuality
check the notes with Ss. Elicit the first answer as an example.
Audioscript 9.8
on
answers in pairs. In feedback, elicit Ss’ answers. Ss can refer

to the notes to help them. A: There are two tattoo places that have opened near me in the last
couple of years and I was wondering whether they will survive.
Answers: B: I don’t see why not. I don’t think there’s going to be a decline in
1 1 a startup 2 microcredit 3 fanzine 4 schadenfreude people wanting them any time soon.
5 transitioning 6 flexitarian 7 upped 8 tzatziki A: So would you get one?
20
9 upskill 10 PB 11 mindful 12 tickbox exercise B: I’ve got one already!

A: Really?
B: Yeah, haven’t you seen it? It’s on my right shoulder.
8 Refer Ss to the words in the box and ask them to discuss the A: I can’t have – or I didn’t notice it.
23
question in pairs. Check answers with the class. B: It’s pretty big. It’s like a lion head – roaring. You haven’t got one then?
A: No, it’s not really my thing. It’s supposed to be really painful, isn’t it?
Answers: decline, dip, hike, plunge, slash, slip, slump, surge B: It is, it is!
A: Yeah – well that just puts me off. I just couldn’t face it.
9 Put Ss in pairs and ask them to discuss the questions and think B Fair enough.
A: So why do you think there’s been this sudden surge in tattoos? Why
of examples. Check answers with the class.
did it suddenly become a thing?
B: Personally speaking, I just think they look good. It’s art, isn’t it? And
it’s very individual. With clothes everybody wears the same fashion,
but you can’t mass-produce tattoos.
A: Yeah, I can see that. So would you have another one?
B: Yeah – maybe.
131
Speak
Unit 9
Audioscript 9.9
12 Go through the Useful phrases with the class, then put Ss in Conversation 1
groups to discuss recent trends. Monitor and make notes on Ss’ A: Gorgeous weather!
language use for later feedback. B: Yes. Turned out nice, hasn’t it? Needn’t have brought my umbrella.
13 Nominate a student from each group to choose the most A: I know. Wish I hadn’t worn this jacket.
significant trend in their group and share it with the class. Give Ss Conversation 2
feedback on their language use as a class. A: Hey, hello stranger!
B: Yeah, sorry I haven’t been in touch. Just been overwhelmed with stuff.
A: No worries! It’s good to hear from you. So, what’ve you been up to?
Reflection on learning B: Oh, all sorts. First, I’ve been mad busy with work.
S
Write the following questions on the board: Conversation 3

How confident do you feel describing trends in English? A: I don’t believe it!
am
What could you do to improve this? B: What’s up?

A: Oh, don’t ask!
B: That bad, is it?
3a Elicit the first answer as an example, then Ss match the rest of
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the headings with the phrases alone. Ask Ss to check answers in

Homework ideas
pairs, then check answers with the class.
e
Workbook: Ex 1–6, p70 Answers: 1 d 2 a 3 e 4 c 5 b 6 f

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b Ss discuss which phrases were used in pairs, then listen again

to check. Check answers with the class.
at
Answers:
1 Gorgeous weather! Turned out nice, hasn’t it?
2 Hello stranger! What’ve you been up to?
er
3 I don’t believe it! What’s up?
4 You could demonstrate the activity with a stronger student

ia
first. Put Ss in pairs to practise starting and continuing

conversations, using the phrases in the Useful phrases 1 box.
9D English in action When they have finished, ask for a couple of conversations in
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different open pairs.

5 9.10 Read the points with the class so Ss know what to
Introduction listen for. Play the recording for Ss to note the information alone,
The goal of this lesson is for Ss to manage informal conversations. then ask them to compare their notes in pairs. Play the recording
To help them achieve this, they will learn or revise phrases for again if necessary, then check answers with the class.
P
starting, maintaining and ending conversations. They also learn

Answers:
some colloquial and idiomatic language.
ea
1 They don’t know each other at all.

2 waiting for a train/on a train platform
Warm up 3 the weather and what they’re wearing/carrying as a result;
Write the following questions on the board: cancellations and the reasons for the problems with the
rs
Do you speak to people you don’t know when you’re out and trains; being polite and how the man was brought up
about? Why/Why not? Is this common in your country?
How do you feel when strangers speak to you? Audioscript 9.10
on
Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit Conversation 1
answers from a few pairs and have a brief class discussion. A: Gorgeous weather!
B: Yes. Turned out nice, hasn’t it? Needn’t have brought my umbrella.
A: I know. Wish I hadn’t worn this jacket.
Listening 1 B: Still, it’s probably a good job you did, what with the way the trains are.
20
I mean, you might need it later.

1 Focus attention on the photos and elicit what Ss can see. Ss
A: Tell me about it! There are so many cancellations at the moment.
discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit a Getting to work has been hell!
few Ss’ ideas and have a brief class discussion. B: Can’t blame ice or frozen tracks at this time of year, can they?
23
2 9.9 Ss listen to the start of three conversations and match A: Ha! No, guess not. I mean, I know they’ve got to upgrade the line and
each one with one of the functions alone, then check in pairs. that, but it’s not right it happens so often.
Check answers with the class. B: Not much sign of that yet.
A: Sorry … of what?
B: The upgrade.
Answers: 1 d 2 b (or possibly c: hello stranger!) 3 a A: Ah right. No. It’s supposed to be finished by the end of the year,
apparently.
B: I won’t hold my breath.
A: Too right. Oh! Hold on! Here it comes.
We never actually use the phrase Hello stranger with B: About time.
strangers. Instead, it’s an informal phrase we use with A: Yeah. Are you OK with that bag?
friends we haven’t seen for a while. B: Oh dear! Do I look that frail?
132
A: Not at all. Just being polite. S’how my mum brought me up. Listening 2
Unit 9
B: Well, she did a good job! I’ll be fine, though. Thanks anyway.
A: That’s OK. It was nice talking to you. 10 9.12 Ss listen to the two other conversations from Ex 2
B: You too. and make notes on the points given, then check in pairs. Check
6a Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Play the
recording again for Ss to check, then check answers with the class. Answers:
Conversation 2
Answers: 1 a good job 2 has been hell 3 Can’t blame ice a They’re old friends from uni.
4 Not much sign 5 I won’t hold 6 Oh! Hold on b work/restructuring, mum’s illness and recovery, friends
S
getting married, being a bridesmaid, a dress one of them had,

b In pairs, Ss discuss what each sentence in Ex 6a refers to. When an Iron Woman event, organising a meet-up
am
they have finished, check answers with the class. Conversation 3

a They work together in the same office.
Answers: b the workload the boss has left them and how to deal with it,
1 There have been lots of delays recently, so having a jacket the lack of a social life, organising an office outing
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may be good if you need to wait around for a train.

2 getting to work, because of all the delays and cancellations Audioscript 9.12
3 The train company can’t use bad weather as an excuse for
Conversation 2
e
the delays and cancellations.

A: Hey, hello stranger!
4 They’re promising an upgrade, but there’s no sign of it yet. B: Yeah, sorry I haven’t been in touch. Just been overwhelmed with stuff.
5 It’s not looking likely that the upgrade will be on time. A: No worries! It’s good to hear from you. So, what’ve you been up to?
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6 The train is (finally) arriving. B: Oh, all sorts. First, I’ve been mad busy with work. They had this big
restructuring, so …
A: Oh yeah, I think that was on the cards the last time we met. Was it a
at
Vocabulary nightmare?
B: Totally! I mean, I managed to avoid the chop, but now I’m doing the
Colloquial and idiomatic language job of two people.
7 Write this phrase from the listening in Ex 5 on the board: It’s A: Typical!
er
probably a good job you did. Ask Ss if they think a good job in B: Yeah. Anyway, so there’s that – and then my mum’s not been great.
this context means lucky or unlucky (lucky). Ss match the rest A: Oh no! How come?
B: Oh, I don’t really want to go in to it, to be honest.
of the idioms and their definitions alone, then check in pairs.
ia
A: Gosh, I’m sorry.

Check answers with the class and be prepared to give further
B: Yeah, anyway – the bottom line is she’s on the mend now.
explanations or examples if necessary. A: Phew. Well, send her my best.
B: Will do. She always asks after you.
l©
Answers: 1 b, i 2 j, g 3 d, a 4 e, c 5 h, f A: Aww. Well, touch wood, she continues on the right track. It must’ve
been tough on you as well, though. When my friend Cara had that
8 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit accident, I was in …
Ss’ answers and have a brief class discussion. B: Oh yeah … how is she?
A: Good, good. Her and Mike – you know Mike, yeah –
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B: Yeah
Teaching tip A: … well they’re actually tying the knot in February.
It can be useful for Ss to reflect on language items they’ve B: Oh cool! They’re so lovely.
ea
learnt and think about how useful and relevant they are to A: Yeah, and I’m going to be a bridesmaid!
them personally. It gives Ss ownership and control over their B: No way! You in a dress? That’ll be a first!
A: Not completely.
learning as well as helping them discriminate between passive
B: Really? I’m not talking about when you were five here!
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and active vocabulary for themselves. It’s also a student- A: No, but I used to have that orangey one I wore all the time. Do you
centred task which creates learner independence. remember? Back when we were in the first year.
B: Oh gosh! Yeah. I’m not sure that’s a good precedent.
A: Cheeky! It wasn’t that bad.
on
9a Ss read the information box then practise saying the

examples. Model them yourself if necessary. B: Hmm. Anyway, I’m sure you’ll look lovely.
A: Thank you.
b 9.11 Ss listen and write the phrases they hear, then check
B: But yeah, apart from work and mum I’ve also been trying to keep up
in pairs. Play the recording again if necessary, then elicit the with training.
sentences and write them on the board. Ss then discuss what the A: Is that for the triathlon you were planning on doing?
20
full grammatical sentences would be in pairs. Check answers with B: Oh, actually I did that in May. I’ve got my sights set on an Iron Woman
the class. event now.
A: Rather you than me! I don’t know how you manage it all.
B: Well, I haven’t been, really … which is why it’s been so long! I was
Answers:
23
actually phoning to try and meet up. Maybe get some of the other
1 ’s how my mum brought me up. = girls from uni out.
It’s how my mum brought me up.
2 You have anything in mind? = Do you have anything in mind?
3 If there’s anything I can do …
4 Just got an email … = I just got an email …
5 Don’t know how you manage it. =
I don’t know how you manage it.
c Ss practise saying the five phrases.
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Conversation 3 Speaking
Unit 9
A: I don’t believe it!

B: What’s up? 13 Ss choose four topics and make notes. Monitor and help with ideas
A: Oh, don’t ask! and vocabulary, writing any new words and phrases on the board.
B: That bad, is it?
A: Oh, I just got an email from the boss. Apparently, he wants all the 14a Ss practise their conversations in pairs or small groups,
stuff ready for tomorrow morning. trying to include phrases from the lesson. Monitor and make notes
B: No! on Ss’ language use for later feedback.
A: Yeah! He said he got the dates wrong, many apologies, he knows we b Rearrange Ss into new pairs or groups and ask them to repeat
can sort it, blah, blah, blah, … the activity using different topics and phrases. When they have
B: Unbelievable!
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finished, give Ss feedback on their language use as a class.

A: I know. That’s my evening done for!
B: What a pain!
am
A: Hey, it is what it is! Reflection on learning

B: Well, listen, if there’s anything I can do … Write the following questions on the board:
A: Actually, I tell you what you could do – start on this photocopying.
What were the most useful words and phrases you learnt in
B: Of course.
A: Oh, you’re a lifesaver! today’s class?
B: Don’t be silly. You’d do the same for me. What were you going to do How can you use these in the future?
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anyway? Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have

A: Tonight? Oh, nothing actually. My social life’s not exactly packed finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the
at the moment. Talking of which, I was saying to Tom we should
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organise something – a bit of an office outing somewhere.
B: I’d be up for that. You have anything in mind?
A: Not really – oh, hey, talk of the devil. Homework ideas
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C: Did I catch you talking about me again!

A: Ha! I was just saying that you and I had been talking about organising Reflection on learning: Write your answers.
a night out. Workbook: Ex 1–5, p71
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C: My vote’s for bowling. App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice

B: Really? Bowling – yawn!
C: You sure it’s not because you can’t stand losing? Roadmap video
A: Men! Why does everything end up becoming a competition?
er

C: It’s just a joke! What’s up with you, anyway?
A: The boss just said he needs all that stuff he asked us for tomorrow
morning.
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C: Seriously? He said Friday.

A: He did, but he was wrong.
C: Good grief! That’s my evening ruined.
A: Come on, your life is as dull as mine.
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C: True. Still, I’d rather be doing nothing in my own time, wouldn’t you? 9A Develop your listening
11 Read through the sentences and the phrases in the Useful

phrases 2 box with the class, then play the recording again for Introduction
Ss to listen and match. Stronger classes can see if they can
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Ss develop the listening skill of understanding panel interviews

remember the responses first and then listen and tick the ones by learning how to recognise when someone avoids answering a
that are used. Ask Ss to compare answers in pairs, then check question.
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answers with the class. You could ask Ss which phrase was used to
respond to each of the sentences. Warm up
Write three sentences on the board about yourself: one false and
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Answers: 1 Typical! 2 Phew! 3 No way!

4 Rather you than me! 5 What a pain! 6 Don’t be silly. two true. Encourage Ss to ask you questions to try and catch you
7 Seriously? 8 Good grief! out and find out which one is false. Ss then write their own three
sentences. Monitor and help with vocabulary if necessary. When
on
12a Ss match each sentence with two responses alone, then they have finished, put Ss in small groups to question each other
check in pairs. Check answers with the class. and try to guess which sentence is false.

Suggested answers:
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1 Seriously? / Typical! / What a pain!

2 9.3 Tell Ss they are going to hear the first half of a panel
2 Rather you than me. / Good stuff! / Nice one!
interview. Read the details with the class so they know what to
3 No worries. / Don’t be silly.
listen for. Ss listen and match the details with the people alone,
4 It’s a joke! / Typical! / Seriously? / No way! / Nice one!
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5 Good stuff! / Nice one! / Good grief! / Seriously? / No way!
6 Typical! / It’s a joke! / Talking of which …
Answers: 1 P 2 B 3 M 4 P 5 B 6 M
b Put Ss in pairs to practise starting and continuing conversations
using the sentences in Ex 12a and the phrases in the Useful Culture notes
phrases 2 box. Encourage Ss to continue each conversation by Panel interviews are when a group of experts in a particular field
making further responses. When they have finished, ask for a gather to discuss a topic in front of an audience. They are common
couple of conversations in different open pairs. at conferences, conventions and on TV shows. There is usually a
moderator to manage the conversation and take questions from
the audience.
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5a 9.4 Tell Ss they are going to hear the second part of the
Unit 9
Audioscript 9.3
panel interview. Read the sentences with the class and elicit Ss’
Host: So, with me, I’ve got three people who decided to quit social
ideas as to how they might finish. Ss listen and complete the
media: Maha Gamal who gave up social media and wrote a book
about it. Bahar Aksoy, who some of you will know has been in sentences alone.
the news recently, and journalist Pablo Molina. b Ss check in pairs. Check answers with the class and write them
First, Maha, let me get to the bottom of why you decided to stop. on the board (or invite Ss to do so).
Maha: Yeah, well, it’s really simple, actually. I was addicted. Every
moment I had, I checked social media. When I woke up, I checked Answers:
my phone. When I went to bed, I checked my phone. It was
1 drawing.
almost as though I couldn’t be alone any more. I couldn’t be
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bored. 2 create, not just consume.

Host: When did you realise you were addicted? 3 gives vague answers and changes the focus of the questions.
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Maha: Funnily enough it was when I got one of those reports that tell
you how many hours you spend a week on your phone. I was Audioscript 9.4
shocked, a bit tearful even.
Host: How many hours a week was it? Host: How much did you win?
Maha: Well, let’s just say it was more than it should be! Bahar: It wasn’t one of the really big wins, you know, it wasn’t millions,
Host: Twenty hours a week? but it was a substantial amount of money, enough to allow me
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Maha: I think what’s important is that I realised it was too much and I to give up work. But the point is, the fact that I suddenly had a
decided to stop, although it took a while to stop. bit of money created this really weird reaction in some people
Pablo: Yeah, I had the same. It took a long time to quit. I was in a kind of who started posting online really horrible stuff about me. Really
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blind panic for the first few days fearing that I was missing out horrible. I was lost for words.
on everything. Host: What kind of stuff?
Host: Pablo, why did you decide to quit? Bahar: It’s not really something that I want to go into, but let’s just
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Pablo: I think it was because I realised that I was really, really lonely and say it was unpleasant. I just couldn’t take it in. And it was really
that social media was making that feeling worse. I was starting surprising to me because I thought, hey, I’m the same person
to lose it a bit. now as I was before I won the money, but suddenly you hate me.
at
Host: And why were you so lonely? Why?

Pablo: It was to do with my home situation at the time. I don’t want Host: So what did you do?
to go into specifics, but it was a difficult period at home, but Bahar: I just quit my social media accounts. I deleted them all. I thought
what made it all worse was seeing these beautifully composed if this is what people are really like then I don’t want anything to
er
images of other people’s wonderful lives. You know, here’s a do with them.
photo of what I’m eating, here’s a photo of what I just bought, Host: What did you do once you quit?
here’s me on holiday – and at some point I realised you never Bahar: Well, when you stop using social media the first thing you feel is
get ‘Here’s me feeling lonely’, ‘Here’s me looking awful because alone, really just … alone, and bored, and being alone and bored
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I have flu’, all that kind of stuff. You know, the other side of the can be quite uncomfortable, it can be … well, lonely and boring
story. and my generation, we’re just not used to those feelings. We
Host: Bahar, you saw the nasty side of social media didn’t you and that barely know what it’s like to have nothing to do because we’ve
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was why you decided to stop? always got social media to entertain us and …
Bahar: That’s right. I was a real addict for, well, for all of my adult life Host: Did you find that you … ?
really and then I, I won some money on the lottery … Bahar: Sorry, hang on … can I just finish because this is really important
Host: How much did you win? for me: what I realised is that it’s really important to experience
Bahar: It wasn’t one of the really big wins, you know, it wasn’t millions, being bored because out of that boredom comes something
but it was a substantial amount of money, enough to allow me new.
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to give up work. But the point is, the fact that I suddenly had a Host: What was that?
bit of money created this really weird reaction in some people Bahar: Well, I remembered what I used to do before social media. I used
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who started posting online really horrible stuff about me. Really to draw, so I found a sketch pad and some pencils and started
horrible. I was lost for words. drawing again.
Host: And did you enjoy it?
Bahar: I loved it because I was creating instead of consuming and I think
3 Give Ss a few minutes to read the Focus box and answer any humans need to create. If we just consume, we very quickly
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questions they have. Ss read the Focus box. Play the recording become bored … and boring. You’ve got to create as well as
again for Ss to listen and match the strategies with the people consume in order to be fully satisfied as a person.
alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class. Host: Now, I’ve also got one more person I want to bring into this
on
discussion, Tim Meadows, CEO of popular social media app

Gobby. Tim, what do you think about what you’ve heard so far?
Answers:
Tim: Well, obviously I’m deeply sympathetic to what these people
Maha gives a vague answer (Let’s just say it was more than …) have experienced and, I mean, at Gobby we absolutely don’t
and she changes the focus of the question (I think what’s want to make people addicted. Our aim is to connect people,
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important is …) to bring people together …

Pablo says politely that he doesn’t want to answer (I don’t want Host: But you do that by trying to keep them online and on your app
to go into specifics but …) as long as possible.
Tim: We don’t aim to keep people online as long as possible. We …
Bahar gives a vague answer and then changes the focus of the
Host: How long does the average user spend on your app per week.
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question (It wasn’t one of the really big wins … But the point is)
Tim: Well, … er … that’s up to them but what I think is important is
that …
4 Ss read the conversations and decide which of the strategies Host: But the average person, how long does the average person
in the Focus box Speaker B uses alone, then check in pairs. Check spend on your app per week?
answers with the class. Tim: Look, what I think is important here is that we recognise that it’s
possible for people to get addicted to anything. I mean …
Answers: Host: Are you not going to answer my question?
Tim: I’m answering your question. At Gobby we recommend that
1 vague answer 2 changing focus 3 vague answer
everyone use the app responsibly and we have no interest in
4 polite refusal 5 polite refusal 6 changing focus people becoming addicted to our service. You know, it’s typical …
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6 Ss listen again and decide if the statements are true, false or 4 Give Ss a few minutes to read the Focus box and answer any
Unit 9
not mentioned, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class questions they have, then ask them to find the two examples in
and ask Ss to explain their answers. the story.
Answers: Answers:
1 NM (It wasn’t millions – means the exact number is unclear) Moving slowly and calmly, Robyn picked up the store
2 F (She decided to quit all her social media accounts.) microphone on the cashier’s desk …
3 T (We barely know what it’s like to have nothing to do) Picking up the nearest shoe she could find, Robyn threw it at
4 NM the man.
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5 NM (He is the CEO, but how long he has been CEO is not
mentioned.) 5a Read the first sentence with the class and elicit the answer
6 F (He says he feels sympathetic rather than responsible.) as an example. Ask Ss to read the rest of the sentences and
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answer the question alone, then check in pairs. Check answers

7 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit with the class.
Ss’ ideas and have a brief class discussion.
Answers: 1 R 2 T 3 T 4 R 5 R 6 T 7 T 8 R
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Homework ideas
Workbook: Ex 1–3, p74 b Ask Ss to rewrite the sentences alone, then check in pairs.
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Answers:
1 Because I was a poor athlete, I was always the last one
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picked for the team.

2 When she entered the room, she fixed me with a long cool
9B Develop your writing stare.
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3 While he was looking out of the window, he thought of the

life he’d left behind.
Introduction 4 Because I didn’t have a key, I was forced to climb in through
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Ss develop the skill of writing a narrative by learning how to link the kitchen window.
two actions together. 5 Because I was the youngest of three, I was picked on
mercilessly.
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6 While I was sitting on the porch, I noticed the birds in the

Warm up
garden had fallen silent.
Write the following questions on the board: 7 When I arrived at your door, I felt my heart begin to race.
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What kind of stories do you like reading? Why? 8 Because she knew his temper, she avoided him whenever
Are there any kinds of stories you don’t like reading? Why not? possible.
How do you read stories – on a screen or in print? Which do you
prefer? 6 Read the example with the class and ask Ss to rewrite the rest
Ss discuss the questions in pairs. of the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with
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the class and write them on the board (or invite Ss to do so).
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Ss’ answers and have a brief class discussion. Answers:

2a Tell the class they’re going to read a short story about a 1 Looking out of the window, he saw someone creeping around
woman called Robyn. Ask Ss to read the first paragraph only, then in the darkness.
elicit why they think she screamed at a man in a shopping mall. 2 Realising she was late, she started to run.
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b Ss read the rest of the story to check their ideas and answer 3 Being a smooth talker, he loved the chance to meet new
the questions. Ask Ss to compare answers in pairs, then check people.
answers with the class. 4 Being demanding parents, they didn’t like it when their son
on
failed one of his exams.

Answers: 5 Listening to his story, I began to feel that something was
1 as quiet and shy wrong.
2 They were surprised and amazed. 6 Not knowing what to do, she decided to call her friend who
3 when she was helping him stand up lived next door.
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4 She tracked her phone using an app on her mother’s phone.

7 Ask Ss to put the lines of the story in the correct order alone,
3a Ss complete the story with the sentences alone, then check in then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
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Answers: 1 A 2 D 3 F 4 B 5 E 6 H 7 C 8 G
Answers: 1 b 2 d 3 c 4 a
Prepare
b Discuss the question as a class, feeding in the information 8a Give Ss a few minutes to read and choose their story
below. beginning or think of their own idea.
b Ss make notes on what happened before and after the climax.
Answers:
Monitor and help with vocabulary and ideas, writing any new
The information on feelings makes the story more engaging and
words and phrases on the board.
enjoyable because we learn more about the characters. Without
character information, stories become flat and boring.
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Write 4 Ss change the sentences if necessary alone, then check in pairs.
Unit 9
9a Go through the points in the checklist with the class. Ss use Check answers with the class.
this and their notes to write the first draft of their story.
Answers:
b Put Ss in pairs to read each other’s stories and make notes on
1 not accurate: is the most complicated thing is one of the most
them. When they have finished, ask Ss to come together again and
complicated things
give each other feedback and suggestions.
2 accurate
10 Ss use their partner’s feedback to write a second draft. If
3 not accurate: easy to learn easier to learn.
you’re short of time they could do this for homework.
4 not accurate: means twelve extra weeks
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Homework ideas 5 accurate

6 not accurate: It is possible that only 10% of the world’s
Ex 10: Write a second draft of your story. languages will survive
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5 Ss choose the correct options alone, then check in pairs. Check
answers with the class, explaining the answers to questions 2
and 4 if necessary.
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Answers:
9C Develop your reading 1 a
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2 c (because we don’t know which language Finnish people find

it easier to learn, only that they find Hungarian easier to learn
Introduction than a native Spanish speaker would)
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3 b
Ss develop the reading skill of comparing a text and its summary
4 a (How people see the world is affected by language but
by learning how to critically evaluate a summary.
doesn’t cause languages to die out.)
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Warm up 6 Ss find the words and phrases in the text that express the same
Ask Ss if they can count to ten in any other languages than their ideas as those given alone, then check in pairs. Check answers
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first and English. Ss who can, demonstrate to the class. with the class.
Answers: 1 split second 2 No wonder 3 onset of

1a Ss discuss the question in pairs. When they have finished,
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4 naturally 5 widely spoken 6 plunged 7 die out

check answers with the class.

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Answers:
(shukraan) = Arabic;
obrigado = Portuguese; Homework ideas
(xièxiè) = Mandarin Chinese;
merci = French; Workbook: Ex 1–5, pp.72–73
danke = German;
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(spasiba) = Russian;
tesekkürler = Turkish;
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(arigatō) = Japanese;
dziękuję = Polish;
grazie = Italian
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b Discuss the question as a class and tell Ss any other languages

you know how to say thank you in.
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c Ss make a list of benefits in pairs. When they have finished,

elicit answers from each pair and find out if others agree.
2 Tell the class they’re going to read an article and a summary of
the article which has some errors. Ss read both texts and find four
things which are incorrect in the summary alone, then check in
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pairs. Don’t give any answers yet.

3 Ss read the Focus box and check their answers. In feedback,
answer any questions the Ss have about the Focus box.
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Answers:
Speaking a foreign language is the most difficult thing the
human mind can do, however it has many benefits and it can
actually cure dementia. The FSI, an US organisation, grades
languages from one to five. Everyone will struggle to learn a
category five language. Some languages, such as Tuyuca or
Xhosa, are difficult because of their unusual grammar or
sounds. Unfortunately, 90% of languages will die out by the
end of the century.
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10A Eureka!
10 OVERVIEW
Introduction
The goal of this lesson is for students to report on and discuss
science. To help them achieve this, they will learn or revise
prepositions and vocabulary related to science.
10A Eureka!
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Goal | report on and discuss science

Grammar | prepositions 2 Warm up
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Vocabulary | science Ask Ss what they think has been the most significant invention
GSE learning objective in the last five years and why they think it’s significant. Give them
Can comment on and discuss a linguistically complex text
a few minutes to think of their ideas, then put them in pairs to
10B A great read discuss. When they have finished, elicit a few ideas and find out if
Goal | describe books others agree.
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Grammar | linking words and phrases

Vocabulary | book reviews
Grammar
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Can talk in detail about choices that have been significant or Prepositions 2
life changing, using linguistically complex language 1 Focus attention on the photos and ask Ss to discuss the
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10C A good laugh questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ answers and
Goal | tell jokes have a brief class discussion.
Language focus | puns 2 10.1 Ss listen to the conversation and choose the best
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Vocabulary | talking about humour summary alone, then check in pairs. Check the answer with
GSE learning objective the class.
Can tell a detailed anecdote using linguistically complex
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language Answer: Summary 4

Check and reflect
Review exercises and communicative activities to practise the Audioscript 10.1
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grammar and vocabulary from Units 9 and 10. A: What does your mum do?
Roadmap video B: She’s a physicist.
A: Really? Wow! That’s impressive!
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B: Yeah. I guess. Although as far as I can tell, she spends most of her
time in a lab doing the same thing over and over.
VOCABULARY BANK A: What field of physics does she work in?
B: It’s something to do with electricity. She has tried to explain it to me,
10B Adjectives but to be honest, it usually goes over my head.
A: It’s not something you’ve ever been interested in doing?
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10C Expressions with get

B: Yeah … no … oh, it’s tricky. I was kind of into science at school initially.
I guess because of mum, but there came a point when my grades
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DEVELOP YOUR SKILLS started falling.

A: Despite having your mum there to help you?
10A Develop your writing B: Yeah, well, that’s the thing. She did try! I just found her no good at
Goal | write a biography explaining things. To be fair, I’m not exactly patient myself either and,
Focus | using a range of idiomatic phrases
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you know, I’d get frustrated and it’d often end up in an argument so
GSE learning objective it became something we just avoided and I guess that’s why I went
Can use a range of idiomatic phrases as part of a structured text down a different track.
A: Shame.
on
10B Develop your reading B: Plus, there were other subjects I was just better at.
Goal | understand linguistically complex texts A: Was that a bit of a disappointment to her then?
Focus | recognising small details that change meaning B: Ach! I guess there is a small part of her that’s a bit sad. She used to
GSE learning objective make the odd comment, but you know, it wasn’t something she went
Can infer meaning in a linguistically complex academic text on about. In the end, she’s more concerned that I find something I’m
20
happy with. She is my mum after all!

10C Develop your listening A: And have you?
Goal | follow a conversation between two fluent speakers B: Let’s just say it’s a work in progress.
Focus | improving listening skills
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GSE learning objective 3a Explain that one preposition is missing from each of the
Can follow an animated conversation between two fluent extracts. Put Ss in pairs to complete the extracts, but don’t give
speakers
any answers yet. With weaker classes, you could write the
missing prepositions on the board for Ss to choose from.
b Ss listen again and check their answers. Check answers with
the class.
138
Unit 10
Answers: Teaching tip
1 What field of physics does she work in? Prepositions are notoriously difficult for Ss to remember and
2 … but to be honest, it usually goes over my head. use correctly. It’s a good idea to keep a notebook with common
3 It’s not something you’ve ever been interested in doing? errors your Ss make with prepositions as you hear them. You
4 Despite having your mum there to help you? can then revisit these frequently, for example when you have a
5 … you know, I’d get frustrated and it’d often end up in an few minutes at the end or start of class, writing them on the
argument … board for Ss to correct.
6 Plus, there were other subjects I was just better at.
7 She used to make the odd comment, but you know, it wasn’t b Ss discuss the questions in Ex 6a in pairs. When they have
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something she went on about. finished, elicit answers from a few Ss and have a brief class
8 In the end, she’s more concerned that I find something I’m discussion.
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happy with.
Further practice
4 Give Ss plenty of time to read the grammar box and choose the Photocopiable activities: 10A Grammar 1, p234;
correct alternatives. Check answers with the class and answer any
10A Grammar 2, p235
questions Ss have.
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Answers: 1 -ing form 2 at the end of the clause 3 never

Reading
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Grammar checkpoint
7a Focus attention on the title of the article, then put Ss in
There are over a hundred prepositions in English. Most are pairs to discuss the questions. Elicit their ideas when they have
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single words, but some phrases act like prepositions, too, finished.
e.g. because of, up to, due to, such as, apart from and as
b Ss read the article quickly to find the information alone, then
well as. Some words which are prepositions can also work
at

as conjunctions (e.g. after, as, before, since) or adverbs (e.g.
outside, inside and opposite), depending on the sentence.
Answers:
Compare The cat’s outside the house (preposition) and The
er
1 They’re awards for scientific research that makes you laugh

cat’s outside (adverb). Encourage Ss to notice and record
and think.
prepositions as part of whole phrases. This will take Ss’ focus
2 The name comes from the adjective ignoble – meaning
away from the literal meaning of the prepositions and help
something that should make you feel ashamed – and the
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them recall the phrases more easily later.

Nobel prize.
3 He won a Nobel prize for discovering graphene but started
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LANGUAGE BANK 10A pp.154–155 with a frog floating in the air – which won an Ig Noble Award
Stronger classes could read the notes at home. Otherwise, (Can you levitate a frog in a magnetic field?).
check the notes with Ss, especially the formal use of
prepositions in questions. In each exercise, elicit the first 8 Ss read the article again more carefully and make notes on each
answer as an example. Ss work alone to complete the of the things in the box. When they are ready, put Ss in pairs to
compare their notes, then check answers with the class.
P

Answers:
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notes to help them.

Research into all the things the box was done by past winners of
Answers: Ig Nobel Awards.
1 1 for 2 of 3 in 4 to 5 from 6 out 7 except ears: The research into whether old men have big ears helped
2 1 pass out 2 get over 3 came across 4 comes up with
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get doctors involved in research.

5 looked after 6 keep up with 7 run out of 8 take after saliva: They found out that human saliva is a good cleaning
agent and found the chemical that makes it so.
on
5a 10.2 Ss listen and pay attention to how the prepositions frog: They found out that you can levitate a frog in a
are reduced or not fully stressed. gravitational field.
b Play the recording again for Ss to listen and repeat. graphene: The person who did the frog research also
6a Clarify that there are two sentences in question 1 and that discovered graphene, which is a material only one atom thick but
each sentence contains one mistake. Ss read and correct the stronger than diamond. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery.
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sentences alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the

class. 9 Give Ss a few minutes to read the statements, deciding if they
agree or disagree with them and making notes of their reasons.
Answers: When they are ready, put Ss in pairs to discuss their opinions.
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1 Do you know for what Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize for? Afterwards, elicit a few Ss’ opinions and have a brief class
Do you know of any other Nobel winners? discussion.
2 About what was the last science programme you saw about?
3 Are you keen on science fiction?
4 Could you ever get used to work working in a lab all day?
5 Do people think highly of scientists in your country?
6 What scientific things would you like to know more about,
if you had time to look them into into them?
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Vocabulary
Unit 10
Science
10B A great read
10 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Clarify
that in some cases the form may not need to change. Check
answers with the class and answer any questions Ss have about Introduction
the meanings of the words. The goal of this lesson is for students to describe books. To help
them achieve this, they will learn or revise linking words and
Answers: 1 physicist 2 experimental 3 theoretically phrases and vocabulary related to book reviews.
4 genetic 5 reliable 6 statistical 7 trialling 8 random
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9 proof 10 classify 11 invalid 12 simulation

Warm up
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11 Ss discuss the questions in small groups. When they have Write the following statements on the board:
finished, nominate a student from each group to share their Book versions are always better than film versions.
answers with the class. People read less these days.
Print versions of books will eventually become obsolete.
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Put Ss in small groups to discuss each statement. In feedback, ask

Allocate each question to a group of Ss. Ask each group to do some which statements they agree with, if any, and why/why not.
online research about their question then report their findings
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back to the class with short presentations. Reading

Further practice 1a Ss read the sentences and choose the alternatives which are
M
Photocopiable activities: 10A Vocabulary, p236 true for them. Monitor and be on hand to answer any questions
App: 10A Vocabulary practice 1 and 2 about the vocabulary.
b Put Ss in small groups to compare their choices, giving reasons
at
and further information where possible. In feedback, nominate Ss

Speaking to share different answers with the class and find out who agrees.
2a Ss read the article, then summarise the main idea in one
er
Prepare
sentence.
12 Put Ss in A/B pairs and direct them to the relevant pages. Ss
read their information, discuss the questions and each choose one b When they have finished, put Ss in pairs to compare their
summary sentences, then check ideas with the class.
ia
Ig Nobel Award question to talk about.
Speak Suggested answer:

Despite parents’ concerns, young people are actually reading
l©
13a Go through the Useful phrases with the class, then put Ss in
small groups to share their information and discuss the Ig Nobel more than in the past (because more young people stay longer
Awards they chose. Monitor and make notes on Ss’ language use in education as well as reading a lot on the internet).
for later feedback.
b Discuss this question as a class, based on Ss’ group discussions.
P
At the end, give Ss feedback on their language use as a class.
Answers:
ea
Reflection on learning 1 Older people think that this existed before the age of the
Write the following questions on the board: internet.
Do you think your understanding of prepositions has 2 It’s an example of how young people in fact may be reading
improved today? rather than just looking at a phone.
rs
What do you think helped the most? 3 It’s a contrast to the reality that young people actually read
Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have more than their parents currently do and did when they
finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the were younger.
on
class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not. 4 It’s a reason for higher levels of reading because more young
people are involved in these areas.
Homework ideas 5 It’s a reason that print is still more popular – it’s easier to
write on, highlight and share.
Language bank: 10A Ex 1–2, pp.155
20
Workbook: Ex 1–4, p76 4 Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished,
App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice elicit their answers and have a brief class discussion.
23

140
Grammar 9a You could demonstrate by sharing some of your own answers
Unit 10
with the class first. Ss complete the sentences so they’re true for
Linking words and phrases them. Monitor and help if necessary, writing any new vocabulary
5a Focus attention on the article and point out the linking words on the board.
and phrases in bold. Ss change them for the words in the box
alone, then check in pairs. Monitor and offer help if necessary. Optional alternative activity
b Ss compare answers in pairs. When they have finished, check Divide the board into three sections and write one of the following
answers with the class. at the top of each section: authors, books, literary genres. Give Ss
a few minutes to brainstorm items for each section in pairs, then
Answers: 1 as a result of 2 while
S
elicit and write them on the board. Ss can then use these as ideas
3 if (sentences) don’t (come) 4 on top of that 5 As such for Ex 9 and Ex 10.
6 due to 7 then 8 nevertheless
am
b Ss compare their ideas in pairs. In feedback, ask each pair if they

6 Ss complete the grammar box alone, then check in pairs. Check
had any answers in common.
Further practice
pl
Answers:
contrast: whereas, while, nevertheless, nonetheless
10B Grammar 2, p238
condition: if … don’t, unless
e
time/order: then, subsequently

addition: on top of that, what’s more
cause: on account of, as a result of, down to, due to
Vocabulary
M
result/purpose: consequently, as such

Book reviews
10 Put Ss in pairs to discuss the meanings of the words in bold.
at

Monitor and to help if necessary. When they are ready, focus
attention on the book covers, then ask Ss to discuss the questions
check the notes with Ss. In each exercise, elicit the first
in pairs. When they have finished, ask a few Ss to share their ideas
er
answer as an example. Ss work alone to complete the

with the class and have a brief class discussion.
11a Ss complete the reviews alone, then check in pairs. Check
ia
notes to help them.
Answers: Answers: 1 protagonist 2 gripping 3 controversial

1 1 a due to b However c Furthermore 4 descriptive 5 twist 6 Set 7 masterpiece 8 narrator
l©
2 a Following b Even though 9 disturbing 10 portrait

3 a both b because
c On top of that (Moreover is also possible grammatically b Discuss the question as a class, eliciting Ss’ preferences and
but it’s too formal here) reasons.
2 1 so as to protect his children
P
2 As well as being a really funny woman, Culture notes

3 he was married; subsequently I found out (that) he had been Yann Martel was born on 25 June 1963 in Spain, though he’s a
ea
lying / I found out subsequently (that) he had been lying Canadian writer. His other books include The High Mountains of
4 my keys so long as you aren’t coming back after me Portugal, Beatrice and Virgil and Self. He has won several awards,
5 to lock the door. All the same he left it wide open / including the 2001 Hugh Maclennan Prize for Fiction and the 2002
to lock the door but he left it wide open all the same Asian/Pacific American Award for Literature.
rs
Anne Enright was born on 11 October 1962 and is Irish. Her other
7a Ss listen to the statements and write them down,
10.3 books include The Wig My Father Wore, What are you like? and
on
paying attention to the consonant-vowel linking. The Pleasure of Eliza Lynch. Her fourth novel, The Gathering, won
her the Booker Prize in 2007.
Answers:
1 I bought it on account of the cover.
2 It’s unusual and consequently didn’t sell well.
20
3 It’s a long read, but nevertheless, it’s well worth it.

4 It’s long and slow, but in spite of all that, I enjoyed it.
5 It’s a good read, so long as you like history.
6 I’ll lend it to you as soon as I’ve finished it.
23
b Ss compare what they have written in pairs. Play the recording

again if necessary, then check answers with the class. Play the
recording again for Ss to listen and repeat.
Answers: 1 whether 2 not to mention 3 As such

4 All the same 5 in order to 6 thanks to 7 Otherwise
8 subsequently
141
Unit 10
VOCABULARY BANK 10B p165 Audioscript 10.4
Adjectives A: Have you ever read The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho?

B: Erm, I’m not sure. Is he the Brazilian guy?
A: Yeah, that’s him.
vocabulary section.
B: Yeah. I have read something by him, then, but I don’t think it was that
1 Ss complete the table alone, then check in pairs. Check one. When was it first published?
answers with the class and check understanding if necessary. A: I’m not completely sure, to be honest, but quite a long time ago.
Maybe 25 or 30 years ago. I read it during the holidays one summer
Answers: when I was about 17 or 18, and it was weird, really, because, you
Books: descriptive, mainstream, autobiographical, fictional know, everybody says it’s a complete masterpiece, but it didn’t really
S
Weather: frosty, harsh, chilly, humid do much for me.

Appearance: chic, filthy, curly, tanned B: What’s the basic plot? Can you remember?
am
Personality and traits: sharp, dim, committed, naïve A: Yeah. The protagonist is this young guy who looks after sheep in the
south of Spain somewhere and he keeps having this dream about
2 Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. finding hidden treasure under the Pyramids – it’s set some time in
Check answers with the class. the distant past – and then he sets off in search of his dreams.
B: Right.
Answers: A: Yeah! I mean, don’t get me wrong, it’s well written and he does use
pl
1 curly some lovely descriptive language, but on the other hand, the whole
2 sharp story is kind of crazy. The basic message seems to be if you dream it,
it will come to you.
3 humid
e
B: If only life were that simple!

4 descriptive A: Exactly!
5 tanned B: Still, it sounds curious and I do like a novel with a message – I’ll put it
M
6 fictional on the list!

7 chilly
8 filthy
at
9 autobiographical Speak
10 naïve (dim is also possible) 14a Ss discuss the two books they each chose in pairs. Monitor
11 harsh and make notes on Ss’ language use for later feedback.
er
12 dim
3 Ss discuss their own experiences in pairs. When they have
finished, ask a few Ss to share something interesting they You could feed in some useful follow-up questions for Ss to ask
ia
found out about their partner with the class. each other:
When did you first read it? When/Where is it set?
What’s the basic plot? What is it that you most like about it?
l©
Further practice
When was it first published? Was it a bestseller?
App: 10B Vocabulary practice 1 and 2 b Ask pairs to choose which book they think might be most
interesting for other Ss, then share it with the class. Encourage
other Ss to ask questions to find out more information. When they
P
Speaking have finished, give Ss feedback on their language use as a class.

Prepare
ea
12 Ss choose two of the topics and make notes on them. Monitor Reflection on learning
and help with ideas and vocabulary if necessary, writing any new Write the following questions on the board:
words and phrases on the board. What was the most useful language you learnt today?
rs
13 10.4 Ss listen to the conversation and note down the How will you use it in the future?
information alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class. Are you going to read any of the books discussed in today’s
lesson?
on
Answers: Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have

The topic is ‘a book you think is overrated’. finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the
1 The Alchemist class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not.
2 no
3 She thinks it’s well written and descriptive but doesn’t like
20
Homework ideas
the plot which she thinks is a bit crazy and unrealistic.
23

142
Unit 10
10C A good laugh Expressions with get
vocabulary section.
Introduction 1 Ss match the expressions with the meanings alone, then
The goal of this lesson is for students to tell jokes. To help them check in pairs. Check answers with the class and check
achieve this, they will learn or revise puns and vocabulary for understanding if necessary.
talking about humour.
Answers:
S
1 g 2 j 3 a 4 b 5 h 6 f 7 i 8 e 9 d 10 c
Warm up
2a Ss add the missing words alone, then check in pairs.
am
Tell the class the following joke (and/or your own): What’s the
longest word in English? Smiles, because there’s a mile between
the first and last letters. Ask if Ss know any jokes in English, and if Answers:
they do, to share them with the class. 1 side 2 nerves 3 system 4 edgeways 5 life
pl
b Read the example with the class, then ask Ss to finish the
Vocabulary sentences in Ex 2a with their own ideas alone. Monitor and
Talking about humour help with ideas and vocabulary if necessary, writing any new
e
words and phrases on the board. Ss share their ideas in pairs.

1 Give Ss a few minutes to think of their answers, then put them
in pairs to share them. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ answers
Further practice
M
and have a brief class discussion.

2 Ss complete the definitions alone, then check in pairs. Check Photocopiable activities: 10C Vocabulary, p242
answers with the class and answer any questions Ss have about App: 10C Vocabulary practice 1 and 2
at
the vocabulary.
Answers: 1 Irony 2 Slapstick 3 Black 4 practical Listening

er
5 A stereotype 6 Satire 7 a straight face 8 dry 9 A pun

5a Discuss the questions as a class and write Ss’ answers on
10 witty 11 get it; get it
the board.
b 10.5 Ss listen to the radio programme and answer the
ia

questions alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class
Ss spend two minutes trying to remember all the words in the box. and refer back to the answers on the board from Ex 5a to see if
Put Ss in pairs and ask one to close their book, while the other
l©
any of them were mentioned.

reads out the definitions in random order to test their partner.
Answers:
3a Focus attention on the pictures. Ss match the pictures with 1 There are lots of different theories to explain why we laugh,
the types of humour alone, then check in pairs. Check answers but slapstick seems to be universal. We laugh at practical
with the class. jokes and other’s misfortunes.
P
2 There are differences between cultures. For instance, people

Answers: 1 A 2 E 3 B 4 C 5 D from the UK like dry humour more than people from the US.
ea
And while things like puns are universal, they obviously

b Ss discuss which joke they like the best. When they have don’t translate. However, everyone does seem to use puns
finished, have a class vote on the best joke. and irony.
rs
4 Read the list and the example with the class, then give Ss a few
minutes to think of their answers and make notes if they want to. Audioscript 10.5
Ss talk about some of the points in pairs or small groups. When
Presenter: Hi there. Welcome to Mind Games. Today, we’re talking
on
they have finished, ask a few Ss to share anything interesting funny. What makes people laugh? How far does humour
about their partner or group with the class. differ between countries or is it universal? Here to discuss
all of this and more is Professor Thomas, who specialises in
the study of humour, and German comedian Gerd Mueller.
So, if we go by what I see on my travels, I’d say one thing
20
that unites us is slapstick. There are things like Mr. Bean

and the Canadian programme Just for Laughs, where they
play practical jokes on people, and that’s shown in over a
hundred countries and over 150 airlines include it as part of
their in-flight entertainment.
23
PT: Yeah, I think there is something in that theory. Clowning

of some kind or another seems to be common to most
cultures.
GM: Well, my girlfriend certainly always laughs when she sees
me trip up.
Presenter: So long as you don’t hurt yourself, I guess.
GM: No. Sometimes even then!
PT: Just for Laughs and Mr. Bean also have the advantage of
not having language issues, so they travel well. When
it comes to films, most don’t work well outside of their
countries of origin.
143
GM: What about films like Home Alone? That was massive when Language focus
Unit 10
I was a kid.
PT: OK. There are Hollywood comedies that do well, but it Puns
doesn’t seem to be the same for films from other countries. 7a Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished,
I mean, take China’s top comedy Qian Ren 3 – apologies if
elicit Ss’ answers and have a class discussion, but don’t explain the
I’m not pronouncing it right. It took 308 million dollars at
the box office, but only one million of that was joke yet.
international sales. b Ss read the language focus box and check the meaning of the
Presenter: I suppose translation becomes an issue and maybe there joke. Discuss the joke as a class and ask if Ss find it funny.
are cultural references.
PT: Exactly – word play is particularly difficult. Take this joke
S

from Japan: Translated into English it goes: What’s a panda’s
favourite food? Stronger classes could read the notes at home. Otherwise,
am
Presenter: I don’t know. What is a panda’s favourite food? check the notes with Ss, especially the difference between
PT: It’s bread! Get it? homographs and homophones. In each exercise, elicit the
Presenter: Err no. first answer as an example. Ss work alone to complete the
PT: So, in Japanese it’s a pun – ‘pan da’ literally means ‘bread it is’. exercises, then check their answers in pairs. In feedback,
Presenter: Yeah. OK. You’ve actually just reminded me: my friend, Liam,
elicit Ss’ answers. Ss can refer to the notes to help them.
who’s just starting out as a stand-up … and who’s clearly
pl
never going to be big in other countries. I mean, the last Answers:

gig I saw, he started by saying ‘I burnt 2000 calories this
1 1d 2f 3a 4b 5c 6e
afternoon … That’s the last time I leave chocolate brownies
e
2 1 kid napping (= child having a little sleep)

in the oven while I have a little sleep.’ Ba-boom!
GM: Ha ha! Very good. 2 all the sand which is there
Presenter: Yeah. He’s quick – sometimes even too quick for me and, 3 how dare he! 4 alone 5 raw
M
you know, of course you can explain things, but that just
kills the joke. 8a 10.6 Ss listen and write the words they hear, then check in
GM: Yeah, I guess it’d be the same with my material. I mean,
pairs. Elicit answers from the class and write them on one side of
at
some of it relies on the stereotypes we have of people from

different regions or the characters of people in the public the board but don’t confirm answers yet.
eye or news stories, you know. Audioscript 10.6
PT: Yeah – that kind of thing can be very difficult to translate.
er
Presenter: But does that mean you can say it’s a national sense of 1 an app
humour? I mean, I know some jokes get lost in translation, 2 figs
but are they really different? We all do puns or irony or 3 ice cream
ia
whatever. 4 the sky

PT: Yes. So, they have done studies which, for example, show
that people from the UK like dry humour more than people
b 10.7 Ss listen and write the sentences, then check in pairs.
from the US …
l©
Presenter: OK – but that still means some people in every country Check answers with the class and write them next to the words
laugh at dry humour. from Ex 8a.
PT: That’s true. From that point of view, humour is universal.
Individually, we may laugh at different things, but everyone Answers:
does laugh. 1 I usually have a nap in the afternoon.
P
Presenter: And why is that?

2 I need to fix my car.
PT: Well, philosophers have been discussing that since the time
3 I screamed when I saw it.
of Plato.
ea
Presenter: And what have they decided? 4 This guy came up to me.
PT: Well, there are about 15 competing theories at the moment,
so I guess you could say that they’re still discussing it! c Ss discuss the questions in pairs, then share their answers with
Presenter: 15? Such as? the class.
rs
PT: Well there’s the ontic-epistemic theory or computational-

neural theory …
GM: … they sound like good ways to kill any laughter in the room.
PT: They’re actually quite interesting. Sometimes with similar-sounding phrases in fast speech it’s
on
Presenter: But, sadly, we’re out of time … . only possible to decipher what the speaker says by use of
the context. For example:
6 Ss discuss the significance of items 1–6 in pairs. Play the recording I know where he lives – it’s nowhere near here.
again for Ss to check their answers, then check answers with the I’ve got to go – I’ve got a meeting!
20
class. Ask Ss if they agree with the points made in the interview. She wanted extra butter, but her mother said no!
Let us eat lettuce!
Answers:
1 an example of slapstick humour that’s popular around the
23
world
2 an example of a comedy film (Chinese) that didn’t do well
abroad
3 an example of a pun that doesn’t translate (from Japanese
to English)
4 examples of things that can be hard to translate or of how
localised humour often is
5 an example to show how long we’ve been discussing why
people laugh
6 an example of one theory to explain why we laugh
144
9a Ss read the jokes, then try to explain them in pairs. Tell Ss
Unit 10
Homework ideas
to focus on the double meanings of the underlined parts to help
Language bank: 10C Ex 1–2, p155
them. Check answers with the class.
Answers:
1 Tank is the glass box fish live in but it’s also a military vehicle.
2 Flexible means how much you can move your body in
different directions or it can mean able to make changes and Fast route: continue to Check and reflect: Units 9–10
adapt to situations. Extended route: go to p95 for Develop your listening
S
3 Sitting in traffic has an idiomatic meaning, where it means

sitting in your car stuck in traffic, but the literal meaning is
used here.
am
4 Give me a lift means drive somebody somewhere or it can mean

to say something nice to someone to make them feel better.
5 A complex is a group of buildings all built together or it can
mean an emotional problem caused by unreasonable fears or
pl
worries. As an adjective, complex means something has lots

of small parts that are hard to understand.
6 Figs are a fruit but fix the doorbell sounds similar.
e
7 Ice cream sounds like I scream. Introduction

Ss revise and practise the language of Units 9 and 10. The notes
Optional extra activity below provide some ideas for exploiting the activities in class, but
M
Ask Ss to match the jokes in Ex 9a with the types of jokes
described in the language focus box.
at
1a Ss complete the conversations alone, then check in pairs.

b Discuss the question as a class. Check answers with the class.
er
Culture notes Answers: 1 traumatised 2 ecstatic 3 exhausted

Knock-knock jokes are a traditional type of joke which follow a 4 furious 5 hilarious 6 ashamed
pattern, starting with the first person saying ‘knock knock!’ and the
ia
listener responding ‘Who’s there?’ followed by a word play. e.g.: b Ss match the conversations with the follow-up comments
A: Knock knock! alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
B: Who’s there?
l©
A: A little old lady. Answers: 1 e 2 b 3 c 4 d 5 a 6 f

B: A little old lady who?
A: Wow, I didn’t know you could yodel! Optional extra activity
Put Ss in pairs and ask them to cover the follow-up comments in
Further practice Ex 1b. Ss practise the conversations in Ex 1a and try to remember
P
Photocopiable activities: 10C Language focus 1, p240; the response for each conversation. Ss can also extend the
10C Language focus 2, p241 conversations by adding further responses.
ea

c Ss discuss their experiences in pairs. When they have finished,
ask each pair to choose one experience to share with the class.
Speaking
rs
2 Elicit the first answer as an example. Ss combine the sentences

Prepare alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
10a Put Ss in A/B pairs and direct them to the relevant pages. Ss
on
choose two jokes (or one and one of their own). Answers:
1 Not only did I feel pretty foolish, I went bright red, too.
b Ss memorise their jokes and prepare how to tell them alone.
2 Not only have you been late every day this week, (but)
Monitor and help if necessary.
you’ve also missed your deadlines. / Not only have you been
Speak late every day this week, you’ve missed your deadlines (too/
20
11a Go through the Useful phrases with the class. Put Ss in as well).
groups to tell and respond to each other’s jokes. Make sure there is 3 Not only had my application been successful, (but) they were
an even mix of Ss A and B in each group. also offering me a grant (too/as well).
4 No sooner had she left hospital than she was training again.
23
b Ask each group to decide on the best joke and share it with the
5 No sooner had I left university than I was offered a job.
class. Then have a class vote to decide on the best joke.
6 No sooner had I got/did I get home than I had to go out (again).
3 Ss complete the text alone, then check in pairs. Highlight
Write the following questions on the board: that negative contractions count as one word in this case. Check
How confident do you feel telling jokes in English now? answers with the class.
Are you going to tell any of these jokes in the future?
Put Ss in pairs to discuss the questions. When they have Answers: 1 used (liked is also possible) 2 would
finished, ask if anyone wants to share their ideas with the 3 spent (passed is also possible) 4 wouldn’t/didn’t 5 still
class, but don’t force them to if they’d rather not. 6 makes 7 would
145
4a Ss complete the sentences alone, then check in pairs. Ask 11a Ss match the types of humour with the descriptions alone,
Unit 10
them to try not to look back at Lesson 9B unless they need to. then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
Answers: 1 satire 2 slapstick 3 a pun 4 irony
Answers: 1 smooth 2 demanding 3 content
4 determined 5 lighten 6 modest 7 liberal b Ss think of examples in pairs.
b Ss choose three sentences from Ex 4a that describe people Optional extra activity
they know and tell their partner about them. Ask Ss to think of and/or research other types of humour not
S
5a Elicit the first answer as an example, then put Ss in pairs to mentioned in the article, e.g. self-deprecating (jokes about
decide if the sentences describe upwards or downwards trends. yourself), surreal (jokes about absurd/unreal situations),
am
Check answers with the class. improvisation (jokes which are not pre-prepared), observational
(jokes about everyday life), topical (jokes about current events),
Answers: one-liners (very brief jokes).
Upwards: sentences 1, 4, 6 and 7 Ss report back what they found out, then discuss which of these
Downwards: sentences 2, 3 and 5 types of humour are popular in their country or countries.
pl
b Ss discuss which of the sentences in Ex 5a are true for their 12 Elicit the first answer as an example, then Ss rewrite the
country or countries in pairs. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ words alone. Check answers with the class and ask which one Ss
e
ideas and have a brief class discussion. like best.

Answers: 1 shellfish – selfish 2 tearable – terrible
M
Ss could choose four of the trend words in Ex 5a to write 3 wine – whine 4 Knight, knight – Night, night
sentences that are true for their country or countries, then share
at
them in pairs. 13 Ss match the sentences with the responses alone, then check
6 Ss choose the correct definitions alone, then check in pairs.
Answers: 1 c 2 e 3 d 4 b 5 f 6 a
er
Check answers in pairs.
Answers: 1 b 2 a 3 b 4 a 5 b Reflect
ia

7 Ss complete the sentences alone by writing the prepositions in Encourage them to ask any questions they still have about any of
the correct places, then check in pairs. Check answers with the areas covered in Units 9 and 10.
the class.
l©
Homework ideas
Answers: App: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation practice
1 The site has improved its security in response to recent
complaints. Roadmap video
2 I’m absolutely terrified of dentists.
P

3 It’s not something I’ve ever been very keen on.
4 Who’s looking after the baby while you’re away?
ea
5 I need time to warm up. I’m a bit out of practice.

6 Who did you go there with?
7 She’s a lawyer famous for her involvement in the fight
against corruption.
rs

on
Answers: 1 experiment 2 simulates 3 reliability 4 prove

5 invalidate 6 theory 7 classification/classifying
20

Make sure Ss understand that sometimes both alternatives are
possible. Check answers with the class.
23
Answers: 1 Despite 2 both 3 both 4 Meanwhile

5 not to mention 6 both
10a Ss match the descriptions with the follow-up comments

Answers: 1 c 2 a 3 d 4 b 5 e
b Ss discuss books and films they know using the words in Ex 10a
in pairs. When they have finished, ask a few Ss to share something
interesting their partner told them with the class.
146
Write
Unit 10
10A Develop your writing 6a Go through the points in the checklist with the class and check
Ss understand them. Ss write their first drafts alone using
the checklist to help them. Monitor and offer corrections if
Introduction necessary.
b Ss exchange biographies in pairs, reading and writing
Ss develop the skill of writing a biography by learning how to use a
comments on each other’s work. When they have finished, Ss
range of idiomatic phrases.
give each other feedback and suggestions. Be on hand to help if
necessary.
S
Warm up 7 Ss write their second drafts. If you’re short of time, this could
Write the following questions on the board: be done for homework.
am
Have you read any biographies? Which ones?

Homework ideas
Do you like reading biographies? Why/Why not?
Ss discuss the questions in small groups. When they have finished, Ex 7: Write a second draft of your biography.
elicit answers from a few Ss and have a brief class discussion. Workbook: Ex 1–8, pp.82–83
pl
1a Focus attention on the cartoons and elicit what Ss can see.

Discuss the question as a class.
b Ss discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit
e
Ss’ ideas and write them on the board.

2a Write on the board: Hetty Green and ask if Ss have ever heard 10B Develop your reading
M
of her. Ss read the biography and match the descriptions with the
paragraphs. Check answers with the class.
at
Introduction
Answers: 1 E 2 F 3 C 4 D 5 B 6 A
Ss develop the reading skill of understanding linguistically
b Ss discuss the question in pairs, giving reasons for their complex texts by learning how to recognise small details that
er
opinions. When they have finished, elicit Ss’ ideas and have a brief change meaning.
class discussion.
3a Give Ss a few minutes to read the Focus box and answer any Warm up
ia
questions they have, then tell them to choose the correct form of
Put Ss in small groups. Review the vocabulary from Lesson 10B by
the idioms. Check answers with the class.
calling out a definition for a word or phrase and asking each group
to call out the word or phrase when they know it. The first group
l©
Answers: 1 a 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 a 7 a
to call out the correct answer each time gets a point. The group
with the most points at the end wins.
b Ss complete the extracts alone, then check in pairs. Check
answers with the class. 1 Focus attention on the photo and elicit what Ss can see. Ss
P
Answers: 1 in the limelight 2 on a shoestring answers and have a brief class discussion.
3 had an eye for 4 learnt the ropes 5 in the driving seat 2a Ss read the title and introduction of the article, then discuss in
ea
6 see the big picture 7 drove a hard bargain pairs why they think the library was set up. Elicit Ss’ answers.
b Ss read the complete article and check their ideas, then answer
4a Ss complete the expressions in the text with the words in the
the questions alone. Ask Ss to check answers in pairs before
box alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the class.
checking answers with the class.
rs
Answers:
Answers:
1 in 2 at 3 a 4 my 5 to 6 no 7 of 8 the 9 a
1 He thinks they need to be read so he lets people borrow them,
on
and keep them if they want, for free.

b Ss match the expressions in bold in Ex 4a with the meanings
2 The library was set up to remember his parents.
3 They have established new libraries; added reading sessions
for children; taken books to new places.
Answers: a be of service b making a difference
20
c a blessing in disguise d put a halt to

3 Ss read the text again more carefully and decide if the statements
e at short notice; in no time at all f out of the question
are true or false alone, then check in pairs. Check answers with the
g twiddling my thumbs; at a loose end
class and elicit what part of the text gives each answer.
23
Prepare Answers:
5a Ss make their lists of possible biography subjects alone. 1 T (downtown Manila)
Encourage them to go online for inspiration. 2 F (known by all as Nanie)
b Ss choose one person from their lists and work alone to make 3 F (What’s taken gets replaced many times over.)
notes on that person’s life. Monitor and help if necessary, writing 4 F (It took a while for people to work out that …)
any new vocabulary on the board. Tell Ss to organise their notes 5 F (offering everything from … to …)
into paragraphs, using the paragraph descriptions in Ex 2a if they 6 T (He has also helped friends set up similar schemes at ten
want to. other sites around the country)
7 F (We’re taking them to the barrios next month.)
147
4a Ss look back at the article and decide how we know the three 1 Focus attention on the pictures and elicit what Ss can see. Ss
Unit 10
sentences are false. discuss the questions in pairs. When they have finished, elicit Ss’
b Give Ss a few minutes to read the Focus box and ask any answers and have a brief class discussion.
questions they have about the information, then check their 2a Ss use the pictures to discuss what they think each lie was.
answers to Ex 4a. Check answers with the class. Elicit Ss’ ideas but don’t give any answers yet.
b 10.8 Play the recording for Ss to check their predictions. Ss
Answers: compare answers in pairs, then check answers with the class.
1 the text says former tax-accountant (i.e. he isn’t one any more)
2 the text says a tribute to Guanlao’s late parents (i.e. they Answers:
S
died before he set it up) A Her mother told her that chocolate spread was spicy.
3 the text says and my brothers’ and sisters’ (i.e. he has more B She tells her son that if he doesn’t do what she wants she will
am
than one of each) report him to the ‘naughty boy police’.

C His father told him that the scar on his arm came from an
5 Ss complete the descriptions alone, then check in pairs. Check operation to remove a bullet in the second world war.
answers with the class. D He told his daughter that he goes to Dad School to learn how
to be a dad.
pl
Answers: 1 former Roman senator 2 late father

3 building’s 4 former president 5 president’s Audioscript 10.8
6 former president 7 Texas’s 8 late father
e
Konstantina: Hi, Konstantina Louganis here back with another

show. And to all those people out there who follow my
Optional extra activity podcast channel I just want to say … thank you and I
love you!
M
Write the numbers below on the board. Ask Ss to try and

remember what they refer to and use them to summarise the text: And to all those who don’t, I just want to say … why not!?
Now on to this week’s topic, which is lies that parents
2000 (It’s called The Reading Club 2000.) tell their children. Did you know that parents sometimes
at
60 (Guanlao is 60.) lie to their children? Yes, it’s true, they do!
100 (He started with 100 books.) Well, I decided to go out onto the streets with my trusty
microphone and talk to you, the good people of this
24/7 (It’s open 24 hours a day, seven days a week.)
er
country, and find out what lies you were told as a child
1994 (A 1994 act pledged reading centres throughout the or what lies you tell your children now … you naughty
country.) people!
700 (The Philippines has fewer than 700 public libraries.) First though, I had to find people who wanted to talk
ia
to me.
10 (People have set up ten other similar schemes around the
…
country.)
Konstantina: Excuse me can I ask you about …
l©
16 (A 16-year-old student is organising a book drive.)

Stranger 1: No, no, no. Whatever it is you’re selling, I’m not
90 (The student has collected 90 books so far.) interested.
Konstantina: I just … wanted to …
6 Ss discuss the questions in small groups. When they have …
finished, elicit a few answers and have a brief class discussion. Konstantina: Excuse me …
P
Stranger 2: No!
Homework ideas Konstantina: What d’you mean ‘no’? I haven’t asked you anything.
ea
Stranger 2: Just no!

…
Konstantina: Fortunately I did manage to find some people who were
willing to talk to me … eventually.
rs
…
Konstantina: Excuse me. I’m making a podcast about lies people tell
their children. Have you got a moment?
10C Develop your listening
on
Interviewee 1: Uh, yeah OK.

Konstantina: Have you got any children?
Interviewee 1: No, no I don’t. I’m too young!
Introduction Konstantina: So is there anything your parents told you when you
were a child, like a lie or something like that in order to
Ss develop the listening skill of following a conversation
20
stop you doing something, and that you believed until

between two fluent speakers by learning a technique to improve you were older, if you see what I mean?
listening skills. Interviewee 1: Yeah, actually, my mum was really big on healthy
breakfasts and she gave us fruit and muesli and stuff
like that every day …
23
Warm up Konstantina: Oh yeah, just like mine.

Write the following questions on the board: Interviewee 1: And then one day when I was going round the
supermarket with her I saw this chocolate spread, you
Do you find it easier to speak in English to one person or several know, to put on your toast and stuff …
people at the same time? Konstantina: Oh, yum!
Do you find it easier to listen to native speakers or non-native Interviewee 1: And I thought it looked amazing so I asked if we could
speakers of English? Why? have some and mum just said, if you tried it, you’d
What’s the most difficult thing about listening to fast speech in hate it.
English? Konstantina: Really?

answers and have a brief class discussion.
148
Interviewee 1: Yeah. And I said why? And she said because it’s really, Interviewee 3: And I could’ve worked that out for myself, like, because
Unit 10
really spicy! by this time I was about twelve or so but for some
Konstantina: Spicy? reason I never stopped to think. Stupid of me, but
Interviewee 1: Yeah, spicy. you know …
Konstantina: Unbelievable! Konstantina: You just take it for granted that they’re telling the truth,
Interviewee 1: And that put me off because I hated spicy food, like don’t you?
most children I guess, and … er … yeah, anyway, I kind of Interviewee 3: Exactly.
believed that for several years. …
Konstantina: Several years?
Konstantina: … so what lies do you, you know, what lies do you tell
Interviewee 1: Yeah. Till I was nine or ten or so. So if, like, if I stayed at
your children?
a friend’s house and they had chocolate spread I
S
Interviewee 4: Lies, huh?

wouldn’t eat it because I thought it would burn my
Konstantina: Yeah, you know, not serious lies but like funny lies that
mouth!
are like jokes.
am
Konstantina: That’s a great story. Thanks so much for sharing!

Interviewee 4: Well, funny you should ask that because my daughter
Interviewee 1: No worries.
recently asked …
… Konstantina: How old is your daughter?
Konstantina: So are there any lies that you tell your kids in order to Interviewee 4: She’s seven.
make them behave? Konstantina: OK.
pl
Interviewee 2: Well, I shouldn’t really say this but I guess my children Interviewee 4: So she asked me how I learned to be a dad and for some
won’t listen to your show … reason I told her that I go to Dad School.
Konstantina: Why not? Konstantina: Dad School?
e
Interviewee 2: Oh, I don’t mean … Interviewee 4: Yeah. I have no idea why I said that but I guess I thought
Konstantina: No, I’m only joking with you. Carry on. it was funny, but she took me seriously and then she
Interviewee 2: Well, my son is six now and if he won’t do what I ask asked when I went to Dad School, because, you know,
him, I tell him I’m going to report him to the ‘naughty boy she knows that I go to work during the week and we’re
M
police’. together at weekends and stuff …

Konstantina: The ‘naughty boy police’! Seriously? Konstantina: So what did you say?
Interviewee 2: Yeah. Interviewee 4: Well I was totally making it up as I went along at this
at
Konstantina: You tell him that with a straight face? point so I said I went to Dad School after she goes to bed.
Interviewee 2: Yeah. He’s going to find out soon and then I won’t be Konstantina: No way!
able to make him do anything but you know what … Interviewee 4: And she believed me and then she asked how often so I
er
Konstantina: What? said every weekday.

Interviewee 2: It’s really useful. If he won’t tidy up his toys I tell him Konstantina: Every weekday?
I’m going to call the naughty boy police and if he still Interviewee 4: Yeah. And then she asked what I learned there and
won’t do it then I pick up the phone and start dialling a I said how to make breakfast for your daughter and
ia
number and then he’s all like: ‘Oh please don’t call them how to brush your daughter’s hair and how to tie their
mummy, I’ll tidy up’. shoelaces and stuff like that …
Konstantina: Amazing. And do you feel guilty about this? Konstantina: And she believed all this?
l©
Interviewee 2: Er … no. I’ve got three kids and, you know, you do what Interviewee 4: She absolutely believed it all and it’s a bit of a problem
you have to to keep them in line, d’you know what I now because I haven’t got the heart to tell her I was
mean? only joking and, like, when I take her to bed now I kiss
Konstantina: Yeah, yeah, sure. I mean it’s not exactly … her goodnight and then she says ‘Are you going to Dad
… School now?’ and I say ‘Yeah, love, I’m off to Dad School,’
so I’ve really dug myself a bit of a hole now and I’m not
P
Konstantina: … so what is it that your dad used to tell you?

sure how to get out of it.
Interviewee 3: Well it’s quite funny really because he had this scar on
Konstantina: Hah! Brilliant! I love that story.
his arm, right, …
ea
Interviewee 4: Yeah, so does she.

Konstantina: Yeah …
Konstantina: I can’t wait till she finds out the truth.
Interviewee 3: Just a few centimetres long, yeah, and he told us this
Interviewee 4: Yeah, I can because I’m always telling her it’s wrong to
story about where it came from …
tell lies.
Konstantina: Where did it come from?
Konstantina: Yes, I see what you mean.
rs
Interviewee 3: He told us that it, like, came from the Second World War
when he was shot and he had to have an operation to …
remove the bullet … Konstantina: So there you have it. On the one hand we tell our
Konstantina: Oh yeah. children that it’s wrong to lie, and on the other we tell
on
Interviewee 3: At least that’s what he told us and we told all our them these lies because, because … actually why do we
friends, you know, as you do, … tell them lies?
Konstantina: Yeah. …
Interviewee 3: Because it’s, like, a good story and it makes him sound
Interviewee 2: … you know you do what you have to to keep them in
brave and stuff and then one day I mentioned the story
line, d’you know what I mean?
20
to my uncle, my dad’s brother, and he just, like, laughed

and laughed … …
Konstantina: Why? Konstantina: Yes, I think I know what you mean. Basically we tell
Interviewee 3: Well he said ‘If that’s true then I’m your fairy godmother’ them lies in order to stop them misbehaving. And
23
’coz you know my dad was only, like, five when the war what’s telling lies? … It’s misbehaving … So that makes
ended … perfect sense.
Konstantina: Ahh … If you enjoyed this show, remember to subscribe and
Interviewee 3: And you didn’t get many five-year-olds fighting as share it. That’s all for this week. See ya!
soldiers in the second world war …
Konstantina: No …
149
3a Read the questions with the class so they know what to
Unit 10
listen for. Ss listen again and answers the questions alone.

b Ask Ss to check answers in pairs, then check answers with
the class.
Answers:
1 healthy food: fruit and muesli
2 because she hated spicy food
3 until she was nine or ten
S
4 when she wants him to do (or not do) something

5 She won’t be able to make him do anything.
am
6 three
7 from an operation to remove a bullet from his arm in the
Second World War
8 the speaker’s uncle
9 because he could have worked out that his father wasn’t
pl
old enough to have been a soldier in the war

10 how he learned to be a dad
11 how to make breakfast, brush his daughter’s hair, tie her
e
shoelaces, and so on
12 because he’s always telling her it’s wrong to tell lies
M
questions they have about it. Ss then discuss the strategy in pairs.
at
5a 10.9 Ss listen and underline the parts they find difficult to

understand alone. They then compare and discuss in pairs.
b Ss listen again at least twice. Ask if they find it easier to
er
understand now.

ia
Ask Ss to find a real podcast and repeat the activity, either in

class if the equipment is available or at home. Ss then share their
experiences in groups in class, saying which parts they had to
l©
listen to the most and any new words they learnt.

elicit their answers and have a brief class discussion.
P
Homework ideas
ea
rs
on
20
23
150
RESOURCE BANK
Photocopiable activities index
LESSON LANGUAGE POINT PAGE

S
1A Grammar 1: Cleft sentences 153

Grammar 2: Cleft sentences 154
am
Vocabulary: Free-time activities 155
1B Grammar 1: Narrative tenses 156

Grammar 2: Narrative tenses 157
pl
Vocabulary: Helping people 158
1C Language focus 1: Exaggeration 159

Language focus 2: Exaggeration 160
e
Vocabulary: At work 161
2A Grammar 1: The future in the past 162

M
Grammar 2: The future in the past 163

Vocabulary: Injuries and illnesses 164
at
2B Grammar 1: Double comparatives 165

Grammar 2: Double comparatives 166
Vocabulary: Charities 167
er
2C Language focus 1: Negative questions 168

Language focus 2: Negative questions 169
ia
Vocabulary: Old and abandoned buildings 170
3A Grammar 1: Ways of expressing the future 171

l©
Grammar 2: Ways of expressing the future 172

Vocabulary: Talking about the weather 173
3B Grammar 1: Verb patterns and reporting 174

Grammar 2: Verb patterns and reporting 175
P
Vocabulary: The law and courts 176
3C Language focus 1: even and hardly 177

ea
Language focus 2: even and hardly 178

Vocabulary: Sports events, actions and news 179
4A Grammar 1: Defining and non-defining relative clauses 180

rs
Grammar 2: Defining and non-defining relative clauses 181

Vocabulary: Describing different age groups 182
on
4B Grammar 1: Noun phrases 183

Grammar 2: Noun phrases 184
Vocabulary: Clothes and fashion 185
4C Language focus 1: Prepositions 1 186

20
Language focus 2: Prepositions 1 187

Vocabulary: Influences and identity 188
5A Grammar 1: Continuous forms 189

23
Grammar 2: Continuous forms 190

Vocabulary: Commuting 191
5B Grammar 1: Participle clauses 192

Grammar 2: Participle clauses 193
Vocabulary: Geographical features 194
5C Language focus 1: Translation and collocation 195

Language focus 2: Translation and collocation 196
Vocabulary: Describing homes and decoration 197
151
Photocopiable notes and answer key
LESSON LANGUAGE POINT PAGE

6A Grammar 1: Adverbs and adverbial phrases 198
Grammar 2: Adverbs and adverbial phrases 199
Vocabulary: Successful and failing businesses 200
6B Grammar 1: Further passive constructions 201

Grammar 2: Further passive constructions 202
Vocabulary: Hosting events 203
S
6C Language focus 1: Word grammar and patterns (expect, surprised ) 204

am
Language focus 2: Word grammar and patterns (expect, surprised ) 205

Vocabulary: Talking about arts events 206
7A Grammar 1: Adding comments using must and can’t 207

Grammar 2: Adding comments using must and can’t 208
pl
Vocabulary: Life’s ups and downs 209
7B Grammar 1: Second, third and mixed conditionals 210

e
Grammar 2: Second, third and mixed conditionals 211

Vocabulary: Talking about the news 212
7C Language focus 1: Phrases to show the relationship between ideas 213

M
Language focus 2: Phrases to show the relationship between ideas 214

Vocabulary: Voting and elections 215
at
8A Grammar 1: Complex questions 216

Grammar 2: Complex questions 217
er
Vocabulary: Describing what your job involves 218
8B Grammar 1: Auxiliary verbs 219

Grammar 2: Auxiliary verbs 220
ia
Vocabulary: Sleep 221
8C Language focus 1: Complex comparatives 222

l©
Language focus 2: Complex comparatives 223

Vocabulary: Food and cooking 224
9A Grammar 1: not only and no sooner/as soon as 225

Grammar 2: not only and no sooner/as soon as 226
P
Vocabulary: Feelings 227
9B Grammar 1: will and would for habits; I wish he would 228

ea
Grammar 2: will and would for habits; I wish he would 229

Vocabulary: Describing people and their habits 230
9C Language focus 1: Making new words 231

rs
Language focus 2: Making new words 232

Vocabulary: Trends 233
on
10A Grammar 1: Prepositions 2 234

Grammar 2: Prepositions 2 235
Vocabulary: Science 236
10B Grammar 1: Linking words and phrases 237

20
Grammar 2: Linking words and phrases 238

Vocabulary: Book reviews 239
10C Language focus 1: Puns 240

23
Language focus 2: Puns 241

Vocabulary: Talking about humour 242
Photocopiable notes and answer key 243–266
152
1A Grammar 1 Cleft sentences
1 Put the words in brackets in the correct order to complete the cleft sentences.
A What’s the best thing about where you live?

S
1 . It adds colour and character.

am
(the street art / like / particularly / one / I / thing / is)

2 , like a festival or a concert.
(there’s / something on / great / is / that / What’s / always)
3 .
pl
(the green spaces / would / I / appreciate / what / most / be)

e
B Tell me about one thing you wish you could change about where you live.
M
4 .
(I’d / like / what / really / would / to / see / cycle lanes / be / more)
at
5 .
(a stadium / is / cool / one / that / thing / would / be / have / to)
6 . I can’t stand all the litter.
er
(what / needs / town / this / a decent clean-up / is)

ia
C Think of a place you enjoyed going as a child. What did you like about it?
7 My grandparent’s place. .
l©
(was / what / all / special / was / me / the love / gave / they)

8 . The water slide was the best fun ever.
(enjoyed / our local pool / I / place / one / was)
9 , funnily enough! I really
P
took to all the activities, and had some great friends too.
ea
(stands / out / for / school / me / is / what)
D Where is a place you’d fancy going in the future?

rs
10 for the history, scenery and food!

(I’d / visit / one day / Turkey / somewhere / love / to / is)
on
11 . I’m a huge wildlife fan.

(I / of / is / dream / going / where / the Amazon rainforest)
12 across the road. Do you fancy it?
(keen / to / I’m / go / place / one / is / that new vegetarian café)
20
2 Write your own answers to the questions in Exercise 1. Use cleft sentences.
23
A
B
C
D
3 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.
PHOTOCOPIABLE © Pearson Education Limited 2020 153

1A Grammar 2 Cleft sentences
enjoy about do to help

huge amount a popular pastime I’ve
S
studying remember new

of hype keep-fit activity never tried
English vocabulary
am
pl
couldn’t stand found

fancy doing admire in is great about
when I was interesting
this weekend people living here
e
younger at school
M
at
a lot of puts people made me should spend

was nice about
locals do at off performing choose this more time
being a child
er
weekends for others course doing

ia
most
people don’t many people used to spend
always find blockbusters
l©
talk about are concerned hours doing as

encouraging have in
enough about a child
common
P
ea
effective a lot of people helps people don’t have

not really into
study strategy take seriously switch off any patience for
rs
on
really unusual
appreciate in has grown I watched
I’ve always liked to see
a friend on me recently
20
around here
23
What I enjoy about studying Something I appreciate in

English is meeting new people. a friend is a sense of humour.
What helps people switch off

really depends on the person.
154 PHOTOCOPIABLE © Pearson Education Limited 2020

1A Vocabulary Free-time activities
1 Match the words and phrases in bold in Exercise 2 with their meaning.
a relax
b the publicity and excitement
S
c terrible at
am
d very successful film, usually one that is full of action or adventure

e hobby
f to get rid of anger, excitement or energy
pl
g would like to start spending time doing something new

h sports in which you fight with your hands and feet
i confidence-giving
e
j a type of word puzzle

k entertaining other people
M
l an adjective meaning exercise

at
2 Find someone who …

er
Name More information
1 … has seen a blockbuster in the past year.

ia
l©
2 … knows a move from a martial art.
3 … can think of two benefits of

doing crosswords.
P
4 … fancies taking up another language or

a musical instrument in future.
ea
5 … can think of three keep-fit activities

available in the local area.
rs
6 … prefers online gaming to outdoor pursuits

to let off steam.
on
7 … knows a very encouraging quote or saying.
8 … likes to follow the hype around

celebrity trends.
20
9 … is either very good or hopeless at

remembering people’s names.
23
10 … has a creative pastime that they didn’t take to

straight away but that grew on them over time.
11 … has experience performing, for example in a

play or in a musical group.
12 … thinks that to really switch off, nothing beats

spending time in nature.

1B Grammar 1 Narrative tenses
1 Work in pairs. How often do you laugh in your studies or at your workplace?
2 Choose the correct alternatives to complete the story.

S
am
pl
e
M
at
er
I 1sat/was sitting in the middle of my first English class at university, when

ia
suddenly I 2heard/was hearing the most unexpected sound: a cat! Everyone

3had started/started laughing and looking around for the animal. Even the
l©
teacher, who 4had been/had been being in the middle of explaining a

grammar point, 5couldn’t/wasn’t being able to keep a straight face. When
I 6realised/was realising the sound 7came/was coming from my own bag,
I 8turned/was turning bright red. I suddenly 9remembered/had been remembering
P
that my flatmate 10played/had been playing on my phone that morning.

ea
Obviously, she 11’d changed/’d been changing the ring tone as a practical joke.
I 12switched/was switching it off as quickly as I could, but for many weeks
afterwards, my classmates 13were always asking/had been always asking whether
rs
I 14’d brought/’d been bringing any pets to class in my bag that day.
on
3 Think of a time when something made you laugh. The situation can be real or imagined.
20
Write some notes about it.

23
4 Work in pairs. Tell your partner your story. Guess whether your partner’s story is real or
imagined.

1B Grammar 2 Narrative tenses
1 2
✁
a When / the last time / you / see a film? a Why / you / enrol on this course?
S
am
b you / see / anything similar before? b you / meet / any classmates before we / start?
pl
e
3 4
a What / you / do / this time last year? a Where / you / sit / during the last class?
M
at
b you / already / decide / to take this course? b you / sit / before?

er
ia
5 6
a What’s an English word or phrase you / learn / recently? a When / you / last receive / some ’snail mail’?
l©
b you / hear it / before? b you / expect / it?

P
ea
7 8
rs
a What time / you / get up this morning? a What / you / think about / on the way to the lesson?
on
b you / set an alarm? b you / allow / enough time to get here?

20
9 10
23
a What / you / get up to / last weekend? a When / the last time / you / do / something fun?
b you / make / plans in advance? b you / look forward / to it for a while?

1B Vocabulary Helping people
✁
Student A 1 2
g
S
3
r
am
4 5
a l e t d o w n
6 7
b o
8 9
w
pl
n
10
e
11
a p p r e n t i c e s h i p
M
12
r a v e
13
at
m o u r n i n g
14
er
s t r a n d e d
15
ia
c o m f o r t
l©
Student B 1 2
p
P
3
u e
ea
4 5
l x
6 7
b i l l r p
rs
8 9
o w o d e
v e u e r
on
10
b e l g s t
11
a r c h p i
b o e s
20
12
y m r e
13
s m i a
i e n t
23
14
t n g e
t
15
o
r

1C Language focus 1 Exaggeration
1 Work in pairs. What makes a good place to eat out? How do online reviews help people choose where to
eat? How reliable do you think they are?
S
2 Complete the online reviews of places to eat with the phrases in the box.
am
a few seconds ages and ages as if died of hunger entire every ten seconds heaven like an oven
loads and loads million times to die for to murder
pl
Top burger spot 

This food truck is a 1 better than any other fast-food
e
place, it’s always fresh and tasty. I arrived after a big night out, ready
2 a burger, and I wasn’t disappointed. My first one only
M
lasted 3 , and it was so good I went back for round two!

at
Something for everyone 

er
There are 4 of choices at this place, so everyone in our

group was happy, even my aunty, who usually complains 5 .
The only downside was that the temperature inside was 6 ,
ia
although staff eventually opened a window at my request.

l©
Overcrowded 
We had to queue for 7 before we even got a table.
Honestly, the 8 city was there. I almost
P
9 by the time our food finally came, and it wasn’t even

anything special.
ea
rs
Secret terrace 

When you step out of the lift into this rooftop café filled with jungle-style palm trees and
green plants, you feel 10
on
you’ve entered another world.

Seriously, the views are absolutely 11 . And I highly
recommend the lemon cheesecake, it’s like a piece of 12 !
20
3 Write a review about a place you’ve been to. Use at least three different types of exaggeration.
23
4 Work in pairs. Read your reviews. Can you identify the exaggeration(s) in your partner’s review?

1C Language focus 2 Exaggeration
Choose eight things from the list and write the answers to them in the clouds below.
Don’t write them in order.
S
A skill that takes hours and hours to learn

A food you’d kill for right now
am
A chore or job you spend half your life doing

Something that costs a small fortune
A place you know that’s like the Arctic
pl
A reminder you’ve been given thousands of times

A place you know that’s like an oven
e
Something that could make you die of boredom

Someone you’ve known for years and years
M
A food you’re dying to try

Something that makes you rush around like a mad person
at
A topic you tend to go on and on about to whoever’s listening

er
ia
l©
P
ea
rs
on
20
23

1C Vocabulary At work
1 Choose the correct alternatives to complete the work situations.

S
Can you come up with coping

am
strategies for the following

work situations?
pl
1 Your co-worker speaks/goes on and on

e
about how incompetent the boss is.

M
2 A customer undermines/underlines your

service with an awful online review.
at
3 Your colleagues keep unfairly pointing

the hand/finger of blame at one employee
er
for everything that goes wrong.

4 You have too many pointless/pointed
ia
meetings.
l©
5 Someone plays music on their computer

and you find it really distracting/distracted.
6 You arrive at work to find your favourite
P
cup has been knocked off your desk and

ea
smashed/jammed to pieces.
7 A fellow worker has a go at/to you about
being late in front of everyone.
rs
8 The printer keeps getting jammed/

on
smashed with paper and nobody fixes it.

9 One of your major irritations/irritates is that
your boss sends you emails after hours.
20
10 There’s a lot of pressure to wear expensive

clothes and have the latest budget/gadget.
23
2 Work in groups. Which three situations do you think are the most irritating?
Which situation do you think would be easiest to deal with?
3 Work in groups. Brainstorm coping strategies for each situation.

2A Grammar 1 The future in the past
1 Complete the sentences to report the thoughts about the future seen from the past.
S
Thoughts in the past about the future Report past thoughts in the present
1
am
The clinic was due to open at 9 a.m., so why

The clinic’s due to open at 9 a.m.
aren’t they answering the phone?
2
His fall was spectacular, so I knew he
pl
What a spectacular fall. He’ll be

out of action for a while.
for a while.
e
3
I realised
Oh no, she’s about to vomit.
M
so I grabbed a bucket.
4
at
Even though I ,
I’m due for a check up.
I just never got around to it.
er
5
I
I’m not going to be an organ donor.
an organ donor, but then I changed my mind.
ia
6
l©
We might not be able to get I had a feeling

an appointment. an appointment, and I was right.
7
We
P
Let’s go hiking on Saturday.

on Saturday until I strained a muscle in my leg.
ea
8
He's not sure how long he’ll have He
to stay in hospital. in hospital. Fortunately, he made a quick recovery.
rs
9
I
I’m just about to see the doctor. when an emergency came in and I had to wait
on
another two hours.

20
2 Write two sentences of your own to report thoughts about the future seen from the past.
Then share them with a partner.
Thoughts in the past about the future Report past thoughts in the present
23

2A Grammar 2 The future in the past
What’s your excuse?

S
am
pl
e
M
1 Why didn’t you bring your homework?

at
Classmate’s answer:
2 Why did you change your mind about coming to the party last week?
er
ia
3 Why didn’t you finish the project on time?

l©
4 Why haven’t you been to the dentist recently?

P
5 I thought you were going to Australia last summer. Why didn’t you go?
ea
6 It’s like an oven in here. Why haven’t you opened a window?

rs
7
on
Why didn’t you call me when you said you would?

8 Why haven’t you cleaned the kitchen?

20
9 Why didn’t you return your library book on time?

23
10 Why did you arrive late today?


2A Vocabulary Injuries and illnesses
1 2 3 4
✁
S
am
pl
e
M
at
5 6 7 8 You will
need a
er
donor.
Ouch!
ia
l©
P
ea
rs
a b
bashed / black and blue irritated / itchy
on
c d
spinal /
strained / out of action / limp
20
severely restricted mobility

23
e f
developed arthritis /
bumped / out cold
swollen joints
g h
kidney failure / an organ donor / came down with a stomach bug /
transplant vomit

2B Grammar 1 Double comparatives
S
am
pl
e
1 Complete the sentence with a double comparative so it is true for you.

M
The more I revise English vocabulary, …

at
2 Rewrite the sentences using double comparatives to write two poems.

er
When I revise more, I remember more. The more I revise, the more I remember.
ia
When I remember more, I feel more confident.

When I feel more confident, I speak more
l©
fluently.
When I speak more fluently, people
respond more.
P
When people respond more, I become

more motivated.
ea
When I become more motivated,

I revise more . . .
rs
When I revise more, I stay up later.

on
When I stay up later, I sleep for fewer hours.

When I sleep for fewer hours, I have
20
less energy.
When I have less energy, I concentrate less.
When I concentrate less, I retain less
23
information.
When I retain less information, I need to
revise more!
3 Practise reading the poems aloud. Is either one true for you? Why/Why not?

2B Grammar 2 Double comparatives
1 2
✁
He finds it hard being sixteen. She’s just started learning English
S
He wishes he was older! and needs some encouragement.

am
3 4
It isn’t easy to make new friends This place is a mess. But I really do
pl
when you move to a new town. not feel like cleaning it up.
e
M
5 6
The restaurant was so slow.
She doesn’t do any exercise.
Everyone was dying of hunger by
at
She says it’s too hard.

the time the food arrived.
er
7 8
He’s had a big clean out and got rid of There just aren’t enough hours in
ia
a lot of possessions. His apartment the day for all my assignments! I wish
looks huge! I had more time.
l©
a b
The more you have, the more you Come on, the quicker we start,
P
waste, in my experience! the quicker we’ll finish.

ea
c d
rs
That’s understandable. The less Really? The younger you are,

you do, the less you want to do. the more fun you have.
on
20
23

2B Vocabulary Charities
S
tackle a problem raise awareness

am
pl
e
M
sustainable
lobby a government
development
at
er
ia
l©
empower minorities economic deprivation

P
ea
rs
degree of expertise worthy of donations

on
20
23
campaign for change reclaim the streets

2C Language focus 1 Negative questions
S
am
pl
e
M
at
er
ia
1 Complete the conversation with the words in the box.

l©
aren’t (x2) can’t didn’t don’t haven’t isn’t (x2) shouldn’t wouldn’t
A: Happy Birthday, Kris!

P
B: Thanks. 1 you good to remember?

ea
A: I’ve got you a little something too.

B: 2 I tell you not to get me anything?
rs
A: I know, but I couldn’t resist! Well, 3 you going to open it?

B: OK, well … Oh. Well, 4 this interesting? Err … thank you so much!
on
A: Oh no, 5 you like it?

B: It looks great, but … I’m just not 100 percent sure what it is.
A: Seriously, 6 you guess?
20
B: No, not really! 7 you like to tell me?

A: It’s a piece of the Berlin wall. 8 you ever realised your birthday is
23
on the anniversary of it coming down?

B: I hadn’t actually, but 9 that cool? Thank you!
A: Now, seeing as it’s your birthday, 10 we go out and celebrate?
2 Work in pairs and practise reading the conversation.

2C Language focus 2 Negative questions
Student A
✁
S
1 Put the words in the correct order to complete the negative questions.
am
1 assignment yet?
(haven’t / your / finished / you)
2 cup of tea?
(don’t / you / a / want)
pl
3 with Kathy Brown?

(didn’t / use / you / to / work)
e
4 to the film tonight?

(you / coming / aren’t / with us)
M
5 freezing in here?
(think / don’t / you / it’s)
6 class?
at
(isn’t / an / this / enjoyable)
2
er
Work with Student B. Take turns to read questions 1–6, and respond with a–f.
a Yeah, didn’t we meet at that charity event last year? d No, I've never been there.
b I’m not due there until later this afternoon. e I’m sorry, all prices are fixed here.
ia
c I haven’t for a while, they don’t agree with me. f Yeah, I love this kind of weather.
l©
3 Write three negative questions of your own. Share them with Student B.
Student B
P
1 Put the words in the correct order to complete the negative questions.
ea
1 at the dentist?
(supposed / aren’t / to / you / be)
2 day?
rs
(gorgeous / isn’t / a / it)

3 anymore?
on
(dairy products / eat / you / don’t)

4 Malaysia last year?
(to / didn’t / go / you)
5 alarm astonish convince a discount?
delight depress encourage
20
(can’t / you / me / give)

6 before?
(haven’t / met / somewhere / we)
23
entertain exhaust frustrate infuriate insult overwhelm

2 Work with Student A. Take turns to read questions 1–6, and respond with a–f.
a Absolutely! It’s the highlight of my week. d It’s almost done, I just need to proofread it.
b The name doesn’t ring a bell, sorry. e I was going to, but, unfortunately, something’s come up.
c satisfy scarejust had one. stress f I supposetempt

No thanks, I’ve actually it is. Shall we turn on the heating?
upset worry
3 Write three negative questions of your own. Share them with Student A.

2C Vocabulary Old and abandoned buildings
DID YOU KNOW ... ? DID YOU KNOW

Student A
S
am
pl
■ After construction, the Empire State building was close to going bankrupt so the owners raised
funds by charging visitors to visit the top floor. It quickly 1 an iconic
e
New York experience.

■ The Eiffel Tower was built as a temporary structure and was due to be demolished in 1909,
twenty years after it was built.
M
■ Last year around 50,000 people toured Pripyat, a town which was 2 after the
Chernobyl nuclear disaster. Surprisingly, many of the buildings have been taken over by plants.
at
■ Rome’s famous attraction, the Colosseum, lay 3 for hundreds of years,

covered in weeds.
er
■ Some small Spanish towns with declining populations are actually paying people to move there.
They hope to 4 their areas to busy centres.
■ Steps have had to be taken to stop the Great Wall of China shrinking because of weather and
ia
some tourists taking bits of the wall.

■ Every year, thousands of people complain to online map providers that the pictures of their home
l©
or business are 5 .
Student B
P
ea
rs
■ After construction, the Empire State building was close to going 1 so the
on
owners raised funds by charging visitors to visit the top floor. It quickly turned into an iconic
New York experience.
■ The Eiffel Tower was built as a temporary structure and was due to be 2 in
1909, twenty years after it was built.
2
■ Last year around 50,000 people toured Pripyat, a town which was abandoned after the
Chernobyl nuclear disaster. Surprisingly, many of the buildings have been 3
02... ?
by plants.
■ Rome’s famous attraction, the Colosseum, lay neglected for hundreds of years, covered in weeds.
■ Some small Spanish towns with 4 populations are actually paying people to
3
move there. They hope to restore their areas to busy centres.

■ Steps have had to be taken to stop the Great Wall of China 5 because of
weather and some tourists taking bits of the wall.
■ Every year, thousands of people complain to online map providers that the pictures of their home
or business are outdated.

3A Grammar 1 Ways of expressing the future
1 Work in pairs. What are you looking forward to at the moment?
2 Read Sam’s email. What is happening next month? Complete the email with the
S
phrases in the box.

am
hoping to (x2) is set ’ll be waiting ’m considering may still be planning

’s expected should shouldn’t supposed to thinking of
pl
e
Hi Angie,
M
I’m really looking forward to seeing you next month. Thanks for sending through your arrival details,
I1 for you at the airport at 10 a.m. on the 3rd May.
at
It’s 2 be warming up, so don’t forget to pack your swimming costume, as

I’m 3 to take you to a gorgeous lake. I’m also 4
er
show you the local markets. They 5 have some amazing fresh berries at
this time of year.
ia
For a day trip, I’m 6 take you to our nearest castle. It has been closed
for restoration but it 7 to re-open to the public any day now. Apparently,
l©
it 8 to become a popular film location!
I wondered if you could let me know how long you are 9 staying. I guess
you 10 working out your plans. It’s just that I 11
P
taking a few days off work to show you around. It 12 be a problem

because I’ve saved up plenty of leave.
ea
I can’t wait to catch up, it’s been far too long!

rs
Sam
on
3 Imagine a family member or friend is coming to stay. Write an email to them, sharing your
plans for their visit. Use at least four different future tenses.
20
23
4 Work in pairs. Swap your emails and check each other’s use of future tenses.

3A Grammar 2 Ways of expressing the future
✁
What are you planning to do What do you think the weather
S
when you next have some should be like tomorrow? Is it

am
free time? expected to change?

pl
Are you supposed to be

e
In the future, what contexts are

bringing anything in particular
you hoping to use English in?
M
to your next English class?

at
er
Do you think tourist numbers Are you set to continue living

ia
are expected to rise in this area? where you are for now?
l©
P
Will you be doing anything to Do you think we will still be

improve your English besides using the same forms of daily
ea
coming to class? transport in twenty years’ time?

rs
on
Are you considering travelling

How are you thinking of
anywhere over the next
spending next summer?
couple of years?
20
23
Are you supposed to be cooking Is your country’s population

dinner tonight? If so, what are set to increase or decline in
you planning to make? the next few years?

3A Vocabulary Talking about the weather
1 Choose the correct alternatives in the sentences. Then tick the statements
you agree with.
S
am
2 Find a classmate with the same answer as you for each question. Ask a follow-up
question to each classmate you talk to.
Agree? Classmate with the

pl
same answer
e
1 If it’s blowing a breeze/gale, I enjoy

walking outside.
M
2 On a glorious/bitter sunny day, people are

in a better mood than on a miserable day.
at
3 I love listening to a good thunderstorm/frost.

And watching the lightning too.
er
4 I’ve experienced chilly/humid weather,

ia
like a frost or snow.
5 I’m usually optimistic that the weather is going

l©
to brighten up/out, even when it doesn’t.
6 We don’t need to worry about it

soaking/flooding where I live.
P
7 Humid, sticky/crisp weather is becoming

ea
more common here.
8 In my hometown, it might be fine one

minute and pouring down/out the next.
rs
9 I’ve been flooded/soaked to the skin from

on
wet weather before.
10 I don’t like to go out in the rain, even if it’s

only spitting/pouring.
20
23

3B Grammar 1 Verb patterns and reporting
S
am
pl
e
M
1 Choose the correct alternatives a, b or both to complete the sentences.

at
1 Libby’s friends encouraged her dream of opening a small organic café.

a her to pursue b to pursue
er
2 They discussed the café at length.

a to name b naming
ia
3 Eventually, someone suggested Libby’s.

a she call it b that she call it
l©
4 All went relatively well until Libby got a letter demanding the café’s name.
a she change b that she change
5 The letter, from a global corporation, warned their trademark of the word Libby’s.
P
a her she was breaching b her breaching

6 They threatened legal action if she didn’t change it.
ea
a taking b to take
7 Libby’s friend advised the situation on social media.
rs
a her to post b posting

8 Thousands of people criticised in an online petition.
a the global corporation b at the global corporation
on
9 However, the company rejected and sent a lawyer to Libby’s.

a the petition b to the petition
10 Libby was so stressed out by this point that she promised the name.
20
a changing b to change
11 She blamed the company and wished she hadn’t taken a stand against them.
23
a her stress on b on her stress

12 She changed the name to No-name Café and it became a big success. A few years on, she admitted
had ultimately been helpful for her business.
a that the publicity b the publicity
2 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.

• When is it fair for companies to demand other companies change their names?
• Would you advise a friend to post about business problems or work situations on social media? Why/Why not?

3B Grammar 2 Verb patterns and reporting
… me to watch In court, the … that he had

✁
The police
a legal drama defendant been at the scene
warned …
S
with them. admitted … of the crime.

am
… drivers to slow
The new judges … to give fair The engineers
down or they
promised … rulings. discussed …
would face a fine.
pl
e
… applying for a At the beginning … the jury to

My lawyer
patent for their of the trial, the weigh up the
warned …
M
new design. judge advised … evidence carefully.

at
… me that I At the end of … his students

The judge
might not win class, the lecturer to study for the
rejected …
er
the appeal. reminded … exam.

ia
At the party, a … that she had

… the prosecution’s The media
lawyer was won a very difficult
request for a break. criticised …
l©
boasting … case recently.
… the claimant’s Accused of theft, … entering a After their

behaviour on the the defendants house but denied separation, the
P
news. admitted … they took anything. parents agreed …

ea
Questioned by … to all the charges At the job fair,

… to share custody
the police, she of corruption she the police
rs
of their children.
confessed … faced. encouraged …
on
… young people to The property … that we try to Environmental

consider a career lawyer negotiate a better journalists are
with them. suggested … deal on the land. discussing …
20
… what the ruling’s By signing … to follow the

The architect
23
impact will be on the contract, terms of the

blamed …
native forests. I agreed … agreement.
… the problems on … to sue for

The company Last night, my
the construction damages for the
threatened … flatmates asked …
company. lost profits.

3B Vocabulary The law and courts
✁
plead guilty petty crime
S
am
cause a nuisance corruption

pl
e
M
crack down on claimant

at
er
patent online fraud

ia
l©
restrict access to information testify for the prosecution

P
ea
the defence custody

rs
on
deny the charges award damages

20
the ruling appeal against the verdict

23
be accused of a crime terms of the agreement

3C Language focus 1 even and hardly
1 Complete the sentences with the words even and hardly.
A Do you consider yourself sporty?

S
am
Definitely. 1 a day goes by when I don’t have some kind of training

session for swimming or rowing. 2 on my rest days, I usually kick around
a ball with some friends or go for a hike.
Rose
pl
I’d 3 call myself sporty, although I do make a habit of walking the

e
three kilometres to work every morning. I’m quite strict with myself so I go
4 if it’s miserable weather.
M
Nabila
at
5 though I enjoy sports, we’ve got two-year-old twins and we’re

expecting another baby so I 6 ever get to play them these days!
er
Owen
ia
B Which sport do you follow most?

l©
I’m a huge basketball fan, I 7 ever miss a match. I think I’ve become
8 more obsessed this season because my team is doing so well.
P
Isabel
ea
Underwater hockey is my favourite sport – I 9 know someone in the

national team. I know 10 anyone plays it compared to some other
sports. It takes a lot of skill to be good at it!
rs
Jerome
on
I 11 follow any sports to be honest, I’m too busy with my postgraduate

studies. People talk about the World Cup coming up and I don’t 12 know
which sport they’re talking about anymore.
20
Adrian
23
2 Write your own responses to the questions in Exercise 1. Use even or hardly in your answers.
A
3 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions using your answers from Exercise 2.

3C Language focus 2 even and hardly
START
S
am
1 2 3 4 5 6
public
travel snacks thunderstorms driving sports
transport
pl
7
e
habits
M
at
8
er
online
gaming
ia
l©
14 13 12 11 10 9
workplace abandoned
blockbusters technology mentoring eating out
irritations buildings
P
ea
15
try something
new for the
rs
first time
on
16
shopping
20
23
17 18 19 20 21
glorious
teamwork photos music
weather
pastimes FINISH

3C Vocabulary Sport events, actions and news
I’ve competed at a club level for a long time while I work a regular job,
✁
but my dream would be to turn … (pro)
S
am
After the gold medal winner failed a drug test, she was … (disqualified)
pl
I’ve almost finished my training on the track today. I’ll just do one final … (lap)
e
M
He's gone for a run because of the calories he wants to … (burn off)
at
Even if you don’t agree with what the referee says, it’s best not to
er
approach and talk … (back)

ia
Top sports people often find companies who, in return for advertising products,
will offer them … (sponsorship)
l©
Did you see that kick to the striker’s shins? It should have been a red card.
Clearly, he was … (fouled)
P
ea
They’re never going to win if they keep losing the ball.

You can’t score if you don’t have … (possession)
rs
on
At my tennis lessons, the coach gave me a lot of tips to play better … (strokes)
It was a photo finish between the first two swimmers.

20
For the whole race they were … (neck and neck)

23
It was such an incredible shot. I don’t know how the goalie managed to save it.
She really knows how to … (dive)
I could hardly believe the rumours about my favourite sportsperson cheating

in the match. He’s been accused of accepting … (bribes)

4A Grammar 1 Defining and non-defining
relative clauses
1 Complete the sentences with the relative pronouns in the box.
during which time in which of which of whom when

S
whereby which (x2) who (x2) whose why

am
2 In which three sentences could the relative pronouns be omitted?

3 Match sentences 1–12 with the words and phrases a–l.
1 This is a condition makes it difficult for someone to read

pl
a commission (v)
and spell. It is estimated to affect 5–10 percent of the population.
e
2 This collocation describes a group of relatives, some

b streak
may be grandparents, aunts or uncles.
M
3 This is an informal phrase people use to say someone

c extended family
is able to act quickly and intelligently.
at
4 This verb describes an action a person or organisation

d dyslexia
is requested to do a particular piece of work for which they are paid.
er
5 Apparently, feeling this way has risen over the last few decades,
e offspring
social media use has soared.
ia
6 If there’s a time you need another word to mean someone’s

l©
f on the ball
child or children, you could use this.
7 This informal phrase could be used to describe someone

g promising
is very ill, unhappy or injured.
P
8 This quality is the reason someone might make decisions,

h mutually beneficial
ea
or take action, without waiting to be told what to do.
9 This adjective could describe a person potential to be

i paralysed
successful in a certain area is very high.
rs
10 This adjective describes a part of someone’s body they

j initiative
on
have no feeling and cannot move.
11 This noun is often preceded by character adjectives, some

k insecure
are stubborn, mean and independent.
20
12 This collocation means that a situation is good or acceptable

l in a bad way
to both or all the people are involved.
23
4 Choose three words or phrases you have learned during this course. Write your own sentences
about the words using relative clauses.
5 Work in pairs. Share your three words or phrases for your partner to match.

4A Grammar 2 Defining and non-defining
relative clauses
c
✁
A very good morning to everyone. I’d like to welcome all of our
S
visitors,
am
e
some of whom have travelled a long way to be here today.
During this open day,

pl
b
e
which has become an annual tradition here at Halsey College, you

will have the opportunity to explore our beautiful campus,
M
f
at
whereby you’ll experience a small taste of student life.
We also have a group of student volunteers,

1 Put the cards in the correct order
er
j to create a welcome speech for a

university open day.
who will guide you on your visit, waiting at the entrance over there.
ia
2 Work in pairs. Imagine you have

You’ll be taken to see the rooms, been asked to give a welcome
speech in one of the following
l©
d situations.
• An open day at your school,
in which teaching takes place, the dormitories university or organisation.
• A group of contract workers to
P
k your workplace.
• A group of international
ea
where students sleep, and the new recreational facilities, students to your town.
• Your own idea.
Write your welcome speech. Use the
rs
h words/phrases below to write at least

which opened just last month. five different relative clauses.
on
• during which time

Make sure you stop by the cafeteria between 12 and 3 p.m.,
• in which
g • of which
• of whom
20
during which time light refreshments will be served. • when

• where
a • whereby
23
• which
Thank you again for coming. By the end of the day, I am confident
• who
you will understand the reasons
• whose
i • why
3 Work in groups. Read your welcome

why students love studying at Halsey College. speeches to each other.

4A Vocabulary Describing different age groups
1 My assistant is always ready to deal with 2 My little sister contacted several companies
✁
unexpected issues, he’s really on her own and
S
. got a job!
am
3 Since he was diagnosed with 4 Her stubborn

, his teachers is coming out – everything we ask her to do
have been much more understanding. turns into a battle!
pl
e
5 6
We’re looking for a web designer with a It was her first break-up and she’s devastated.
eye for detail. I’m afraid she’s .
M
at
7 My neighbour is a 8
I know she’s inexperienced, but I believe
violinist – he’s just been selected to play in
she has lots of .
er
the national orchestra.

ia
9 My boss was 10 He’s quite shy and feels a bit

from the waist down in a car accident a few when he meets
l©
years ago. new people.
dyslexia paralysed
P
ea
in a bad way potential

rs
on
initiative promising
20
insecure sharp
23
on the ball streak

4B Grammar 1 Noun phrases
1 What do people usually wear to get married or attend a wedding in your culture?
Is this changing over time? Why/Why not?
S
2 Put the words in the correct order to make noun phrases.

am
3 Complete the texts with the correct noun phrases, a–f.
A a dress / silk / patterns / detailed / with B a a / Sydney Opera House, / building / the /
pl
famous
b India / the / of / capital / New Delhi,

e
b wedding / outfits / wearing / people

c wearing / people / bright / such / colours
M
c expensive / wear / you’ll / the most /

d I / wore / the / sari
thing / ever
at
e clothes / traditional / Indian

er
d perfect / portrait / wedding / the

f celebrations / week-long
e spots / tourist / beautiful
ia
f I / a lot / see / something

l©
P
ea
rs
on
My cousin’s wife, Amita, grew up in I work near 1 , and 2 is

1 b . As part of their 2 , wedding 3 . A lot of overseas visitors spend
guests were encouraged to wear 3 . their honeymoon travelling around
20
I’d never seen 4 . For example, 5 4 , dressing up again for 5 .

was vivid-pink. Amita wore a 6 . I guess it’s a clever idea to re-use 6 !
23
Milly Dan
4 Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.

• Have you been to a wedding? What did you wear?
• What do you know about wedding clothes in different cultural traditions?

4B Grammar 2 Noun phrases
1 Work in pairs. Make a list of ten things you need for one of the situations in
the box, or your own ideas. Use a range of noun phrase types to give detail of
S
the items you choose.

am
Top ten things …

… for a fantastic trip to the beach.
… you need to wear around here to look like a local.
pl
… to take in a carry-on bag for a long flight.

… for a student of English.
e
… for an emergency survival kit.

… needed for your favourite pastime.
M
at
Top ten things …

er
ia
1
l©
102
3
P
4
ea
5
rs
6
7
on
8
9
20
10
23
2 Work in groups. Discuss why you chose the items on your list.
I think a reusable water bottle is a useful thing for a student to have, so you can stay
hydrated in class.

4B Vocabulary Clothes and fashion
Student A
✁
S
am
pl
e
M
at
er
ia
l©
Student B
P
ea
rs
on
20
23

4C Language focus 1 Prepositions 1
1 Complete the phrases with the correct preposition.

S
Finding common ground

am
1 A foreign country you would both be keen visiting.

pl
2 Something you both participate regularly.

e
3 A topic you both think there should be more emphasis at school.

M
4 A type of technology you both think too many people are addicted .
at
er
5 Something you’d both like to succeed .

ia
6 Something you are both fed up .

l©
7 Something you both find people their 20s and 80s have in common.
P
8 A global issue you both worry .

ea
9 Something you both check a daily basis.

rs
on
10 An animal you’re both terrified .
11 Something you’ve both done accident.

20
12 Something you’re both capable doing quite well.

23
2 Work in pairs. Find answers you have in common for as many items as you can
in five minutes. Write down your answers.

4C Language focus 2 Prepositions 1
✁
addicted to in debt
S
am
appeal to jealous of
pl
e
approve of keen on
M
at
by accident on purpose
er
ia
capable of rebel against

l©
crazy about succeed in

P
ea
dedication to terrified of
rs
on
emphasis on the key to

20
23
fed up with without doubt
have faith in worry about

4C Vocabulary Influences and identity
1 Choose the correct alternatives to complete each statement.

S
1 Leading sport stars are more influential/meaningful than politicians.

am
1 2 3 4 5
2 It’s leading/pointless for parents to tell their adult children what to do.
pl
1 2 3 4 5
e
3 Photos aren’t as blessing/meaningful as they used to be because people take so many.

M
1 2 3 4 5
at
4 If you’ve received some equal/invaluable advice, you have a duty to share it.
1 2 3 4 5
er
5 Rebelling/Standing out against authority is a normal part of growing up.

ia
1 2 3 4 5
l©
6 I hope some of this enthusiasm rubs off/impacts on me!

1 2 3 4 5
P
At school, there should be more emphasis/stand out on skills relevant to day-to-day adult life.
ea
1 2 3 4 5
rs
8 As we age, we usually get better at counting our blessings or feeling gratitude/emphasis.

on
1 2 3 4 5
9 Over time, the personalities of your friends impact/rebel your own personality.
20
1 2 3 4 5
I’d rather stand out/rub off than fit in.

23
10
1 2 3 4 5
2 Decide how much you agree from 1 to 5 (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree).
3 Work in pairs. Take turns to choose a statement to discuss.

5A Grammar 1 Continuous forms
S
am
pl
1 Work in pairs. Look at the pictures. Think of an advantage and a disadvantage for each form of
commuting.
e
2 Complete the comments 1–4 and replies a–d with the correct form of the words in brackets.
M
1
I saw a video of a guy who lives in Barcelona but (commute) to
at
London four days a week for the last few years, an eighty-minute flight each way!
er
2 I (drive) to work yesterday and saw a very near miss between one
of those e-scooters and a pedestrian. I (start) to think e-scooters
should be banned.
ia
3
I finally got my motorcycle licence yesterday. I (ride) to work from
l©
now on!
4
At the moment remote worker numbers (grow). In a few years’
time I think the majority of office workers (might/work) from home.
P
ea
a
rs
Really? I (use) one for a while. I find it fun, fast and convenient.
on
b
Now I (wonder) about asking my boss if I could start doing
it one day a week!
c
20
you (think) about it for a while? I

(consider) getting mine last summer, but I never got around to it.
23
d
Wow, he (must/spend) a fortune on plane tickets!
3 Match comments 1–4 with replies a–d.

4 Work in pairs. Discuss your opinions on comments 1–4.

5A Grammar 2 Continuous forms
1 Complete the sentences with the correct continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
More than one form may be possible.
S
am
2 Find a classmate for as many statements as you can. Write their name in the
second column.
Find someone who … Name

pl
1 (live) in
e
this area for a similar length of time

to you.
M
at
2 (watch)
an addictive series at the moment.
er
3
ia
(might/go) out of town in the next

few weeks.
l©
4 (stop) to
do something on the way home today.
P
ea
5 recently made a decision he/she

(think)
about for a while.
rs
6
on
(celebrate) something very soon.

20
7
(concentrate) during the explanation
of continuous forms.
23
8
(wouldn’t/sit) here if they heard their
favourite celebrity was nearby.

5A Vocabulary Commuting
✁
BEAT THE RUSH! major hold-up on suspicious package
the southbound
S
carriageway on the road

am
15
take the new bypass
pl
debris on the tracks

14 to save time
e
13
M
12 major roadblock after

no delays to report
at
a lorry shed its load

11
er
10
ia
you avoid a tailback traffic is crawling

9
l©
8
a building has been power failure causes
P
evacuated and people underground

7 are blocking the road evacuation
ea
6
rs
5 roadworks slow traffic lights not

things down working
on
4
20
3 train is out of order,

diversion due to
take the replacement
a pile-up
bus service
2
23
1
conductor gives the
traffic is flowing
all-clear for the train
freely
to leave the station

5B Grammar 1 Participle clauses
1 Look at the poster about New Zealand. Which of the tourist attractions sound most appealing to you?
2 Rewrite the first half of each sentence as a participle clause.
S
Destination New Zealand

am
1 Ninety Mile Beach

This golden beach offers sand dunes, surf and sunsets. It is almost
pl
never-ending!
, this
golden beach is almost never-ending!
e
M
2 Waitemata Harbour
Once you’ve explored Auckland city, take a ferry from the mainland to visit
one of the many islands nearby.
at
, take a ferry
from the mainland to visit one of the many islands nearby.
er
3 Goat Island
This marine reserve was established in 1975. It has great snorkelling along
ia
its rocky shoreline.

, this marine
reserve has great snorkelling along its rocky shoreline.
l©
4 Rotorua
After you spend the day mountain biking, relax in a natural thermal pool.
P
, relax
in a natural thermal pool.
ea
rs
5 Tongariro Crossing
This walk has been voted one of the world’s best one-day hikes. It will take
you through diverse landscape with volcanic ridges, valleys and forest.
on
, this walk will

take you through diverse landscape with volcanic ridges, valleys and forest.
6 Abel Tasman National Park

20
As you hike from bay to bay, you can stop for a swim in clear turquoise
waters.
you can stop
23
for a swim in clear turquoise waters.
3 Choose two natural wonders or tourist attractions which you would you recommend in your country.
Describe them using participle clauses.
4 Work in groups and share your ideas.

5B Grammar 2 Participle clauses
S
am
pl
e
M
at
er
ia
l©
Base camp, Mount Everest, the Himalayas, Nepal

P
ea
1 Work in groups. What do you know about Mount Everest?
2 Listen to a text about Mount Everest. Take notes.

rs
3 Work in groups. Reconstruct as much of the text as you can. Use participle clauses.
on
4 Compare your text to the original.

✁
20
Rising to 8,848 metres above sea level, Mount Everest is the world’s highest peak.
Located in the Himalayas, its summit is on the border between Nepal and Tibet.
23
Formed over millions of years, the ranges grow in height by a few centimetres
annually.
Climbed successfully for the first time in 1953, Mount Everest has become a popular
tourist destination. Having said that, the climb is incredibly dangerous. Facing icy
temperatures and limited oxygen, only a few adventurers make it up the final ridge.

5B Vocabulary Geographical features
Student A
✁
S
1 Work with Student B. Take turns to read

a phrase describing a tourist experience.
am
Complete your partner’s phrases with

the words from the box.
pl
channel marsh ridge sandy

shoreline valley
e
1 Swim under a .
2 Dive in a marine .
M
3 Ride a camel on sand .

at
4 Watch ice break off a .

5 Walk a mountain , high above sea level.
er
6 Visit a remote island far from the .

ia
2 Do you know any places where you could do the experiences in Exercise 1?
3 Discuss which of the experiences you have done, would like to do or would never do.
l©
Student B
P
1 Work with Student A. Take turns to read

ea
a phrase describing a tourist experience.

Complete your partner’s phrases with
the words from the box.
rs
dunes glacier mainland

pass reserve waterfall
on
1 Abseil off a .
2 alarm
Relax on a astonish beach.
convince delight depress encourage
20
3 Explore a rocky at low tide.

4 Kayak across a .
23
5entertain
View autumn leaves
exhaustin a forest
frustrate .
infuriate insult overwhelm
6 Spot wildlife at a .
2 Do you know any places where you could do the experiences in Exercise 1?
satisfy scare stress tempt upset worry
3 Discuss which of the experiences you have done, would like to do or would never do.

5C
1a Language focus 1 Translation and collocation
1 Choose the correct words to complete the phrases.

S
1 a friend’s house/home 2 be in a care house/home

3 do up my house/home 4 feel at house/home
am
5 go round to their house/home 6 heading house/home

7 house/home hunting 8 house/home improvement
9 leave house/home
pl
10 house/home ownership
11 wake up the whole house/home 12 house/home-warming party
e
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the collocations from Exercise 1.
M
1 Quick, turn that alarm off, you’re going to !

at
2 My grandmother, who , is frail, but sharp as ever.

3 I’ve been invited to a . What shall I take?
er
4 Seeing as you can do virtual tours, is becoming

much easier in the age of the internet.
ia
5 I don’t enjoy , but I’m happy to watch TV shows

about it.
l©
6 Just one more thing to do at the office, then I’ll be .

7 Young people sometimes move back in with their parents a few times before they
permanently.
8 I’m staying over at tonight.
P
9 If I’m going to , I always call first, even if I’m just

ea
dropping something off.

10 We’re in our spare time, starting with the kitchen.
rs
11 The host was very kind and made us .

12 Taking into account price rises, it isn’t surprising that
on
rates are declining.
3 Which three collocations from this lesson are most relevant to you at the moment?
20
1
2
23
4 Work in pairs and compare your answers. Give a reason for your choice.

5C Language focus 2 Translation and collocation
Pair A cards
✁
S
make my day
am
make sense
pl
e
make yourself at home

M
do the cooking
at
er
do up a house
ia
do our homework
l©
Pair B cards
✁
P
make a house a home

ea
the most of an opportunity

rs
make
on
make sure that

20
do the dishes
23
do the right thing
do a good job

5C Vocabulary Describing homes and decoration
✁
1 2
two things that could two household appliances
S
be antiques worth a lot

am
3 4
two things that could be on a two advantages of a
pl
bookshelf other than books spacious room

e
M
5 6
two advantages of storing two ways someone might make
at
items neatly their garden or patio shady

er
7 8
ia
two suburbs that are two things someone could

very exclusive put in a pot
l©
9 10
two places that should two reasons someone might
P
be spotless have blinds

ea
rs
11 12
two things someone might
two things that could be polished
have stacks of
on
20
13 14
two things in a home that two things that could be
could be fitted made of china
23
15 16
two things that could two reasons someone might put
be clutter a certificate on their wall

6A Grammar 1 Adverbs and adverbial phrases
1 If you had an online shop, what would you sell? What strategies could you use to encourage people to
buy your products?
S
2 Complete the blog post with the adverbs and adverbial phrases in the box.
am
by name equally ever again extremely for a limited time increasingly in an advertisement
in English in London literally not surprisingly rapidly sharply thirty seconds later without delay
HOME BLOGS FORUMS ABOUT CONTACTS

pl
Five tricks to make you click

e
In an 1 competitive market, online businesses often use clever strategies

to get your cash.
M
1 Selling a dream
Companies do this with slogans, telling you that if you buy this shirt, ‘you won’t have to worry
at
2 ’. They also do it with images and videos, which send messages

like ‘Buy this bag, and your daily life will transform into an amazing adventure’ or ‘Drink this coffee and
you’ll 3 become successful. ’ Obviously, you know that these things
er
aren’t 4 going to happen, but they may still motivate you to get out
your credit card.
2 Using your name
ia
Apparently, your name is the most powerful word you can hear 5 .
More and more companies are personalising online ads and marketing campaigns to appeal to you
l©
6 to get your attention.

3 Including high impact words
7 , many studies say that after your name, you is the most effective word
in an advertisement. Other words 8 which will supposedly persuade
customers to buy things are: now, free, results, guarantee, easiest and because.
P
4 Highlighting stock limits

ea
You could be influenced to purchase something 9 by real or fake

information related to product availability. If there’s only one hat left in stock, naturally, you’re more likely
to buy it right now to avoid missing out. 10 influential are warnings
that deals are 11 only, or 12 general
rs
statements such as prices may rise.

5 I’ll have what she’s having
on
You are looking at umbrellas online when you suddenly get a notification that someone called Lisa
13 just bought the exact model you were looking at.
14 , there’s another note telling you that Jack in Toronto has bought one,
too. This technique may convince you to buy this popular item now.
20
Of course, if you happen to work in online sales, you might want to try some of these tips yourself, and
watch your profits rise 15 as a result.
23
3 Find and underline five other adverbs in the blog which the writer uses to show opinion.
4 Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Start sentences with adverbs or adverbial phrases.
• Have you experienced any of the strategies in the blog post?
• Which of the strategies do you think is most effective?
• What other strategies do you think online businesses use?
Once … A couple of years ago … Personally … Obviously … Generally …

6A Grammar 2 Adverbs and adverbial phrases
Who’s who?
✁
S
Student number:
am
1
2
pl
3
4
e
5
M
at this school generally incredibly in the last few years quickly

at
Who’s who?
er
Student number:
ia
1
l©
2
3
4
P
5
ea
in another country obviously over recent years quite slowly

rs
Who’s who?
on
Student number:
20
1
2
23
3
4
5
almost at weekends happily in this area personally

6A Vocabulary Successful and failing businesses
1A 1B
✁
Staff turnover is high. Annual turnover is high.
S
am
2A 2B
I work in middle management. I work in retail management.

pl
e
3A 3B
I want us to focus on I want our focus to be on
the positives. the positives.
M
at
4A 4B
Let’s branch out and try Let’s try out the new branch in
something new. the city centre.
er
ia
5A 5B
They’re valued customers. They’re valuable customers.

l©
6A 6B
We’re struggling to get an edge We’re finding it difficult to get
P
over our competitors. an edge over our competitors.

ea
7A The government wants to break up 7B

The government wants to split up
the monopoly the company has on the company which has control of
rs
the market. the market.

on
8A 8B
We’re interested in growing our We’re interested in sustainable
sustainable agriculture company. growth for our agriculture company.
20
9A 9B
23
I sit on the company board. I’m a member of the company board.
10A 10B
They’re undermining us. They’re undercutting us.

6B Grammar 1 Further passive constructions
1 Work in pairs.
Have you ever
S
heard of, or
participated in,
am
Earth Hour?
2 Read the facts

about Earth
Hour. Choose
pl
the correct
alternatives
(a, b or both) to
e
complete the
sentences.
M
Nanjing, a major city in China, goes dark for Earth Hour.

at
Earth Hour: switch off lights for the planet

er
1 You may have heard of Earth Hour, a global movement annually in late March.
a held b is held
2 If in Earth Hour, individuals, communities and businesses commit to turning off
ia
non-essential electric lights for one scheduled hour.

a they are involved b involved
l©
3 Landmarks in big cities all over the world are switching off lights to show their support. It needs to
be seen !
a to have believed b to be believed
4 Many participants want to emphasise to world leaders that steps to preserve our planet.
P
a must be taken b have to be taken

ea
5 Earth Hour is rumoured transformations such as the creation of a marine reserve in

Argentina, a forest in Uganda and a plastic ban in the Galapagos.
a to have influenced b to be influenced
rs
6 Another reason for Earth Hour is so that conversations about living a more sustainable lifestyle
.
a might be said to be started b might be started
on
7 It that discussing issues and solutions may be the catalyst for longer-lasting changes.
a is believed b has believed
8 Earth Hour is said millions of people to engage with climate change.
20
a to have influenced b to influence

9 After successfully in Sydney in 2007 by the World Wildlife Fund, Earth Hour went
international the next year.
23
a being hosted b to be hosted

10 Today, the event to be hosted in over 188 countries and territories worldwide.
a has thought b is thought
3 Work in pairs. Do you think Earth Hour is an effective way to encourage environmental
transformation? Why/Why not? What other events might be hosted to highlight a green cause?

6B Grammar 2 Further passive constructions
Student A
✁
1 Work with Student B to complete the text. Don’t show each other your worksheets.
S
Wearable Arts Festival

am
In a wearable arts festival, the art 1

by a model on stage. The outfits have to be seen
2 ! Entrants are only limited by
their imagination! Outfits 3 of
pl
feathers, recycled bottles, paper, metal, even electric lights. One participant
interviewed said he had spent 400 hours constructing a creation
e
4 tractor tyre rubber.

Competition is high, and only the very best entries are selected to be
M
modelled in the show after 5

for creativity, quality and safety. National competitions are said to
at
have inspired thousands of schools to host similar events.
2 Choose a festival you both know about or invent your own festival. Think about …
er
… what it’s called.

… when it’s enjoyed.
… where it could be hosted.
ia
… what kinds of things might need to be set up or required.

… how long it’s believed to have been going on.
l©
3 Work in groups. Tell each other about the festivals you chose.
Student B
P
1 Work with Student A to complete the text. Don’t show each other your worksheets.
ea
Wearable Arts Festival

In a wearable arts festival, the art must be able to be worn by a model on
stage. The outfits 1 to be believed!
rs
Entrants 2 by their imagination!

Outfits could be made of feathers, recycled bottles, paper, metal, even
electric lights. One participant 3 said
on
he had spent 400 hours constructing a creation made of tractor tyre rubber.
Competition is high, and only the very best entries
4 in the show after being
judged for creativity, quality and safety. National competitions
20
5 thousands of schools to host

similar events.
23
2 Choose a festival you both know about or invent your own festival. Think about …
… what it’s called.
… when it’s enjoyed.
… where it could be hosted.
… what kinds of things might need to be set up or required.
… how long it’s believed to have been going on.
3 Work in groups. Tell each other about the festivals you chose.

6B Vocabulary Hosting events
1 What kind of infrastructure is required to successfully host a prestigious event?

✁
S
2 How effective do you think boycotts are in prompting governments or

am
organisations to change the way things are done?
3 What might be possible catalysts for a city to bid to host a major event?
pl
4 What kinds of steps might reduce instances of corruption?

e
M
5 Why do you think cost estimates for hosting events often turn out to be inaccurate?
at
6 How could you find out about grants which are available in your area?
er
7 Think of a place that has gone through a transformation which has boosted
visitor numbers.
ia
8 Think of a high-profile building or piece of art. Do you know who was commissioned
l©
to design or make it?
A Something or someone that causes an important change or event to happen.

P
B An amount of money given to someone, especially by the government,

ea
for a particular purpose.
C The basic systems and structures that a country or organisation needs to work
rs
properly, e.g. roads, railways, electricity, etc.

on
D A calculation of how much it will probably cost to do something.
E Requested to do a piece of work for which they are paid, e.g. as an artist,
20
designer or architect.
F When someone, especially someone with power, behaves in a way which isn’t
23
honest, legal or moral.
G When people refuse to buy or use something, or take part in something as a way
of protesting.
H A complete change in someone or something.

6C Language focus 1 Word grammar and patterns
(expect, surprised )
1 Find and correct the mistake in six of the comments.
A Izzy and Pip have just been to a modern poetry reading.

S
am
1 The whole thing wasn’t as long as I expected.
2 I’d have expected the poets being older, wouldn’t you?

pl
e
3 I was surprised that beautiful the venue looked at night.

M
4 I didn’t expect there to be free food. Those crackers were delicious.

at
5 I wasn’t expecting to be so crowded.

er
6 I was surprised how moving it was, actually.

ia
l©
B Tim and Matt have just been to a photographic exhibition.
1 The tickets were cheaper than I expect.

P
ea
2 I wasn’t expecting it having such a long queue to get in!

rs
3 I was surprised how many photos were of landscapes I recognised.

on
4 I expected something more mediocre.

20
5 I suppose I was expecting the photos to be a bit more outrageous.

23
6 I didn’t expect the photographer be there! That was cool.
2 Work in pairs. Take turns to say one of the comments. Respond by using a different
grammar pattern with expect/surprised to show you agree.
A: I wasn’t expecting there to be so many people there.
B: Yeah, I was surprised how many people there were, too.

6C Language focus 2 Word grammar and patterns
(expect, surprised)
1 2
✁
S
am
pl
e
M
3 4
brrr
at
er
ia
l©
5 6
£100!!!!
P
ea
rs
on
7 8
20
23

6C Vocabulary Talking about arts events
✁
S
am
• out of tune • moving

• acts • community arts project
pl
• collaborative • indie film

e
M
at
er
ia
• outrageous • disappointment
l©
• cabaret • stand-up comedy

• fast-paced • intense
P
ea
rs
on
20
• mediocre • over-the-top
• photographic exhibition • gig
23
• literary • folk duo

7A Grammar 1 Adding comments using
must and can’t
1 Read the comments 1–7. Tick the appropriate responses.
More than one response may be possible.
1 Guess what? I’ve got that job I applied for! I’m relocating to Thailand!
S
 a Congratulations! You must be so pleased!

am
 b You must have impressed them at the interview! Well done!

 c You can’t have been pleased!
pl
2 I’ve always wanted to live abroad!

 a You can’t be excited.
LIVING IN
e


b You must be so excited!
c You must have been so excited! Thailand
M
3 Unfortunately, a good friend also applied for the same job.

ECONOMY
at
 a That must have been awkward. BOARDING

PASS
TICKET
SEAT
 b You must have been in a difficult position. ENGER
FLIGHT
DATE
04DEC 69J
NAME OF PASS TG525
er
 c That can’t have been awkward. ONE WAY AIR

ROADMAP
MR
LON
FROM LONDON /
4 We had a huge falling-out over it. GKOK / BKK
BAN
ia
TO
BOARDING TIM
E 13:45
 a That must have been hard. GATE H14
 b You can’t be fun.
l©
 c That can’t have been fun.
5 Luckily, I hear he’s now been offered another job.


P
a That can’t be a relief.

 b That must be a relief.
ea
 c That must have been a relief!
6 Anyway, I’ve already found an apartment online.

rs
 a You can’t have been very efficient.


on
b You must be very efficient!

 c You must have been very efficient.
7 It even has a roof-top pool!

20
 a You mustn’t be serious! Lucky you!

 b You can’t be serious! Lucky you!

23
c You must be joking! Lucky you!
2 Work in pairs. Roleplay the conversation in Exercise 1. Take turns in each role.
Respond to responses as if they were questions.
A: Guess what? I got that job I applied for!
B: You must be so excited!
A: Yeah, I’m really pleased.

7A Grammar 2 Adding comments using
must and can’t
Student A
✁
S
Work with Student B. Take turns to read the sentences (1–6). Respond using
must or can’t with a word or phrase from the box or your own ideas.
am
cool exhausted not fun not true pleased useful

pl
1 Hey. Did I tell you about my brother getting engaged? He and his fiancé are tying the
knot next month.
e
2 I’m not sure if I’ve told you or not, but my interview went well and they’ve offered me
M
the job.
3 I don’t know if you knew or not, but the other week, someone slipped on the stairs in
at
the office and broke their ankle.
4 I’m sorry, but I can’t find your name on the class list.
er
5 So, last night, I heard this really weird sound on the roof.
ia
6 As part of my course, I have to give a speech in front of 200 people.

l©
Student B
P
Work with Student A. Take turns to read the sentences (1–6). Respond using
ea
must or can’t with a word or phrase from the box or your own ideas.
easy exciting impressed them not right painful scared

rs
1 Did you know that the other day, a company was giving out free ice creams just outside
on
this building?
2 Guess what? The bus broke down on the way to class and I had to walk for two hours to
get here!
20
3 Someone told me our next class is going to be cancelled.

23
4 I’m not sure if I’ve told you or not, but I passed my driving test last week.
5 Yesterday, it started pouring down and I got soaked.
6 Hey. Did I tell you that I went to a really good conversation class the other day?

7A Vocabulary Life’s ups and downs
My grandparents are approaching their 1 , but they’ve had

✁
their ups and downs over the years.
S
am
They met for the first time when Gran 2 to Canada for her
3 .
pl
At a 4 for new students, she met another student who was

also originally from her 5 Wales.
e
They started meeting to study, and eventually decided to 6

M
as a couple.
at
They 7 in the same week as their graduation.

er
Mum 8
ia
a few years after their wedding.

l©
Unfortunately, my Mum was eight weeks 9 and was

seriously ill.
P
Mum says it took them a long time to 10 having such a

sick baby.
ea
Then, when Mum was about ten, my Gran unexpectedly 11

rs
a large farm from a distant relative.

on
Sadly, my grandparents had a huge 12 over what to do with it

and decided they needed 13 .
20
They realised after just a few weeks that neither of them actually wanted a
14 from each other.
23
Ten years later, Mum 15 , and it became just the two of them.
Every time I visit, they seem really happy.
a trial separation arrived clean break come to terms with doctorate falling-out
flew the nest get-together golden anniversary inherited make a go of it native
premature relocated tied the knot

7B Grammar 1 Second, third and mixed conditionals
1 Work in pairs. In your experience, how common are the following things?
Think of a potential problem related to each one.
• more bad news than good news
S
• fake news on social media

am
• rich individuals or companies controlling the media

• paywalls on news websites
pl
2 Complete the opinions on the news with the correct conditional form of the verbs
in brackets.
e
M
People 1 (be) less anxious if they

2 (not see) awful stories again and again
at
online. If we all 3 (consume) more good

news, or less news overall, I think it 4 (increase)
our happiness.
er
ia
I5 (find) it helpful if the internet

l©
6 (block) fake news more effectively. I’m

embarrassed to admit that I’ve shared a few articles on social media, which
turned out to be false. I 7 (believe) them if
they 8 (appear) so realistic.
P
ea
If huge companies and rich individuals 9

rs
(not own) news companies, they 10 (have)

such a big effect on the way news is presented. If citizens
on
11 (realise) how much influence the owners

have, they 12 (ask) a few more questions.
20
On my city newspaper’s website, they’ve recently introduced a paywall,

23
which I think was a mistake. They 13

(should/keep) the news free. If they 14
(introduce) the paywall, I 15 (still/read)
their news.
3 Work in pairs. Do you agree with the opinions in Exercise 2? Why/Why not?

7B Grammar 2 Second, third and mixed conditionals
✁
S
If people heard more

If I took a year off, …
am
good news …
pl
e
If I hadn’t come to
If I was world famous, …
class today, …
M
at
er
If my childhood dreams
If we won a class trip abroad, …
ia
had come true, I …

l©
P
My life would have turned

I’d like it if …
ea
out really differently if …

rs
on
People might not

I would be surprised if …
recognise me if …
20
23
People wouldn’t make offensive This morning I probably

comments online if … should’ve …

7B Vocabulary Talking about the news
✁
POLAND GETS THROUGH TO THE SEMI-FINALS
S
am
Creates huge fan excitement, massive coverage promised

pl
MAJOR BREAKTHROUGH FOR ARTHRITIS SUFFERERS

e
New treatment widely welcomed by doctors

M
THREE COUNTRIES WITHDRAW FROM CLIMATE

at
CHANGE TREATY
er
Renewable energy cost a contributing factor

ia
GOVERNMENT IMPOSES TARIFFS ON IMPORTS

l©
Triggers riots and violence from port workers

P
ea
NETWORK PROMISES MASSIVE COVERAGE OF

THE OLYMPICS
rs
Extra channel planned for the two-week period

on
REPORT EXPOSES COMPANY BOARD COVER-UP

20
Fraud may lead to member resignations

23
FOOTBALL STAR CAUSES OUTRAGE
No apology for offensive comment

7C Language focus 1 Phrases to show the
relationship between ideas
1 Work in pairs. Read the title of the article and predict the arguments that each student might make.
2 Choose the correct alternatives to complete the two opinions in the article.
S
Is holding a referendum a good way to make decisions?

am
Yes, says Kitty Redgrave No, says Isaac Miller

The outcome of a referendum will never please A referendum sounds like a good idea in theory,
pl
everybody. 1Even so/Taking that into account, I believe because it allows citizens to participate in
they’re a great tool and should be used more. decision-making. 7Considering that/And yet, I think
e
they’re incredibly problematic for a number of reasons.

First of all, a lot of people complain that they have no
say in decision-making. 2Even so/Taking that into account, Firstly, most people don’t have time or just can’t be
M
holding a referendum is a great way to give everyone an bothered to educate themselves properly on the issues
equal voice. 3Given that/Having said that, it really annoys at stake. 8Considering that/And yet, they can make
me if people don’t go out and vote when they have the choices at the polling station based on emotion rather
at
chance, then complain about it. than evidence.

It’s also often said that citizens aren’t educated Secondly, referendums are incredibly expensive and
er
enough on referendum topics to vote sensibly. 9given that/even so, I’d rather money was spent on
4 Bearing that in mind/But all the same, we all have unique health or education instead.
life experiences which can inform our point of view.
ia
Thirdly, debate often seems to divide people, with a

I’ll admit that sometimes referendum campaigns get lot of negative messages coming from citizens on both
very negative. 5Despite that/Despite of that, holding a sides about people who hold an opposite view.
l©
referendum definitely boosts the amount of discussion 10Even so/ Taking that into account, I think it’s especially
about the issue, which has got to be a good thing! unwise to hold referendums about sensitive moral
6Bearing issues.
all of the above in mind/In spite of all that, I
actually wish we had more referendums. I’d be at the Finally, if politicians promise to implement the result,
P
polling station casting my vote every time I had the they may be left to action something that they know is
opportunity! going to cause harm. 11But again then/But then again, if
ea
they don’t promise to follow through, then what’s the

point of even holding a referendum?
12 In
rs
spite of all of the above/Bearing all of the above in mind,

if there was a referendum, I would definitely vote.
However, I’d much prefer other types of citizen
on
consultation, like discussion groups or opportunities to

submit ideas online.
20
3 Write your opinion on whether you think referendums are a good way to make decisions
23
(or another topic). Use at least three phrases to show the relationship between your ideas.

7C Language focus 2 Phrases to show the
relationship between ideas
1 Work in pairs. Read the facts from some studies about voter turnout.
Which is most surprising?
S
1 The older people are, the more likely they are to vote.
am
Bearing that in mind, there should be more campaigns to encourage younger

people to vote.
2 If people believe that an election result is likely to be close, there will be a higher turnout.
pl
e
3 Apparently, when people receive personal information about candidates, they are more
likely to vote.
M
at
4 When voters are confident of their vote being secret, it increases turnout.
er
5 The most significant factor which influences whether someone will vote is their level
ia
of education.
l©
6 Cost can be a barrier to turnout. When some Swiss regions reduced charges on postal
votes, participation increased.
P
ea
7 If there are lots of elections in a short period of time, voter turnout usually goes down.
rs
8 Weather can be a contributing factor. In the US, rain reduces turnout by 1% per inch.
on
20
2 Write a sentence showing your opinion after each fact in Exercise 1. Use phrases
to show the relationships between the ideas. In your sentences, you could …
23
… say whether you think the fact would apply in your country.
… say whether you think the effect would be small or large.
… compare the facts to each other.
… consider whether the situation might change in the future.
3 Work in groups and compare your ideas.

7C Vocabulary Voting and elections
✁
S
am
cast your vote coalition electoral system fixed have no say hold a referendum implement
manifesto nominate polling stations recount re-elected re-election voter turnout
pl
e
M
at

er
ia
l©
P
cast your vote manifesto

ea
coalition nominate
rs
electoral system polling stations

on
fixed recount
20
have no say re-elected

23
hold a referendum re-election
implement voter turnout

8A Grammar 1 Complex questions
1 Work in pairs. What types of questions are candidates normally asked in a job interview?
How would you go about preparing for a job interview?
S
2 Put the words in brackets in the correct order to form job interview questions for a
am
project manager role.
Getting to know you

pl
1 you decide to apply for this position?

(was / what / it / made / that)
e
2 most proud of in your career to date?

(that / is / what / you’re / it)
M
3 yourself in five years’ time?

(you / is / where / it / that / see)
at
Industry knowledge
er
4 the biggest challenges facing our industry today are?

(you / do / what / suppose)
ia
5 project management will change in the next few years?

(do / you / imagine / how / that)
l©
6 as a creative company in this industry right now?

(do / view / you / who)
Specific knowledge
P
7 go about building connections with the team?

ea
(would / that / how / you / it / is)

8 the most important steps in beginning a new project are?
(what / think / that / you / do)
rs
9 consider a project complete?

(is / when / would / that / it / you)
on
Asking about your previous position
10 your previous position involved?

20
(was / exactly / what / that / it)

11 your biggest achievement in this role was?
23
(believe / that / what / you / do)

12 decided to leave?
(it / that / is / why / you)
3 Work in pairs. Which of the questions do you think you might be asked in a job interview
in your field? What other questions might you be asked? Can you express them as
complex questions?

8A Grammar 2 Complex questions
Student A
✁
S
1 You’re going to interview Student B about something they’re interested in.

am
Ask Student B to choose a topic.
Topic:
pl
2 Write complex questions to ask Student B under the following headings.
Reasons for interest:

e
Length of interest:
M
Information about the topic:

at
Recommendations/suggestions for others:

er
Other:
ia
l©
3 Interview Student B.
Student B
P
1 You’re going to interview Student A about something they’re interested in.

ea
Ask Student A to choose a topic.
Topic:
rs
2 Write complex questions to ask Student A under the following headings.

on
Reasons for interest:
Length of interest:
20
Information about the topic:

23
Recommendations/suggestions for others:
Other:
3 Interview Student A.

8A Vocabulary Describing what your job involves
Is it true?
✁
Most people have assembled a piece of flat pack furniture.
S
am
Is it true?
More and more people are monitoring how much carbon dioxide they produce.
pl
Is it true?
A few people have devised a system for revising English vocabulary.
e
M
Is it true?
No one in the class has ever fitted a lock.
at
Is it true?
er
About half the class’s careers or future careers will include facilitating discussions.
ia
Is it true?
l©
Less than half the class have mended a piece of clothing.
Is it true?
P
Most people have collaborated in some way with a person they’ve never met.
ea
Is it true?
Everyone has been delegated a task they weren’t keen on at some stage.
rs
Is it true?
on
One person currently heads a club or sports team.
Is it true?
20
A few people log the number of steps they take every day.
23
Is it true?
About half the class has had the opportunity to oversee a project.
Is it true?
Almost everyone has submitted an assignment late at some point or another.

8B Grammar 1 Auxiliary verbs
1 Complete the possible answers to the questions about sleep.
SLEEP QUIZ .......

S
am
pl
1 Do you consider yourself to be a night owl?

a Yes, I .
e
b No, I .
c I’m not sure. I be.
d I to be, but not so much anymore.
M
2 Have you ever flown in a dream?

a Yes, I a few times.
at
b No, I .
c I have, I don’t remember.
er
d I often !
3 Did you have a lie-in last weekend?
a Yes, I .
ia
b No, I .
c I wish I !
l©
d I would , but …
4 Is it common for you to nod off during the day?
a Yes, it actually.
b No, it . I never do.
P
c Not really. I now and again.

d I once! It was really embarrassing!
ea
5 Do you think employees should be allowed to have a little nap at work?

a Yes, they !
b No, they .
rs
c I wish we !
d They if there is a separate place to have one.
on
6 Are you going to have a late night tonight?

a Yeah, I probably .
b I might. I probably though.
c No, I not. I’m an early riser!
20
d I often , but not tonight.

23
2 Circle your answer for each question in Exercise 1.
3 Work in pairs and compare your answers. If you have the same answer, respond with the auxiliary
structure So ... I or Neither/Nor ... I.
A: Do you consider yourself to be a night owl?
B: No, I don’t.
A: Neither do I.

8B Grammar 2 Auxiliary verbs
Don’t you have a pen?

✁
You look well.
I do. / I don’t. / I haven’t. / I have got a pen. /
S
I am. / I’m not, really. / Do I?

I do have a pen.
am
Aren’t you supposed to be at work right now? Are you going to do any cooking tonight?
pl
Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. I will. / I might. / I probably won’t.

e
Wouldn’t you like a break? You must have been delighted.

M
I would. / I don’t need one. / I shouldn’t. I was! / I wasn’t actually.

at
Haven’t you got a seat?

er
I’m feeling great today.

I have. / I haven’t. / I don’t. / I do. /
So am I! / Really? I’m not. / Do you?
I do have a seat.
ia
l©
Didn’t you used to work with my sister? Are you going to watch anything tonight?
I did. / I might have. / I could have. / I didn’t. / I probably will. / I might. / I probably won’t. /
Did I? I shouldn’t. / I do want to, if I have time.
P
ea
I don’t think this exercise is too hard after all. Do you drive?
Neither do I. / Nor do I. / Don’t you? I do. I do. / I can. / I don’t. / I can’t.
rs
Have you been reading much lately?

on
Have you got any plans for the weekend?

I have. / I haven’t. /
I do. / I might have. / I don’t.
Actually, I did read an excellent book last week …
20
You should’ve come to the last class. Have you ever stayed up all night?
23
I should have. / I did! / I know. I haven’t. / I did, once. / I have.
Did you get an early night last night? I feel like having a little nap.
I did. / I didn’t. / I should have. / I wish I had! So do I. / Do you? I don’t. / You should!

8B Vocabulary Sleep
✁
I can’t stop yawning when …
S
am
To avoid suffering from jetlag, you should …

pl
e
Stop yourself nodding off by …

M
at
Having a lie- -in is …

er
ia
People who are night owls tend to …

l©
If someone snores loudly …

P
ea
Having a little nap is …

rs
on
People are usually early risers due to …

20
If you are out like a light, it means …

23
Having had a sleepless night, it’s normal to …

8C Language focus 1 Complex comparatives
1 Work in pairs. Do you have a sweet tooth? What are your favourite treats? Do you prefer to make
or buy snack foods?
S
2 Complete the conversation between two friends with complex comparative forms. Use the
am
words in brackets and up to three other words. If the word is an adjective, it may change form.
A: Would you like to try one of these bliss balls I made? I find them 1
(way/filling) than other snacks.
B: Thanks. Mmm, they’re 2 (quite/bit/sweet) than I was expecting.
pl
A: Don’t worry, they’re 3 (miles/good) for you than most sweets.

B: Does it take 4 (much/time) to make them yourself though?
e
A: Actually, it’s nowhere 5 (near/effort) as you might think.

Would you like to know the recipe?
M
B: Yeah, OK.
A: Well, you start with equal parts of dates and nuts. You soak the dates for a few hours, drain them,
at
then blend them up with the nuts.

B: Sounds good.
er
A: If the mixture is too firm, you can make it a 6 (little/easy) to

work with by adding 7 (touch/water).
B: Great, it sounds 8 (lot/complicated) than I thought.
ia
A: Finally, I roll them in coconut.

B: Have you experimented with any other flavours?
l©
A: For something 9 (bit/rich), I’ve added chocolate pieces, although

that’s 10 (quite/healthy).
B: I wonder what they would be like if they were 11 (tiny/spicy)?
Maybe with some chilli pepper?
P
A: Haha, you’re 12 (ten/brave) in the kitchen than I am.

ea
3 Work in pairs and practise reading the conversation.

rs
on
20
23

8C Language focus 2 Complex comparatives
✁
MENU MENU MENU
S
Choose any four Choose any four Choose any four

am
Mini-cheeseburgers Mini-cheeseburgers Mini-cheeseburgers

Grilled beef patties with melted Grilled beef patties with melted Grilled beef patties with melted
cheese, served in a bap with lettuce cheese, served in a bap with lettuce cheese, served in a bap with lettuce
pl
Vegetable sticks Vegetable sticks Vegetable sticks

Selection of cucumber, carrots and Selection of cucumber, carrots and Selection of cucumber, carrots and
other fresh vegetables with other fresh vegetables with other fresh vegetables with
e
yoghurt garlic dip yoghurt garlic dip yoghurt garlic dip

Rice balls Rice balls Rice balls
M
Balls of rice stuffed with Balls of rice stuffed with Balls of rice stuffed with
salmon and tuna salmon and tuna salmon and tuna
at
Vegan pies Vegan pies Vegan pies

Golden pies filled with pea and Golden pies filled with pea and Golden pies filled with pea and
mushroom curry mushroom curry mushroom curry
er
Pasta Pasta Pasta

Spaghetti in a creamy tomato sauce Spaghetti in a creamy tomato sauce Spaghetti in a creamy tomato sauce
ia
Mixed nuts Mixed nuts Mixed nuts

Roasted and lightly salted Roasted and lightly salted Roasted and lightly salted
l©
Fruit plate Fruit plate Fruit plate

Fruits of the season, peeled and Fruits of the season, peeled and Fruits of the season, peeled and
sliced, ready to eat sliced, ready to eat sliced, ready to eat
Chocolate-dipped Chocolate-dipped Chocolate-dipped
P
ice creams ice creams ice creams

Served in cones Served in cones Served in cones
ea
Biscuit selection Biscuit selection Biscuit selection

Bite-sized treats in three flavours Bite-sized treats in three flavours Bite-sized treats in three flavours
rs
Role card A Role card B Role card C

on
You are on a committee deciding You are on a committee deciding You are on a committee deciding
on a menu for the language on a menu for the language on a menu for the language
centre’s end-of-year get-together. centre’s end-of-year get-together. centre’s end-of-year get-together.
For you, the most important For you, the most important For you, the most important
20
consideration is that the menu consideration is that the food consideration is that the food is
is healthy. is popular. easy to eat.
1 Read the menu. Decide on 1 Read the menu. Decide on 1 Read the menu. Decide on
23
your ideal options. your ideal options. your ideal options.
2 Work with the other 2 Work with the other 2 Work with the other
committee members to committee members to committee members to
negotiate a menu of four negotiate a menu of four negotiate a menu of four
options. Discuss and compare options. Discuss and compare options. Discuss and compare
the menu options using the menu options using the menu options using
complex comparatives. complex comparatives. complex comparatives.

8C Vocabulary Food and cooking
1 Work in pairs. How often do you eat or cook things with these flavours?
coconut garlic ginger peanut vanilla

S
am
pl
2 Complete the text about Madagascan food with the words in the box.
e
blended dipped drained grated grilled peeled

M
roasted simmered sprinkled steamed

at
A taste Of Madagascar
er
If you come to Madagascar, look out for the following delicious foods to try.
Burnt rice drink

ia
A cup of cooked rice is heated in a pot until it starts to burn. Next, the burnt rice is soaked
in water. Finally, the liquid is 1 into a glass.
l©
Sambusa
This is a triangle-shaped fried snack, filled with beef and potatoes. Although not too
spicy by themselves, the snacks may be 2 in a hot pepper sauce.
Varenga beef
P
Beef is cooked in a pan, then pulled apart and 3 in the oven. It’s served with rice.
ea
Seafood
Fish and other seafood is popular near the Madagascan coast. It’s often 4 on a barbecue.
Laoka: side dishes
rs
Usually made of beans or vegetables, the ingredients are 5 on a low heat with 6
ginger, garlic and other spices.
on
Koba dessert
Bananas and peanuts are 7 together to form a smooth mixture, which is stuffed into banana leaves
then 8 in a basket over very hot water.
20
Fresh tropical fruit

Fruit like bananas, pineapples and melons are 9 , sliced then 10 with sugar and
vanilla seeds.
23
3 Work in pairs and discuss these questions. Which of the dishes from Madagascar would you like to try?
Do you ever cook or eat any similar dishes to the ones in the text?
4 Work in pairs. Choose a country or region you know well. Discuss what foods from this place you would
recommend to a visitor.
5 Work in groups. Share your ideas from Exercise 4. Use words from the lesson to describe how the dishes
are prepared.

9A Grammar 1 not only and no sooner/as soon as
1 Look at the pictures. What do you think might happen next? Match the pictures with the anecdotes
in Exercise 2.
S
1 2 3 4
am
pl
e
M
at
2 Complete the anecdotes with as soon as, not only and no sooner.
er
A
ia
I was leaning up against the side of a bridge to admire boats on the river below.
1 had I tried to step back than I found that my leg had become trapped
between the bridge fence posts. You’d think my friend would have helped me
l©
2 I called out. In fact, 3 was she cracking up, but

she was taking photos as well!
B
P
My favourite TV star was doing a meet and greet at a shopping centre to promote her new
book. I’d lined up outside for two hours, but there was a huge rush 4
ea
they opened the doors. 5 had I spotted her than I was knocked off my
feet by the crowd’s pushing and shoving. 6 did I sprain my ankle, but I also
missed out on meeting my hero.
rs
C
on
7 had I gone to bed than my noisy neighbour got home.

8 did she bang the door, she also started practising her drums!
9 I heard that, I knew I was going to have another sleepless night.
20
D
After a lecture, I accidentally left my gym bag in the room, containing 10
23
my sports gear, but also my purse. 11 I realised, I raced back to the room,
but the bag had gone. 12 had I left the lecture room for the second time
than I received a message on social media from someone who had picked up the bag and was
wondering how to return it to me.
3 Work in pairs. How do you think the speaker might have felt in each situation?
A: In the first situation, the person must have felt a bit foolish.
B: Yes, I agree that he was embarrassed, although his friend found the situation hilarious!

9A Grammar 2 not only and no sooner/as soon as
Pair A: The most entertaining

✁
story festival
S
1 Make up two short anecdotes. Each anecdote

am
must include not only, no sooner and as soon as.

Use the pictures or your own ideas.
2 Decide which of your two anecdotes is the most
entertaining. Both of you need to prepare to
retell it to a new group individually.
pl
3 Form new groups of three with students from

Pairs B and C. Take turns to tell your anecdote.
e
Decide which of the three anecdotes is the

most entertaining.
4 Share the most entertaining anecdote from
M
your group with the class.

at
Pair B: The most entertaining

er
story festival
ia

l©

Pairs A and C. Take turns to tell your anecdote.
P

most entertaining.
ea

rs
Pair C: The most entertaining

on
story festival
20

23

Pairs A and B. Take turns to tell your anecdote.
most entertaining.

9A Vocabulary Feelings
✁
S
LIST A LIST B
am
 crack up  put my foot in it

 lose it  get the news
 
pl
couldn’t take it in appalled

 ashamed  hit a wall
e
 dead on my feet  disgusting behaviour

 jump for joy  a bit tearful
M
at
er
LIST C LIST D
ia
 ecstatic  go red
l©
 disappointed  traumatised
 feel a bit foolish  hilarious
 lash out  overwhelmed
P
 shaken up  pleased
ea
 rolling around  collapse

rs
on
LIST E LIST F
20
 furious  surprised
 have a huge grin  write to complain
 
23
tut blind panic

 embarassed  pull their leg
 calm your nerves  exhausted
 so grateful  lost for words

9B Grammar 1 will and would for habits;
I wish he would
1 Read the interview and choose the correct alternatives to complete the responses.
Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
S
Welcome 1 Q: What time do you start your day?

am
A: about seven.
a I’ll usually wake up b I usually wake up c I would wake up
to Cork 2 Q: How long have you been studying at this school?

A: I arrived four weeks ago. I still remember my very first morning in Ireland,
pl
wide awake at 3 a.m.
School of a I’ll be b I would be c I was

e
3 Q: How are you finding the accents here?
English! A: Well, I guess I wish some people so fast. I’m getting used to it though!
M
a would speak b wouldn’t speak c won’t speak
4 Q: How do you usually get to class?

at
A: to class most days, it only takes fifteen minutes.

Each month we a I’ll walk b I walk c I would walk
er
interview a student 5 Q: Are you a ‘breakfast person’?

A: anything fancy, I tend to have coffee and some toast.
to get to know a I didn’t have b I don’t have c I won’t have
ia
them better.
6 Q: What do you think is your best study habit?
A: to participate in class activities.
l©
This month, a I’ll always try b I always try c I would always try
meet Karolina! 7 Q: Have you always done that?

A: In the past, as much, but it’s easier now I know my classmates.
P
a I didn’t talk b I wouldn’t talk c I didn’t use to talk
8 Q: Do you have any naughty study habits you’re willing to share?

ea
A: a lot of chocolate while doing my homework. Does that count?

a I’ll regularly eat b I would regularly eat c I regularly eat
rs
9 Q: Do you take notes in class?

A: At first, many notes in class, although now I do.
a I didn’t take b I wouldn’t take c I didn’t use to take
on
10 Q: And why is it that you started taking notes?

A: I’ve realised that any new words that I don’t write down in my
own handwriting!
a I won’t remember b I wouldn’t remember c I don’t remember
20
11 Q: What’s something you enjoyed doing while you were growing up?
A: hours drawing. I’ll still occasionally get out my pencils.
23
a I would spend b I used to spend c I spent
12 Q: What’s something you wish people would care more about?

A: I wish people more about each other!
a would care b will care c care
2 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask each other questions from Exercise 1.

9B Grammar 2 will and would for habits;
I wish he would
Think of an example for eight things on the list. Write your answers in the grid below.
Don’t write them in order.
1 an activity you’ll do every day without fail
S
2 an activity you like doing but won’t do often

am
3 something you wish other people wouldn’t go on about

4 a topic you wish people would talk about more
pl
5 a place you’d spend a lot of time in the past but don’t anymore
6 a place you wouldn’t regularly go in the past, but you do now
e
7 a place you’ll go once or twice every year

M
8 a food you didn’t use to like

9 a food you used to like but don’t anymore
at
10 something you wish someone would help you with

✁
er
ia
l©
P
ea
rs
on
20
23

9B Vocabulary Describing people and their habits
1 Who sounds cynical?

A: I’ll do whatever it takes to succeed. I’m not afraid
✁
2 Who is being modest? of hard work.
S
am
3 Who sounds quite B: Why hasn’t the teacher marked the projects we
controlling? submitted yesterday? I need to know as soon as possible
so I can start preparing for revision!
4 Who sounds like a bit of
pl
a smooth talker? C: I’m really enjoying life here. It’s such a beautiful city
and my host family is lovely.
e
5 Who is whining?
M
6 Whose preparation sounds D: Wow, this textbook is heavy. Who knew there were bonus
quite intense? exercises included with every purchase?
at
7 Who is content with how

E: ‘Wow, A+. You must have done such a great project.’
er
things are going?

I think the teacher probably just liked the topic I chose.
ia
8 Who sounds determined?

F: I need a copy of all your notes. And you can’t go out
l©
9 Who has liberal attitudes tonight, you’ll be helping me with my English essay.
about study?
G: Our classes are perfect for talented people with a bright
10 Who gives a charming future, so you’ll fit right in. It’s so easy to enrol, you just
P
introduction? sign this form right here. Here’s a pen …

ea
11 Who sounds a bit H: I’ve come up with one hundred study tips for this class
demanding and might and read eight textbooks over the summer to prepare.
need to lighten up? How about you?
rs
12 Who has a dry sense of I: Don’t spend too much time on your assignment.
on
humour? The teacher only reads the first couple of sentences.
J: It’s too cold in here, the chair’s uncomfortable and I’m

20
bored because none of my friends are here.

23
K: People should be able to study whatever they want to

and however they want to.
L: Hello! It’s so great to finally meet you, I’ve heard so much

about you. Now, tell me about your courses …

9C Language focus 1 Making new words
1 Complete the questions with the words and phrases in the box.
brunch busyish crowdsourced edutainment FOMO karaoke on the up partying

S
tech startup trendspotter undrinkable unputdownable uni yoga zeitgeist

am
Random conversation starters

pl
▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸▸
▸
e
If 1 is eaten where you live, what kinds of foods are typical?
▸
M
What do you think makes a book 2 ?
▸
at
Do you think social media increases the feeling of 3 ?

Why/Why not?
▸
er
Do you watch or listen to anything you’d consider 4 ?
▸ What fashions do you think are 5 at the moment?

ia
▸ Some say the 6 of this decade is personal identity. Do you agree?

l©
▸ What kinds of companies might employ a 7 ?
▸ Would you rather spend an evening singing 8 , stretching in a

P
9 class or 10 until dawn?

ea
▸ What’s your closest 11 ? Did you study there?
▸ Is your schedule 12 at the moment?

rs
▸ Do you know anyone who has worked at a 13 ?

on
▸ Are you a fan of vegetable juices or do you find them 14 ?
▸ Have you ever 15 ideas or projects?

20
23
2 Work in pairs. Choose five questions to ask your partner.
3 Tell the class something interesting you found out about your partner.

9C Language focus 2 Making new words
1 Complete the questionnaire. Check you understand the words in bold.
Have you ever … Yes/No Classmate with the same answer

S
1 … eaten a kebab?
am
2 … had a staycation rather

than going away on holiday?
3 … photo-bombed someone
or been photo-bombed
pl
yourself?
4 … binge-watched an
e
addictive series?
5 … felt hangry when you
M
hadn’t eaten for a while?

6 … favourited a website so
at
you could find it again?

7 … been to a big footy match
in a stadium?
er
8 … been friended by
someone you don’t know
ia
on social media?
9 … done some DIY around
l©
your home?
10 … swapped some currency
at a forex?
11 … prepared a chocolatey
P
dessert?
ea
12 … folded paper into origami?

13 … visited a UNESCO site?
14 … hidden mess to make
rs
your room look tidyish?

on
2 Work in pairs. Add the words in bold in Exercise 1 to the correct part of the chart.
1 derivation 2 loan words 3 conversion

20
23
4 abbreviations 5 compounding 6 portmanteau words
3 Ask and answer questions with your classmates to find someone with the same answer as
you for each item in Exercise 1.

9C Vocabulary Trends
1 Work in pairs. Match graphs 1–4 with descriptions a–d.

S
1 2
number number
am
pl
e
M
time time
3 4
at
number number
er
ia
l©
time time
a a hike
P
b a plunge
ea
c a small dip followed by a surge

d a steady decline
rs
2 Choose the correct alternatives. Sometimes both alternatives are possible.

1 There’s been an explosion/a decline of modern street art.
on
2 We’re experiencing a hike/an epidemic of online fraud at the moment.

3 There’s been a surge/dip in interest in studying abroad over recent years.
4 A lot of big companies have slumped/slashed jobs recently.
20
5 Music streaming has slipped/soared in popularity over the last few years.
6 The average phone size has shrunk/plunged dramatically over recent years.
7 We’ve seen a steady decline/hike in formal dress standards in offices.
23
8 There has been a recent dip/explosion of interest in organic food.

9 Paper magazine sales have slumped/slashed over the last decade.
10 The number of people who own pets has plunged/surged in the last decade.
3 Work in groups. Which of the trends in Exercise 2 are true in your experience? If they are not
true, what is the actual situation? Do you think the trend is a positive thing?

10A Grammar 1 Prepositions 2
1 Work in pairs. What fields of science can you name? Match the sciences with their topics.
1 seismology a type of cancer treatment
2 radiation oncology b the brain
S
3 biology c earthquakes
am
4 neurology d living things
2 Complete the articles with a preposition.

pl
JOB
e
Each week people tell us about what

SPOT they do for a living and why they like it
M
at
1 my specialist area, radiation oncology, medical physicists help

er
A
oncologists 2 cancer treatment. The doctors decide how much
radiation each patient needs and we figure 3 how that can be delivered
as safely as possible. 4 the morning we also do careful accuracy checks
ia
on all the radiation machines.

I’ve worked 5 medical physics 6 about five years now. I’ve
l©
always been interested 7 medical science, and after graduating as an

engineer, I looked 8 scholarships for postgraduates, and won one for a
medical physics programme. The rest is history! I’m really happy 9 my
decision.
One of the best things about my job is that I get 10 really well with my
P
colleagues. Despite being involved in a difficult area, cancer, the people – both
Dr Natalia Archer, medical physicist
staff and patients – are really great.
ea
B
I investigate earthquake sources 1 analysing statistical data from
rs
field stations around the world. The idea is that we can get better 2
evaluating the risk 3 further earthquakes using computer simulations.
on
Perhaps I was influenced by hearing 4 some terrible earthquakes on

the news as a child. I also had a high school science teacher who I thought very
highly 5 .
As well 6 desk work, I visit regions affected by earthquakes. I don’t
20
think I’ll ever get used 7 seeing the damage done to people’s homes and
lives. However, in spite 8 the challenges, I find our work very rewarding.
My friends always joke about me going 9 about complicated ideas that
go 10 their heads, though!
23
Dr Oliver Hadiyah, seismologist
3 Complete the questions with the correct preposition. Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
1 Would you be keen either of the jobs in the article? Why/Why not?
2 What influences make people interested different specialist areas?
3 What do you do (or would you like to do) a living? What or who have you been influenced ?

10A Grammar 2 Prepositions 2
1 Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.

S
 1 I once won a prize a school project.

am
 2 Even if a joke goes my head, I usually laugh along anyway.

 3 If I’m trying to figure a problem, I’ll always google it.

pl
4 Career-wise, I’m going a different track from what I imagined ten years ago.
 5 I’m interested working a scientific field.
e
 6 My friends say I’m always going about my busy schedule!

M
 7 I like it when other people tell me what I can help them .

at
 8 I’ve heard a few famous scientists, but I don’t know any personally.
 9 not knowing much about space, I’m keen learning about it.
er
 10 As well being a student, I also work part-time.

ia
 11 I’ll sometimes listen programmes about science.

 12 I had to wait a long time
l©
someone yesterday.
 13 Getting on well colleagues is the most important factor in job satisfaction.
 14 I don’t like talking about topics which might end in an argument.
P
 15 I feel more cheerful the morning compared to the afternoon.

ea
 16 I wish I was better remembering English prepositions.

rs
2 Tick the statements in Exercise 1 which are true for you.

on
3 Write three true and three false sentences about you. Use the phrases with
prepositions from Exercise 1.
1
20
2
3
23
4
5
6
4 Mingle with your classmates. Take turns to read a sentence. Guess if it is true or false.

10A Vocabulary Science
We asked a scientist five questions … A

Ask someone at whether
✁
they are left-handed, and the chance is about
1 Is time
S
10%. However, children with two left-handed

travel
parents have a 26% chance. Although there is
possible?
am
a element, there are also

environmental factors.
B
pl
2 How do Scientists it as an animal.

we get Recently, scientists have found
e
weather that corals like eating plastic, despite the fact it

forecasts? makes them sick.
M
at
C Conditions such as pressure, temperature, wind

3 Is coral a and cloud formations are measured using land-
plant or based tools and satellites. The data is used in
an animal?
er
computer to make predictions

based on models. One
technique currently being
ia
tested uses drones to fly directly into severe storms.
D
l©
4 How do generally agree that going

scientists back in history is impossible. However, it is
make sure possible to bend time by
medicines travelling at the speed of light. What a traveller
work? would experience as a few months could equal many
P
years on earth.
ea
5 How likely is
E Researchers generally test a specific medicine and
it that a child
compare it to a different medicine or no medicine at
of two
all. To be ,
rs
left-handed
are usually done ‘blind’, so the participants don’t
people will
know who is using the real medicine. Sample size is
also be
on
important because if the number of participants is

left-handed?
too small, the results may be .
classify physicists simulations

20
experimental proof statistical

23
genetic random theoretically
invalid reliable trials

10B Grammar 1 Linking words and phrases
1 ‘Books can be truly life-changing.’ Do you agree? Why/Why not?

S
am
pl
e
M
2 Complete the book review with the linking words or phrases in the box.
at
as soon as as such due to during even though in order to nonetheless

not only not to mention on top of that unless whilst
er
ia
BOOK The life-changing magic of tidying up:

REVIEW the Japanese art of decluttering and organising
l©
by Marie Kondo
P
I think my friend gave me this book 1 seeing my very messy apartment. He said
ea
it was life-changing. 2 personal recommendation, I knew that Kondo had been

called the most organised person in the world, 3 selling 11 million copies of her
book. 4 I decided to give this book a try, 5 , I don’t go
rs
in for books on the topic of self-help.

on
6 I started reading, I found the book surprisingly gripping, considering it’s about
tidying up. Kondo is a refreshing narrator who describes 7 her tidying
successes but also some failures.
20
8 simplify your life, Kondo suggests you only keep things that make you
happy. 9 the process, you hold each item in your hands and don’t keep it
10 it gives you joy.
23
11 I was inspired to clear out some of my things, I haven’t used Marie Kondo’s
strategies enough to say they were life-changing. 12 , it’s a worthwhile read
for people who would like encouragement to own less.
3 Work in pairs. Do you think you would enjoy this book? Why/Why not?

10B Grammar 2 Linking words and phrases
Group 1A Group 1B
✁
You are for the topic: You are against the topic:
S
Reading the nation’s most famous novels should be Reading the nation’s most famous novels should be
compulsory in all first-year university courses. compulsory in all first-year university courses.
am
1 Brainstorm ideas to support your topic. 1 Brainstorm ideas to support your topic.
2 Decide on the order of speakers. 2 Decide on the order of speakers.
3 Divide the best ideas among your team. 3 Divide the best ideas among your team.
pl
4 Write a short speech using at least four linking 4 Write a short speech using at least four linking
words or phrases. words or phrases.
e
5 Practise your speeches for each other. 5 Practise your speeches for each other.
6 Discuss possible points the other team might 6 Discuss possible points the other team might
raise and how you could respond using linking raise and how you could respond using linking
M
words and phrases. words and phrases.

7 Have your debate. 7 Have your debate.
at
Group 2A Group 2B
er
Libraries are still relevant in the digital age. Libraries are still relevant in the digital age.
ia
l©
P
ea

rs
Group 3A Group 3B
on
Reading fiction is a fun way to learn Reading fiction is a fun way to learn
another language. another language.
20
23

10B Vocabulary Book reviews
1 Find ten words or phrases related to book reviews in the wordsearch.

S
j a b e s e t i n k d i j u k
am
e r v q j t k r n l e f h l n
s p r o t a g o n i s t i g u
pl
c b a z i n c b p d c e h j o
t e o p h d i s t u r b i n g
e
c o n t r o v e r s i a l a x
M
k s a w l n u u a q p e c r t
at
b n j i g z v o x r t d f r b
c j n s p o r t r a i t g a f
er
w h d t f y b y q p v c r t s
ia
m a s t e r p i e c e d z o a
i g e x v g r i p p i n g r e
l©
P
2 Match the words from Exercise 1 with the definitions.

ea
1 the main character in a story

2 the person telling the story
rs
3 very exciting and interesting

4 take place
on
5 describing details
6 very worrying or upsetting
20
7 a detailed description or representation of something

8 an unexpected change in a situation or series of events
9 causing a lot of disagreement
23
10 a piece of writing which is extremely high quality
3 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask each other questions using words from Exercise 1.
• Are you keen on books about controversial topics?
• Which books from your country might be considered masterpieces?

10C Language focus 1 Puns
1 Complete the pun jokes with the words and phrases in the box.
S
a nap burn calories flexible hair highlight hitting traffic

let us lion tank took a day off
am
pl
1 Two soldiers are in a .

One says to the other: ‘I hope you can swim’.
e
2 I’ve been on my phone all day and I’m exhausted.

Have you tried for that?
M
3 My friend always complains about

during rush hour. I just think
at
he needs to be a better driver.
4 A hare walks into a salon. It says; ‘Excuse me,

er
I hear you do hare here.’
5 My boss asked me if I could work

ia
hours this month. I said

it might be a bit of a stretch.
l©
6 What do you call a dishonest, sleeping, big cat?

A lyin’ lyin’ .
7 What’s the easiest way to ?

Leave a cake in the oven.
P
ea
8 What’s the best thing about our solar system?

Well, the sun’s clearly the biggest
.
rs
9 Knock knock
Who’s there?
Lettuce.
on
Lettuce, who?
in, it’s cold out here.
10 I can’t believe I got fired from the calendar

20
factory. I only .
23
2 Work in pairs. Take turns to explain the pun in each joke.
3 Match the jokes with the category. Some jokes may be in more than one category.
A A word has two different meanings:
B A literal use of a phrase which is normally used idiomatically:
C Two words sound the same or almost the same:

10C Language focus 2 Compound adjectives
1 a
✁
I’m watching a series
Does it make you sick?
S
about needles.
am
2 b
It must be very deep.
pl
about bacteria.
e
3 c
M
I wonder whether I’d like it.

about a locked tower.
at
4 d
er

That’s not aloud, is it?
about the ocean.
ia
5 e
l©

Has it opened your mind?
about doors.
P
6 f
ea
I’m watching a series set

Have you got to the point yet?
in the desert.
rs
7 g
on
I’m watching a silent series. I bet that’s difficult to get into.

20
8 h
I’m watching a series about Have there been any
vegetarian cooking. mistakes?
23
9 i
Is it dry?
about storms.

10C Vocabulary Talking about humour
1 Read the social media posts about situations where people attempted to be humorous, and
the response they got. Which situations do you think would be the funniest? Which would be
most awkward?
S
am
Original post
Tell us about a time you tried to be humorous. Did you get the reaction you’d hoped for?
pl
Replies
e
1 For April Fool’s Day I thought it would be hilarious to wrap up my flatmate’s car with wet toilet
M
paper. She was absolutely furious and couldn’t see the funny side.
2 My father-in-law asked what I thought of the soup he had made. I said ‘It’s soup-er!’ and
at
cracked up, but he didn’t get it.
3 My four-year-old niece was making a huge fuss about putting on her shoes. To make her laugh,
er
I pretended to try to put her shoes on my feet, and then my hands, and then my ears, which of
course looked incredibly ridiculous. Not only did she laugh, I also got her to put on her shoes!
ia
4 My colleague told me her pet bird had died, and she had got another one that was identical.
I joked ‘Why on earth would you want two dead birds?’ She just went really quiet.
l©
5 My new friend offered me a cup of tea, and I admitted that I don’t actually drink tea. She said,
while keeping a completely straight face, ‘Sorry, I can’t be friends with someone who doesn’t
drink tea.’ I was pretty sure she was pulling my leg though.
P
6 I wrote a fake interview with our mayor for my university’s student newspaper, exaggerating her
ea
views about issues to show how extreme they were. I got a lot of comments about it, although
some people thought I really had interviewed her.
7 At a party, I was introduced to an accountant and I made a joke about how that must get a little
rs
boring. He didn’t look amused.

on
8 My friend and I had been relaxing on a gorgeous beach all day. ‘It’s a hard life, isn’t it?’
commented my friend. I smiled and replied ‘Yeah, totally miserable.’
20
2 Match the types of humour a–h with the attempts at humour in posts 1–8.
a dry humour b practical joke c satire d stereotype e irony f pun
g slapstick h black humour
23
3 Work in pairs. What would your response be in each situation in Exercise 1?

4 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
• What traditions are there around practical jokes in your culture?
• Which of the types of humour do you think are suitable for the workplace?
• How could you translate ‘I don’t get it’ into your first language?

Answer key:
1A
Suggested answers:
Something I enjoy about studying English is having
S
interesting conversations.
Materials: One worksheet per student One thing that had a huge amount of hype a few years ago
am
Instructions: was the opening of a new museum in my city.

One thing that’s a popular keep-fit activity at the moment is
Distribute the worksheets and explain that for Ex 1, Ss must order
outdoor training in groups.
the words in brackets to form cleft sentences which answer the
One pastime I’ve never tried is karate.
questions. Circulate and help as required, e.g. by giving the first
What I do to help remember new vocabulary is highlight it
word of a sentence if necessary. Ask Ss to compare their answers
pl
and review it.

in pairs, then check as a class.
What I couldn’t stand when I was younger was having to
For Ex 2, encourage Ss to use at least one example of each type
wear a school uniform.
e
of cleft sentence from the grammar box when answering the

One thing I fancy doing this weekend is switching off
questions A–D. Put Ss in pairs to ask and answer the questions.
completely.
When Ss have finished, conduct brief class feedback.
What I admire in people is confidence.
M
As an optional follow-up activity, Ss could each write their own Something I found interesting at school was maths.
open question starting with What / What’s one thing / Tell me What is great about living here is the lovely weather.
about … . Have a class mingle where Ss ask their questions and Something a lot of locals do at weekends is to go to the
at
answer using cleft sentences. farmer’s market.

Something that puts people off performing for others is fear
Answer key: of not being very good.
er
1 What made me choose this course is that I thought it would

1 One thing I particularly like is the street art be fun.
2 What’s great is that there’s always something on Something that was nice about being a child was not having
ia
3 What I appreciate most would be the green spaces adult responsibilities.

4 What I’d really like to see would be more cycle lanes What I should spend more time doing is walking or other
5 One thing that would be cool to have is a stadium keep-fit activities.
l©
6 What this town needs is a decent clean-up Something people don’t talk about enough is how they really
7 What was special was all the love they gave me. feel.
8 One place I enjoyed was our local pool What I always find encouraging is a nice comment from a
9 What stands out for me is school customer or my boss.
10 Somewhere I’d love to visit one day is Turkey Something many people are concerned about is the amount
P
11 Where I dream of going is the Amazon rainforest of plastic we use.

12 One place I’m keen to go is that new vegetarian café Something most blockbusters have in common is a big car
ea
chase scene.
What I used to spend hours doing as a child is playing outside.
One thing that I think is an effective study strategy is to talk
over what I’m learning.
rs
Materials: One worksheet per pair; two sets of different coloured

counters per pair, four in each set (Ss could make these out of One thing a lot of people take seriously is football.
pieces of paper) What helps people switch off is often spending time with
family and friends.
on
Instructions:
One thing I’m not really into is online gaming.
Put Ss in pairs and distribute the worksheets. Direct them to the
What I don’t have any patience for is waiting for my phone to
top-left square (enjoy about studying English), and the examples
charge.
on the worksheet below the grid, which use the phrase in the
Something I’ve always liked is chocolate.
square within a cleft sentence. Explain that Ss need to take turns
20
What I really appreciate in a friend is loyalty.

to choose a square and create a cleft sentence for the situation
Something that has grown on me is running.
given in it. The other student should listen and verify the cleft
What is really unusual to see around here are crowds of
sentence is correctly formed, checking with the teacher if
people.
necessary. If the sentence is correct, the speaker ‘wins’ the square
23
One thing I watched recently was a series about visiting

and can put a counter of their chosen colour on it. For a more
unusual places.
competitive version of the game, if the cleft phrase is formed
incorrectly, the opponent gets it as a bonus square. For a less
competitive version, the opponent/teacher may assist the speaker
to form it correctly.
To win the game, Ss need to place four counters in a row
horizontally, vertically or diagonally. If there are no counters, Ss
could use coloured pencils to colour the squares they win, or draw
a symbol or their initial in the cell. To finish the activity, ask a few
Ss to share one of their cleft sentences from the activity.
243
Vocabulary Free-time activities answers they were given. If you have more than ten Ss, some Ss
will have the same question cards so allow Ss with the same card
Materials: One worksheet per student to confer before the feedback stage.
Instructions: Alternatively, put Ss in pairs and give each pair a set of cards. Ask
Distribute the worksheets. Ask Ss to complete Ex 1 individually, them to work together to write the questions, then check as a
then compare their answers in pairs before checking as a class. class. Tell Ss to shuffle the cards, and take turns to take a card and
For Ex 2, explain that Ss need to ask and answer questions to find ask their partner the questions on it.
someone in the class who fits each category. They should find
someone different for each sentence (unless you have a class of Answer key:
S
less than 12, in which case, some repeats are acceptable). 1 a When was the last time you saw a film?
Encourage Ss to ask follow-up questions and note something b Had you seen anything similar before?
am
extra that their partner says in the More information column. 2 a Why did you enrol on this course?
Finish by eliciting some of the interesting things Ss found out b Had you met any classmates before we started?
about each other in class feedback. 3 a What were you doing this time last year?
b Had you already decided to take this course?
Answer key: 4 a Where were you sitting during the last class?
pl
b Had you sat there before?

1
5 a What’s an English word or phrase you learnt recently?
a switch off b the hype c hopeless at d blockbuster
b Had you heard it before?
e
e pastime f let off steam g fancies taking up h martial arts

6 a When did you last receive some ‘snail mail’?
i encouraging j crosswords k performing l keep-fit
b Had you been expecting it?
7 a What time did you get up this morning?
M
b Had you set an alarm?

1B 8 a What were you thinking about on the way to the lesson?
at
b Had you allowed enough time to get here?

Grammar 1 Narrative tenses 9 a What did you get up to last weekend?
b Had you made plans in advance?
Materials: One worksheet per student
er
10 a When was the last time you did something fun?

Instructions: b Had you been looking forward to it for a while?
Put Ss in pairs. Ask Ss to discuss the question in Ex 1. Elicit some
ia
ideas. Then read the instructions for Ex 2 with the class. Look at the Vocabulary Helping people
first set of alternatives with the class as an example and emphasise
that Ss need to read the whole sentence to consider the context Materials: One worksheet per pair, cut in half
l©
before making a choice. Tell Ss to complete the activity individually, Instructions:

then compare their answers in pairs before checking as a class. Divide the class into two groups. Give one group a Student A
For Ex 3, make it clear that Ss can choose a real or imaginary story, worksheet and the other group a Student B worksheet. Ask Ss to
which they will use for the guessing stage in Ex 4. Encourage Ss to work with someone in their group and check they understand all of
provide background information to their story in order to include a the words written in their crossword, referring to Ex 2 in the Student’s
P
range of tenses. Give Ss a few minutes to plan what they are going Book on page 8 if they need to. Circulate, helping if necessary.
to say while you circulate and help as required. Now, put Ss in A/B pairs. Tell Ss not to look at each other’s
ea
In Ex 4, ask Ss share their stories in pairs or small groups. As a worksheets. Write the phrases What’s 4 across? and What’s 1
follow up, Ss could write their stories for homework and then work down? on the board as prompts if necessary. Tell Ss to take turns
in pairs (or submit them to you) to check their narrative tenses. to ask for, and give each other, clues so they can complete their
crosswords. Monitor Ss during the activity in case they have any
rs
Answer key: questions. Finish with some whole-class feedback, eliciting some
1 of the clues Ss used for each word.
on
1 was sitting 2 heard 3 started 4 had been 5 couldn’t

6 realised 7 was coming 8 turned 9 remembered Answer key:
1 2
10 had been playing 11 ‘d changed 12 switched g p

3
13 were always asking 14 ‘d brought r u e
4 5
a l e t d o w n x
20
6 7
b i l l o r p
Grammar 2 Narrative tenses 8 9
o w w o d e
Materials: One card per student v n e u e r
10
Instructions:
23
b e l g s t
11
Give one card to each student (more than one student can have the a p p r e n t i c e s h i p i
same card if you have a large class) and tell them to complete the b o e s
12
questions using narrative tenses. The first question on each card y m r a v e
uses the past simple/continuous and the second question uses s
13
m o u r n i n g a
the past perfect simple/continuous. Go around the class, checking i e n t
that Ss’ questions are correct. Then, tell Ss to mingle, asking and 14
s t r a n d e d g e
answering each other’s questions. Ss don’t need to write down t
their answers, but ask them to try to remember what other Ss 15
c o m f o r t
have said.
r
When they have finished, ask each student to report back on the
244
For Ex 3, depending on the time available, groups could discuss all

1C the situations, or just choose a few to discuss. Alternatively, this
worksheet can be set as an individual exercise for homework.
Language focus 1 Exaggeration
Answer key:
Materials: One worksheet per student 1
Instructions: 1 goes 2 undermines 3 finger 4 pointless 5 distracting
Distribute the worksheets and for Ex 1 ask Ss to discuss the 6 smashed 7 at 8 jammed 9 irritations 10 gadget
questions in pairs. Elicit some ideas.
S
For Ex 2, tell Ss to complete the gaps in the text individually, then

compare their answers in pairs before checking as a class. As an
2A
am
optional extension, Ss could identify the type of exaggeration

used in each item (see answers in key, below).
For Ex 3, ask Ss to write their own short review of a place they’ve
Grammar 1 The future seen from the past
been to, either on their own or in pairs. This could be somewhere Materials: One worksheet per student
to eat out, a place to stay, service at a shop or airport, a local park,
pl
Instructions:
etc. Ss should use at least three different types of exaggeration.
Distribute the worksheets. For Ex 1, go through the instructions
When they have finished writing their review, ask Ss to share it
and the example with the class. Check Ss understand that all the
e
with another student or pair by reading it aloud. Encourage Ss to

items on the left are thoughts in the past about the future, and
check each other’s exaggerations make sense.
the items on the right are describing that past thought in the
present. Give Ss time to complete the exercise individually, then
M
Answer key:
compare their answers in pairs before checking as a class.
2
For Ex 2, Ss follow the same pattern to write two sentences of
1 million times (amount)
at
their own. Circulate while Ss are writing, assisting if necessary,

2 to murder (death metaphor)
then put Ss in pairs or small groups to share their answers. As an
3 a few seconds (time)
alternative to Ex 2, Ss could write a thought in the past (left-hand
4 loads and loads (repetition)
er
column), then give it to their partner to write the reported

5 every ten seconds (time)
sentence in the present (right-hand column).
6 like an oven (comparison)
7 ages and ages (repetition)
ia
Answer key:
8 entire (amount)
9 died of hunger (death metaphor) 1
10 as if (comparison) 1 was due to open
l©
11 to die for (death metaphor) 2 would/’d be out of action

12 heaven (comparison) 3 she was about to vomit
4 was due for a check up
5 wasn’t going to be
Language focus 2 Exaggeration 6 we might not be able to get
P
7 were going to go hiking

8 wasn’t sure how long he would/’d have to stay
ea
Instructions: 9 was just about to see the doctor

Draw a cloud on the board and write your own answer to a prompt
2
from the activity in the cloud. Distribute the worksheets and get
Suggested answer:
Ss to guess which prompt your answer refers to. Ask Ss to then
Thoughts in the past about the future: I have a feeling it’s going
rs
write their own answers to eight of the prompts in the clouds on

to rain. I’ll need my umbrella.
their worksheet. Remind them not to do it in order to make the
Report past thoughts in the present: I had a feeling it was going
activity more challenging.
to rain and I would/’d need my umbrella.
on
Next, tell Ss to tear/cut off the bottom half of the sheet and

exchange it with a partner. Looking at each other’s answers, Ss
have to guess which prompt the answers refer to. When Ss guess Grammar 2 The future seen from the past
correctly, they tick the answer. This continues until Ss have ticked
all the answers. Get feedback from the whole class by having Ss
20
read out some of their answers and eliciting the prompt from the Instructions:
whole class. Explain that this exercise practises using the future seen from
the past, to give excuses in different situations. Distribute the
worksheets. Focus Ss’ attention on the picture and ask them to
23
Vocabulary At work discuss in pairs what the excuses might be for not bringing in
Materials: One worksheet per student homework using the target language, e.g. I was going to do it,
but I wasn’t feeling well.
Instructions:
Tell Ss to read the questions 1–10 and give them a few minutes
Distribute the worksheets and for Ex 1. Ask Ss to read the
to think of excuses individually they could use in each scenario
situations and choose the most appropriate word to complete
using the future seen from the past. Weaker Ss could work with a
each one. Check answers as a class.
partner to think of excuses for each scenario. Write the following
For Ex 2 ,put Ss in small groups to discuss the questions. Ask each
sentence starters on the board as prompts:
group to report back briefly to the class.
I was due to … I was (just) about to … I was going to …
I had a feeling that it would be …
245
Encourage Ss to be creative when thinking of their answers.
Tell Ss that they don’t need to write their own answers down, 2B
although they can make notes in the margins or on a separate
piece of paper if they wish. When they have finished, conduct a Grammar 1 Double comparatives
class mingle where Ss ask a different student each question and
write down the excuses their classmates give (in the third person) Materials: One worksheet per student
on the worksheet. Monitor, checking that Ss are using the future Instructions:
seen from the past forms accurately. Distribute the worksheets. For Ex 1, write the sentence stem on
Finish by eliciting some of the best excuses Ss gave during the the board The more I revise English vocabulary, … and brainstorm
S
mingle. some different ways that the sentence could be completed using a
double comparative.
am
Answer key: If necessary, use page 17 in the Student’s Book to remind Ss about
Suggested answers double comparatives. For Ex 2, distribute the worksheets and go
1 Katy was about to finish her homework when her laptop through the instructions and example. Ask Ss to complete the
died. exercise individually, then compare their answers in pairs before
2 Pierre was going to come, but he started feeling unwell. checking as a class.
pl
3 Dan was due to finish it last week, except his boss asked him For Ex 3, some classes may prefer to read the poems chorally,
to do some other work. whereas, in others, it may be more suitable for Ss to read the
4 Lily was due to go last month, but she had a feeling it was
e
poems individually at their own pace. Point out that each poem is
going to hurt so she didn’t make an appointment. circular, i.e. it starts and finishes with the same phrase. Give Ss a
5 Andrew was going to go until he realised how expensive it minute to discuss in pairs whether they relate to either poem and
M
was going to be. why/why not.

6 Kristina was just about to open the window, actually! As an optional extension activity, ask Ss to work in pairs to write
7 Hamza was going to call after dinner, but then his mum their own poem using double comparatives. Write some possible
at
phoned and wanted to talk for ages. prompts on the board.

8 Gina was just about to, then she realised it was your turn to
When I revise more, …
clean it!
The more people I meet, …
er
9 Tim knew it was due back last week, but he’d lost it.
The earlier I go to bed, …
10 Coco was just about to get on the bus when she realised
The older I get, …
she’d left her bus pass at home.
To finish, you could ask Ss to share their poems with the class, or if
ia
you have a large class, put Ss in groups to read out their work.
Vocabulary Injuries and illnesses
Answer key:
l©
Materials: One worksheet per pair, cut into cards

2
Instructions:
The more I revise, the more I remember.
Give each pair of Ss a set of the picture cards and a set of the The more I remember, the more confident I feel.
phrase cards. Tell Ss to work together to match the words with the The more confident I feel, the more fluently I speak.
pictures, then briefly check answers as a class.
P
The more fluently I speak, the more people respond.

Next, without referring to the word cards, Ss take turns to The more people respond, the more motivated I become.
describe one of the pictures to their partner using target
ea
The more motivated I become, the more I revise …

vocabulary from the lesson. Their partner has to guess which The more I revise, the later I stay up.
picture it is. Continue until all the pictures have been described/ The later I stay up, the fewer hours of sleep I get.
guessed. The fewer hours’ sleep I get, the less energy I have.
rs
Finally, ask Ss to choose one of the pictures and write a short The less energy I have, the less I concentrate.
description of what has happened (in either the first person or The less I concentrate, the less information I retain.
the third person), using the target vocabulary. This is also an The less information I retain, the more I need to revise!
on
opportunity for Ss to practise the lesson grammar (the future

seen from the past), e.g. I was just about to finish my gardening,
when I accidentally touched a plant that made my skin very itchy. Grammar 2 Double comparatives
My skin got really irritated and I had to go to the doctors. Put Ss in Materials: One worksheet per group, cut into cards
small groups to share their descriptions.
20
Instructions:
As an optional follow up, Ss could play a pelmanism game. Ss
Put Ss in groups of three or four. Give each group a set of cards
spread the cards out on the desk face down, taking turns to turn
and ask them to spread the cards out face up on the table. Explain
over a picture card and a phrase card. If the cards match, Ss keep
that sentences 1–8 are comments and a–d are responses to four
them. Otherwise, the student places them back down on the
23
of the comments. Ask Ss to work together to match a–d with the

table in the same place he/she took them from. The winner is the
comments. Check answers briefly as a class. In their groups, Ss
student with the most cards after all the pictures and phrases
then write responses for the other four situations using double
have been matched.
comparatives.
Answer key: To finish, either ask groups to swap their card sets to rematch
1b 2f 3e 4h 5a 6d 7c 8g them, or read out one of the comments that they wrote answers
for (2, 3, 5 or 7) and elicit responses from the different groups for
each one.
246
Language focus 2 Negative questions

Answer key:
1d 4b 6c 8a
Materials: One worksheet per pair, cut in half
Suggested answers:
Instructions:
2 The more you practise, the better you get.
Give half the class a Student A worksheet and the other half a
3 The more people you meet, the easier it is to make friends.
Student B worksheet. Ask Ss to complete Ex 1 individually, then
5 The longer it takes, the more delicious it tastes!
put Ss in A/A and B/B pairs to check their answers. Then Ss
7 The less you own, the bigger your house feels!
read phrases a–f (which correspond to questions on the other
worksheet) and speculate about what the negative questions
Vocabulary Charities
S
could be. Point out that when responding to negative questions,

adding additional information to a yes/no answer makes the
Materials: One worksheet per pair
am
answer clearer.
Instructions: For Ex 2, put Ss in new A/B pairs. Ss should not show each other
Put Ss in pairs and give each pair a worksheet. Explain that their worksheets. Ss take turns to read one of their questions
finding connections between vocabulary, or concepts, can help 1–6, and the other student responds with an appropriate phrase
Ss to remember them. In their pairs, ask Ss to take turns to state from a–f. Check as a class. For extra practice, Ss could swap A/B
pl
connections between two phrases on the sheet, drawing a line worksheets and repeat Ex 2.
between the two. Write some useful phrases on the board for Ss For Ex 3, tell Ss that they can either adjust questions from Ex 1 or
to use while doing this, e.g.: use their own ideas of negative questions which might potentially
e
X relates to Y because … be asked in the class, home or workplace. Encourage them to use
The connection between X and Y is that … three different auxiliary verbs. After Ss share (and check) their
X affects Y when …
M
questions in pairs, ask Ss to share some of the questions with

More than one connection between the same pair of phrases is the class.
allowed. Give Ss about ten minutes to find as many connections
at
as they can between the phrases, then put pairs in groups of four Answers:
to compare and discuss their connections. Write the following
1
questions on the board for the groups to discuss, then elicit some
A 1 Haven’t you finished your
er
responses from the class:

2 Don’t you want a
Which phrases did you connect most to other phrases?
3 Didn’t you use to work
Did any pairs of phrases have lots of connections between them?
4 Aren’t you coming with us
ia
Which phrases were the most difficult to connect to others?

5 Don’t you think it’s
Can you think of other phrases you could add to the diagram that
6 Isn’t this an enjoyable
they might connect to?
B 1 Aren’t you supposed to be
l©
2 Isn’t it a gorgeous
3 Don’t you eat dairy products
2C 4 Didn’t you go to
5 Can’t you give me
Language focus 1 Negative questions 6 Haven’t we met somewhere
P
Materials: One worksheet per student 2

A 1d 2c 3b 4e 5f 6a
ea
Instructions:
B 1b 2f 3c 4d 5e 6a
To introduce the topic of the conversation, ask Ss to talk briefly in
pairs about gift-giving etiquette in their country, and how it might
differ in different settings (e.g. some people open gifts when they Vocabulary Old and abandoned buildings
rs
are given to them and others open them in private). Materials: One worksheet per pair, cut in half
Distribute the worksheets. For Ex 1, ask Ss to read and complete
Instructions:
the conversation individually, then compare their answers in pairs
on
Put Ss in pairs and give them two of the same worksheets, either
before checking answers as a class.
A/A or B/B. Tell Ss not to show their sheets to any other pairs. Give
For Ex 2, give Ss time to practise the conversation in pairs, allowing
Ss time (about five minutes) to read their worksheet and think
enough time for Ss to practise both parts. Encourage Ss to show
about what the missing words might be and what questions they
appropriate expression in the negative questions, e.g. surprise,
could ask to elicit the missing information. Now put Ss in A/B pairs
20
fact-checking, opinion, as they read.

and tell the Ss that they must ask their partners their questions to
fill in the missing information on their sheet.
Answer key:
When they have finished, give pairs the chance to compare their
1
23
worksheets and ask them to ensure that spelling is correct. To

1 Aren’t 2 Didn’t 3 aren’t 4 isn’t 5 don’t 6 can’t finish, ask pairs to discuss which of the facts was most surprising.
7 Wouldn’t 8 Haven’t 9 isn’t 10 shouldn’t
As an optional follow up, Ss could choose a famous old building, or
abandoned place, and find three interesting facts about it to share
with the class (or a group), using at least one of the target words
from the activity.
247
writing an answer (using a way of expressing the future from the
Answer key:
Grammar Box in Student’s Book, page 23) to each question. When
A
they have finished, allocate each paper to a different student (or
1 turned into 2 abandoned 3 neglected 4 restore
pairs if you have a large class). Ss review the answers on their
5 outdated
piece of paper, then choose one or two interesting ones to share
B with the class.
1 bankrupt 2 demolished 3 taken over 4 declining
5 shrinking
Vocabulary Talking about the weather
Suggested questions:
S
A Materials: One worksheet per student

1 What happened quickly? Instructions:
am
2 What happened to Pripyat after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster? Distribute the worksheets and get Ss to choose the correct
3 What happened to the Colosseum for hundreds of years? alternative to complete the items in Ex 1. Check answers as a
4 What are some small Spanish towns hoping to do? class, then give Ss a couple of minutes to tick the statements they
5 What do people complain about to online map providers? agree with.
B For Ex 2, have a class mingle, where Ss move around the classroom
pl
1 What was the Empire State Building close to going? trying to find a classmate with the same answer as you for each
2 What was due to happen to the Eiffel tower? question. Encourage them to ask each person they talk to a follow-
3 What have the plants done to the buildings in Pripyat?
e
up question to find out more about their answer.

4 What kind of populations do some small Spanish towns have? To end the activity, you could ask Ss to decide on the three weather
5 What has been happening to the Great Wall of China? phrases that they think are the most useful, and why. Give them a
M
minute to quickly share their answers in pairs or small groups.

Alternatively, instead of the mingle, Ss could compare their
3A answers to the statements in pairs or small groups.
at
Answer key:
Grammar 1 Ways of expressing the future
1
er
Materials: One worksheet per student 1 gale 2 glorious 3 thunderstorm 4 chilly 5 up

Instructions: 6 flooding 7 sticky 8 down 9 soaked 10 spitting
ia
To start, put Ss in pairs and ask them to briefly discuss the

question in Ex 1.
Distribute the worksheets and ask Ss to skim read the email and 3B
l©
answer the question in Ex 2. Tell Ss to complete Ex 2 individually,

then compare their answers in pairs before checking as a class.
Grammar 1 Verb patterns and reporting
For Ex 3, ask Ss to use at least four ways of expressing the future
from the Grammar box in the Student’s Book, page 23. Circulate, Materials: One worksheet per student
helping if necessary. Instructions:
P
Finally, for Ex 4, put Ss in pairs to peer check each other’s emails, Distribute the worksheets. Do the first item in Ex 1 as an example
checking anything with you they are unsure about. Emphasise with the class. Read answers (a) and (b) within the sentence and
ea
that they should focus only on checking future forms. elicit which is the best fit (a). Remind Ss that they should focus on
Alternatively, put Ss in pairs to write the email in Ex 3, then the verb preceding the gap in each item in order to decide which
organise pairs in groups of four to compare their ideas. verb form follows it. Ask Ss to complete the exercise individually,
then compare their answers in pairs before checking as a class.
rs
Answer key: For Ex 2, put Ss in pairs or small groups to discuss the questions.
2 Ask a few Ss to report back to the class about their discussion.
on
Sam is going to have a visit from Angie and show her around
the area. Answers:
1 ‘ll be waiting 2 supposed to 3 planning 4 hoping to 1
5 should 6 hoping to 7 is set 8 ‘s expected 9 thinking of 1 a 2 b 3 both 4 both 5 a 6 b 7 a 8 a 9 a 10 b
10 may still be 11 ‘m considering 12 shouldn’t 11 a 12 both
20
Grammar 2 Ways of expressing the future Grammar 2 Verb patterns and reporting
Materials: One worksheet per group, cut into cards
23

Instructions: Instructions:
Put Ss in groups of three or four and give each group a set of cards Put Ss in groups of three and give each group a set of domino
face down in a pile. Ss take turns to pick up a card and read the cards, which they should shuffle and place face down on the
question out for the other Ss to answer. Encourage them to use table. Each student takes four dominoes to start. One student
different ways of expressing the future in their answers – Ss don’t puts a domino card on the table. The next student tries to place
necessarily have to echo the form used in the original question. a matching domino at either end of the card. If Ss are unable to
Alternatively, cut out one set of cards and stick each card in the place a domino, they take a new one from the pile (or miss a go if
middle of a piece of paper. Place, or pin, the pieces of paper around there is no pile left). When the student matches the two halves
the room. Ask Ss to move around the room at their own pace, of a domino, they read the full sentence aloud. Tell Ss that they
will need to consider whether both the verb pattern and the
248
content matches. The others must say if they think the sentence Alternatively, for more of a challenge, tell Ss that if they roll an

is correct or not, checking anything with you that they are unsure even number (2, 4, 6), they must use the word even. If they roll an
about (have an uncut copy of the worksheet on hand to check). odd number (1, 3, 5), they must use the word hardly.
Ss continue to do this in turn until someone places his/her final If there are no counters or dice, ask pairs to work through the
domino on the table and wins. game collaboratively, thinking of a sentence for each square.
Alternatively, ask Ss to work together to match the sentences on
the dominoes, which are face up on the table. This could be done Answer key:
before, or instead of, the game above. Suggested answers
1 I hardly ever take the train.
S
Answer key: 2 I love travelling to new places, even if it’s a challenge.

The answers are in the correct order on the sheet. The right side 3 I hardly ever refuse a snack.
am
of a card matches the left side of the next card. (The left side of 4 Hardly anyone I know likes thunderstorms.
the very first card matches the right side of the very last card on 5 Everyone knows I’m a great driver, even my mum says so.
the page.) 6 I do sport at school even if it’s snowing!
7 I always watch my favourite team play, even when I have to
Vocabulary The law and courts get up in the middle of the night.
pl
8 I don’t even know how to play one online game.

Materials: One worksheet per group, cut into cards 9 There are hardly any good restaurants around here that
don’t cost the earth!
e
Instructions:
Put Ss in groups of three and four, and give each group a set of 10 There are hardly any abandoned buildings around here.
cards to spread out face up on the table. Explain that Ss need to 11 I would like to have a mentor, even an informal arrangement
M
take turns to choose a word or phrase on one of the cards and try with someone would be great.
to elicit the word or phrase from the other Ss by describing what it 12 People use multiple devices at the same time these days,
means (without picking up the card or using any of the words on even on the bus and train.
at
the card itself). The student who guesses the correct answer first 13 The printer at work jams every time I use it, even when
gets to keep the card. This continues until all the cards have been I follow instructions.
described or guessed. 14 I haven’t seen any films at the cinema this year, not even a
er
To finish, ask each group to share one of their descriptions with blockbuster!
the class, who have to guess which word or phrase it is. 15 You can hardly expect to be amazing at something the first
time you try it.
For a more challenging alternative (or as a review in a later lesson),
ia
16 I shop online for everything these days, even food.

groups place the cards in a pile face down and take the top card to
17 You’re hardly likely to get on well with everyone on a
describe to the other Ss in the group rather than choosing a word
sports team.
themselves.
l©
18 I take pictures of all my food for social media. I even

photograph my breakfast.
19 Hardly anyone has heard of my favourite band.
3C 20 It’s a pity that we hardly ever get glorious weather around
here, even in summer!
Language focus 1 even and hardly
P
21 I’ve started rock-climbing. I even have the proper shoes

for it.
ea
Instructions:
Distribute the worksheets. Give Ss time to complete Ex 1
Vocabulary Sports events, actions and news
individually, then compare their answers in pairs before checking Materials: One card per student
rs
answers as a class.
Instructions:
Circulate while Ss write their answers to Ex 2, providing assistance
Give each student a card and ask them not to show it to anyone
as required. For Ex 3, put Ss in pairs or small groups to share their
else. Explain that Ss are going to have a class mingle. Ss pair up
on
answers.
and take turns to read the clues on their card. The other student
then tries to guess the word or phrase from the lesson to
Answers:
complete the information. When both Ss have guessed correctly,
1 they swap cards and find a new partner. To scaffold weaker Ss,
20
1 Hardly 2 Even 3 hardly 4 even 5 Even 6 hardly write a list of the words/phrases on the board for them to refer to.
7 hardly 8 even 9 even 10 hardly 11 hardly 12 even If a student can’t guess the target word, the other student needs
to repeat the clue again, adding additional information, until the
Language focus 2 even and hardly student guesses correctly.
23
Ss mingle for five to ten minutes. Finish by asking each student

Materials: One worksheet, two counters and a dice per pair to read their clue in quick succession while the class calls out the
Instructions: answer.
Put Ss in pairs. Give each pair a worksheet, two counters and a Alternative activities:
dice. Explain that Ss must take turns to roll the dice and move If you have a large class, duplicate cards are permissible. If you
forward the number of squares indicated on it. When they land on have a class of less than 12, have a card pool on a central table, so
a circle, they must make a personal sentence about the topic using instead of swapping cards with their partner, Ss swap their card
even or hardly. If they can’t think of a sentence, then they must go with one from the word pool.
back to the square they were on previously. The first student to
reach the finish is the winner.
249
Distribute one set of cards per group of three or four Ss. Ss Vocabulary Describing different age groups
take turns to take a card and read the clue to the group. The
first student to guess the word or phrase keeps the card. This Materials: One worksheet per group, cut into cards
continues with the next student reading a card. The student in the Instructions:
group with the most cards at the end is the winner. Put Ss in groups of three or four and distribute a set of cards to
each group. Tell Ss they should match the sentence cards 1–10
with the word which best fits the gap. Check answers as a class.
4A As a follow-up activity, ask Ss to see if they can use the words to
describe famous people. They could talk about specific celebrities
S
Grammar 1 Defining and non-defining or use the target language more generally, e.g. A lot of famous
relative clauses people
am
get in a bad way because there is so much pressure on them. /

Materials: One worksheet per student Ellen DeGeneres seems on the ball and can think of funny things
Instructions: to say when she’s interviewing people. / Stephen Hawking was
Distribute the worksheets. Focus Ss on the first sentence as an gradually paralysed by a disease.
example and elicit the correct word(s) for the gap (which). Ask Ss
pl
to complete Ex 1, 2 and 3 individually, then compare answers in Answers:

pairs before checking as a class. As an optional additional activity, 1 on the ball 2 initiative 3 dyslexia 4 streak 5 sharp
6 in a bad way 7 promising 8 potential 9 paralysed
e
you could ask Ss to identify whether each of the gapped clauses in

Ex 1 is a defining or non-defining relative clause. 10 insecure
For Ex 4, circulate providing assistance as required and checking
M
Ss accuracy of relative clause sentences. Encourage Ss to use

different relative pronouns in each sentence if possible. Then, put 4B
Ss in pairs, or small groups, to share their sentences for the other
at
Ss to guess the words and phrases they are describing.

Grammar 1 Noun phrases
Finally, in Ex 5, ask a few pairs, or groups, to share one of their
sentences for the class to guess. Materials: One worksheet per student
er
Instructions:
Answer key: Distribute the worksheets. Tell Ss to discuss Ex 1 in pairs and ask a
1 few Ss to share their ideas. For Ex 2, point out that all the phrases
ia
1 which (defining) 2 of whom (non-defining) in the box are different types of noun phrases. Ask Ss to work
3 which (defining) 4 whereby (defining) individually to put the words in the correct order.
5 during which time (non-defining) 6 when (defining)
l©
Then, Ss complete the texts in Ex 3 with the noun phrases. Ss

7 who (defining) 8 why (defining) 9 whose (non-defining) compare their answers in pairs before checking as a class.
10 in which (defining) 11 of which (non-defining) Put Ss in pairs or small groups to discuss the questions in Ex 4.
12 who (defining) Encourage them to use extended noun phrases in their answers.
2 For a longer follow-up activity, Ss could choose a wedding, or
P
Sentences 3, 6 and 8. another cultural festival, and prepare a short presentation for the
3 class about dressing for that special occasion, using a range of
ea
1 d 2 c 3 f 4 a 5 k 6 e 7 l 8 j 9 g 10 i 11 b 12 h noun phrases. Give Ss the choice to make it personal, e.g. What my

family wore at my sister’s wedding or more general, e.g. Typical
outfits for Day of the Dead. If you have facilities to do so,
Grammar 2 Defining and non-defining presentations could be supported with Ss showing photographs
rs
relative clauses or illustrations.

Materials: One worksheet per pair, cut along the lines indicated
Answer key:
on
Instructions:
2
Put Ss in pairs. Give out a cut-up set of speech cards and an
A a silk dress with detailed patterns
instruction worksheet to each pair. For Ex 1, ask Ss to put the
b New Delhi, the capital of India
speech cards in the correct order to create the welcome speech.
c people wearing such bright colours
Encourage Ss to notice the use of defining and non-defining
20
d the sari I wore

relative clauses in the speech. Check the order as a class.
e traditional Indian clothes
For Ex 2, give Ss time (about 20 minutes) to write their welcome
f week-long celebrations
speech in pairs. Ss could use/adapt some of the clauses from the
B a the Sydney Opera House, a famous building
speech cards to do this. Circulate, providing assistance during the
23
b people wearing wedding outfits

writing process. Ss should also decide who is going to say which
c the most expensive thing you’ll ever wear
part of the speech, and practise giving it a few times.
d the perfect wedding portrait
For Ex 3, put Ss in groups of four or six to read their welcome e beautiful tourist spots
speeches to each other. f something I see a lot
3
Answer key:
A 1b 2f 3e 4c 5d 6a
1 B 1a 2f 3b 4e 5d 6c
c, e, b, f, j, d, k, h, g, a, i
250
Grammar 2 Noun phrases

Answer key:
Materials: One worksheet per pair Suggested answers:
Instructions: The pirate’s buckle in picture 1 is larger than the buckle in
Explain that Ss are going to write a list of the top ten items picture 2.
needed for a particular situation. Give out a worksheet to each The pirate’s trousers are ripped in picture 1. They are not ripped
pair and explain that for Ex 1 they should try to include at least in picture 2.
one example of all the noun phrase types from the Grammar Box The hippie’s trousers are flared in picture 1 but not in picture 2.
in the Student’s Book, page 33 (sometimes quite long ones) in The baseball player has a bob in picture 1 but hair in a ponytail
their sentences. You could read the suggested answers below in picture 2.
S
to the class as an example. Give Ss a time limit for making their The baseball player’s shoelaces in picture 1 are tied. However in
list (maybe fifteen minutes). Circulate, providing assistance as picture 2, they’re untied.
am
necessary. The hamburger has visible straps in picture 1 but not in picture 2.
Then, for Ex 2, put pairs in groups to share their lists and explain The hamburger only has an ear stud in picture 2.
their items. There is a bracelet on the floor in picture 1.
The tablecloth in picture 2 has stripes, but in picture 1, it has
Alternative activities:
squares.
pl
In the sharing stage, ask each group to listen to each other’s lists,
The baseball player’s cap is striped in picture 1, but plain in
then try to come to a decision on the ‘top five’ items for each one.
picture 2.
Instead of sharing their lists with another pair, Ss could make a
e
short video or slide show explaining their choice of items. These

could be posted in a private online space for other Ss to view.
4C
M
Answer key:
1 Language focus 1 Prepositions 1
at
Suggested answers: Materials: One worksheet per student

The top ten things for a fantastic trip to the beach Instructions:
1 a comfortable swimsuit
er
Distribute the worksheets. For Ex 1, ask Ss to complete the

2 a colourful towel, rolled up efficiently to fit in your bag
prepositions in the items individually, then check answers as
3 a reusable water bottle
a class.
4 a picnic basket containing a selection of delicious snacks
ia
For Ex 2, put Ss in pairs and set a time limit for them to find
5 a few balls or frisbees for playing games
common answers for as many items as they can. Note that it is
6 the latest copy of your favourite magazine
not necessary to respond to the items in order. Ask each pair (or a
7 a good quality sunscreen
l©
few pairs if you have a large class) to share something they had in
8 a decent sunhat which is large enough to properly shade
common. Alternatively, instead of a pairwork activity, have a class
your face
mingle. Tell Ss to talk to different Ss and find something they
9 a mobile phone for taking pictures of your fabulous day
have in common with each one (in one of the categories listed on
10 your best friend, [insert name here!]
the worksheet).
P
Vocabulary Clothes and fashion Answer key:

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Materials: One worksheet per pair, cut in half 1

1 on 2 in 3 on 4 to 5 in 6 with 7 in 8 about 9 on
Instructions:
10 of 11 by 12 of
Write the words pirate, hippie, baseball player and hamburger on
rs
the board and explain that these are costumes a group of friends
has worn to a fancy dress party. Check Ss understand the meaning Language focus 2 Prepositions 1
of hippie. Put Ss in pairs to discuss what each person might have
on

worn. Give half the class a Student A worksheet and the other
half a Student B worksheet. Tell Ss not to show each other their Instructions:
worksheets and explain that the pictures are similar, but not Put Ss in pairs and give each pair a set of cards. Explain that Ss
identical. Ask Ss to describe their pictures to each other and see need to work together to match the cards and make prepositional
how many differences they can find between them within a fixed phrases. Tell Ss that the grey cards are the first parts of the
20
time limit (about ten minutes). As feedback, ask Ss to share the collocations and the white cards are the second parts. As they
differences they found, and elicit any ones they didn’t by asking complete the activity, they should divide the phrases into
questions, e.g. How are the hippie’s trousers different in the two categories according to their meanings: positive, negative and
neutral, giving an example sentence for each as they do so. Check
23
pictures? How does the pirate’s hair differ?

As an optional-follow up activity, give Ss a few minutes to think as a class.
of, and sketch, someone in a costume for a party, trying to include As a follow up, tell Ss to put the grey shaded cards in a pile and the
some of the elements from the vocabulary set (blouse, bob, white cards spread out in a pool. Student A calls out each of the
bracelet, cap, flowery, laces, ripped, strap, stripy, stud, wavy). grey cards in turn and Student B has to find the second part of the
(The sketch is just for themselves, so they don’t need to worry phrase from the pool as fast as possible. Then Ss swap roles.
about being good at drawing.) They then take turns to describe Alternatively, Ss play pelmanism with the cards. Each time they
the costume to their partner, who must guess what it is. make a correct match, they should say a sentence using the cards.
For an easier alternative, tell pairs that they can look at both If they do this they win a point. The student with the most points
pictures at the same time and find the differences between them. at the end of the game wins.
251
Grammar 2 Continuous forms
Answer key:
Answers are correct on the original sheet.
Suggested answers for classification:
Instructions:
Positive: appeal to, approve of, capable of, crazy about,
Distribute the worksheets. For Ex 1, point out that more than
dedication to, have faith in, keen on, succeed in, the key to
one continuous form may be possible in some cases. Get Ss to
Negative: addicted to, fed up with, in debt, jealous of, complete the statements individually, then check answers as
terrified of, worry about a class.
Neutral/both: by accident, emphasis on, on purpose, For Ex 2, point out that Ss will need to form questions using the
S
rebel against, without doubt continuous form. Elicit the first two as an example (How long
have you been living here? Are you watching an addictive series
am
Vocabulary Influences and identity at the moment? ). For Item 8, which has a negative modal, elicit
the question, which will be positive, e.g. If your favourite celebrity
Materials: One worksheet per student was nearby, would you (still) be sitting here? Ss then move around
Instructions: the classroom, talking to each other and seeing if they can find
Distribute the worksheets. For Ex 1, explain that Ss need to choose someone who can give a positive response to each statement.
pl
the correct word in italics for each item. Check answers as a class. Encourage Ss to ask a follow-up question for each statement.
For Ex 2, give Ss a few minutes to indicate how much they agree Circulate, listening to Ss and noting down any recurring errors
with each statement by circling a number from 1–5. related to continuous forms for further teaching.
e
Then, for Ex 3, put Ss in pairs to choose a statement to discuss.

Encourage Ss to give a reason for their view on each statement. Answer key:
M
Finish by asking Ss to reflect: Which of the words or phrases from 1

this lesson stand out for you and why? Ask a few Ss to share their 1 has been living
word/phrase and reason with the class. 2 is watching
at
3 might be going
Answers: 4 will be stopping/is going to be stopping/is stopping
1 influential 2 pointless 3 meaningful 4 invaluable 5 had been thinking
er
5 Rebelling 6 rubs off 7 emphasis 8 gratitude 9 impact 6 is going to be celebrating/will be celebrating/is celebrating

10 stand out 7 was concentrating
8 wouldn’t be sitting
ia
5A Vocabulary Commuting
l©
Materials: One worksheet per group, cut into cards and game
Grammar 1 Continuous forms board. One counter per student.
Materials: One worksheet per student Instructions:
Instructions: Put Ss in groups of three or four. Explain that Ss are going to play
a game to practise words related to commuting. Give out a game
P
Distribute the worksheets and using the pictures, elicit or teach

board and a set of cards to each group. Explain that before they
e-scooter (electronic scooter). Put Ss in pairs to discuss Ex 1, then
play the game, Ss need to decide how many spaces each card is
ea
ask a few pairs to share their ideas.

worth (between 0–3 points). For example, if the situation on the
Give Ss time to complete Ex 2 and 3 individually, then get Ss to
card is likely to be a major hold up, it should be worth no points
compare their answers in pairs before checking as a class.
and the student will not be able to advance. An advantageous
For Ex 4, put Ss in pairs or small groups, then ask a few pairs/
rs
situation with no difficulties could be worth three points. Point

groups to report back to the class on their discussion.
out that it’s fine for groups to rate the cards in different ways.
Groups discuss and assign points to the cards, asking questions if
Answer key:
on
necessary.
2 Explain how to play the game (or write instructions on the board).
1 has been commuting Ss shuffle the cards, place them face down in a pile and put their
2 was driving, ‘m starting counters on the ‘work’ square of the game board. They take
3 ‘m going to be riding/’ll be riding/’m riding turns to take a card, read it to the group and move the number of
20
4 are growing, might be working squares indicated. The first player to reach the ‘home’ square is the
a ‘ve been using winner.
b ‘m wondering
c Had you been thinking, was considering/had been considering
23
d must be spending
3
1d 2a 3c 4b
252
Grammar 2 Participle clauses

Answer key:
Example assignment of points:
Materials: One worksheet per group, cut along the line indicated,
Worth 0 points: paper for each group
power failure causes underground evacuation
Instructions:
traffic lights not working due to a power failure
major roadblock after a lorry shed its load Explain to the Ss that this activity type is called a dictogloss. Put
debris on the tracks Ss in groups of four and give out a copy of the top part of the
major hold-up on the southbound carriageway worksheet to each group. Ask Ss to discuss Ex 1, then elicit some
suspicious package on the road answers from the class.
S
a building has been evacuated and people are blocking the road Go through the instructions to Ex 2–4 and tell Ss that each
Worth 1 point: sentence in the text starts with a participle clause. Read the text
am
diversion due to a pile-up on the bottom half of the worksheet to the class at normal speed,
train is out of order, take the replacement bus service while Ss listen. Then read it again, while Ss take notes individually.
roadworks slow things down Point out that they won’t be able to write everything down, but
traffic is crawling will be able to work in a group when they reconstruct the text for
Ex 3. Before they attempt to reconstruct the text, remind them
pl
Worth 2 points:
that it does not have to be identical to the original, but it should
conductor gives the all-clear for the train to leave the station
include the same ideas and use participle clauses. Give Ss up to
you avoid a tailback
15 minutes to work on their text in their groups. If time allows,
e
Worth 3 points:
elicit what Ss have written in order to create a shared
traffic is flowing freely
reconstruction on the board. Make sure that the participle clauses
take the new bypass to save time
M
used are grammatically correct (although they do not need to

no delays to report
exactly match those in the original text).
To finish, give out the bottom half of the worksheet for Ss to
at
compare their text to, and ask them to focus on the participle
5B clauses.
Alternatively, instead of, or in addition to, the dictogloss, use the
er
Grammar 1 Participle clauses text as a prompt for a writing activity. Ask Ss to read the text and
underline the participle clauses. (There is one at the beginning
Materials: One worksheet per student of each sentence.) Then, ask Ss to choose another geographical
ia
Instructions: feature they would like to visit, briefly research it online if possible,
Distribute the worksheets and give Ss a few minutes to read and write their own paragraph about it using at least three
about the tourist attractions before discussing Ex 1 in pairs. participle clauses. Put Ss in groups to share their paragraphs or
l©
For Ex 2, do the first gap on the board as an example. You could invite Ss to post their work on an online class forum.
point out that using participle clauses to begin a sentence doesn’t
change the meaning, but is a stylistic choice in narrative writing as Vocabulary Geographical features
it can provide variety and sometimes make a sentence more
concise. Ask Ss to complete the remaining sentences individually. Materials: One worksheet per pair, cut in half
P
Circulate, providing help as required. Ss compare their answers in Instructions:

pairs before checking answers as a class. Put Ss in A/B pairs and give one student the Student A worksheet
ea
For Ex 3, encourage Ss to use two different types of participle and the other student a Student B worksheet. Tell Ss not to look
clause. Circulate offering assistance while Ss write their at each other’s worksheets. Pre-teach abseil and kayak using the
sentences. images. Ask Ss to complete Ex 1, then check answers as a class. For
Ex 2 and 3, either keep Ss in pairs or combine pairs to form groups
rs
Finally, put Ss in groups to share their ideas for Ex 4.

As an extension project, ask Ss to make a tourist poster for their of four. Encourage Ss to give reasons for their answers in Ex 3.
own country, which includes at least six key geographical features Finish by asking Ss to share which activities were most popular in
their groups, and why.
on
or tourist destinations. Each description should include a

participle clause.
Answer key:
Answer key: A
2 1 waterfall 2 reserve 3 dunes 4 glacier 5 pass
20
1 Offering sand dunes, surf and sunsets 6 mainland

2 Having explored Auckland city B
3 Established in 1975 1 ridge 2 sandy 3 shoreline 4 channel 5 valley 6 marsh
23
4 Having spent the day mountain biking

5 Voted one of the world’s best one-day hikes
6 Hiking from bay to bay
253
Answer key:
5C Suggested answers:
A
Language focus 1 Translation and collocation
It would make my day to get a surprise in the post.
Materials: One worksheet per student We ask questions if something doesn’t make sense in class.
Instructions: When my friends visit, I say, ‘Make yourself at home’.
I usually do the cooking at the weekend.
Distribute the worksheets. Ask Ss to complete Ex 1 individually,
I wouldn’t want to do up a house. It would be too much work!
then either check the answers as a class or ask Ss to check their
We prefer to do our homework online.
S
answers against their mind map from Ex 3 in the Student’s Book,

page 42. For Ex 2, emphasise that Ss need to include the entire B
am
collocation in each answer. Ask Ss to complete the exercise People often make a house a home by displaying photos.
individually, then compare their answers in pairs before checking I try to make the most of an opportunity if it comes my way.
as a class. I always make sure that I lock the door at night.
For Ex 3, explain that Ss should choose three collocations which We take turns to do the dishes in my flat.
are most relevant to their life at the moment. It isn’t always easy to do the right thing.
pl
I’m giving a speech tomorrow. I hope I do a good job.

Then, for Ex 4, put Ss in pairs and give them a few minutes to
discuss their answers. Finally, ask a few Ss to share one of the
Vocabulary Describing homes and decoration
e
collocations they chose and why.

Answer key:
M
Instructions:
1
1 house 2 home 3 house 4 home 5 house 6 home Put Ss in groups of three or four and give each group a set of the
7 house 8 home 9 home 10 home 11 house 12 house cards face down. Tell Ss to take turns to turn over a card and read
at
it aloud. Other members of the group must then suggest some

2
items that fit the category. Choose one of the cards and elicit some
1 wake up the whole house
ideas from the class as an example. Give Ss about ten minutes to
er
2 is in a care home
work through the set of cards. Ask each group to feedback on one
3 house-warming party
of the categories.
4 house hunting
Alternatively, for a shorter activity, allocate just one or two cards
5 home improvement
ia
per group. Give Ss a couple of minutes to discuss and decide on

6 heading home
the best answers, then feedback to the class.
7 leave home
Alternatively, play a brainstorming game. Each group will need
l©
8 a friend’s house
9 go round to someone’s house paper and a pen. Call out a category from the worksheet, e.g.
10 doing up our house ‘things that could be antiques’, and give the groups one minute to
11 feel at home brainstorm as many ideas as they can. After a minute, get Ss to
12 home ownership feedback their answers. Teams receive a point for each idea and
a bonus point for having the most in any one round. The winning
P
team is the one with the most points at the end of the game.
Language focus 2 Translation and collocation
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Answer key:
Materials: One half worksheet per pair, cut into cards
Suggested answers:
Instructions:
1 a chair, a clock
Explain that Ss are going to do an activity with another set of
rs
2 a dishwasher, a flatscreen TV
collocations make and do. Put Ss in pairs and give them a set of
3 ornaments, photographs
Pair A or Pair B cards (half the worksheet). You should have an
4 You could do an exercise routine in it. You could fit more
equal number of A/B pairs in the class – Ss could work in groups
on
things into it.

of three if necessary to ensure this. Explain that Ss first need to
5 you can find things more easily, it looks nice
match the card halves to form collocations, checking with you
6 a tree, an umbrella
any that they are unsure of. Then, Ss need to write sentences on
7 Beverley Hills; Kensington, London.
the cards that include the correct collocations. Give Ss about ten
8 a plant, a key
minutes to do this, then ask a Pair A and Pair B to swap cards. (If
20
9 a restaurant kitchen, a hotel room

there are not an equal number of pairs, you could make an extra
10 privacy, shade
set of cards for them using the sample answers.) Ask pairs to
11 magazines, books
match the sentence halves, then check their answers with the
12 a trophy, a mirror
23
original pair.
13 fitted cupboards, fitted sheets
Finish by asking a few pairs to share one of the sentences in the 14 a vase, an ornament
activity they matched. 15 papers, ornaments
As an optional follow-up activity, ask Ss to make mind maps with 16 The person could be a professional who wants to show a
the collocations from the activity, and write a translation of the qualification in their workplace. The person could be proud
whole collocation next to each one. of their child getting a certificate at school.
254
Vocabulary Successful and failing businesses

6A
Grammar 1 Adverb and adverbial phrases Instructions:

Put Ss in pairs and give each pair a set of cards. Ask Ss to find
Materials: One worksheet per student card 1A and 1B and read the sentences, deciding whether the two
Instructions: sentences have a similar or different meaning, and why. Elicit the
Distribute the worksheets and ask Ss to discuss the questions in answer.
Ex 1 in pairs for a couple of minutes. Give Ss time to complete Explain that Ss need to discuss the meanings of each pair of
S
Ex 2 and 3 individually, then compare their answers before A/B sentences and decide whether they are the same, similar
checking as a class. or different. Give Ss ten to fifteen minutes to do this, while you
am
Give Ss a couple of minutes to read Ex 4 and consider the circulate, providing assistance as required. Finally, conduct
questions, then put them in groups to discuss the answers. About whole-class feedback.
two minutes before the discussion finishes, tell Ss to think of
a sentence beginning with an adverb, or adverbial phrase, that Answer key:
summarises, or was, an interesting point raised in their discussion. 1 Different. High staff turnover means a lot of staff members
pl
Finish with each group sharing their sentence with the class. are leaving. Annual turnover means the amount of income a
company generates in a year.
2 Different. Middle management means that you have staff
e
Answer key:
reporting to you, but you aren’t a senior manager. Retail
2
management is the management of shops.
1 increasingly 2 ever again 3 rapidly 4 literally
M
3 The same, although in Sentence A focus is a verb and in

5 in an advertisement 6 by name 7 Not surprisingly
sentence B it’s a noun.
8 in English 9 without delay 10 Equally
4 Different. Branch out means to try something different,
11 for a limited time 12 extremely 13 in London
at
whereas try OUT the new branch sounds like someone is

14 Thirty seconds later 15 sharply
going to the new shop or new centre of a business.
3 5 Similar (but not the same). A valued customer means a
Obviously, Apparently, supposedly, naturally, suddenly
er
type of customer that the company values or cares about.

When talking directly to customers, companies usually use
Grammar 2 Adverb and adverbial phrases valued not valuable. A valuable customer probably means
ia
that they provide an advantage to the company, for example

Materials: One worksheet per group, cut into three cards by buying a lot of products or referring people.
Instructions: 6 The same. Struggle to do something and find it difficult to
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Give a card to each student. Explain that Ss are going to play a do something are synonyms.
game where they write sentences about themselves on their 7 The same. If a company or government has a monopoly on
cards, which will then be posted around the room for everyone to a business or political activity, it has complete control of it so
read and guess who wrote each one. that other organisations cannot compete with it. Split up
Circulate while Ss write sentences about themselves using the and break up are synonyms.
P
adverbs in the box, providing assistance as required. Encourage 8 Different. In sentence A, sustainable means able to continue
them to think carefully about how they position the adverbs in without causing damage to the environment. In sentence B,
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the sentences. They should not show them to anyone else at this sustainable means able to do something that can be
stage. You may also like to write a card yourself as a way to model sustained for a long time.
the activity and give Ss a little bit of information about yourself. 9 The same.
Collect all the cards and add a number in the square at the top for 10 Different. Undermining means to gradually make someone
rs
each member of the class. Then place them around the classroom, or something weaker or less effective. Undercutting means
or pin them on the walls. Get Ss to write a list of numbers (number pricing products lower to be more competitive.
1 to the total number of students in the class) on a sheet of paper,
on
then walk around the class reading the cards and guessing who
wrote each card. Ss should then write the name of the student 6B
they guess next to the corresponding number on their piece
of paper. Consider writing a list of Ss’ names on the board as a
reference for spelling.
Grammar 1 Further passive constructions
20
Finish by reading one sentence off each sheet and getting the Materials: One worksheet per student
person who wrote it to raise their hand. Ss tick on their numbered Instructions:
list if they guessed correctly. The student with the most correct
Distribute the worksheets. Put Ss in pairs to discuss Ex 1 for a
23
guesses is the winner.

couple of minutes.
Alternatively, if Ss don’t know each other, put them in groups of
Ask Ss to complete Ex 2 individually, then compare their answers
three (with different prompt words) to share and respond to each
in pairs before checking as a class.
other’s sentences with follow-up questions.
To finish, get Ss to discuss Ex 3 in pairs, then ask a few Ss to share
their responses.
Answer key:
2
1 a 2 both 3 b 4 both 5 a 6 b 7 a 8 a 9 a 10 b
255
Grammar 2 Further passive constructions
Answer key:
Materials: One half worksheet per student 1
Instructions: A2 I’d have expected the poets being to be older, wouldn’t you?
A3 I was surprised that how beautiful the venue looked at night.
Give half the class a Student A worksheet and the other half a
A5 I wasn’t expecting it to be so crowded.
Student B worksheet. Tell Ss that they have the same text, but
with different passive constructions gapped in it. Ask them to B1 The tickets were cheaper than I expected.
read the text individually first and predict what kinds of structures B2 I wasn’t expecting it having to have such a long queue to
or words might go in the gaps on their worksheet. Ss then work get in!
B6 I didn’t expect the photographer to be there! That was cool.
S
together to dictate and complete the gaps.

For Ex 2, give Ss time to discuss and make some notes about their
am
festival. They should prepare their notes individually as they will Language focus 2 Word grammar and patterns
be sharing their ideas in different groups. (expect, surprised)
For Ex 3, put Ss in new groups of three or four to share their ideas.
Remind them to use some passive sentences if possible. Materials: One worksheet per group, cut into cards
As an optional follow up, Ss could write a paragraph about how Instructions:

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the festival they chose is celebrated, then submit it to you for Put Ss in groups of three or four and give a set of cards to each
feedback or share it with the class on a private online class forum. group. Ask Ss to look at the cards one at a time and think of
possible captions for each one using a phrase with expect/
e
Answers: surprised. Ss choose their favourite and write it down.

Next, get groups to take turns to say one of their captions. The
1
M
other groups have to guess which picture it refers to.

A 1 must be able to be worn 2 to be believed
3 could be made 4 made of 5 being judged As an optional follow up, groups could make up their own similar
B 1 have to be seen 2 are only limited 3 interviewed scenario about a time when something didn’t turn out as they
at
4 are selected to be modelled 5 are said to have inspired expected. Depending on your class preferences, Ss could act these
out as mini-conversations (using a phrase/phrases with expect/
surprised ), find or draw a picture to represent the scenario, or
er
Vocabulary Hosting events explain it to the class as a story.

Instructions: Answers:
ia
Put Ss in groups of three and give each group a set of cards. Ask Suggested answers:
them to read questions 1–8 and match the word in bold with a 1 It’s much harder than she expected.
definition A–H. Check answers as a class (or write the key on the 2 He didn’t expect it to be so small.
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board for groups to check themselves), then ask Ss to take turns to 3 He’s surprised how chilly it is there.
choose a question to ask the other members of the group. Finish 4 They’re surprised how talented she is!
by eliciting answers to one or two of the questions from the class. 5 She was expecting something plainer.
6 He was surprised how expensive the ticket was!
Answer key: 7 It’s much further than he/she expected.
P
1C 2G 3A 4F 5D 6B 7H 8E 8 She didn’t expect it to be so spicy!

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Vocabulary Talking about arts events

6C Materials: One worksheet per group, cut into cards, one timer
rs
per group (e.g. on a student’s mobile phone or a clock with a

Language focus 1 Word grammar and patterns second hand)
(expect, surprised) Instructions:
on
Materials: One worksheet per student In stronger classes, put Ss in groups of three and give them a
set of the cut-up cards face down. The first student takes a card
Instructions:
without showing it to anyone and tries to elicit the words on it
Distribute the worksheets. Give Ss about five minutes to
from the other members of the group. They have two minutes to
complete Ex 1 individually, then ask them to compare answers in
explain the items without using any other forms of the word (e.g.
20
pairs before checking as a class.

for collaborative, a student can’t say collaborate). The student can
For Ex 2, point out that rephrasing someone’s comments is a explain the words on the card in any order. For every word/phrase
strategy for showing that you are listening or agree with them. guessed correctly within the time limit, they get one point. When
Go through the example, then model a couple of other exchanges
23
the words have been guessed, or two minutes is up, the card is put
with the class by saying one of the statements and eliciting aside and the next student quickly takes a card and continues the
possible ways of responding using the patterns in the Grammar game. The team with the most points after twelve minutes (the
Box, on page 51 of the Student’s Book. Put Ss in pairs to do the maximum duration of the game) is the winner.
activity. Circulate, listening to forms, and noting down any errors in
While Ss are playing the game, write the following questions on
the expect/surprised form. To address the errors, consider writing
the board for groups who finish early to discuss. Which words or
them on the board at the end of the activity (changing content
phrases were new to them in this lesson? Which were the easiest
words to preserve the anonymity of the student) and eliciting
or hardest words to explain? Which words or phrases will they be
corrections from the class.
most likely to use themselves? When all Ss have finished the game
and a winner has been announced, conduct whole-class feedback
about the discussion questions.
256
Alternatively, in weaker classes, put Ss in pairs. Give each pair Answers:
two cards and a few minutes to discuss how they could explain the
words/phrases on it. Then, put three pairs together so that each Suggested answers:
group has six members with the full set of cards. Ss take turns to A
elicit the words on each card in two minutes or less. 1 That must be exciting.
2 You must have impressed them.
3 That must have been painful.
7A 4 That can’t be right.
5 You must have been scared.
S
6 That can’t be easy!

Grammar 1 Adding comments using
must and can’t B
am
1 That must have been cool!

Materials: One worksheet per student 2 You must be exhausted.
Instructions: 3 That can’t be true.
Distribute the worksheets. For Ex 1, go through the instructions 4 You must be pleased.
and item 1 as an example, reading the responses. Ask Ss to 5 That can’t have been fun.
pl
complete Ex 1 individually, then compare answers in pairs before 6 That must have been useful.
checking as a class. For item 7, point out that the responses You
Vocabulary Life’s ups and downs
e
can’t be serious! and You must be joking! are usually used as

expressions of surprise rather than literal statements.
For Ex 2, put Ss in pairs and go through the example with the Materials: One worksheet per group, cut into cards
M
class. Ss can respond to the statements with one of the (correct) Instructions:
responses from Ex 1 or their own idea using must or can’t. Allow Put Ss in groups of three. Give each group a set of cut-up cards
enough time for Ss to take on both parts in the roleplay. If time is and explain that they form a story of somebody’s grandparents.
at
short, they could do three questions each. Tell Ss that they need to complete the sentences with words and
As an optional follow up, ask Ss to imagine that they have just got phrases from the word box card. Point out that some words or
a new, really different job. Give Ss a few minutes to think about phrases may fit more than one sentence, but each item on the
er
what their imaginary job is, and two or three extra details about word box card can be used only once. Give Ss time to work in their
it. Then put Ss in pairs to roleplay telling their partner about it and group to complete the sentences and put the story in the correct
responding with must and can’t. order. Then, check answers as a class.
ia
Answers: Answers:
1 The story is in the correct order on the worksheet. The words in
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1 a, b 2 b 3 a, b 4 a, c 5 b, c 6 b, c 7 b, c order are:
Note: Occasionally, speakers may use comments with must and 1 golden anniversary 2 relocated 3 doctorate
can’t ironically, i.e. the speaker means the opposite of what is 4 get-together 5 native 6 make a go of it 7 tied the knot
said. However, the answers above assume that no irony is being 8 arrived 9 premature 10 come to terms with 11 inherited
used. 12 falling-out 13 a trial separation 14 clean break
P
15 flew the nest

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Grammar 2 Adding comments using

must and can’t
7B
rs
Instructions: Grammar 1 Second,third and mixed

Put Ss in A/B pairs, give each student their half of the worksheet conditionals
and ask them not to show their worksheet to each other. Explain
on
that the words and phrases in the box should be used to respond Materials: One worksheet per student
to their partner’s sentences, not their own. They can also use Instructions:
their own ideas to respond as long as the comment uses must or Distribute the worksheets. Check that Ss know the meaning of
can’t. Give Ss a minute to look at the boxes on their worksheet and the terms fake news (news stories which are false or spread
consider the kinds of comments they could make with them and
20
false information) and paywall (a feature of a website that means

must or can’t. Model the activity with a student by getting them people have to pay to see part or all of the website, rather than
to read one of the situations and responding using a comment seeing it for free).
with must or can’t. Encourage Ss to then respond to that response Put Ss in pairs and ask them to discuss the questions in Ex 1, then
23
as if it was a question without repeating the modal verb, as elicit some answers.
demonstrated in Ex 9 in the Student’s Book, page 55. Ask Ss to complete Ex 2 individually, then compare their answers
While Ss do the activity, circulate, providing assistance as required. in pairs before checking as a class.
For extra practice, Ss could swap their worksheets and repeat the Get Ss to discuss the question in Ex 3 in pairs.
activity.
As an optional follow up, Ss could choose another topic and
discuss hypothetically how it could be changed for the better
using some second, third and mixed conditional sentences. Give
them some topics to choose from, e.g. education, this school, life,
last weekend.
257
Answer key: Answers:

1 POLAND GETS THROUGH TO THE SEMI-FINALS
1 would be 2 didn’t see 3 consumed Creates huge fan excitement, massive coverage promised
4 would/might increase 5 would find 6 blocked MAJOR BREAKTHROUGH FOR ARTHRITIS SUFFERERS
7 wouldn’t have believed 8 hadn’t appeared/didn’t appear New treatment widely welcomed by doctors
9 didn’t own 10 wouldn’t have 11 realised THREE COUNTRIES WITHDRAW FROM CLIMATE CHANGE
12 might ask/would ask 13 should have kept TREATY
14 hadn’t introduced 15 would still be reading/would still read Renewable energy cost a contributing factor
NETWORK PROMISES MASSIVE COVERAGE OF THE OLYMPICS
S
Extra channel planned for the two-week period

Grammar 2 Second,third and mixed REFERENDUM CAUSES CONTROVERSY
am
conditionals Results could trigger an early election

REPORT EXPOSES COMPANY BOARD COVER-UP
Fraud may lead to member resignations
Instructions: FOOTBALL STAR CAUSES OUTRAGE
Put Ss in groups of four and give them a set of cards face down. No apology for offensive comment
pl
Explain that Ss should take turns to pick up a card and read the
sentence starter. The other Ss in the group need to think of a
way to finish the sentence which is true for each of them. They
e
continue until all the cards have been turned over. Finish by asking 7C
each group to share one or two of the conditionals they made with
the whole class. Language focus 1 Phrases to show the
M
Alternatively, for a shorter activity, give out fewer cards to each relationship between ideas
group. Or, use the cards for a class mingle. Give each student one
at
card. Ss think of a way to complete the conditional phrase, then

find a partner and share their sentence. They then swap cards Instructions:
with their partner and find a new partner to talk to. Elicit the meaning of referendum, and ask Ss if they know
er
anything about them, e.g. have they heard of any, do they have
Answer key: them in their country, etc. Distribute the worksheets. Tell Ss that
Suggested answers: they are going to read two opinions about whether referendums
ia
If I took a year off, I’d go backpacking around the world. are a good way to make decisions. For Ex 1, ask Ss to work in pairs,
If I hadn’t come to class today, I would have slept in. read the title of the article and predict some of the arguments
If we won a class trip abroad, I’d fancy going to Malta. each student might make. Elicit some ideas.
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My life would have turned out really differently if I’d been born For Ex 2, tell Ss that they will need to read the sentences with the
somewhere else. linking phrases very carefully, as for many of the items they need
I would be surprised if it rained tomorrow. We haven’t had to decide whether the information after the phrase is contrasting
any for weeks. with, or simply refers to a previous idea. In some of the items, they
People wouldn’t make offensive comments online if they will need to check the form of the phrase is correct. Give Ss time to
P
weren’t anonymous. work through the exercise individually, or in pairs, before checking
If people heard more good news, they might feel less anxious. answers as a class.
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If I was world famous, it wouldn’t be for my singing. For Ex 3, you could give Ss the option to choose a topic or issue
If my childhood dreams had come true, I would be a train of their own choice. You could brainstorm some possibilities for
driver. the class starting with whether … are a good idea. While Ss are
I’d like it if someone came in with a large chocolate cake writing, circulate, providing assistance as required. Put Ss in pairs
rs
right now. or groups to share their opinion.

People might not recognise me if I dyed my hair purple.
This morning I probably should’ve eaten breakfast before I ran Answers:
on
to catch the bus! 1

1 Even so
Vocabulary Talking about the news 2 Taking that into account
Materials: One set of cards per group 3 Having said that
20
4 But all the same

Instructions:
5 Despite that
Put Ss in groups of three or four. Give out a set of cut-up cards 6 Bearing all of the above in mind
to each group. Explain that Ss need to work together to match 7 And yet
23
each headline (in capitals) with a subheading. Circulate during the 8 Considering that
activity, offering assistance if necessary. Check answers as a class. 9 given that
As an optional follow up, tell Ss that an editor has asked them to 10 Taking that into account
choose three of the stories for the main page of a news website. 11 But then again
Tell half the groups to choose the three stories they think would 12 In spite of all of the above
get the most clicks, and the other half to choose the three stories
they think would be most important to read about. Then, get each
group to report back and compare their decisions.
258
Language focus 2 Phrases to show the

Answer key:
relationship between ideas Suggested clues:
Materials: One worksheet per student 1 When two or more political parties join together to form a
government, it’s called a BEEP. (coalition)
Instructions:
2 If someone is elected again, they are BEEP. (re-elected)
Put Ss in pairs and distribute the worksheets. Go through the 3 If someone arranged an election result, the election was
instructions and the example. Elicit some answers for Ex 1. Draw BEEP. (fixed)
two mind map centres on the board marked ‘Phrases for referring’ 4 A BEEP is the set of rules and procedures around voting and
and ‘Phrases for contrasting’. Elicit and add phrases to the elections in a place. (electoral system)
S
diagrams (asking Ss to try to remember the phrases without 5 The percentage of people who vote in an election is called
referring back to their books). When referring to a previous BEEP. (voter turnout)
am
statement: Taking that into account, Bearing that in mind, 6 If you don’t get to participate in decision-making, you BEEP.
Considering, Given that; When contrasting to a previous (have no say)
statement: And yet, But all the same, Despite that, Even so, 7 At an election, you BEEP for your favourite candidate or
Having said that, In spite of that. political party. (cast your vote)
Ask Ss to complete Ex 2. If Ss find this challenging, consider 8 If a leader wants to be re-elected, they will try to win BEEP.
pl
sharing a few more sample answers to give them ideas of (re-election)

approaches they could take. Ask them to use a variety of phrases 9 A written statement by a person or organisation saying
to start their sentences. To shorten the activity, Ss could add a
e
what they believe in and what they intend to do, is called a

sentence to four of the statements rather than all of them. BEEP. (manifesto)
For Ex 3, put pairs together to form groups of four to share their 10 To BEEP someone, means to formally put that person
M
ideas. Finally, ask each pair to share one of the facts and their forward as a candidate for election. (nominate)
response with the class. 11 At an election, many people cast their votes at BEEP.
(polling stations)
at
Answer key: 12 If a leader or government actions a policy or referendum

Suggested answers: result, it means that they BEEP it. (implement)
13 If a leader or government wants citizens to vote on a
er
2
decision, they might BEEP. (hold a referendum)
1 Bearing that in mind, there should be more campaigns to
14 When votes are counted again to check a result, it’s called a
encourage younger people to vote.
BEEP. (recount)
2 Having said that, it’s not always easy to know how close an
ia
election is going to be ahead of time.

3 Taking that into account, it’s important that people have
8A
l©
access to candidate information.

4 Bearing that in mind, citizens need to be able to trust that
their votes are private. Grammar 1 Complex questions
5 Even so, many educated people still don’t vote!
6 Considering that, it might help voter turnout if there was free Materials: One worksheet per student
transportation to polling stations.
P
Instructions:
7 Given that, perhaps holding too many elections might be Distribute the worksheets. Put Ss in pairs to briefly discuss the
problematic for voter turnout.
ea
questions in Ex 1 and then ask a few Ss to share their ideas. Point

8 And yet, no one can control the weather! out that all the questions on this sheet are complex questions for
the purpose of practice, and that in a real interview they would
Vocabulary Voting and elections probably encounter a range of complex and simple question
rs
structures.
Materials: One bingo grid per student, one set of word cards per Give Ss time to complete the questions in Ex 2 individually, then
group, nine counters per student compare their answers in pairs before checking as a class.
on
Instructions: For Ex 3, tell Ss to work in pairs to discuss, and reflect on, job
Give each student a grid and tell them that they are going to play interviews in their own field (or future field) and how these
a game of bingo to revise the vocabulary from the lesson. Ask Ss questions might relate to it.
to choose nine words and phrases from the box to write in the As an optional extension activity, point out that candidates are
squares on their grid in any order. Distribute counters or get Ss to
20
sometimes given the opportunity to ask questions at the end of

cut, or rip up, nine pieces of paper to use. Read out the sample an interview. Put Ss in pairs to think of at least two questions an
clues below in any order, making it clear that ‘BEEP’ is a substitute interviewee could ask an interviewer, using complex question
for the word the Ss need to find on their grid. Read each clue twice structures.
23
and pause for Ss to cover the word with a counter if it is on their As an optional follow up, Ss could roleplay a job interview using
grid. (Note: It must be the definition, not if the word appears in the some of the questions in the activity.
clue.) Then elicit the word. The first student to cover up their full
grid and call ‘bingo’ is the winner.
Next, put Ss in groups of three or four to play again. Give each
group a set of cut-up word cards face down. Ask Ss to shuffle the
cards and take turns to pick up a word and make up a clue for the
rest of the group, who guess the word, then mark it on their bingo
board if they have it. Once again, the first student to cover up their
grid and call ‘bingo’ is the winner.
259
Vocabulary Describing what your job involves
Answer key:
2 Materials: One card per student
1 What was it that made
Instructions:
2 What is it that you’re
Give one card to each student, and allow them time to read it and
3 Where is it that you see (Note: this question is asking
ask questions about vocabulary if necessary. If there are more
about the kind of job you imagine having in five years, not
than twelve Ss in the class, some of the cards can be used twice.
geographical position.)
Put Ss in pairs. Ask Ss to briefly discuss whether they think their
4 What do you suppose
statements are true or false for the class as a whole. Ss now
5 How do you imagine that
S
mingle, surveying the class to find out whether their statement is

6 Who do you view
true or false. Remind Ss to turn their statement into a question in
7 How is it that you would
am
the second person, e.g. Have you ever assembled a piece of flat
8 What do you think that
pack furniture? When they have spoken to everyone in the class,
9 When is it that you would
ask Ss to tell their results to their original partner. Finally, elicit
10 What exactly was it that
feedback from each student about whether their statement was
11 What do you believe that
true or false and whether they predicted the answer correctly.
12 Why is it that you
pl
Extension activity suggested answers:

What is it that you value most in an employee?
8B
e
What is it that you see as the company’s greatest priority over

the next few years?
Grammar 1 Auxiliary verbs
M
Grammar 2 Complex questions Materials: One worksheet per student

Instructions:
at
Give each student a copy of the worksheet and, for Ex 1, elicit

Instructions:
the words that fit the gaps in item 1 as an example. Note that
Explain that Ss are going to interview each other using complex sometimes more than one answer may be possible. Give Ss time
er
questions. Put Ss in A/B pairs and give each student half a to work through the exercise individually, then compare their
worksheet. Tell Ss to read the instructions and decide on the answers in pairs before checking as a class.
topic they would like to be interviewed about, for example a
For Ex 2, ask Ss to complete the questionnaire individually.
ia
pastime, a type of music, a sport, a language, a subject or a place.

For Ex 3, put Ss in pairs and ask them to compare their answers.
To demonstrate, choose a topic you like, and get Ss to ask you
Encourage Ss to respond to what their partner says using
questions under the headings (if necessary, providing some
auxiliary structures. If they have a different answer, point out that
l©
prompts such as the first few words of each answer). Give Ss time
they could respond with an auxiliary question before their own
to write questions for their partner while you circulate, providing
response, e.g. A: Have you ever flown in a dream? B: No, I haven’t.
assistance as required. Ss then conduct their interviews with each
A: Haven’t you? I have loads of times, it’s fun.
other. Encourage them to respond to their partner’s answers with
comments or follow-up questions.
Answer key:
P
To lengthen the activity and increase fluency practice, after

practising their interviews, interviewers could select three of 1
1 a do b don’t c might/could d used
ea
their questions and repeat the interview performance in front of

another group or pair, as if it is a TV show. 2 a have b haven’t c might/could d do
3 a did b didn’t c did/had d have
4 a is b isn’t c have done/do/might d did/have
Answer key:
rs
5 a should b shouldn’t c could/were d could/should

1
6 a will b won’t c am/’m d do
Suggested answer: Topic: Yoga
on
2
Grammar 2 Auxiliary verbs
Suggested answers:
Reasons for interest: Materials: One set of cards per group
How is it that you became interested in yoga? Instructions:
What is it about yoga that you like? Put Ss in groups of three and give each group a set of cut-up cards
20
Why do you think that yoga is becoming more popular? face down in a pile. Tell Ss that Student A takes a card and reads
Length of interest: the question or statement at the top to the group. Student B gives
How long is it that you’ve been practising yoga? a (true) response to the prompt first, using an auxiliary. (Some
23
When was it that you first heard of yoga? sample answers are given on the card as prompts for the asker if
Information about the topic: Student B can’t think of what to say.) Student C then responds to
Which is it that is your favourite kind of yoga? what Student B said, using another auxiliary structure, e.g. So … I,
What exactly do you do in a yoga class? Neither/Nor … I, an auxiliary question or other answer. Student B
Who is it that you do yoga with? then takes a card and the activity continues until all the cards have
Recommendations/suggestions for others: been used. Monitor the activity, giving Ss the opportunity to ask
Who do you believe that yoga is best for? you questions about the use of auxiliaries if necessary.
What is it that a beginner would need to get started with yoga?
How do you suggest that someone finds out more information
about yoga?
260
Vocabulary Sleep

Answer key:
Materials: One set of cards per group, divided into white and 1
grey cards 1 way more filling 2 quite a bit sweeter 3 miles better
4 much (more) time 5 near as much effort 6 little bit easier
Instructions:
7 a touch more water 8 a lot less complicated 9 a bit richer
Put Ss in groups of three or four and give each group a set of white
10 not quite as healthy 11 a tiny bit spicier
and grey cards. Tell Ss to divide the white cards among themselves
12 ten times braver
and to place the grey cards face down in a pile. Explain that Ss will
take turns to pick up a grey card and read it out loud. The student
Language focus 2 Complex comparatives
S
who has the white card that joins with it to form a collocation from
the lesson gets to keep the pair of cards. The first student to pair
am
all their cards is the winner, although play continues until all cards
are paired. Instructions:
Ss then take turns to choose one of the complete phrases and Explain that Ss are going to participate in a roleplay to practise
read it to the group, who think of different ways to complete using complex comparatives. They are going to be put into
the sentence. Tell them that they will be sharing a few of their committees of three to decide on four items from a menu for an
pl
favourite sentences with the class so they should note down end-of-year student get-together. Put Ss into groups of three. Give
anything particularly interesting to share with the class. Finish each student a menu and a role card. Give them five to ten minutes
by asking each group to share the favourite sentences that they to read the menu and the role card, and to check any vocabulary
e
came up with. they’re unsure of. At this stage, you could put Ss with the same
role card together to discuss what menu choices they will suggest
to the committee and how they could use complex comparatives
M
Answers:
I can’t stop yawning when … to compare their choices favourably with the other options. Give
To avoid suffering from jetlag, you should … Ss a few examples, e.g. A: We should get the vegetables because
at
Stop yourself nodding off by … they’re a bit healthier than some of the other options. B: Really?
Having a lie-in is … I think the cheeseburgers would be way more popular.
People who are night owls tend to … Put Ss in A/B/C pairs to roleplay the discussion. Listen, making
er
If someone snores loudly … sure that Ss are using a range of complex comparatives in their
Having a little nap is … discussions. They could use the Student’s Book open at the lesson
People are usually early risers due to … page (page 67) as a prompt if required.
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If you are out like a light, it means … To finish, get each group to give feedback on what they chose
Having had a sleepless night, it’s normal to … for their final menu with at least one reason, using a complex
comparative. If you have a class which is too large to conduct this
l©
type of feedback, you could combine groups to compare their choices.
8C Answer key:
Sample sentences for discussion:
Language focus 1 Complex comparatives A: For something sweet, I think the fruit plate would be a good
P
Materials: One worksheet per student choice.

B: I think the ice creams would be miles better. I think Ss would
Instructions:
ea
like something a bit more special than fruit.

Consider introducing the topic with a personal anecdote about
C: How about biscuits? They’re still special, but they’d be a little
snacks, using a few complex comparatives. For example, you could
bit easier to eat than ice creams.
tell Ss about a snack that you like and a snack you think you should
B: True, biscuits are nowhere near as messy as ice creams, and
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eat instead, using complex comparatives, such as quite a lot tastier

they’d still be a bit more popular than fruit.
or not quite as healthy, etc.
A: Really? I’d say fruit is a quite a bit more popular than you think.
Distribute the worksheets and put Ss in pairs to discuss Ex 1. Invite
on
a few Ss to share their answers.

Look at the first gap in Ex 2 with the class, and elicit the answer
Vocabulary Food and cooking
using the words in brackets. Give Ss time to complete the rest Materials: One worksheet per student
of the exercise individually, then compare their answers in pairs
Instructions:
before checking as a class.
20
Tell Ss that they’re going to read a little bit about Madagascan

For Ex 3, put Ss in pairs and make sure that Ss have time to read
food to practise the vocabulary. Ask the class to share what they
both parts of the conversation.
know about Madagascar, e.g. it’s an island; it’s located off the
As an optional follow up, ask Ss to work in pairs and choose one
coast of Africa; it’s known for its exotic wildlife, especially lemurs.
23
snack food each that they are both familiar with. Give them
Distribute the worksheets and put Ss in pairs to discuss Ex 1,
five minutes to see how many different complex comparative
checking they understand each of the words in the box.
sentences they can make about their two snacks. If necessary,
For Ex 2, give Ss time to complete the text individually. Ask Ss to
provide some prompts to think about, e.g. Which snack is
compare their answers in pairs before checking answers as a class.
healthier/sweeter/easier to make/more unusual?
Then briefly discuss the questions in Ex 3. For Ex 4, encourage Ss
to discuss food preparation using the words in the box, e.g. they
may talk about dishes they are familiar with that use similar
cooking techniques, or similar ingredients that are cooked in a
different way. For Ex 5, put Ss in groups and give them time to
make notes before discussing their ideas.
261
For a longer follow-up activity, ask Ss to design a menu (with
best anecdote. Remind Ss to listen for how not only, no sooner, as

descriptions) to showcase the food of a country or region, and soon as feature in the stories as they listen. If your class enjoys
present it to a group or the class. competition, you may wish to finish with a class vote on which was
the most entertaining story. Note that some stories may be based
Answer key: on the same picture, which is fine.
2 Alternatively, for a shorter activity, Ss could just make up one
1 drained 2 dipped 3 roasted 4 grilled 5 simmered anecdote for Ex 1.
6 grated 7 blended 8 steamed 9 peeled 10 sprinkled
Vocabulary Feelings
S
Materials: One list card, A–F, per group of Ss, blank paper or
9A
am
whiteboards
Instructions:
Grammar 1 not only and no sooner/as soon as Put Ss in groups of four. Give a different list card A, B, C or D to
Materials: One worksheet per student each student in the group and tell them not to show it to anyone.
(If you need to have groups of five or six, you can use the extra
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Instructions:
list cards E and F.) Explain to Ss that they are going to play a
Distribute the worksheets. Put Ss in pairs and ask them to discuss game where they need to get the other group members to
Ex 1. Check answers as a class.
e
say the words or phrases on their list. To do that, they will take
Give Ss time to complete Ex 2 individually, then compare answers turns to give a definition of (explain), act out or draw the words/
in pairs, before checking as a class. expressions on their list.
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For Ex 3, put Ss in pairs to discuss the question. Encourage Ss Give Ss time to read their lists and think about how they will
to use a range of vocabulary to describe feelings during their present each item. You could let Ss work with others with the
discussion. Finish by eliciting some ideas from a few Ss. same list during this process. Circulate, providing assistance if
at
necessary.
Answer key:
Give each group some blank paper or whiteboards for drawing.
1 Explain that Ss can choose the order that they explain the items
er
1B 2C 3A 4D on their list in and they will also take turns to elicit one of their
2 words using their preferred mode (explain, act out, or draw).
1 No sooner 2 as soon as 3 not only 4 as soon as Once an item has been guessed, they can tick it off their list. (For
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5 No sooner 6 Not only 7 No sooner 8 Not only a competitive activity, Ss could receive one point for each word
9 As soon as 10 not only 11 As soon as 12 No sooner they guess off someone else’s list.) The activity is complete when
3 all the words have been guessed. Alternatively, give groups a set
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Suggested answers: time limit (about twelve minutes), to see how many words can be
A embarrassed, a little foolish guessed in that time.
B disappointed, a bit tearful Alternative activities:
C furious, appalled, shaken up Instead of giving Ss a choice of how they present each word
D worried, happy (definition, acting it out, drawing), change the presentation
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method at different points in the activity, e.g. by ringing a bell,

clapping or calling out the new method that Ss must use.
ea
Grammar 2 not only and no sooner/as soon as

If you think Ss will find naming the words/phrases too challenging,
Materials: One card, A, B or C, per pair give them all a photocopied worksheet, so that they can guess
Instructions: from all the lists.
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Explain that the class is going to have an ‘entertaining story Ss could do the activity in groups of three, using cards A, B and C.
festival’ to practise the grammar point. Put Ss in pairs and give To revise the vocabulary set in a subsequent lesson, repeat the
each pair a card, A, B or C. Tell them not to show anyone else the activity using cards D and F.
on
pictures on their card. Go through the instructions to Ex 1.

Emphasise that they can either use the pictures on the card or
their own ideas. Consider giving some guidance about 9B
appropriateness, i.e. that the story should be fun, and not hurtful
to anyone. Emphasise that the anecdotes should be quite short Grammar 1 will and would for habits;
20
(a similar length to the anecdotes in the previous worksheet, 9A I wish he would

Grammar 1, not only and no sooner/as soon as, making sure to
include the three target expressions (not only, no sooner, as soon Materials: One worksheet per student
23
as). Circulate while Ss make up their anecdotes, providing Instructions:

assistance as required. Tell Ss that they don’t necessarily need to Give each student a worksheet and go through the instructions for
write down their stories, but both Ss in the pair must be able to Ex 1. One, two or three options may be possible in each
retell them at the next stage, and should think carefully about answer. When Ss have completed Ex 1 individually, ask them to
how not only, no sooner and as soon as will be used. For Ex 2, ask compare their answers in pairs before checking as a class.
pairs to choose their most entertaining anecdote and prepare to
Before Ex 2, give Ss time to read the questions again and consider
retell it.
how they would answer them personally. Encourage Ss to use
For Ex 3, put Ss in groups of three consisting of one student from structures from the lesson in their answers. Finish by asking the
each of the A/B/C pairs. Point out that once Ss have decided class a few of the questions and getting a couple of Ss to answer
which of the three stories is the most entertaining, they may each one.
modify it further before Ex 4. For Ex 4, each group shares their
262
Alternatively, give Ss time to write their own answers to the

questions from Ex 1. This could be done for homework. In the next 9C
class, put Ss in pairs to interview each other.
Language focus 1 Making new words
Answer key:
1 Materials: One worksheet per student
1 a, b 2 c 3 b 4 a, b 5 b, c 6 b 7 a, b, c 8 a, c 9 a, b, c Instructions:
10 a, c 11 a, b, c 12 a Distribute the worksheets and ask Ss to complete Ex 1 individually,
before comparing their answers in pairs and checking as a class. Put
S
Ss in pairs for Ex 2. Point out that Ss should ask each other different
Grammar 2 will and would for habits;
questions. If time allows, Ss could swap partners and ask five
I wish he would
am
different questions. For Ex 3, ask a few Ss to report back something

Materials: One worksheet per student interesting their partner said in response to one of the questions.
Instructions:
Answer key:
Draw a 2 x 4 grid on the board and write a few of your own
1
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answers to prompts 1–10 from the worksheet in the grid.

Distribute the worksheets and get Ss to guess which prompts 1 brunch 2 unputdownable 3 FOMO 4 edutainment
your answers refer to. Ask Ss to write an answer to eight of the 5 on the up 6 zeitgeist 7 trendspotter 8 karaoke 9 yoga
e
prompts in the grid on their worksheet. Remind them not to write 10 partying 11 uni 12 busyish 13 tech startup
the items in question order to make the activity more challenging. 14 undrinkable 15 crowdsourced
Next, put Ss in pairs and tell them to tear/cut off the bottom half
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of the sheet and exchange it with their partner. Looking at each Language focus 2 Making new words
other’s answers, they have to guess the prompt by forming a full
sentence or question using one of the target structures from the Materials: One worksheet per student
at
lesson, e.g. You wish people would pick up their litter. When Ss Instructions:
guess the prompt correctly, they tick the answer. Distribute the worksheet and explain that Ss should complete the
The activity continues until Ss have ticked all the answers relating questionnaire in Ex 1 with Yes/No answers. To help them with the
er
to the items in the grid. Conduct class feedback by having a few definitions of the words in bold, tell them that four of the items
Ss read out one or two of their answers and eliciting the relevant are pictured, that they can use context, they can ask each other, or
prompt from the class. they can ask you to work out, or guess, what the words mean.
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Put Ss in pairs to discuss how the words in bold might be made and
Answers: add them to the correct place in the chart in Ex 2. Check answers
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Suggested answers: as a class, going through the meanings of the words at the same
1 brush my teeth 2 rock-climbing 3 being so busy time (see notes below).
4 mental health 5 a basketball court 6 university For Ex 3, have a class mingle. Ask Ss to move around the classroom,
7 my cousin’s farm 8 mushrooms 9 sour sweets asking and answering the questions to find someone else with
10 my college assignment the same answer as them for each question if they can, and add
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their name to the final column of the questionnaire. Finally, elicit

anything interesting or surprising from the discussion.
Vocabulary Describing people and
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their habits Answer key:

Materials: One worksheet per pair or group, with right-hand 2
column cut into cards 1 derivation
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Instructions: chocolatey – suffix -y added to noun chocolate to turn it into

Put Ss in pairs or groups of three. Give out the list of questions 1–12 an adjective
and a set of cards to each pair or group. Get Ss to read the cards tidyish – suffix -ish added to adjective tidy to convey the idea
on
and decide what context the comments relate to (studying). that something is a bit (but not very) tidy
Explain that Ss need to take turns to read a comment card and 2 loan words
work together to decide which question it refers to. When Ss have kebab – borrowed from Arabic. A flat bread filled with meat and
matched the questions with the comments, check the answers salad. (See picture)
origami – borrowed from Japanese. The art of folding paper
20
as a class.
into shapes. (See picture)
As an optional follow up, ask pairs/groups to choose a different
3 conversion
context they are familiar with, e.g. a cinema, an airport or a
favourited – a noun converted to a verb to describe the
shared house. Tell them to think of comments that people might
23
process of saving a website into a folder of favourite websites

say in that situation that reflect four of the words in bold in the
friended – a noun converted to a verb to describe the process
questions. Combine pairs/groups to make groups of four/six. Ask
of adding someone as a friend on social media
pairs to share their comments and see if the other pair can guess
4 abbreviations
which of the target words they relate to.
DIY – (do-it-yourself ) the activity of making or repairing things
yourself instead of buying them or paying someone else to do it
Answer key:
footy – informal abbreviation for football
1 I 2 E 3 F 4 G 5 J 6 H 7 C 8 A 9 K 10 L 11 B
UNESCO – (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
12 D
Organization) a part of the United Nations. A UNESCO site is
one that has been recognised as having extremely significant
historical, cultural or natural value.
263
5 compounding
binge-watched – a compound of binge (to eat a lot in a short 10A
amount of time) and watch. It means to watch a lot of episodes
of a series over a short period of time. Grammar 1 Prepositions 2
photo-bombed – a compound of photo and bomb. It means to Materials: One worksheet per student
appear into the background of someone else’s photograph and
Instructions:
spoil it by doing something such as making a silly face.
Brainstorm the different fields of science Ss know and write them
6 portmanteau words
on the board, e.g. chemistry, physics, biology, geology. Distribute
staycation – portmanteau of stay and vacation that means
S
the worksheets. Put Ss in pairs and ask them to complete Ex 1

to have a holiday where you just relax at home or do day trips
before checking answers as a class.
around your local area
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Get Ss to complete Ex 2 individually, then compare their answers

hangry – portmanteau of hungry and angry that means to get
in pairs before checking as a class. Put Ss in pairs to discuss the
angry or irritated because of hunger
questions in Ex 3. Ask a few Ss to share
forex – portmanteau of foreign exchange, a booth, often at
their ideas.
airports or in banks, where you can exchange different currencies
As an optional follow up, Ss could write their own paragraph
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about why they chose their career or field of study and what they
Vocabulary Trends like about it, using some of the phrases with prepositions from
the text.
e

Instructions:
Answer key:
Distribute the worksheets. Ask Ss to discuss Ex 1 in pairs, then
M
1
elicit the answers.
1c 2a 3d 4 b
For Ex 2, tell Ss that they need to consider whether the meaning
2
at
of the word fits with the surrounding words and any prepositions
following it (rather than which word reflects the real situation, A 1 In 2 with 3 out 4 In 5 in 6 for 7 In 8 into/for
which they will look at in Ex 3). Give Ss time to work through Ex 2 9 with 10 on
individually, then compare their answers in pairs before checking B 1 by 2 at 3 of 4 about 5 of 6 as 7 to 8 of 9 on
er
as a class. 10 over
Next, put Ss in groups of four to discuss Ex 3. Tell them that if they 3
don’t know what the actual situation is, they can discuss what 1 on 2 in 3 for, by
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they think or hope it is, e.g. I think there’s been an explosion of

street art in other areas, but we haven’t had one here. Personally, Grammar 2 Prepositions 2
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I hope we do see sculptures and paintings in the neighbourhood

soon. Materials: One worksheet per student, counters (five per student)
Instructions:
Answer key: Distribute the worksheets. Ask Ss to complete the sentences in
1 Ex 1 with the correct preposition, then check as a class. For Ex 2,
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1d 2c 3a 4b give Ss a minute to tick the answers that are true for them. If time
2 allows, Ss could share some of their answers in pairs. Ss should
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1 an explosion (decline + in) then write their six sentences for Ex 3. Tell Ss that they will need
2 an epidemic (hike + in) (Note: epidemic usually refers to to share their sentences so should only write things they are
a sudden increase in the number of times or frequency that comfortable with telling other members of the class.
something bad happens, rather than cost; hike is often For the mingle in Ex 4, give each student five counters. If a student
rs
used for a sharp increase in cost/price) guesses correctly if a sentence is true or false, the other student
3 both options are possible gives them one of their counters. Allow about ten minutes for
4 slashed (slump is intransitive: you can’t slump something) the mingle, then get Ss to sit down. The student with the most
on
5 both options are possible counters is the winner.

6 shrunk (plunge is usually used when talking about the Alternative activities:
height or number of something) Get Ss to mark their points with a pencil on their sheet rather than
7 decline (steady decline is a collocation, whereas a hike is a using counters.
20
large increase, usually in one increment) To lengthen the duration of Ex 1, Ss could work in A/B pairs and
8 explosion (dip + in) take turns to read the sentence aloud, reading each gap as a BEEP
9 slumped (slashed means to greatly reduce an amount, noise. Their partner needs to say the preposition.
price, etc., so would need to be passive in this sentence)
Instead of the mingle in Ex 4, Ss could share (and guess) their
23
10 both options are possible

sentences in pairs. Also,have a mingle without including the
competitive aspect of exchanging counters.
Answer key:
1
1 for 2 over 3 out 4 down 5 in, in 6 on 7 with 8 of
9 Despite, on 10 as 11 to 12 for 13 with 14 up 15 in
16 at
264
Vocabulary Science allow the other team thirty seconds to respond with a counter

argument if they wish. Then, have the class vote on each topic.
Materials: One worksheet per group, cut into a question sheet, Alternatively, for a shorter, more informal activity, Ss could have their
answer cards and word cards debates against their opposing team without the class as an audience.
Instructions:
Put Ss in groups of four. Give each group a copy of the question Vocabulary Book reviews
sheet and the word cards.
Ask groups to try and predict which word cards might be included Materials: One worksheet per student
in each answer using their own knowledge. After about ten Instructions:
S
minutes, give out the answer cards (labelled A–E). Ask Ss to Distribute the worksheets. For Ex 1,ask Ss to work individually to find
match the answer cards with the questions and complete the the ten words in the wordsearch. For Ex 2, ask Ss to match the words
am
gaps with the word cards. Check answers as a class. To finish, ask and definitions. Check the answers as a class. For Ex 3, go through
Ss to share any information they found surprising or interesting in the example questions and elicit a couple of others. Put Ss in pairs
the activity. or groups to take turns to ask and answer their own questions.
Alternatively, Ex 2 can be completed without doing the
Answer key: wordsearch first. Ss can use the words from Ex 10–11 in the
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1D 2C 3B 4E 5A Student’s Book, page 81.

A random, genetic B classify, proof
C simulations, statistical, experimental
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Answer key:
D physicists, theoretically E reliable, trials, invalid
1 j a b e s e t i n k d i j u k
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e r v q j t k r n l e f h l n
s p r o t a g o n i s t i g u
10B
c b a z i n c b p d c e h j o
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t e o p h d i s t u r b i n g
Grammar 1 Linking words and phrases
c o n t r o v e r s i a l a x
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k s a w l n u u a q p e c r t
Instructions: b n j i g z v o x r t d f r b
Distribute the worksheets. Ask if anyone has heard of Marie c j n s p o r t r a i t g a f
Kondo or her book The life-changing magic of tidying up. Check Ss
ia
w h d t f y b y q p v c r t s
understand what decluttering is (to make a place tidy by removing
m a s t e r p i e c e d z o a
clutter, i.e. things you do not want or need ).
l©
i g e x v g r i p p i n g r e
As Ss work through Ex 1 and 2 individually, circulate, providing
assistance as required. Ask Ss to compare their answers in pairs 2
before checking as a class. Put Ss in pairs and give them a couple 1 protagonist 2 narrator 3 gripping 4 be set 5 descriptive
of minutes to discuss the question in Ex 3. Finish by eliciting a 6 disturbing 7 portrait 8 twist 9 controversial
few responses. 10 masterpiece
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As an extension, Ss could consider whether any other linking

words or phrases could be substituted in the gaps with no change
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in meaning or the words around the gap.

10C
Answer key:
2 Language focus 1 Puns
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1 due to 2 On top of that 3 not to mention 4 As such Materials: One worksheet per student
5 even though 6 As soon as 7 not only 8 In order to
Instructions:
9 During 10 unless 11 Whilst 12 Nonetheless
on
Distribute the worksheets. For Ex 1, point out that all the words
or phrases in the box have some sort of double meaning which
Grammar 2 Linking words and phrases can form a pun to complete the jokes. Ask Ss to complete as many
puns as they can individually.
Materials: One card per group
Then put Ss in pairs to do Ex 2 and 3. To check the answers, go
20
Instructions: through Ex 1 to 3 for each joke.

Tell Ss that they’re going to have a debate to practise using Alternatively, cut the worksheet just below the wordpool box.
linking words and phrases in context. Put Ss in groups of three (or Give Ss the wordpool box first. Ask them to work in pairs and
pairs if you have a small class). There must be an even number
23
discuss how the words and phrases might have a double meaning,
of groups. Give each group a card. Focus Ss on their topic and a literal/figurative meaning, or sound the same or almost the same
make sure they note whether they are going to present ‘for’ or as another word. Then proceed with the rest of the activity.
‘against’ their topic. Go through the task steps with the class to
check Ss understand what they need to do. Remind them that
Answer key:
linking words and phrases should be their focus as they write their
speech. Give Ss time to prepare their debate, while you circulate to 1
provide assistance. This could be done over more than one lesson 1 tank 2 a nap 3 hitting traffic 4 hair 5 flexible 6 lion
so that Ss have the opportunity to practise their presentation 7 burn calories 8 highlight 9 let us 10 took a day off
for homework if they want to. For the debate, Ss from opposing 3
teams take turns to present their speeches. After each speech A 1, 5 B 3, 7, (8), 10 C 2, 4, 6, 8, 9
265
Language focus 2 Compound adjectives

Instructions:
Start by sharing a couple of examples of the pun type that Ss will
be matching in this activity, e.g. I’m watching a series about plants,
it’s growing on me. I’m watching a series about a failing medical
centre. But it requires more patience. Put Ss in groups of three or
four. Give each group a set of cards and ask them to work together
S
to match the statements and the responses. Check answers as a

class, explaining the puns if necessary.
am
As an optional follow up, give groups time to see if they can think
of any puns that follow the same format. Point out that it may be
easier to think of the second half with a double meaning first, then
think of the topic for the series.
Alternatively, give each student one card, making sure that every
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card you give out has a pair. Ask Ss to mingle to find the other
half of their pun. Then ask each pair to read their pun aloud to
the class.
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Answer key:
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1f 2a 3g 4b 5e 6i 7d 8h 9c
Explanations:
1 Needles literally have a point. Getting to the point means
at
getting to the main idea.

2 Bacteria literally make people sick. If a series makes you sick,
you find it disgusting/you really don’t like it.
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3 Locked towers are literally difficult to get into. A book that is

difficult to get into is one that is hard to enjoy.
4 The ocean is literally very deep (not shallow). The adjective
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deep means intense.

5 Doors literally open. If something opens your mind, it gives
you a new perspective.
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6 The desert is literally dry (i.e. there’s not much water). Dry
also means boring or funny.
7 Aloud (which relates to silent) sounds like allowed.
8 Mistakes sounds like missed steaks. A vegetarian doesn’t eat
steaks.
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9 Whether sounds like weather. Storms are a type of weather.

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Vocabulary Talking about humour

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Instructions:
Give each student a copy of the worksheet and ask them to read
the posts. Put Ss in pairs and ask them to briefly discuss the
on
questions in Ex 1. If necessary, clarify that April Fools’ Day is the 1st

April, a day when in some English-speaking countries, people have
a tradition of playing practical jokes on each other. Ask for a few
responses from the class if there is time.
Give Ss time to complete Ex 2 individually, then compare their
20
answers in pairs before checking answers as a class.

Put Ss in pairs or small groups to discuss the questions in Ex 3
and 4. Finish by asking each group to share something from their
23
discussion with the class.
Answers:
2
1b 2f 3g 4 h 5a 6c 7d 8e
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S
Pearson Education Limited
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and Associated Companies throughout the world.
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© Pearson Education Limited 2020
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All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in

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am
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ISBN: 978-1-292-22856-3
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Illustration acknowledgements
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Photo acknowledgements
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MariaKovaleva 224, Pakhnyushchy 159, PhotoNN 192, Roman Babakin 159,
Seth Wenig/AP 237, SewCream 222, Sorang 192, Tom Jastram 192.
Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders and we apologise in
advance for any unintentional omissions. We would be pleased to insert the
appropriate acknowledgement in any subsequent edition of this publication.
P
ea
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Pearson Education Limited
KAO TWO
KAO Park
Hockham Way
Harlow, Essex
CM17 9SR
England
and Associated Companies throughout the world.
pearsonenglish.com
© Pearson Education Limited 2020
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All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in

a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written
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permission of the Publishers.

Photocopying The Publisher grants permission for the photocopying of those
pages marked ‘photocopiable’ according to the following conditions. Individual
purchasers may make copies for their own use or for use by the classes they
each. Institutional purchasers may make copies for use by their staff and
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students, but this permission does not extend to additional institutions or

branches. Under no circumstances may any part of this book be photocopied
for resale.
First published 2020
e
ISBN: 978-1-292-22856-3
Set in Soho Gothic Pro
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Printed and bound in Slovakia by Neografia
Illustration acknowledgements
at
Illustrations by Morokoth Fournier des Corats
Photo acknowledgements
The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind permission to
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reproduce their photographs:

Alamy Stock Photo: Agefotostock 234, Ashok Saxena 159, Francis Cassidy 193,
Inga Spence 234; Getty Images: Adamkaz 210, Alex Stammers / 500px 192,
Boy_Anupong 192, CarmenMurillo 237, Didier Marti 192, Ferlistockphoto 224,
ia
Gang Zhou 177, Guenterguni 225, Hagen Hopkins 202, JGI/Tom Grill 177, LaylaBird 177,
M-imagephotography 177, Maica 159, PeopleImages 210, Portra 177, Roos Koole 210,
Sam Edwards/Caiaimage 228, SilviaJansen 225, TwilightShow 225, VCG 201, 201,
l©
YinYang 225; Shutterstock: AboutLife 177, Bjoern Wylezich 168, Cookie Studio 210,
MariaKovaleva 224, Pakhnyushchy 159, PhotoNN 192, Roman Babakin 159,
Seth Wenig/AP 237, SewCream 222, Sorang 192, Tom Jastram 192.
Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders and we apologise in
advance for any unintentional omissions. We would be pleased to insert the
appropriate acknowledgement in any subsequent edition of this publication.
P
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Roadmap B2+ - Teacher's Book

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S

Damian Williams, Clementine Annabell

Student’s Book contents 4–7

Student’s Book 12–15

Support components 16–19

Course methodology 20–23

Photocopiable activities index 151–152

Photocopiable activities notes and answer key 243–266

Go online for the Roadmap video.

A good cause double comparatives charities intonation in double present a case

page 22 future activities

Go online for the Roadmap video.

4B page 32 fashion adjective clothes and fashion

Go online for the Roadmap video.

1A Develop your writing write a report changing the register of spoken

1B Develop your listening understand informal identifying rhetorical questions

1C Develop your reading understand newspaper and recognising similarities and

page 96 magazine articles diﬀerences between opinions

2A Develop your reading understand intended recognising positive and

2C Develop your listening understand disagreement in recognising how modiﬁers can

3A Develop your writing write an effective leaflet writing effective paragraphs

3B Develop your listening understand a podcast recognising fractions and

3C Develop your reading understand magazine recognising lexical cues

4A Develop your listening understand casual recognising when something is

4B Develop your writing write an academic essay developing an argument in an

page 122 essay

4C Develop your reading understand online recognising repetition of ideas

5A Develop your listening understand public address understanding public

5B Develop your writing write a narratiive using evocative and descriptive

5C Develop your reading understand an article when to check the meaning of

Contents FAST-TRACK ROUTE

6C page 50 (expect, surprised) events been to

Go online for the Roadmap video.

8A page 62 your job involves what you do

6C Develop your writing write a review checking and correcting spelling

page 128 messages for important signiﬁcance of an event

7C Develop your reading understand an article understanding cause and eﬀect

8A Develop your listening follow extended identifying clariﬁcation language

page 93 unstructured speech

8B Develop your writing write a response to an article challenging evidence used in an

9A Develop your listening understand panel interviews recognising when someone

9B Develop your writing write a narrative linking two actions together

page 112 summary

10A Develop your writing write a biography using a range of idiomatic

10C Develop your listening follow a conversation improving listening skills

print, online and using the mobile app.

Map your own route through the course

solve this problem.

Fast track route: Extended route:

leading to a ﬁnal GSE-related and listening) linked to the

Build your students’ conﬁdence

Roadmap is designed to be as supportive and easy to use as possible, whatever your

● a huge range of additional support materials, including video, photocopiable games

one place and enhances your performance as a teacher.

BOOK and T’S

Damian Williams, Clementine Annabell

Develop your skills lessons at the back of the book.

the words in brackets.

pronunciation and leads to a ﬁnal speaking task based on

Global Scale of English learning objectives. Grammar: cleft sentences