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Cc-Relations and Functions

A relation is a set of ordered pairs that can be represented graphically using a mapping diagram. The domain is the set of first elements and the codomain/range is the set of second elements. Relations can be one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, or many-to-many. A function is a relation where each domain element is paired with exactly one range element, as represented by a mapping diagram with no diverging arrows. The inverse of a function f(x) is denoted f^-1(x) and found by interchanging x and y and making y the subject. Composition of functions f(x) and g(x) is written as fg(x

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6 views

Cc-Relations and Functions

A relation is a set of ordered pairs that can be represented graphically using a mapping diagram. The domain is the set of first elements and the codomain/range is the set of second elements. Relations can be one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, or many-to-many. A function is a relation where each domain element is paired with exactly one range element, as represented by a mapping diagram with no diverging arrows. The inverse of a function f(x) is denoted f^-1(x) and found by interchanging x and y and making y the subject. Composition of functions f(x) and g(x) is written as fg(x

Uploaded by

Lleyton Maharaj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

A RELATION is a set of ordered pairs.


EXAMPLE: {(0,0), (4,2), (8,4), (10,5)}
The DOMAIN of the relation is the set of 1st elements of the ordered pairs.
EXAMPLE: {0, 4, 8, 10}
The CODOMAIN/ RANGE of the relation is the set of 2nd elements of the ordered pairs.
EXAMPLE: {0 ,2, 4, 5}
The relation may be shown in the form of a MAPPING/ ARROW DIAGRAM, where the values
of the domain and range are written in circles, connected by arrowed lines.
EXAMPLE:
0 0
4 2
8 4
10 5

TYPES OF RELATIONS
1) ONE TO ONE/ 1-1 2) ONE TO MANY/ 1-M

A 1 A 1

B B 2
0
3
C -1
B
D -2 D
C

Each element in the domain is connected Arrows are diverging


D
to ONLY ONE element in the codomain

3) MANY TO ONE/ M-1 4) MANY TO MANY/ M-M


1 Arrows are 1 1
2 A Converging 2 2
3 B 3 3
B B B
C C C
-3
D D D
FUNCTIONS
A function is a relation in which EACH element in the domain, is paired with only one element
in the range i.e: 1-1 or many-1.
NOTE: FOR MAPPING DIAGRAMS:
1) Only one arrow must reach each element in the range.
2) If the arrows are diverging, the mapping diagram does not represent that of a function.
EXAMPLE: Examine the 3 mapping diagrams shown below. Determine which one represents
that of a function. If the mapping diagram does not represent a function, give a reason why.
1) A 0
2) 3) 4) -3 A
A 0 A A
B M B B P B
M B
C 2 C C 5
2 C
D D D D D D
D D
NOTE: FOR GRAPHS:
The graph is that of a function, if a vertical line drawn cuts the graph at most once i.e: once or
not at all.
PAST PAPER QUESTIONS
1) 2)

3) 4)
5) 6)

8) 9)
FUNCTION NOTATION
Letters such as f, g,h, F, etc may be used to denote functions. i.e: 𝑓(𝑥) = or 𝑓: 𝑥 →
Both are read as 𝑓 of 𝑥.
THE INVERSE OF A FUNCTION
The inverse of a function 𝑓(𝑥) is denoted by 𝑓 −1 (𝑥). To find the inverse of a function:
1) Replace 𝑓(𝑥) with 𝑦.
2) Interchange 𝑥 and 𝑦.
3) Make 𝑦 the subject of the formula.
4) Replace 𝑦 with 𝑓 −1 (𝑥).
WORKED EXAMPLES: Find the inverse of each of the following functions:
1) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1
2) 𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥 + 1)²
3) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 1
4) 𝑓(𝑥) = √2𝑥 + 1
5) 𝑓(𝑥) = √2𝑥 + 1

FINDING THE INVERSE OF A FUNCTION IN WHICH 𝒙 APPEARS MORE THAN ONCE


1) Replace 𝑓(𝑥) with 𝑦. EXAMPLE: Find 𝑓 −1 (𝑥), if 𝑓(𝑥) =
2𝑥+3
𝑥
2) Interchange 𝑥 and 𝑦. 2𝑥+3
3) Make 𝑦 the subject of the formula, 1) 𝑦 = 𝑥

possibly by cross-multiplying to 2𝑦+3


2) 𝑥 =
remove any fractions. 𝑦

4) Group terms in 𝑦 to one side. 3) 𝑥𝑦 = 2𝑦 + 3


5) Factorize 𝑦.
6) Make 𝑦 the subject of the formula. 4) 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 = 3
7) Replace 𝑦 with 𝑓 −1 (𝑥).
5) 𝑦(𝑥 − 2) = 3

3
6) 𝑦 =
PRACTICE: Find the inverse of: 𝑥−2

𝑥−4 3
1) 𝑓(𝑥) = 7) 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑥−2
2𝑥

2𝑥+5
2) 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+6
COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS
Given two functions, e.g: 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥), to find 𝑓𝑔(𝑥), we substitute the inside function (the
one closest to 𝑥, into the outer function.
NOTE: 𝑓𝑔(𝑥) ≠ 𝑓(𝑥) x 𝑔(𝑥). Also, 𝑔𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝑔(𝑥) x 𝑓(𝑥).
WORKED EXAMPLES: Find the: a) 𝑓𝑔(𝑥)
b) 𝑔𝑓(𝑥)
c) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥) ,for each of the following:

1) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) = 5 − 𝑥
2) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 1 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥
3) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4 𝑔(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 3

4) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) = 5 − 𝑥
2𝑥+3
5) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2
2

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