DPWH – NATIONAL SEWERAGE AND SEPTAGE

MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (NSSMP)

Septage Project: Conduct

of Feasibility Study
Prepared by: NSSMP Section
Environmental and Social Safeguards Division – Planning Service
Steps in conducting Feasibility Study

Conduct Sanitation Infrastructure Survey

• Conduct surveys on households and other
establishments to gather all data pertinent to the
implementation of the sanitation facility

Determine Sewage/Septage Design Flow

• Determine the sewerage/septage design flow in the target
area, to subsequently determine all other necessary
parameters, e.g. number of desludging trucks needed
Determine Sewage/Septage Design Flow

Septage Projects
Sewerage Projects

• Conduct topographical survey • Identify alternatives utilizing

and inventory of existing various septage technologies
drainage (if there are any) vis-à- • Determine number of vacuum
vis household surveys trucks and disposal trucks to be
• Identify alternatives utilizing used for each alternative
various sewerage technologies
• Determine sewer pipe layout
and dimensions for each
alternative
Steps in conducting Feasibility Study

Compute Total Project Cost

• Determine the total project cost of the different
alternatives proposal and prepare the summary matrix

Conduct Economic Evaluation and Analysis

• Conduct Economic/Financial Analysis to determine
which among the considered alternatives is most
feasible
Conduct Sanitation
Infrastructure Survey
Sample Survey Form
Conduct Sanitation
Infrastructure Survey
Sample Survey Form
Conduct Sanitation
Infrastructure Survey
Sample Survey Form
Determine Sewage/Septage Design Flow
Example:
Survey Results:
No. of households (HH) = 46,236
No. of commercial establishments (CE) = 100
No. of institutional establishments (IE) = 240

Note: DOH requires desludging every 3-5 years!

Desludging frequency = Every 5 years
Desludging days in a year = ሺ𝐷𝑎𝑦𝑠 − 𝑊𝑒𝑒𝑘𝑒𝑛𝑑 − 𝑉𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝐷𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 − 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑊𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟
− 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 ሻ
= ሺ365ሻ – ሺ2 𝑥 52ሻ – ሺ12ሻ – ሺ10ሻ – ሺ21ሻ

= 218 Operational Days per Year

Determine Sewage/Septage Design Flow
Survey Results (Households)
% of households with septic tanks 70
% of target household participation 80
% of septic tanks that are accessible/desludgable 80
Volume of Septic Tank 3 m3
Average Septage Volume per Septic Tank 2.5 m3
Determine Sewage/Septage Design Flow
Potential Volume of septage for collection on households
= ሺ𝐻𝐻ሻ 𝑥 ሺ%𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘ሻ 𝑥 ሺ%𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑒ሻ 𝑥 ሺ%𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒ሻ 𝑥 ሺ𝑆𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑣𝑒. 𝑣𝑜𝑙. ሻ
= ሺ46,236ሻ 𝑥 ሺ70%ሻ 𝑥 ሺ80%ሻ 𝑥 ሺ80%ሻ 𝑥 ሺ2.5ሻ
= 𝟓𝟏, 𝟕𝟖𝟒 𝒎𝟑
Potential volume of septage for collection on households annually
=(51,784 m3 )/5 yrs.
= 𝟏𝟎, 𝟑𝟔𝟓. 𝟖 𝒎𝟑ൗ𝒚𝒓
Daily Septage Collection for Household
𝑚3 1 𝑦𝑟
= 10,365 ∗
𝑦𝑟 218 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
= 𝟒𝟕. 𝟓𝟏𝒎𝟑/𝒅𝒂𝒚
Determine Sewage/Septage Design Flow
Survey Results (Commercial Establishments)
% of households with septic tanks 90
% of target household participation 90
% of septic tanks that are accessible/desludgable 95
Volume of Septic Tank 10 m3
Average Septage Volume per Septic Tank 8.5 m3
Determine Sewage/Septage Design Flow
Potential Volume of septage for collection on households
= ሺ𝐶𝐸ሻ 𝑥 ሺ%𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘ሻ 𝑥 ሺ%𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑒ሻ 𝑥 ሺ%𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒ሻ 𝑥 ሺ𝑆𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑣𝑒. 𝑣𝑜𝑙. ሻ
= ሺ100ሻ 𝑥 ሺ90%ሻ 𝑥 ሺ90%ሻ 𝑥 ሺ95%ሻ 𝑥 ሺ8.5ሻ
= 6𝟓𝟒. 𝟎𝟖 𝒎𝟑
Potential volume of septage for collection on households annually
=(65.41 m3 )/5 yrs.
= 𝟏𝟑𝟎. 𝟖𝟐 𝒎𝟑 ൗ𝒚𝒓
Daily Septage Collection for Household
𝑚3 1 𝑦𝑟
= 130.82 ∗
𝑦𝑟 218 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
= 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝒎𝟑/𝒅𝒂𝒚
Determine Sewage/Septage Design Flow
Survey Results (Institutional Establishments)
% of households with septic tanks 90
% of target household participation 90
% of septic tanks that are accessible/desludgable 95
Volume of Septic Tank 10 m3
Average Septage Volume per Septic Tank 8.5 m3
Determine Sewage/Septage Design Flow
Potential Volume of septage for collection on households
= ሺ𝐶𝐸ሻ 𝑥 ሺ%𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘ሻ 𝑥 ሺ%𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑒ሻ 𝑥 ሺ%𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒ሻ 𝑥 ሺ𝑆𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑣𝑒. 𝑣𝑜𝑙. ሻ
= ሺ240ሻ 𝑥 ሺ90%ሻ 𝑥 ሺ90%ሻ 𝑥 ሺ95%ሻ 𝑥 ሺ8.5ሻ
= 1,569.78 𝒎𝟑
Potential volume of septage for collection on households annually
=(1,569.78 m3 )/5 yrs.
= 𝟑𝟏𝟑. 𝟗𝟔 𝒎𝟑 ൗ𝒚𝒓
Daily Septage Collection for Household
𝑚3 1 𝑦𝑟
= 313.96 ∗
𝑦𝑟 218 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
= 𝟏. 𝟒𝟒𝒎𝟑/𝒅𝒂𝒚
Determine Sewage/Septage Design Flow
Total Estimated Daily Septage Volume for Collection
Establishment Daily Septage Flow (m3/day)
Household 47.51
Commercial Establishment 1.44
Institutional Establishment 0.60
TOTAL 49.55
Establish Number of Septage Trucks
Example:
Given (households):
Average hauling distance (service area to treatment plant) = 7 km
Average truck speed = 40 kph
Round trip travel time, t1 = 21 min
Unloading time at treatment plant, t2 = 30 min
Pump out time per septic tank, t3 = 30 min
Average septage volume of septic tank = 2.5 m3
Hauling efficiency = 80%
Establish Number of Septage Trucks
Using 10m3 Vacuum Truck
Cycle Time
𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑘 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 ∗ 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 10 ∗ 0.80
= 𝑡1 + 𝑡2 + 𝑡3 ∗ = 21 + 30 + 30 ∗
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 2.5
= 𝟏𝟒𝟕 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔
Average Number of Trips per Day
𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑎 𝑑𝑎𝑦 8 ℎ𝑟𝑠.∗ 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠/ℎ𝑟
= = = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟕 𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒑𝒔
𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 147 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠
Required Number of Trucks
𝑑𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 49.55𝑚3
= =
%𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 ∗ 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑘 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 ∗ 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑠 0.80 ∗ 10𝑚3 ∗ 3.27𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑠
= 1.9 ≈ 𝟐 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒌𝒔
Establish Number of Septage Trucks
Using 5m3 Vacuum Truck
Cycle Time
𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑘 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 ∗ 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 5 ∗ 0.80
= 𝑡1 + 𝑡2 + 𝑡3 ∗ = 21 + 30 + 30 ∗
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 2.5
= 𝟗𝟗 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔
Average Number of Trips per Day
𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑎 𝑑𝑎𝑦 8 ℎ𝑟𝑠.∗ 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠/ℎ𝑟
= = = 𝟒. 𝟖𝟓 𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒑𝒔
𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 99 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠
Required Number of Trucks
𝑑𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 49.55𝑚3
= =
%𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 ∗ 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑘 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 ∗ 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑠 0.80 ∗ 5𝑚3 ∗ 4.85 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑠
= 2.55 ≈ 𝟑 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒌𝒔
Establish Number of Septage Trucks
Trips per Day Trucks per Day
10 m3 Vacuum Truck 3.27 ≈ 3 1.9 ≈ 2
5 m3 Vacuum Truck 4.85 ≈ 4 2.55 ≈ 3
Establish Number of Dump Trucks
Sample: Facility with Chute
Percentage of Sludge Disposal ranges 15-25% of Daily Septage Volume Collection (Assumed
as per Volute Output)
Volume of Sludge Disposal
= 25% ∗ 𝑆𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
= 25% ∗ 49.55 m3
= 𝟏𝟐. 𝟑𝟗 m3
Note: Disposal cost may differ based from site situational requirements
Establish Number of Dump Trucks
Example:
Given:
Average hauling distance (treatment plant to dumpsite) = 10 km
Average truck speed = 40 kph
Round trip travel time, t1 = 30 min
Loading time at treatment plant, t2 = 10 min
Dumping time, t3 = 10 min
Efficiency of trucking operation = 90%
Establish Number of Septage Trucks
Using 6 m3 Vacuum Truck
Cycle Time
𝑡1 + 𝑡2 + 𝑡3 30 + 10 + 10
= =
%𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 0.90
= 𝟓𝟓. 𝟓𝟔 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔
Average Number of Trips per Day
𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑎 𝑑𝑎𝑦 8 ℎ𝑟𝑠.∗ 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠/ℎ𝑟
= = = 𝟖. 𝟔𝟒 𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒑𝒔
𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 55.56 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠
Required Number of Trucks
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑙 12.39 𝑚3
= =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑘 6 𝑚3
= 2.06 ≈ 𝟐 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒌𝒔
Total Project Cost
Truck CAPEX
For 10 m3 vacuum truck:
2*₱4,300,429.00 = ₱8,600,858.00
For 5m3 vacuum truck:
3*₱2,687,983.00 = ₱8,063,949.00
For 6m3 dump truck:
2*₱6,263,000.00 = ₱12,930,168.00
Total Project Cost
Truck OPEX
Labor Cost
Driver ₱132,000.00/year
Helper ₱109,000.00/year
Fuel Cost
Fuel Consumption ₱60.00/liter
Maintenance Cost
Truck Engine ₱1.00/km
Vacuum Pump ₱0.20/m3
Tire Replacement ₱1.00/km
Hose Replacement ₱10.00/m3
Battery Replacement ₱0.50/km
Total Project Cost
Truck OPEX
Maintenance Cost
Parts and Minor Repairs ₱0.50/km
Annual Registration ₱3,000/year
Annual Insurance ₱80,000/year
Tune-ups ₱1.00/km
Total Project Cost
Plant CAPEX
Septage Cost Curve
Plant Capacity = 50 m3/day
SpTP Cost Curve
Option 1: Full Mechanized System

400

300
PhP, Millions

200

100

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

50 𝑚3 Capacity, m3/d

= ₱ 44,600,000.00
Total Project Cost
Land CAPEX
Land Requirement (1,000 𝒎𝟐 )
= ሺ𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡ሻ 𝑥 ሺ𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡ሻ
= ሺ₱1,000.00ሻ 𝑥 ሺ1,000ሻ
= ₱𝟏, 𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎
Total Project Cost
OPEX for POWER & CHEMICALS
= (36.9) x (Annual Septage Collection) = (36.9) x (10,801.64 𝑚3) = ₱398,580.33
OPEX for MAINTENANCE
= 1% (PLANT COST) = 1% (44,600,000.00) = ₱446,000.00
OPEX for LABOR
(2 – Operator) = ₱ 15,000.00/ Operator
(1 – Security) = ₱ 10,000.00/ Security
(1 – Labor) = ₱ 8,000.00/ Labor
= 12𝑥 2 ∗ ₱15,000.00 + 1 ∗ ₱10,000.00 + ሺ1 ∗ ₱8,000.00ሻ = ₱𝟓𝟕𝟔, 𝟎𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎
Total Project Cost
Cost Summary – Capital Expenditures
𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝟑 − 𝑽𝒂𝒄𝒖𝒖𝒎 𝑻𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒌 𝟓 𝒎𝟑 − 𝑽𝒂𝒄𝒖𝒖𝒎 𝑻𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒌
• Vacuum Truck ₱ 8,600,858.00 ₱ 8,063,949.00
• Dump Truck ₱ 12,526,000.00 ₱ 12,526,000.00
• Septage Treatment Plant ₱ 44,600,000.00 ₱ 44,600,000.00
• Land Cost ₱ 1,000,000.00 ₱ 1,000,000.00
PROJECT COST ₱ 66,726,858.00 ₱ 66,189,949.00
Total Project Cost
Cost Summary – Operational Expenditures
𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝟑 − 𝑽𝒂𝒄𝒖𝒖𝒎 𝑻𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒌 𝟓 𝒎𝟑 − 𝑽𝒂𝒄𝒖𝒖𝒎 𝑻𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒌
• Vacuum Truck ₱ 913,459.19 ₱ 1,288,297.38
• Dump Truck ₱ 1,006,629.82 ₱ 1,006,629.82
• Power & Chemicals ₱ 398,580.33 ₱ 398,580.33
• Maintenance ₱ 446,000.00 ₱ 446,000.00
• Labor ₱ 576,000.00 ₱ 576,000.00
Total OPEX ₱ 3,340,669.34 ₱ 3,715,507.53
Economic Evaluation and Analysis
Estimated Annual Revenues
Annual Required Loan Payment (using 10 m3 truck)
Project Cost ሺ₱ 66,726,858.00ሻ
Loan 50% of Project Cost = ₱ 33,363,429.00
Interest 7% annually, 10 years payment
Annual required loan payment = ₱ 4,750,201.70
Annual Required Expenditures
= 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠 + 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑛 𝑃𝑎𝑦𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
= ₱𝟖, 𝟎𝟗𝟎, 𝟖𝟕𝟏. 𝟎𝟓 = ₱3,340,669.34 + ₱4,750,201.70
Billable Water Consumption Survey Result
= 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 25 𝑐𝑢𝑚/𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ
= 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑣𝑒. = 45 𝑐𝑢𝑚/𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ
Economic Evaluation and Analysis
Estimated Annual Revenues
Type of Residency Ave. Water No. of TOTAL WATER
Consumption, m3 Establishments CONSUMPTION,
(% with septic m3
tank)
Residential 25 70% x (46,236) 809,130
Commercial 45 90% x (240) 9,720
Institutional 45 90% x (100) 4,050
Monthly Water Consumption 822,900 m3
Annual Water Consumption (12 months) 9,874,800 m3
Economic Evaluation and Analysis
Estimated Annual Revenues
Required Tariff per m3
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 ₱ 8,114,000.87
= =
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 9,874,800 𝑚3
= ₱ 0.82 ≈ ₱𝟏. 𝟎𝟎/𝒎𝟑
Establish Number of Dump Trucks
Economic Evaluation
Example
Total Project Cost = ₱60,463,858.00
Annual Revenues = ₱9,874,800.00
Annual Operation and Maintenance = ₱3,340,669.34
Loan Interest = 7%
Annual Loan Amortization = ₱4,304,346.55
Annual Cash Flow = ₱2,229,784.10
Subsidy (50%of Total Project Cost) = ₱30,231,929.00
LGU Counterpart (to be loaned) (50% of TPC) = ₱30,231,929.00
Establish Number of Dump Trucks
Economic Evaluation
Steps
1. Determine the Net Present Value (NPV) of the Project
2. Determine the Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
3. Conduct Economic Sensitivity Analysis
4. Prepare Financial Analysis

For the Project Option to be considered economically feasible,

𝑵𝑷𝑽 > 𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝑰𝑹𝑹 ≥ 𝟏𝟓.
Maraming Salamat po!