University of Engineering & Technology

Peshawar, Pakistan

CE215: Structure Analysis I

Module : 10
Analysis of Indeterminate Frames using Method of
Slope Deflection

By:
Prof. Dr. Bashir Alam
Civil Engineering Department
UET , Peshawar
 Topics to be Covered
• Introduction Sway and Non Sway Frames
• Analysis of Non Sway Frames using slope deflection
method
• Examples
• General procedure of analysis for Sway Frames using
slope deflection method
• Example
• Appendix
• References
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures

 Types of Frames :
On the basis of lateral displacement frames are classified in to
following two types
• Frames with Sway
• Frames without Sway
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Sway:
In statically indeterminate structures the structures the frames
deflect laterally due the presence of lateral load or unsymmetrical
vertical loads or where the frames themselves are unsymmetrical.
• Causes of side sway:
 Unsymmetrical loading (eccentric loading)
 Different end conditions of the columns of the frame
 Non uniform sections of the members
 Horizontal loading on column of the frame
 Settlement of the supports of the frame
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
• Frames without side sway:
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
• Frames with side sway:
Analysis of Indeterminate Structures

Part I
Analysis of Frames without side sway
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Introduction:
• The slope-deflection method can also be used for the analysis of
frames.

• Axial deformations are neglected as they are very small.

• Consider the frame shown.

P
C D E

A B
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Introduction:
• Fixed joint A and B can neither rotate nor translate.
• Joint C can rotate but cannot translate.
• Joint D is free to rotate but its translation in any direction is
prevented by member AD and CD (inextensible member).
• Joint E is free to rotate but its translation is prevented by member
DE and BE.
θD P
C D E
θD θE

θD θE

A B
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Step by step Procedure For Analysis:
Following steps will be followed to analyze a frame with SDM.
1. Identify the degrees of freedom of structure.
2. Compute fixed-end moments.
3. In case of support settlements, determine the chord rotations Ψ.
4. Write slope deflection equations.
5. Write equilibrium equations for each joint.
6. Determine the unknown joint rotations.
7. Calculate member end moments by substituting the numerical values of joint rotations
determined in step 6 into the slope deflection equations.
8. Satisfy the equilibrium equations for joints in step 5.
9. Compute member end shears.
10. Determine the support reactions by considering the equilibrium of joints.
11. Satisfy the equilibrium equations for end shears and support reactions.
12. Draw Axial, shear force and bending moment diagrams using the beam sign convention.
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:01
Determine the member end moments and reactions for the frame shown
by the slope-deflection method. Take E = 29,000 ksi
2 k/ft

C E
I = 1,600 in4 D I = 1,600 in4

10 ft

I = 800 in4
I = 800 in4

40 k

10 ft
A B

30 ft 30 ft
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:01, Solution:
1. Degree of Freedom
• Joints C, D and E are free to rotate.
• We will eliminate the rotation of the simple support at end E by using the modified
slope-deflection equations for member DE.
• The analysis now involves two unknown joint rotations, θC and θD.

2 k/ft

C E
I = 1,600 in4 D I = 1,600 in4

I = 800 in4
I = 800 in4

40 k

A B
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:01, Solution:
2. Fixed End Moments
By using the fixed-end moment expressions given inside the back cover of the book,
and from appendix of this module we evaluate the fixed-end moments due to the
external loads for each member.
4020 
FEM AC   100 k  ft or  100 k-ft
8
FEM CA  100 k  ft or  100 k-ft
FEM BD  FEM DB  0
230 
2
FEM CD  FEM DE   150 k  ft or  150 k-ft
12
FEM DC  FEM ED  150 k  ft or  150 k-ft

Counterclockwise FEM are positive, whereas clockwise FEM are negative.

 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:01, Solution:
3. Chord Rotations
Since no support settlements occur, the chord rotations of both members are zero; that
is, Ψ = 0.

4. Slope-Deflection Equations
We write slope-deflection equations by applying Eq. 9 to members AC, BD, and CD
and Eq. 15 to member DE there is hinge at E so use modified SDE.
I girder  1,600  2800   2I

M nf 
2EI
2n   f  3  FEMnf 9
L
 FEM hr 
M rh 
3EI
 r     FEM rh   15a 
L  2 
M hr  0 15b
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:01, Solution:
4. Slope-Deflection Equations

M AC 
2EI
C   100  0.1EIC  100 1
20
M CA 
2EI
2C   100  0.2EIC 100 2
20
M BD 
2EI
 D   0.1EI D 3
20
M DB 
2EI
2 D   0.2EI D 4
20
2E 2I 
M CD  2C   D   150  0.267 EIC  0.133EI D  150 5
30
2E 2I 
M DC  2 D  C   150  0.133EIC  0.267 EI D  150 6
30
3E 2 I 
M DE   D   150  150   0.2 EI D  225 7 
30  2 
M ED 0 ANS
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:01, Solution:
5. Equilibrium Equations
Apply the moment equilibrium equation, ∑M = 0, to the free bodies of the joints C
and D.
2 k/ft

C E
I = 1,600 in4 D I = 1,600 in4

I = 800 in4
I = 800 in4

40 k

A B
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:01, Solution:
5. Equilibrium Equations
Apply the moment equilibrium equation, ∑M = 0, to the free bodies of the joints C
and D.
C D
MCD MDC MDE

MCA
MDB

M CA  M CD  0 (8)
M DB  M DC  M DE  0 (9)
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:01, Solution:
6. Joint rotations
Substitution of the SDE into the equilibrium equations yields

0.467 EI C  0.133 EI D  50 (10)

0.133 EI C  0.667 EI D  75 (11)

Solve simultaneously,

EI C  79.545 k - ft 2
EI D  96.591 k - ft 2
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:01, Solution:
7. Member End Moments
The member end moments can now be computed by substituting the values of EIθC
and EIθD into the SDE (1 – 7)

M AC  92 k  ft ANS
M CA  115 .9 k  ft or 115.9 k - ft ANS
M BD  9.7 k  ft or 9.7 k - ft ANS
M DB  19.3 k  ft or 19.3 k - ft ANS
M CD  115 .9 k  ft ANS
M DC  186 .4 k  ft or 186.4 k - ft ANS
M DE  205 .7 k  ft ANS
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:01, Solution:
8. Member End Shears and Axial Force
The member end shears, obtained by considering the equilibrium of each member, are
shown in figure below
32.35 36.86
27.65 2 k/ft 2 k/ft
C 21.2 21.2 D 22.65 22.65
C D D E
21.2 186.4 205.7
115.9
1.45
115.9 27.65 32.35 19.3 36.86 23.14

27.65 69.21

115.9 19.3
21.2 1.45
C D

Note:
40 k Units are
1. k-ft for moments
2. kip for forces
A 18.8 1.45 B

92 9.7
27.65 69.21
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:01, Solution:
9. Support Reactions

2 k/ft
22.65 k
C E
I = 1,600 in4 D I = 1,600 in4

I = 800 in4
I = 800 in4

40 k 23.14 k

A B
18.8 k 1.45 k
92 k-ft 9.7 k-ft

27.65 k 69.21 k
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:01, Solution:
10. Equilibrium Check
To check our calculations we apply the equations of equilibrium to the free body of
the entire structure.

M CA  M CD  115 .9  115 .9  0 Checks

M DB  M DC  M DE  19.3  186 .4  205 .7  0 Checks
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:01, Solution:
11. Axial Force Diagram

22.65k
21.2k

27.65k 69.21k
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:01, Solution:
12. Shear Force Diagram
36.86
27.65

-32.35 -23.14

-21.2

Note:
Units are
18.8 -1.45 1. k-ft for moments
2. kip for forces
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:01, Solution:
13. Bending Moment Diagram

133.96
75.23
-19.3

-115.9
-186.4 -205.7

96

9.7 Note:
-92 Units are
1. k-ft for moments
2. kip for forces
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:02
Determine the member end moments and reactions for the frame due to
settlement of ¾ in. at support B, shown, by the slope-deflection method.
Take E = 29,000 ksi

C E
I = 1,600 in4 D I = 1,600 in4

I = 800 in4
I = 800 in4

20 ft

A B

30 ft 30 ft
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:02, Solution:
1. Degree of Freedom
The analysis involves two unknown joint rotations, θC and θD.

C E
I = 1,600 in4 D I = 1,600 in4

I = 800 in4
I = 800 in4

20 ft

A B

30 ft 30 ft
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:02, Solution:
2. Chord Rotations
Since the axial deformation of the member BD is neglected, the ¾ in. settlement of
support B causes the joint D to displace downward by the same amount. The inclined
dashed lines in this figure represents the chords (not the elastic curve) of members CD
and DE in the deformed position.
D
C E
¾ in ΨDE
ΨCD
Dʹ
20 ft

A B
¾ in
Bʹ
30 ft 30 ft
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:02, Solution:
2. Chord Rotations
3
ψCD   4  0.00208
12 30 
3
 DE  4  0.00208
12 30 
C E
¾ in D ΨDE
ΨCD
Dʹ
20 ft

A B
¾ in
Bʹ
30 ft 30 ft
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:02, Solution:
3. Fixed End Moments
As there is no external load applied on the structure as shown in the figure below so
F.E.M will be zero.

C E
I = 1,600 in4 D I = 1,600 in4

I = 800 in4
I = 800 in4

20 ft

A B

30 ft 30 ft
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:02, Solution:
4. Slope-Deflection Equations
We write slope-deflection equations by applying Eq. 9 to members AC, BD, and CD
and Eq. 15 to member DE there is hinge at E so use modified SDE.

M nf 
2EI
2n   f  3  FEMnf 9
L

 FEM hr 
M rh 
3EI
 r     FEM rh   15a 
L  2 
M hr  0 15b
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:02, Solution:
4. Slope-Deflection Equations
We write slope-deflection equations by applying Eq. 9 to members AC, BD, and CD
and Eq. 15 to member DE there is hinge at E so use modified SDE.

M AC  0.1EIC 1
M CA  0.2 EI C 2
M BD  0.1EI D 3
M DB  0.2EI D 4
2 E 2 I 
M CD  2C   D  3 0.00208 
30
 0.267 EI C  0.133 EI D  0.000832 EI 5
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:02, Solution:
4. Slope-Deflection Equations
We write slope-deflection equations by applying Eq. 9 to members AC, BD, and CD
and Eq. 15 to member DE there is hinge at E so use modified SDE.

2 E 2 I 
M DC  2 D  C  3 0.00208 
30
 0.133 EI C  0.267 EI D  0.000832 EI 6
3E 2I 
M DE   D  0.00208   0.2EI D  0.000416 EI 7
30
M ED  0 ANS
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:02, Solution:
5. Equilibrium Equations
Apply the moment equilibrium equation, ∑M = 0, to the free bodies of the joints C
and D.
C D
MCD MDC MDE

MCA
MDB

M CA  M CD  0 (8)
M DB  M DC  M DE  0 (9)
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:02, Solution:
6. Joint rotations
Substitution of the SDE into the equilibrium equations yields

0.467 EI C  0.133 EI D  0.000832 EI

0.133 EI C  0.667 EI D  0.000416 EI
0.467 EI C  0.133 EI D  134 10 
0.133 EI C  0.667 EI D  67 11
Solve simultaneously,
EIC  273.883 k - ft 2
EI D  45.838 k - ft 2
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:02, Solution:
7. Member End Moments
The member end moments can now be computed by substituting the values of EIθC
and EIθD into the SDE.

M AC  27.4 k  ft or 27.4 k - ft ANS

M CA  54.8 k  ft or 54.8 k - ft ANS
M BD  4.6 k  ft or 4.6 k - ft ANS
M DB  9.2 k  ft or 9.2 k - ft ANS
M CD  54.8 k  ft ANS
M DC  85.4 k  ft ANS
M DE  76.2 k  ft or 76.2 k - ft ANS
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:02, Solution:
8. Member End Shears and Axial Force
The member end shears, obtained by considering the equilibrium of each member, are
shown in figure below
4.67 2.54
4.67
C 4.11 4.11 D 4.8 4.8
C D D E
4.11 54.8 85.4 76.2
0.69
4.67 4.67 2.54 2.54
54.8 9.2
4.67 7.21

54.8 9.2
4.11 0.69
C D

Note:
Units are
1. k-ft for moments
A B 2. kip for forces
4.11 0.69
27.4 4.6
4.67 7.21
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:02, Solution:
9. Support Reactions

E 4.8
C
I = 1,600 in4 D I = 1,600 in4

I = 800 in4
I = 800 in4

2.54
20 ft

4.11 A B
0.69
27.4 4.6
4.67 7.21

30 ft 30 ft
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:02, Solution:
10. Equilibrium Check
To check our calculations we apply the equations of equilibrium to the free body of
the entire structure.

M CA  M CD  54.8  54.8  0 Checks

M DB  M DC  M DE  9.2  85.4  76.2  0 Checks
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:02, Solution:
11. Axial Force Diagram

4.8k
4.14k

4.61k 7.21k
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:02, Solution:
12. Shear Force & Bending Moment Diagrams

Class activity: Draw SF and BMD from member end actions shown on slide 37.
Analysis of Indeterminate Structures

Part II
Analysis of Frames with side sway
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Introduction:
• The lateral displacements of building frames are known as frames with Side
sway.
• Consider the frame shown in fig below if we remove the member CD the
structure then the joints D & E can translate in horizontal direction by an amount
Δ.

θD P
Δ P Δ
C D E
θD θE D E
θD
θE
θD θE

A B A B
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Introduction:
• For applying SDE, distinguish should be made between two types.
• The DOF in case of side sway will be increased by an amount given by the
formula below

ss  2 j  2 f  h  r  m

where
ss = side sway degree of freedom
j = number of joints
f = number of fixed supports
h = number of hinged supports
r = number of roller supports
m = number of inextensible members
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Introduction:
• Consider the frame shown

θD P
C D E

ss  2 j  2 f  h  r  m
θD θE

θD θE
j = 5, f = 2, h = 1, r = 0, m = 4

A B ss  25  22  1  4  0
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Introduction:
• Consider the frame shown

Δ P Δ
D E
θD
θE
ss  2 j  2 f  h  r  m

j = 4, f = 2, h = 0 , r = 0, m = 3

ss  24  22  3  1
A B
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Introduction:
• To develop the analysis concept of frames with sidesway, consider the
rectangular frame shown.

w
C D

0.5h
P

0.5h
A EI = constant B
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Introduction:
• A qualitative deflected shape of the frame for an arbitrary loading is shown
below.
• Fixed joints A and B are completely restrained against rotation and translation.
• The joints C and D are free to rotate and translate.
• Joints C and D can translate only in the horizontal direction as the columns AC
and BD are assumed to be inextensible.
Δ Δ
w
C D
D’
C’
0.5h
P

0.5h
A EI = constant B
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Introduction:
• The girder CD is also assumed to be inextensible, the horizontal displacement of
joints C and D must be the same.
• Thus, the frame has three unknown joint displacements or degrees of freedom,
the rotation θC and θD of joints C and D, respectively, and horizontal
displacement Δ of both joints C and D.

Δ Δ
w
C D
D’
θC θD
C’
0.5h
P

0.5h
A EI = constant B
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Introduction:
• The displacement Δ of joints C and D causes the chords of the columns AC and
BD to rotate, and these chord rotations can be expressed in terms of the unknown
displacements Δ as


 AC   BD 
h
(21) ψCD  0
Δ Δ
w
C D
D’
θC θD
C’
0.5h
P ΨAC ΨBD

0.5h
A EI = constant B
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Introduction:
• To relate the member end moments to the unknown joint displacements, θC, θD
and Δ we write the slope-deflection equations for the three members of the frame.
Applying Eq. 9

M nf 
2EI
2n   f  3  FEMnf 9
L
2 EI  
M AC  
 C  3   FEM AC (22a)
h  h
2 EI  
M CA   2 C  3   FEMCA (22b)
h  h
2 EI  
M BD  
 D  3  (22c)
h  h
2 EI  
M DB   2 D  3  (22d)
h  h
Note: In Eq 22(c&d) the FEM term is zero because there is no erxtenally applied load on member BD
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Introduction:
• To relate the member end moments to the unknown joint displacements, θC, θD
and Δ we write the slope-deflection equations for the three members of the frame.
Applying Eq. 9

M nf 
2EI
2n   f  3  FEMnf 9
L

M CD 
2EI
2θC  θD   FEMCD (22e)
L

M DC 
2EI
2θD  θC   FEMDC (22f)
L
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Introduction:
• The three unknowns, θC, θD and Δ, which must be determined by solving three
independent equations of equilibrium before the values of the member end
moments can be computed.
• Two of the three equilibrium equations are obtained by considering the moment
equilibrium of joints C and D
M CA  M CD  0 (23a)
M DB  M DC  0 (23b)
Δ w Δ
MDC D
C C D
MCD D’
θC θD
C’
MCA MDB
P ΨAC ΨBD

A EI = constant B
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Introduction:
• The third equilibrium equation, commonly termed the SHEAR EQUATION is
based on the condition that the sum of all the horizontal forces acting on the free
body of the entire frame must be zero.
• The free body diagram of the frame, obtained by passing an imaginary section
just above the support level is shown in figure below.
w
C D

A B
SAC SBD
MAC MBD
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Introduction:
• By applying the equilibrium equation ∑𝐹𝑥 = 0, we write

P  S AC  S BD  0 (23c)

• in which SAC and SBD are the shears at lower ends of the columns AC and BD,
respectively. w
C D

A B
SAC SBD
MAC MBD
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Introduction:
• To express the third equilibrium equation in terms of column end moments, we
consider the equilibrium of the free bodies of the columns AC and BD as shown.
• By summing moments about the top
of each column, we obtain the following MCA MDB
SCA D SDB
C
 M AC
C 0
0.5h
h
M AC  S AC h   P   M CA  0 P
2
M AC  M CA P
S AC   (24a) 0.5h
h 2
A SAC B SBD
 M BD
D 0
M BD  M DB  S BD h   0
MAC MBD

M BD  M DB
S BD  (24b)
h
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Introduction:
• By substituting Eqs. 24a and 24b into Eq. 23c, we obtain the third equilibrium
equation in terms of member end moments

P  S AC  S BD  0 (23c)

 M AC  M CA P   M BD  M DB 
P    0
 h 2  h 
• which reduces to
Ph
M AC  M CA  M BD  M DB  0 (25)
2

• With the three equilibrium equations (Eqs. 23a & 23b and 25) now established,
we can proceed with the rest of analysis in the usual manner.
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
• Introduction:
• By substituting the slope-deflection equations (Eqs. 22) into the
equilibrium equations, we obtain the systems of equations that can
be solved for the unknown joint displacements θC, θD and Δ.

• The joint displacements thus obtained then can be back submitted

into the slope-deflection equations to determine the member end
moments, from which end shears and axial forces of members and
the supports reactions can be computed, as discuss previously.
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:03
Determine the member end moments and reactions for the frame shown
by the slope-deflection method. Take EI = Constant
40 kN
C D

5m
7m

B
A

3m 4m
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:03, Solution:
1. Degree of Freedom
• The degrees of freedom are θC, θD. and Δ.

Δ Δ
40 kN
C C’ D D’
θC θD

5m
7m

B
A

3m 4m
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:03, Solution:
2. Chord Rotations
• From the fig shown below

Δ Δ
40 kN
C C’ D D’ 
θC θD  AC  
7

7m ΨAC
ΨBD 5m  BD 
5
B  CD  0
A

3m 4m
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:03, Solution:
3. Fixed End Moments
• By using the fixed end moments expressions given inside the back cover of the
book or from appendix of this module, we obtain

40(3)(4)2
FEM CD = = 39.2 kN.m or + 39.2 kN.m
(7)2
40(3)2 (4)
FEM DC = = 29.4 kN.m or 29.4 kN.m
(7)2
FEM AC = FEM CA = FEM BD = FEM DB = 0
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:03, Solution:
4. Slope-Deflection Equations
We write slope-deflection equations by applying Eq. 22

2 EI    
M AC   C  3     0.286 EI C  0.122 EI 1
7   7 
2 EI    
M CA   2 C  3     0.571EI C  0.122 EI 2
7   7 
2 EI    
M BD   D  3     0.4 EI D  0.24 EI 3
5   5 
2 EI    
M DB   2 D  3     0.8 EI D  0.24 EI 4
5   5 
M CD 
2EI
2C   D   39.2  0.571EIC  0.286 EI D  39.2 5
7
M DC 
2EI
C  2 D   29.4  0.286 EIC  0.571EI D  29.4 6
7
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:03, Solution:
5. Equilibrium Equations
Apply the moment equilibrium equation, ∑M = 0, to the free bodies of the joints C
and D.
C D
MCD MDC

MCA
MDB

M CA  M CD  0 (7)
M DB  M DC  0 (8)
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:03, Solution:
5. Equilibrium Equations
• To establish the third equilibrium equation, we apply the force equilibrium
equation ∑Fx = 0 to the free body of the entire frame, to obtain

40 kN
C D
S AC  S BD  0

Y
B
SBD
A
X SAC MBD

MAC
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:03, Solution:
5. Equilibrium Equations
• To express the column end shears in terms of column end moments, we draw the
free body diagram of the two columns and sum the moments about the top of each
column:
MCA MDB
S AC  S BD  0 SCA D SDB
C
M AC  M CA
S AC 
7 5m
M BD  M DB 7m
S BD 
5 B SBD

M AC  M CA M BD  M DB A SAC MBD
 0
7 5 MAC

5M AC  M CA   7M BD  M DB   0 9

 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:03, Solution:
6. Joint rotations
To determine the unknown joint displacements θC, θD and Δ, we substitute the SDE (1
to 6) into the equilibrium equations (7 to 9) to obtain

1.142 EI C  0.286 EI D  0.122 EI  39.2 10 

0.286 EI C  1.371EI D  0.24 EI  29.4 11
4.285 EI C  8.4 EI D  4.58 EI  0 12 
Solving Eqs. 10 to 12 simultaneously yields

EI C  40.211 kN.m 2

EI D  34.24 kN.m 2
EI  25.177 kN.m 3
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:03, Solution:
7. Member End Moments
• By substituting the numerical values of EIθC, EIθD, and EIΔ into the slope-
deflection equations (Eqs. 1 through 6), we obtain

M AC  14.6 kN.m or 14.6 kN.m ANS

M CA  26 kN.m or 26 kN.m ANS
M BD  7.7 kN.m ANS
M DB  21.3 kN.m ANS
M CD  26 kN.m ANS
M DC  21.3 kN.m or 21.3 kN.m ANS
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:03, Solution:
8. Member End Shears and Axial Force
The member end shears, obtained by considering the equilibrium of each member, are
shown in figure below
23.53 40 kN 16.47

C 5.8 5.8 D
26 C D
5.8 21.3
5.8
26 23.53 16.47 21.3
23.53 16.47
26 21.3
5.8 5.8 D
C
Note:
Units are
1. k-ft for moments
5.8 B 2. kip for forces
A 5.8 7.7
14.6 16.47
23.53
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:03, Solution:
9. Support Reactions

40 kN
C D

B
5.8
A
5.8 7.7
14.6 16.47

23.53
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Slope-Deflection Method
Example:03, Solution:
10. Equilibrium Check
To check our calculations we apply the equations of equilibrium to the free body of
the entire structure.

M CA  M CD  26  26  0 Checks
M DB  M DC  21.3  21.3  0 Checks

5M AC  M CA   7M BD  M DB   5 14.6  26   77.7  21.3  0 Checks

 Appendix
 Fixed End Actions
 Appendix
 Fixed End Actions
 Appendix
 Fixed End Actions
 Appendix
 Fixed End Actions
 Appendix
 Fixed End Actions
 Appendix
 Fixed End Actions
 References

• Structural Analysis by R. C. Hibbeler

• Structure Analysis by Alexander chajes

• Online Civil Engineering blogs