OUR OWN HIGH SCHOOL, DUBAI

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Grade:X Subject: BIOLOGY Topic: How do organisms reproduce? Date:26.08.2023

COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS

1. The diagram shows four different populations of a freshwater fish. All fish belong to the same
species but with two different adaptations.

Which population is most likely to survive a small increase in water salinity in its habitat?
A. Population 2 B. Population 4 C. Population 1 D. Population 3

2. The diagram shows the reproductive system of a human female.

1, 2, 3 and 4 are four different parts of the system.

Fertilisation is the union of a sperm with a mature egg.In which part of the female reproductive
system does fertilisation take place?
A) 1 B)2 C) 3 D) 4
3. Which of the following diseases is caused by a sexually transmissible bacterium?
A. Wart B. Cholera C. Influenza D. Gonorrhoea
4. Medha cut a celery plant into two pieces.
She placed the lower part of the cut celery in a jar of water.

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 The pictures show what Medha observed after a week.

What can Medha conclude from her activity?

A. Some plants can grow without sunlight. B. Some plants can regenerate.
C. Some plants grow best indoors. D.Some plants need both male and female organs to reproduce.
5 The diagram below represents the male human reproductive system.

Identify the part that is responsible for the secretion of testosterone.

a) P b) Q c) R d) S
5 Which of the following is not an outcome of variations
present in population?
(a) Bacterial resistance to heat
(b) Different colour of eyes
(c) Maintenance of body design fearures
(d) Survival of species over time
7. Which conditions are necessary to activate enzymes when a seed germinates?

(a) C (b) A (c) D (d) B

8. The diagram shows the cross-section through the carpel of a flower just before fertilisation

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9. Given below are certain adaptations in fruits of certain plants. On the basis of information given below,
identify the agent of pollination in both situations.
1. Small, dry and light seeds with a parachute of fine hair.
2. Brightly-coloured, sweet and juicy but hard seeds.
(a) 1-insects, 2-animals (b) 1-water, 2-insects (c) 1-wind, 2-animals (d) 1-birds, 2-insects
10. The diagram shows the arrangement of blood vessels in the uterus wall and placenta of a pregnant
women

Which of the following will increase in concentration in the blood at it flows from 1 and 2?
(a) Amino acids (b) Carbon dioxide (c) Glucose (d) Oxygen
11. The diagram show a section through the female reproductive system
During pregnancy, where does mitosis occur in the

During pregnancy, where does mitosis occur in the cells of the embryo.

12. Among all the methods of contraception, which one can prevent the implantation of the fertilised egg?
(a) Coil (mechanical) (b) Condom (mechanical) (c) Spermicide (chemical) (d) Vasectomy (surgical
13. Which of the following is not an outcome of variations present in population?
(a) Bacterial resistance to heat
(b) Different colour of eyes
(c) Maintenance of body design fearures
(d) Survival of species over time
14. Which of the following have buds on their leaves as vegetative reproducing structure?
(a) Rose (b) Strawberry (c) Bougaincillea (d) Bryophyllum
15. . The development of a seedling from an embryo under appropriate condition is called
(a) regeneration (b) germination (c) vegetative propagation (d) pollinatio
16. Which of the following organisms do not depend on reproduction to exchange genetic information
(a) animals (b) plants (c) bacteria (d) fungi
17. Oral-contraceptives prevent the
(a) fertilization (b) ovulation (c) implantation (d) entrance of sperms in vagina

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18. A population of thermophilic archaebacteria are generally found in hot springs. Any change to the
temperature of the water affects the survival of the archaeabacteria. If the temperature of hot
springs gets reduced, change in which component can allow survival of few members of these
archaeabacteria?
(a) cell wall (b) cytoplasm (c) DNA (d) ribosomes
19.

20.

ASSERTION REASONING TYPE QUESTIONS

DIRECTION :
The following question consist of two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these
questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
(e)Both Assertion and Reason are false.
1. Assertion : DNA copying is necessary during reproduction.
Reason : DNA copying leads to the transmission of characters from parents to offspring.
2. Assertion : Holoblastic cleavage with almost equal sized blastomeres is a characteristic of placental
animals.
Reason : Eggs of most mamals, including humans, are of centrolecithal type
3. Assertion : Sexual reproduction increases genetic diversities and plays a role in origin of new species.
Reason : Sexual reproduction involves formation of gametes and fusion of gametes
4. Assertion : An embryo is formed from fertilized egg.
Reason : A monocot embryo comprises embryonal axis with two cotyledons
5. Assertion : Scrotum is present outside the abdominal cavity.
Reason : It stores sperms which require a lower temperature than the normal body temperature.
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6. Assertion : HIV-AIDS is a bacterial disease.
Reason : It spreads through sharing of food and water.
7. Assertion : Unisexual flowers have separate male and female flowers whereas a typical monocot
embryo comprises an embryonal axis with single cotyledon.
Reason : Cucumber, pumpkin and water melon are example of unisexual flowers.
8. Assertion : Plants are vegetatively propagated even though they bear seeds.
Reason : Potatoes reproduces through tubers, apples by cutting etc
9. Assertion : Asexual reproduction is a primitive type of reproduction.
Reason : Asexual reproduction involves only mitotic cell division.
10. Assertion : Individuals produced by asexual reproduction are known as clones.
Reason : They are known as clones because they are genetically identical
CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS
1. Bacteria follow an asexual mode of reproduction, called binary fission. A single bacterium
divides into two daughter cells. These are identical to the parent cell as well as to each other.
Replication of DNA within parent bacterium marks the beginning of the fission. Eventually, cell
elongates to form two daughter cells.
The diagram shows the process of binary fission in bacteria

The rate and timing of reproduction depend upon the conditions like temperature and
availability of nutrients. When there is a favorable condition, E. coli or Escherichia coli
produces about 2 million bacteria every 7 hours.
1. a) What is the process of the division of a cell into several cells during reproduction in Plasmodium ?
1. b). A Planaria worm is cut horizontally in the middle into two halves P and Q such that the part
P contains the whole head of the worm. Another Planaria worm is cut vertically into two halves
R and S in such a way that both the cut pieces R and S contain half head each. Which of the cut
pieces of the two Planaria worms could regenerate to form the complete respective worms
1.c) The rapid spreading of bread would on slices of bread is due to spore formation. Explain
spore formation
1. d) Suppose a bacterium reproduces by binary fission every 20 minutes. The new cells survive
and reproduce at the same rate. The graph below shows how the bacterial population would
grow from a single bacterium. What do you conclude?
2. The growing size of the human population is a cause of concern for all people. The rate of birth
and death in a given population will determine its size. The human population growth year wise
is shown in the below figure. Reproduction is the process by which organisms increase their
population. The process of sexual maturation for reproduction is gradual and takes place while
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 general body growth is still going on. Some degree of sexual maturation does not necessarily
mean that the mind or body is ready for sexual act or for having and bringing up children.
Various contraceptive devices are being used by human beings to control the size of population

2 a) List two common signs of sexual maturation in boys and girls.

2 b) What is reproductive health? What is its significance?
2 c) What is the result of reckless female foeticide? Which contraceptive method changes the hormonal
balance of the body?
2d) Write two factors that determine the size of a population.

APPLICATION BASED QUESTIONS

1. Planarians can regenerate lost body parts due to the presence of specialised cells called neoblasts.
These specialised cells multiply and make a large mass of cells from which different cells undergo
changes to become different types of cells and tissues.
(a) In plants, in which type of tissue are cells that have a function similar to neoblasts found?
(b)How do the characteristics of a planarium formed by regeneration compare with the
characteristics of the original planarium? justify your answer.
2. Why is variation beneficial to the species but not necessary for the individual?
3. Why is it said that “sexual reproduction promotes diversity of characters in the
offsprings”?
4. Why are variation possible in progeny of sexually reproductive individuals?
5. Neha did not want to have a child. So, she went to a doctor who suggested her to adopt
contraceptive methods. What are the reasons for adopting contraceptive methods?
6. In tobacco plant, the male gametes have twenty four chromosomes. What is the number of
chromosomes in the female gamete? What is the number of chromosomes in the zygote?
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2 marks)
1 (i)What is fertilisation? Distinguish between external fertilisation and internal
fertilisation.
(ii) What is the site of fertilisation in human beings?
2 Define the terms unisexual and bisexual giving one example of each.
3 Differentiate between ‘self-pollination’ and ‘cross- pollination’. Describe double fertilisation in plants.
4 What is the effect of DNA copying which is not perfectly accurate on the reproduction process?
5 What is ‘reproduction’? Mention the importance of DNA copying inreproduction.
6 “Variations that confer an advantage to
an individual organism only will survive in a population.” Justify.

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7 Name one sexually transmitted disease each caused due to bacterial infection and viral infection.
How can these be prevented ?
8 What is regeneration? State a reason why a more complex organism cannot give rise to new
individuals through this method.
9 List any four reasons for vegetative propagation being practised in the growth of some type of plants.
10 Write any two differences between binary fission and multiple fission in a tabular form as observed in
cells of organism
11. Explain the following methods of contraception giving one example of each:
(i) Barrier method (ii) Hormonal imbalance method (iii) Surgical method.
12. State one genetically different feature between sperms and eggs of humans. What is its
consequence?
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (3 marks)
1. 8(a) In the human body what is the role of
(i) seminal vesicles, and (ii) prostate gland?
(b) List two functions performed by testis in human beings.
2. Illustrate the following with the help of suitable diagrams:
(i) Regeneration in Planaria.
(ii) Budding in Hydra.
3. Illustrate the following with the help of suitable diagrams:
(i) Binary Fission in Amoeba. (ii)Leaf of Bryophyllum with buds.
4. Illustrate the following with the help of suitable diagrams:
(i) Spore formation in Rhizopus. (ii)Multiple fission in Plasmodium.
5. (a) Explain the terms:
(i) Implantation (ii) Placenta
(b) What is the average duration of human pregnancy?
6. What are sexually transmitted diseases?
Name four such diseases. Which one of them damages the immune system of human body?
7. Write the full form of DNA. Name the part of the cell where it is located. Explain its role in the process
of reproduction of the cell.
8. List any three differences between pollination and fertilisation.
9. What does HIV stand for? Is AIDS an infectious disease? List any four modes of spreading AIDS
10. (a) List any four reasons for adopting contraceptive methods.
(b) If a woman is using Copper-T, will it help in protecting her from sexually transmitted diseases?
Why?

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (5 Marks)

1. Name the parts labelled A, B, C, D and E.

(b) Where do the following functions occur?

(i) Production of an egg

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 (ii) Fertilisation
(iii) Implantation of zygote.
(c) What happens to the lining of uterus:
(i) before release of a fertilised egg?
(ii) if no fertilisation occurs? .
2. (a) Draw a diagram showing germination of pollen on stigma of a flower.
(b) Label pollen grain, male germ- cells, pollen tube and female germ-cell in the above diagram.
(c) How is zygote formed?
3 Draw a longitudinal section of a flower and label the following parts:
(i) Part that produces pollen grain.
(ii) Part that transfers male gametes to the female gametes.
(iii) Part that is sticky to trap the pollen grain.
(iv) Part that develops into a fruit.
4. (a) Explain the role of placenta in the development of human embryo.
(b) Give example of two bacterial and two viral sexually transmitted diseases. Name the most
effective contraceptive which prevents spread of such diseases.
5. (a) What is fragmentation in organism?
Name a multicell-ular organism which reproduces by this method.
(b) What is regeneration in organism? Describe regeneration in Planaria with the help of a suitable
diagram.
6. Mention the total number of chromosome along with sex chromosome. Explain how in a
sexually reproducing organism chromosome number of parents and their offsprings is the same
8.
Identify the following methods and giving one example of each:
a. Process in which reproduction takes place bybreaking up of parent into fragments.
b.Process of dividing of organisms into many cells simultaneously.
c. Process of reproduction by formation of bud on parent body.
d. Process of reproduction by formation of spores.
e.Process used by multicellular organisms to reproduce by cutting into many pieces each
piece forms a new individual.
9.
What happens when
a.Testosterone is released in the male reproductive system.
b. Pollen grain falls on the stigma of flower.
c. Egg fuses with the sperm cell.
d.A Planaria is cut into three different pieces.
e.Buds are formed on the notches of leaf of the Bryophyllum
10.
a)Give one example each of sexually transmitted diseases in each of following cases
(i) Bacterial infections (ii) Viral infections
b)How can spread of these diseases be prevented?

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