Mathematics/Applied Mathematics

MATHEMATICS/
APPLIED
MATHEMATICS

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 Mathematics/Applied Mathematics

SECTION A

1. Algebra (iv). Application of Integration as area under the

(i) Matrices and types of Matrices curve
(ii) Equality of Matrices, transpose of a Matrix, 4. Differential Equations
Symmetric and Skew Symmetric Matrix (i) Order and degree of differential equations
(iii) Algebra of Matrices (ii) Formulating and solving of differential equations
(iv) Determinants with variable separable
(v) Inverse of a Matrix 5. Probability Distributions

(vi) Solving of simultaneous equations using Matrix (i) Random variables and its probability distribution
Method (ii) Expected value of a random variable
2. Calculus (iii) Variance and Standard Deviation of a random
(i) Higher order derivatives variable
(ii) Tangents and Normals (iv). Binomial Distribution

(iii) Increasing and Decreasing Functions 6. Linear Programming

(iv). Maxima and Minima (i) Mathematical formulation of Linear

3. Integration and its Applications Programming Problem

(i) Indefinite integrals of simple functions (ii) Graphical method of solution for problems in two
variables
(ii) Evaluation of indefinite integrals
(iii) Feasible and infeasible regions
(iii) Definite Integrals
(iv). Optimal feasible solution

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Section B1: Mathematics

UNIT I: RELATIONSAND FUNCTIONS
1. Relations and Functions
Types of relations: Reflexive, symmetric, transitive andequivalence relations. One to one and onto
functions, compositefunctions, inverseofafunction. Binaryoperations.

2. Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Definition, range, domain, principal value branches. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions.
Elementaryproperties ofinversetrigonometricfunctions.

UNIT II: ALGEBRA

1. Matrices
Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero matrix, transpose of amatrix, symmetric
andskewsymmetricmatrices.Addition, multiplication andscalarmultiplication of matrices, simple
properties of addition, multiplication andscalarmultiplication. Non-commutativity of multiplication
of matrices and existence of non-zeromatrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square
matrices of order 2). Concept of elementary row and column operations. Invertible matrices and
proof of theuniqueness of inverse, if it exists; (Hereallmatriceswillhavereal entries).

2. Determinants
Determinant of asquarematrix (up to 3 × 3 matrices), properties of determinants, minors, cofactors
and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square
matrix. Consistency,inconsistencyandnumber of solutionsofsystem of linearequationsbyexamples,
solvingsystem of linear equations in two or threevariables (havingunique solution) usinginverse of
amatrix.

UNIT III: CALCULUS

1. Continuityand Differentiability
Continuityand differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chainrule, derivatives of inverse
trigonometricfunctions, derivative of implicitfunction. Concepts of exponential, logarithmicfunctions.
Derivativesoflog x andex. Logarithmicdifferentiation.Derivativeoffunctions expressedinparametric
forms. Second-order derivatives. Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorems (without proof)
andtheir geometric interpretations.

2. Applications of Derivatives
Applications of derivatives: Rate of change, increasing/decreasing functions, tangentsandnormals,
approximation,maximaandminima(firstderivativetestmotivatedgeometricallyandsecondderivative
test given as aprovabletool). Simpleproblems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of
the subject as well as real-life situations). Tangent and Normal.

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3. Integrals
Integration as inverseprocess of differentiation. Integration of avarietyof functions bysubstitution,
bypartial fractions andbyparts, onlysimpleintegrals ofthetype –

to be evaluated.

Definite integrals as a limit of a sum. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basic
propertiesofdefiniteintegrals andevaluationofdefiniteintegrals.

4. Applications of the Integrals

Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especiallylines, arcs of circles/parabolas/el-
lipses (in standard form only), area between the two above said curves (the region should be cleraly
identifiable).

5. Differential Equations
Definition, orderand degree, general andparticular solutions of adifferential equation. Formation of
differential equation whose general solution is given. Solution of differential equations bymethod of
separation of variables, homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions
of linear differential equation ofthetype –
dy
 Py  Q , where P and Q are functions of x or constant
dx

dx
 Px  Q , where P and Q are functions of y or constant
dy

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UNIT IV: VECTORSAND THREE-DIMENSIONALGEOMETRY

1. Vectors
Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines/ratios of vectors. Types
of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a
vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position
vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Scalar (dot) product of vectors, projection
of a vector on a line. Vector (cross) product of vectors, scalar triple product.

2. Three-dimensional Geometry
Direction cosines/ratios of alinejoiningtwo points. Cartesian andvector equation of a line, coplanar
and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane.Angle
between(i) twolines, (ii) two planes, (iii) a lineand a plane. Distance of apoint from a plane.

UnitV: Linear Programming

Introduction, related terminologysuch as constraints, objectivefunction, optimization, different types
of linearprogramming(L.P.) problems, mathematicalformulation of L.P. problems, graphicalmethod
of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions, feasible and infeasible
solutions, optimalfeasiblesolutions(uptothreenon-trivialconstrains).

Unit VI: Probability

Multiplicationstheorem on probability. Conditionalprobability, independentevents, total probability,
Baye’s theorem. Random variable and its probability distribution, mean and variance of haphazard
variable.Repeatedindependent(Bernoulli)trialsand Binomialdistribution.

Section B2: Applied Mathematics

Unit I: Numbers, Quantification and Numerical Applications
A. Modulo Arithmetic
 Define modulus of an integer
 Apply arithmetic operations using modular arithmetic rules
B. Congruence Modulo
 Define congruence modulo
 Apply the definition in variousproblems

C. Allegation andMixture
 Understand the rule of allegation to produce a mixture at a givenprice
 Determine the mean price of amixture
 Apply rule of allegation

D. Numerical Problems
 Solve real life problems mathematically

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E. Boats and Streams
 Distinguish between upstreamand downstream
 Express the problem in the formof an equation
F. Pipes andCisterns
 Determine the time taken bytwo or more pipes to fill or
G. Races andGames
 Compare the performance oftwo players w.r.t. time,
 distance taken/distance covered/ Work done from the givendata
H. Partnership
 Differentiate between activepartner and sleeping partner
 Determine the gain or loss tobe divided among the partners in the ratio of their investment
with due
 consideration of the time volume/surface area for solid formed using two ormore shapes
I. Numerical Inequalities
 Describe the basic concepts ofnumerical inequalities
 Understand and write numericalinequalities

UNIT II: ALGEBRA

A. Matrices andtypes of matrices
 Define matrix
 Identify different kinds ofmatrices

B. Equality of matrices, Transpose of amatrix, Symmetric andSkew symmetric matrix

 Determine equality of twomatrices
 Write transpose of given matrix
 Define symmetric and skewsymmetric matrix

UNIT III: CALCULUS

A. Higher OrderDerivatives
 Determine second and higherorder derivatives
 Understand differentiation ofparametric functions and implicit functions Identify dependent
andindependent variables

B. Marginal Cost and Marginal Revenue usingderivatives

 Define marginal cost andmarginal revenue
 Find marginal cost and marginalrevenue

C. Maxima andMinima
 Determine critical points of thefunction
 Find the point(s) of local maxima and local minima and corresponding local maximumand
local minimum values
 Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum value of afunction

UNIT IV: PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

A. Probability Distribution
 Understand the concept ofRandom Variables and its Probability Distributions
 Find probability distribution ofdiscrete random variable
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B. Mathematical Expectation
 Apply arithmetic mean of frequency distribution to find the expected value of a random
variable

C. Variance
 Calculate the Variance and S.D.of a random variable

UNIT V: INDEX NUMBERS AND TIME BASED DATA

A. Index Numbers
 Define Index numbers as aspecial type of average

B. Construction ofIndex numbers

 Construct different type of indexnumbers

C. Test of Adequacy of Index Numbers

 Apply time reversal test

D. Time Series
 Identify time series aschronological data

E. Components ofTime Series

 Distinguish between differentcomponents of time series

F. Time Series analysis for univariate data

Solve practical problems basedon statistical data and Interpret

UNIT VI : INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

A. Population andSample
 Define Population and Sample
 Differentiate between population and sample
 Define a representative samplefrom a population

B. Parameter andStatistics and Statistical Interferences

 Define Parameter with reference to Population
 Define Statistics with referenceto Sample
 Explain the relation betweenParameter and Statistic
 Explain the limitation of Statisticto generalize the estimation for population
 Interpret the concept of Statistical Significance andStatistical Inferences
 State Central Limit Theorem
 Explain the relation betweenPopulation-Sampling Distribution-Sample

UNIT VII: FINANCIAL MATHEMATICS

A. Perpetuity, Sinking Funds

 Explain the concept of perpetuity and sinking fund
 Calculate perpetuity
 Differentiate between sinkingfund and saving account

B. Valuation ofBonds
 Define the concept of valuationof bond and related terms

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 Calculate value of bond usingpresent value approach

C. Calculation ofEMI
 Explain the concept of EMI
 Calculate EMI using variousmethods

D. Linear method of Depreciation

 Define the concept of linearmethod of Depreciation
 Interpret cost, residual value and useful life of an asset fromthe given information
 Calculate depreciation

UNIT VIII: LINEAR PROGRAMMING

A. Introductionand relatedterminology
 Familiarize with terms related toLinear Programming Problem

B. Mathematicalformulation ofLinear ProgrammingProblem

 Formulate Linear ProgrammingProblem

C. Different types of Linear Programming Problems

 Identify and formulate differenttypes of LPP

D. Graphical Method of Solution for problems in two Variables

 Draw the Graph for a system oflinear inequalities involving twovariables and to find its
solutiongraphically

E. Feasible and InfeasibleRegions

 Identify feasible, infeasible andbounded regions

F. Feasible andinfeasible solutions, optimal feasible solution

 Understand feasible andinfeasible solutions
 Find optimal feasible solution