MGT 101

Principles of Management

Assignment title
Is business management a profession? Why or why not?
Do some research in answering this question.

Submitted to
Dr. Ghassan Abuyaghi

Submitted by
RUSSOL AHED ALZGHOUL
20231402075
LOGISTICS SCIENCES
 Fall 2023 - 2024

What is business? And what is business management? And what is a profession? We can define
business as an organization or enterprising entity that work in commercial ,industrial or
professional activities .
There are many different types of businesses depending on variety of factors. some of them are
for profit and the other one for non-profit.
Therefore, the business management “is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and
controlling the activities of a business or organization to achieve its goals and objectives. it
involves overseeing all aspects of a business, from finance and operations to marketing and
human resources”. (2023 University of Cincinnati Online)
As well as the profession means “any type of work that needs special training or a particular
skill, often one that is respected because it involves a high level of education” (© Cambridge
University Press & Assessment 202)

The study of management has a long history and has changed over time. Diverse management
theories exist, and optimal management practices frequently undergo modifications.
“In the early 1900s, Frederick Taylor and Henry Fayol were two of the first theorists to use
scientific and systematic techniques to organize factories, boosting productivity. Management
theories continued to evolve over the decades, with Max Weber introducing principles such as
bureaucracy, then Elton Mayo teaching the human relations approach, Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs, and other modern ideas”, (Stephanie Encabo, 2023).
Management in today’s organizations seems very different from its origins but still conduct
many of these concepts from centuries ago. Management theories are essential to understanding
how organizations are structured and how to manage any situation effectively.

There are many management functions, as each function has a task that it performs and pays
attention to everything to the utmost. The functions are represented in the following:
 Planning
This function is concerned with the state of the institution in the future, and its outputs are
represented in an organized work plan that has been scheduled in timely and practical manner, in
which the means and objectives that must be followed are clearly and explicitly defined.
In order to make sure that the person will reach the goal in an efficient and effective way, we
must consider the importance of continuously evaluating the plan so that it remains flexible and
can be adjusted and changed.

 Organizing function
This job concerned with human resources from more than one direction , represented by
classification , arrangement , and division in a way that is quick and easy to use in order to suit
the company objectives , in addition to implementing plans that were previously developed
without wasting or losing these resources through optimal exploitation and operation in an
efficient and effective manner until they are achieved

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  Routing function
This function oversees the organization's operations and steers it toward accomplishing its
objectives. It does this by implementing certain administrative methods and strategies, such
adhering to the incentive system.
 Oversight function
This function classifies positive and negative reinforcement, finds and identifies deviations,
establishes the causes, compares the results to the pre-established goals, and, depending on the
outcomes, decides on the next plan's size and form.
 Guiding function
This function directs workers and encourages or punishes them when they make a mistake that
harms the production process. It also divides roles among employees in order to achieve the
goals that have been set.

The management includes three levels such as:

1. Top Level Management
Top level management is the highest level of management in the organization, they are also
considered the brain of the organization, they are responsible for setting an overall goal, vision,
and direction for the organization.
Its function includes a lot, such as Establishing the goals of the organization, planning and
creating policies, control and coordination of the performance,and analysis of the business
environment.
2. Middle Level Management
Middle level management is a position of management that falls between top management and
lower management, middle level managers are responsible for setting departmental plans,
strategies, and goals with the general objectives set by top management. In addition to being
accountable for supervising dependent managers, middle managers must report to the top
management.
Its function includes, interpretation of the Top-Level Management's policies, choosing the right
operational and managerial staff, and inspiring workers to achieve desired goals.
3. Lower Level Management
Referred to as the operating level, is essential to carrying out the plans and strategies created by
managers at the top and middle levels.
The working employees and higher-level management are connected by lower-level managers.
they help senior managers deal with any problems or difficulties that staff members are having,
which facilitates efficient problem-solving and decision-making.
Its function includes, giving orders and instructions, developing an activity plan, helping the
middle level management.

Business management job opportunities:

a. The head of marketing:

This field is concerned with submitting requests for the products and services that the
organization and competitors provide, as well as identifying the markets and places that will be
targeted to publish the products in them, as well as supervising the production process and
following up with the team specialized in developing strategies to increase profit to the highest
possible level to be achieved.

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 b. Head of Sales:
In addition to creating strategies and relying on sales targets, they also have to solve customer
issues and issues that emerge during budget preparation and follow up on the products that
customers prefer until various sales statistics are produced.
A large percentage of sales managers direct the distribution of goods and services by establishing
specific areas for sales, providing training to staff members in the sales department, selecting
new hires, and overseeing performance reviews.
c. Business analyst:
The analyst collects all data related to problems and procedures within the business organization
and analyzes it to find some solutions that he can suggest. It also creates new procedures based
on interviews conducted with every employee present and with the people charged with
monitoring work sites, and carefully studies the papers and documents that pertain to the
organization.
Roles of the Business Management Methods:

o Decisional Roles: The decisional roles, which are performed by the company's directors,
are necessary for making decisions.
o Interpersonal: These positions are required to successfully manage and communicate with
the staff.
o Administration: These roles are implemented to handle, analyse and share information
that is important to the business.
o Conceptual: These abilities are necessary to assess complicated situations in an efficient
manner.

Qualifications of an effective business manager:

For a business owner to become a successful business manager, he must have certain
qualifications, and these qualifications are:
 They should be ready to perform clear and more effective analysis
 They should be able to forecast the needs of the company and work to provide them.
 They should be able to work effectively and appropriately with workers and employees.
 They should be able to communicate with people whose beliefs are in conflict with or
different from his own.
 They should be able to guide, encourage, and support.
 They should seek to improve their team's competencies.
 They should be able to make appropriate decisions at critical times.
 They should be able to creates a strategic and managerial vision for his team.

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We conclude from all this that business management is a profession because it involves the
planning and carrying out intricate, dynamic, and strategic business processes.
The true professions have standards of conduct, along with their definitions and consequences,
are taught as part of the formal education of their members.
“We believe that professionalizing management would greatly curb misconduct, because moral
behavior is an integral part of professionals’ identity—a self-image most want strongly to
preserve”. (Nohria.N, Khurana.R, October 2008).

There are also those who are against this idea such as Richard Barker who said an article was
titled “The Big Idea: No, Management Is Not a Profession” (Barker.R, July–August 2010).
His opinion through this idea was thinking about management as a profession and business
schools as professional schools makes sense, since managers have a status in society akin to that
of doctors and lawyers. However, erroneous interpretations and improper analysis may result
from this, according to Barker, a professor at Cambridge University's Judge Business School.

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References:

1. https://online.uc.edu/blog/what-is-business-management/
2. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/profession/
3. Nohria, N & Khurana, R,( October 2008). It’s Time to Make Management a True
Profession. https://hbr.org/2008/10/its-time-to-make-management-a-true-profession/
4. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/levels-of-management/

5. Sujan. (June 4, 2023). What is Top Level Management? Definition, Examples, Skills,
and Importance. https://tyonote.com/top-level-management/
6. Sujan. (June 4, 2023). What is Middle Level Management? Definition, Examples, Skills, Roles,
and Importance. https://tyonote.com/middle-level-management/
7. Sujan. (June 4, 2023). What is Lower Level Management? Definition, Examples, Skills,
and Roles. https://tyonote.com/lower-level-management/
8. Barker, R. (July–August 2010). The Big Idea: No, Management Is Not a Profession.
https://hbr.org/2010/07/the-big-idea-no-management-is-not-a-profession