(3B11A004)

Teaching Example 11.4

Chapter 11 Introduction to Probability A company holds a lucky draw for its 200 staff in the annual party. Each staff writes his/her name on a
ticket and puts it into the lucky draw box. 5 first prizes, 10 second prizes and 27 consolation prizes will be
drawn. If a staff is chosen at random, find the probabilities that he/she
(a) wins a first prize,
Teaching Examples
(b) wins no prizes at all.

(3B11A001)
(3B11A005)
Teaching Example 11.1
Teaching Example 11.5
If a card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 playing cards, find the probabilities of
There are two school bags, each of which contains 3 books: Chinese, English and Mathematics. If a book
(a) getting a face card,
is taken from each of the school bags at random, find the probabilities of getting
(b) not getting a club.
(a) 2 Mathematics books,
(b) 1 English book only.
(3B11A002)
Teaching Example 11.2
(3B11A006)
If a child is chosen at random from a group of children who were born in 2010, find the probabilities that
Teaching Example 11.6
the birthday of the chosen child is in
There are two questions in a quiz. The first one offers 3 options, of which only one is correct. The second
- 95 -

(a) February,
one is a true-or-false question. If Peter chooses his answers at random, find the probabilities that he gets
(b) April or June.
(a) both answers incorrect,
(b) both answers correct.
(3B11A003)
Teaching Example 11.3
(3B11A007)
The bar chart below shows the grade distribution of an S3 Mathematics test.
Teaching Example 11.7
There are 1 red ball and 2 white balls in a box. If a ball is drawn at random and then a dice is thrown, find
the probabilities of getting
(a) a white ball and a prime number,
(b) a red ball and a composite number.

(3B11A008)
Teaching Example 11.8
.
Box A contains 4 balls, including a red, a yellow, a green and a blue one. Box B contains 3 balls, including
If an S3 student is chosen at random, find the probabilities that the student gets
a red, a blue and a white one. If a ball is drawn from each of the boxes,
(a) grade D,
(a) list all the possible outcomes in a table,
(b) grade C or above.
(b) find the probability that the two balls drawn are of the same colour.
 (3B11A009) (3B11A013)
Teaching Example 11.9 Teaching Example 11.13
The figure shows a lucky wheel. Each participant has one spin of the wheel and Joyce has a cube with two faces numbered 2, two faces numbered 5 and the remaining two faces
wins the prize where the pointer stops. If Kelvin spins the wheel once, find the numbered 11. Find the expected value of the number obtained in throwing the cube once.
probabilities of winning
(a) no prizes, (3B11A014)
(b) a school bag. Teaching Example 11.14
The figure shows a square dartboard. If a dart is thrown, 5 points will be awarded
for hitting the red regions and 2 points will be awarded for hitting the white regions.
(a) Find the probability of hitting the red regions.
(3B11A010) (b) Find the probability of hitting the white regions.
Teaching Example 11.10 (c) Find the expected value of points obtained in one trial.
The figure shows a dartboard which is made up of two circles of radii 6 cm and
10 cm respectively. Each circle is divided into 8 equal sectors as shown. Jimmy (3B11A015)
throws a dart at random and the dart hits the dartboard. Find the probability that Teaching Example 11.2 (Extra)
the dart will hit the shaded regions. Cherie was born in January 2001. It is given that 1 January, 2001 is Monday. Find the probability that
Cherie’s date of birth satisfies both the following conditions:
1. It is Monday, Wednesday or Friday.
- 96 -

(3B11A011) 2. It is a multiple of 4.
Teaching Example 11.11
A dice is thrown 200 times and the results are shown below: (3B11A016)
Possible outcome 1 2 3 4 5 6 Teaching Example 11.4 (Extra)
A box contains 48 identical balls, in which x are red, y are yellow and the rest are black. It is given that the
Frequency 36 4x + 3 30 34 3x 4x – 2
1 1
(a) Find x. probability of drawing a red ball from the box is and that of a yellow ball is .
16 12
(b) (i) Find the theoretical probability of getting a prime number.
(a) Find the values of x and y.
(ii) Find the experimental probability of getting a prime number.
(b) Find the probability of drawing a black ball.
(c) How many black balls should be taken out from the box so that the probability of drawing a black
(3B11A012)
4
Teaching Example 11.12 ball is reduced to ?
5
The tuck shop of a school gave out 200 discount coupons randomly to 200 students in the morning.
During lunch time, 56 students presented their coupons to enjoy the discount offer.
(a) Find the experimental probability that a student who was given a coupon would use it to buy lunch
that day.
(b) If the experimental probability that a student in the school was given a coupon is 0.16, estimate the
total number of students of the school.
 (3B11A017) Pre-study Questions
Teaching Example 11.7 (Extra)
Two coins are tossed and a dice is thrown. Find the probabilities of getting (3B11B001)
(a) two heads and an even number, The following table shows the number of students in each S3 class of a school.
(b) only one head and a prime number. Class 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E
Number of students 38 36 35 32 30
(3B11A018) (a) Find the total number of students in S3.
Teaching Example 11.9 (Extra) (b) Find the total number of S3 students who are neither in class 3A nor in class 3E.
The figure shows the number of votes obtained by the 6 candidates in the S3A class
monitor election. (3B11B002)
(a) Find x. A bag contains 2 red balls, 3 white balls and 1 green ball.
(b) If an S3A student is chosen at random, find the probabilities that (a) What fraction of the balls is white?
(i) the student votes for Kelvin Man, (b) What fraction of the balls is not red?
(ii) the student votes for Cherie Lau or Sarah Ho.
(3B11B003)
The bar chart shows the distribution of the favourite sports of a group of people. What fraction of people
(3B11A019) like playing table tennis?
Teaching Example 11.14 (Extra) Favourite sports
- 97 -

of people
The figure shows a dartboard formed by 3 squares of sides 3 cm, 4 cm and 12 cm

Number of
respectively. If a dart is thrown and hits the red region, a prize of $720 is awarded.

people
No prize is awarded when hitting the other regions. John throws a dart at random and
the dart hits the dartboard.
(a) Find the probability of hitting the red region of the dartboard.
(b) Find the expected value of the prize in one throw.
(c) If John has to pay $20 for playing the game once, is the game favourable to him?
(3B11B004)
The pie chart shows the distribution of the options of a multiple choice
Options of a multiple choice
question answered by a class of students. question answered by
a class of students
(a) Find the sum of angles of sectors representing option B and option D.
(b) What fraction of students choose option B or option D?

A
B

C
 (3B11B005) (3B11B009)
The figure shows 2 squares. Find the area of the shaded region. In a pack of 52 playing cards,

8 cm
(a) how many face cards are there?
(b) how many suits of cards are red?

(3B11B010)
Consider a dice.
(a) How many face(s) is/are marked with a number greater than 4?
(b) How many face(s) is/are marked with a prime number?

1 cm 1 cm
(3B11B011)
A dice is thrown 50 times and the results are recorded as follows:
(3B11B006) Number 1 2 3 4 5 6
The figure shows 2 shaded circles of radii 2 cm and 1 cm respectively. They Frequency 4 2 2a 15 3a – 1 10
are placed on a circular board of radius 8 cm. In what fraction is the area of Find the value of a.
the circular board covered by the two shaded circles?
- 98 -

(3B11B007)
A456*85(5) is a Hong Kong identity card number. List all the possible values of *.

(3B11B008)
Match the following playing card suits to their names and colours.
Suit Colour
˙

(a) diamond
˙

red
˙

(b) spade
˙

(c) heart
˙

black
˙

(d) club
 Level 1 Questions (3B11C006)
There are 20 000 books in a bookstore. Among them, a discount is offered to 5000 Chinese fictions, 7500
§11.1 Probability English fictions and 300 dictionaries. If Mathew bought a book from the bookstore, what is the probability
(3B11C001) that the book is sold at a discount?
A dice is thrown. Find the probabilities of getting
(a) the number ‘2’ or ‘5’, (3B11C007)
(b) an even number. If a day is randomly selected from a year of 365 days, find the probabilities that
(a) it is the first day of a month,
(3B11C002) (b) it is a day in July.
A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 playing cards. Find the probabilities of getting
(a) a ‘J’, (3B11C008)
(b) the ace of diamonds. Sara promises her mother to study in the afternoon, but she watches TV from 3:30 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. If her
mother comes home anytime between 2:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m., what is the probability that Sara is
(3B11C003) watching TV when her mother comes home?
The following shows the stock of a shirt of a particular model in a boutique.
Small-size Medium-size Large-size (3B11C009)
Number of stock 12 8 Out of stock An integer is chosen at random between 1 and 30 inclusive. Find the probabilities that the integer is
If a salesperson picks a shirt from the stock of that model at random, find the probabilities that (a) a multiple of 6,
- 99 -

(a) it is a small-size, (b) between 2 and 22 inclusive.

(b) it is a large-size.
(3B11C010)
(3B11C004) The following table shows the number of students in each S3 class of a school.
A letter is chosen at random from the word ‘WONDERLAND’. Find the probabilities of getting Class 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E
(a) the letter ‘D’, Number of boys 20 18 18 16 18
(b) a vowel. Number of girls 18 18 16 16 14
(a) If a S3 student is chosen at random from the school, find the probability that the student is from class
(3B11C005) 3A.
A box contains 6 orange marbles, 4 pink marbles and 2 black marbles. A marble is drawn at random from (b) If a girl is chosen at random from S3 classes of the school, find the probability that the girl is from
the box. Find the probabilities that the marble drawn is class 3E.
(a) orange, pink or black,
(b) not orange or black.
 (3B11C011) §11.2 Further Problems on Probability
The bar chart shows the distribution of the results of an English test taken by all the employees of Chan’s (3B11C013)
Company. A coin is tossed and a dice in the shape of a regular tetrahedron is thrown. The four faces of the dice are
English test results of the marked with 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Find the probability of getting a head and the number ‘3’.
employees of Chan’s Company

(3B11C014)
Box A contains 2 red cards and 1 yellow card. Box B contains 2 green cards and 2 yellow cards. A card is
drawn at random from each box.
(a) List all the possible outcomes in a table.
(b) Find the probability that at least one of the cards drawn is yellow.

(3B11C015)
If an employee is chosen at random from the company, find the probability of each of the following Two dice are thrown.
events. (a) List all the possible outcomes in a table.
(a) The employee gets a grade A. (b) Find the probabilities that
(b) The employee gets a grade B or C. (i) the difference of the 2 numbers is equal to 3,
(ii) the sum of the 2 numbers is a multiple of 3.
(3B11C012)
- 100 -

The pie chart shows the distribution of the favourite festivals of a group of students. (3B11C016)
Favourite festivals of a group of students Jacqueline chooses a letter at random from each of the two words ‘GOOD’ and ‘BOY’.
(a) Use a tree diagram to list all the possible outcomes.
Easter (b) Find the probability that the two letters chosen are the same.
10%
Mid-Autumn
Festival
30% (3B11C017)
Christmas A cat gives birth to 3 kittens. Find the probabilities that
Chinese (a) all 3 kittens are female,
New Year
20%
(b) exactly one of the kittens is female,
(c) at least one of the kittens is female..
Others
5% (3B11C018)
If a student is chosen at random from the group, find the probabilities that the favourite festival of the A quiz consists of one true-or-false question and one multiple choice question. The multiple choice
student is question has 5 choices, A, B, C, D and E, of which only one is correct. If Adam chooses his answers
(a) Christmas, randomly, find the probability that he answers both questions wrongly.
(b) Mid-Autumn Festival or Chinese New Year.
 (3B11C019) (3B11C022)
Kevin and Heidi answer a multiple choice question with 4 choices, A, B, C and D, of which only one is The dartboard shown in the figure is made up of two concentric circles of radii 30 cm and 40 cm
correct. If they answer the question by wild guesses, respectively. Kenny throws a dart at random and the dart hits the dartboard. Find the probability that the
(a) list all the possible outcomes in a table, dart hits the shaded region.
(b) find the probability that only one of them answers correctly.

(3B11C020)
The figure shows a lucky wheel in the shape of a regular octagon.

(3B11C023)
As shown in the figure, a dartboard is formed by 4 squares each of side 4 cm. Another 4 squares each of
Chris spins the lucky wheel once. Find the probabilities that the pointer side 2 cm are drawn at the centre of the dartboard. If a dart is thrown at random and hits the dartboard,
(a) stops in region I, find the probability that it hits one of the shaded regions.
(b) does not stop in region II.
- 101 -

(3B11C021)
The pie chart shows the distribution of the favourite sports of a group of 180 students.

Favourite sports of a
group of 180 students

Volleyball

§11.3 Experimental Probability

(3B11C024)
A coin is tossed 1000 times. The results are recorded as follows:
Frequency
If a student is chosen from the group at random, find the probabilities that his/her favourite sport is Head x
(a) swimming or volleyball, Tail 528
(b) table tennis. (a) Find the value of x.
(b) Find the experimental probability of getting a head.
 (3B11C025) (3B11C029)
A biased dice is thrown 200 times. The results are recorded below: A batch of oranges is put into several crates. The number of oranges of 30 crates are counted and recorded
Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 as follows:
Frequency 66 42 48 16 24 4 Number of oranges 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 34 35 – 39
Find the experimental probabilities of getting Frequency 2 14 10 4
(a) the number ‘1’ or ‘3’, If a crate is chosen at random, find the experimental probabilities that the number of oranges is in the
(b) a number greater than 3. range
(a) 25 – 29,
(3B11C026) (b) 20 – 34.
A fast-food restaurant conducted a survey to find out the favourite set meal of its teenage customers. The
results are as follows: (3B11C030)
Set meal A B C D E The following table shows the distribution of heights of a group of students in a school:
Number of customers 343 350 314 306 367 Height (cm) 125 – 129 130 – 134 135 – 139 140 – 144 145 – 149
Find the experimental probabilities that a teenage customer chooses Frequency 4 30 35 12 9
(a) set meal B, If a student is chosen at random from the school, find the experimental probabilities that his/her height is
(b) set meal C or D (a) between 129.5 cm and 139.5 cm,
as his/her favourite. (b) greater than 144.5 cm.
- 102 -

(3B11C027) (3B11C031)
In a survey, 800 members of a youth club are selected at random to check their blood type. It is found that A coin is tossed 300 times. It is given that the experimental probability of getting a head is 0.54. Find the
250 of them belongs to blood group B. Find the experimental probability that a member does not belong frequency of getting a tail in the 300 tosses.
to blood group B.
§11.4 Expected Value
(3B11C028) (3B11C032)
Two dice are thrown 100 times and the sum of the numbers obtained each time are recorded below: A dice is in the shape of a regular tetrahedron. Its four faces are marked with 1, 2, 4 and –3 points
Sum of numbers 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 respectively. If the dice is thrown once, find the expected value of the points obtained.
Frequency 4 8 7 11 19 23 9 7 9 2 1
(3B11C033)
Find the experimental probabilities that the sum of the two numbers is
The following shows the probabilities of getting different coins at random in a purse.
(a) greater than 9,
Coin $1 $2 $5 $10
(b) a multiple of 3,
3 1 2 1
(c) a prime number. Probability
10 5 5 10
If Dorothy draws a coin from the purse at random, find the expected value of amount obtained.
 (3B11C034) Level 2 Questions
The figure shows a lucky wheel with 6 sectors having the same area.
§11.1 Probability
(3B11D001)
If an angle is chosen at random from a right-angled triangle, find the probabilities that the angle is
(a) an acute angle,
(b) an obtuse angle.

(3B11D002)
If Martin spins the lucky wheel once, find the expected value of the points obtained. A dice is thrown. Find the probabilities of getting
(a) an even number smaller than 4,
(3B11C035) (b) an even number or a number smaller than 4.
Samuel spins the lucky wheel about the centre O as shown in the figure.
(3B11D003)
A card is drawn randomly from a pack of 52 playing cards. Find the probabilities that the card drawn is
(a) an ace or a face card,
(b) not a spade or a ‘K’.
- 103 -

(3B11D004)
Phyllis has bought some roses, tulips and carnations. She put them into three vases A, B and C. The
number of flowers in each vase is as follows:
(a) Find the probability that the pointer stops in region II in one spin. Rose Tulip Carnation
(b) If Samuel spins the lucky wheel 10 times, how many times do you expect the pointer to stop in Vase A 7 2 3
region II? Vase B 5 4 4
Vase C 1 8 2
If a flower is randomly picked, find the probabilities that
(a) it is in vase A,
(b) it is a rose,
(c) it is not a tulip and it is not in vase C.

(3B11D005)
David selects a number at random from all positive 2-digit integers. Find the probabilities of getting
(a) a number divisible by 3,
(b) a number divisible by 5,
(c) a number divisible by both 3 and 5.
 (3B11D006) (3B11D011)
A Christmas party holds a lucky draw. Each guest can draw a coupon at random from a box which The figure shows that there are 2 highways a and b from City A to City B, and 3 highways c, d and e from
contains 20 $20 coupons, 10 $50 coupons and 6 $100 coupons. City B to City C.
(a) Find the probability of drawing a $100 coupon by the first guest.
(b) Suppose that the first guest draws a $100 coupon. Find the probabilities of drawing the following
coupons by the second guest.
(i) a $50 coupon
(ii) a $100 coupon
A driver chooses the route at random to travel from City A to City C.
(3B11D007) (a) With the help of a tree diagram, find the probability that the driver uses highway d.
Among 20 cats, the number of cats that are not vaccinated is more than those that are vaccinated by 4. If a (b) The toll rates of the highways are as follows:
cat is chosen at random, find the probability that it is vaccinated. Highway a b c d e
Toll $25 free $15 $30 $20
(3B11D008) What is the probability that the driver needs to pay the toll for more than $30?
Charles forgets the password of his locker. He only remembers that it consists of 4 digits. He tries 4-digit
numbers randomly for the password. (3B11D012)
(a) Find the probability that he can open the locker in one trial. A shop offers a gift-wrapping service as shown below.
(b) If he remembers that the password is a multiple of 80, find the probability that he can open the locker
- 104 -

For each gift, please choose a piece of wrapping

in one trial. paper and a piece of ribbon.
Wrapping paper Ribbon
§11.2 Further Problems on Probability Red $10 Green $8
(3B11D009)
Yellow $8 Red $12
A dice is thrown and a coin is tossed.
Blue $9 Yellow $4
(a) Use a tree diagram to list all the possible outcomes.
(b) Find the probabilities of getting
(i) a prime number and a head,
(ii) an even number less than 6 and a tail. (a) Sara has bought a gift from the shop. With the help of a table, find the probability that she pays more
than $15 for the wrappings.
(3B11D010) . different colours for wrapping paper and ribbon, what is the probability that the total
(b) If Sara uses
Edith selects two numbers at random from 0, 1, 2 and 4 to form a 2-digit number. Each number can be wrapping cost less than $20?
selected once only.
(a) Use a tree diagram to list all the possible 2-digit numbers. (3B11D013)
(b) Find the probabilities that the 2-digit number formed is A pair of white socks, a pair of black socks and a pair of red socks are put in a drawer. Jason draws
(i) a multiple of 5, 2 socks one by one from the drawer at random. Find the probabilities that
(ii) divisible by 4. (a) the 2 socks are of the same colour,
(b) at least one of the socks is black in colour.
 (3B11D014) (3B11D018)
The figure shows a dartboard with a pattern formed by 3 different A university conducted a survey on the popularity of Chinese and Western medicine in Hong Kong. The
sizes of circles. PS, QR and QS are the diameters of the circles. results are recorded in the following table.
Mable throws a dart at random and the dart hits the dartboard. Chinese medicine Western medicine
2 cm
Find the probability that the dart hits the shaded region. Male 146 354
P 4 cm 4 cm S
Q R Female 283 217
(a) Find the experimental probability that a Hong Kong citizen prefers Chinese medicine.
(b) Find the experimental probability that a Hong Kong citizen who prefers Western medicine is a
female.

(3B11D015) (3B11D019)
The figure shows a circular dartboard. The areas of the 3 sectors B, A random sample of 200 light bulbs is selected from a factory. Their lifetimes are recorded in the
C and D are in the ratio 2 : 1 : 1. If a dart is thrown at random and following table.
hits the dartboard, find the probability that the dart hits the sector C. 901 – 950 951 – 1000 1001 – 1050 1051 – 1100
Lifetime (hours)
Number of light bulbs 36 24 90 50
(a) If a light bulb is chosen at random from the factory, find the experimental probability that its lifetime
lies in the range of 951 – 1000 hours.
- 105 -

(b) If a total of 516 light bulbs have lifetimes in the range of 951 – 1000 hours, estimate the total number
(3B11D016)
of light bulbs in the factory.
In the figure, the square dartboard is first divided into 4 equal smaller
squares. For the upper right square, it is further divided into 4 equal
(3B11D020)
smaller squares. This process is repeated for one more time. If a dart is
In an estate, a survey is carried out to investigate the number of children per family. 400 families are
thrown at random and hits the dartboard, find the probability that the
randomly selected and interviewed, and the results are summarized as follows:
dart hits the shaded region.
Number of children 0 1 2 3 4
Number of families n 130 100 70 20
(a) (i) Find the value of n.
(ii) Find the experimental probability that a family in the estate has no children.
§11.3 Experimental Probability
(b) If there are 3200 families in the estate, estimate the total number of families in the estate which have
(3B11D017)
no children.
A biased dice is thrown a certain number of times. The results are recorded below.
Number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 5 13 15 27 24 n
1
(a) If the experimental probability of getting a number greater than 4 is , find the value of n.
2
(b) Hence, find the experimental probability of getting an odd number.
 (3B11D021) (3B11D023)
The school library records the number of books borrowed by S3 students each day for the past 20 days. A bag contains 50 cards which are in red, yellow and green. Raymond draws a card from the bag at
Number of books borrowed 15 or less 16 – 17 18 – 19 20 – 21 22 or more random, records its colour and then puts the card back into the bag. He repeats this process for 1000 times
Number of days 5 3 4 6 2 and obtains the following results.
(a) Find the experimental probabilities that S3 students Colour Red Yellow Green
(i) borrow 16 – 19 books in one day, Frequency 256 624 120
(ii) borrow at most 17 books in one day. (a) Find the experimental probabilities of getting
(b) Estimate the number of days in the coming three months (90 days) that S3 students borrow 22 books (i) a red card,
or more in one day. (ii) a non-green card.
(b) Estimate the number of cards of each colour in the bag.
(3B11D022) (Give your answers correct to the nearest integer.)
40 candidates are selected randomly from the candidates sitting for a professional examination. The
following histogram shows the distribution of the marks of these 40 candidates. §11.4 Expected value
(3B11D024)
- 106 -

The figure shows a dartboard which consists of 2 concentric circles of radii 10 cm and 30 cm respectively.
10 points are awarded for hitting region A and 1 point is deducted for hitting region B. Gary throws a dart
(a) If a candidate sitting for the examination is randomly selected, find the experimental probability that at random and hits the dartboard.
he/she scores more than 59.5 marks. (a) Find the probabilities of hitting region A and region B respectively.
(b) If a total of 328 candidates score more than 59.5 marks, estimate the total number of candidates (b) Find the expected value of points he gets.
sitting for the professional examination.
(3B11D025)
In a Mathematics test, there are 10 multiple choice questions. Each question has 4 choices, of which only
one is correct. Each question carries 4 marks and 1 mark will be deducted for each wrong answer. Ida
writes the answers by wild guesses.
(a) How many questions do you expect Ida to answer correctly?
(b) Find Ida’s expected marks for the test.
 (3B11D026) (3B11D029)
The figure shows a lucky wheel. The areas of the three sectors marked 20 points, 10 points and 5 points In a game, a player needs to throw 2 dice once. If the 2 numbers obtained are both prime numbers, $80
are in the ratio 2 : 5 : 8. will be awarded. There is no reward for any other outcomes.
(a) If Nelson plays the game once, find the expected value of rewards he gets.
(b) If Nelson has to pay $10 for playing the game once, is the game favourable to him?

(3B11D030)
In a quiz, Julian needs to answer two multiple choice questions. There are 4 choices for each question and
only one choice is correct. 20 marks will be awarded for both answers correct and only
5 marks will be awarded for exactly one correct answer. When both answers are incorrect, he gets 0 mark.
If Julian answers by wild guess, find the expected marks that he gets in this quiz.
(a) Andy spins the lucky wheel once. Find the probability that the pointer stops in the ‘10 points’ region.
(b) What is the expected value of points obtained in one spin? (3B11D031)
(c) If Rita spins the lucky wheel 10 times, how many times do you expect the pointer to stop in the In a lucky draw, a participant needs to draw a ball from each of bag A and B. Bag A contains 2 white balls,
‘20 points’ region? 1 blue ball and 1 red ball. Bag B contains 1 white ball, 1 blue ball and 1 red ball. The prizes given to the
participants are as shown below.
(3B11D027) Balls drawn Prize Value of each prize
On a school day, Tom goes to school and returns home either by bus or on foot. The following table shows 2 white a pack of candies $5
- 107 -

the probabilities of his choices. 2 blue a comic book $15

Go by bus & Go by bus & Go on foot & Go on foot & 2 red a pair of socks $10
return by bus return on foot return by bus return on foot
Others no prize —
Probability 0.2 0.25 0.1 0.45
(a) Find the probabilities of drawing
(a) Find the expected number of times Tom travels by bus on a school day. (i) 2 white balls,
(b) If the bus fare for going to school is $3 while the bus fare for returning home is $2, find the expected (ii) 2 blue balls,
amount spent by Tom on the transport on a school day. (iii) 2 red balls.
(b) If David has to pay $5 for playing the lucky draw once, is the lucky draw favourable to him?
(3B11D028)
In a game, the rewards for hitting targets A, B, C, D and E are $50, $30, $10, $30 and $50 respectively.
Suppose that the probabilities for John to hit targets A, B, C, D and E are 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.2 and 0.1
respectively.
(a) Find the expected value of rewards John gets for playing the game once.
(b) If John has to pay $30 for playing the game once, is the game favourable to him?
 Level 3 Questions (3B11E003)
A game host designs a dartboard as shown in the figure. The dartboard is formed by 9 identical squares. A
(3B11E001) player throws a dart at random onto the dartboard and gets the amount of money indicated on the square
that the dart hits. It is given that a and b are positive integers with a > b.

$b $2 $b

$5 $a $5

$b $2 $b

Paul and Tina play a game of tic-tac-toe. In the figure, Paul’s moves are indicated by ‘’ and Tina’s moves A player has to pay $16 for each game. Suggest 2 pairs of values of a and b, such that the game is fair for
are indicated by ‘’. Suppose that they make their moves at random. both the host and the players.
(a) Suppose that it is Paul’s turn to make the next move. With the help of a tree diagram (use the
numbers 1, 2 and 3 as shown in the figure to indicate their moves.), find the probability that Paul (3B11E004)
wins.
(b) If you were Paul, which grid (1, 2 or 3) would you NOT place your next move to get a higher chance
of winning?
- 108 -

(3B11E002)
At the end of a training course, n trainees are selected at random to rate on the course. Their ratings are
summarized below, but the number of ratings for ‘Good’ cannot be read.
Rating Excellent Good Average Poor Very poor The figure shows a circular dartboard of diameter 40 cm. Two congruent triangles are drawn on the
Number of trainees 64 64 32 28 12 dartboard to form a square. 5 points and 3 points will be awarded for each dart hitting the grey region and
(a) If a trainee of the course is randomly chosen and the experimental probability that he/she rates the white region respectively, but 2 points will be deducted for each dart hitting the black region.
8 (a) If a dart is thrown at random and hits the dartboard,
course as excellent is , find the value of n.
25 (i) find the probability that it hits the grey region,
(b) On the next day, 140 trainees are selected at random and interviewed for their opinions on the course. (ii) find the expected value of points obtained in one throw.
Among these trainees, 28 have given their ratings before. Estimate the total number of trainees in the (b) A dart is thrown at random for 100 times. If it hits the dartboard every time, how many times do you
training course. expect it to hit the grey or the white regions?
(c) Estimate the total number of trainees in the training course who thinks that the course is above (Give your answers in terms of .)
average.
 (3B11E005) Multiple Choice Questions
In a chess competition, the finalists, A, B, C and D, compete for the champion through 2 rounds of games
as shown below. (3B11F001)
A dice is thrown. What is the probability of getting a number smaller than 3 or a number larger than 5?
1
A.
2
1
B.
3
2
C.
3
Assume that A always wins, B always beats C and D, and D always loses. If the prizes for the champion, 1
D.
first runner-up, second runner-up and third runner-up are $500, $300, $150 and $0 respectively, find the 6
expected value of the prize that each of the finalists gets.
(3B11F002)
There are 72 seats in a hall, of which 48 are occupied. If a seat in the hall is chosen at random, find the
probability of choosing an empty seat.
1
A.
4
- 109 -

1
B.
3
1
C.
2
2
D.
3

(3B11F003)
There are 4 red marbles, 1 green marble and 3 yellow marbles in a box. A marble is randomly drawn from
the box. What is the probability that the marble drawn is not yellow?
1
A.
2
1
B.
8
3
C.
8
5
D.
8
 (3B11F004) (3B11F007)
A number is randomly chosen from the password ‘19357713’, what is the probability of getting an odd Which of the following is an impossible event?
number? A. All the 10 children in Mr Tang’s family are boys.
A. 0 B. Toss 8 coins. 8 ‘tail’s show up.
1 C. Draw a card randomly from a pack of 52 playing cards. It is the King of clubs.
B.
4 D. Throw 2 dice. The product of the numbers is 7.
1
C.
2 (3B11F008)
D. 1 The following table shows the number of S3 students in a school who participated in Walks for Millions in
a certain year.
(3B11F005) Class 3A 3B 3C 3D
An integer between 35 and 54 inclusive is chosen at random. Find the probability that the integer is a Boys 12 8 7 15
prime number. Girls 13 10 7 18
1 If a student is chosen at random from the S3 participants, find the probability that he/she is from class 3B.
A.
4 4
A.
1 45
B.
5 1
B.
3 9
- 110 -

C.
10 1
C.
5 5
D.
19 1
D.
4
(3B11F006)
The bar chart shows the distribution of the mathematics examination Mathematics examination (3B11F009)
results of class 3B students. If a student is randomly chosen from class results of class 3B students The following shows the flavours and toppings available in a yogurt store.
3B, find the probability that he/she gets grade C or E in the examination. Flavours Toppings
2 Chocolate Banana
A.
45 Vanilla Marshmallow
1 Strawberry Nuts
B.
5 Coconut
2
C. Each customer can choose one flavour and one topping for a cup of yogurt. Find the possible number of
5
different cups of yogurt.
4
D. A. 7
9
B. 10
C. 12
D. 15
 (3B11F010) (3B11F013)
Mrs Lee has 3 children. Find the probability that exactly 2 of the children are boys. There are 2 multiple choice questions. Each question has four options, A, B, C and D, of which only one is
1 correct. Mabel selects the answers at random, find the probability that she answers at least one question
A.
2 correctly.
1 1
B. A.
4 4
3 3
C. B.
8 8
2 7
D. C.
3 16
1
D.
(3B11F011) 2
A letter is chosen at random from each of the words ‘MEN’ and ‘HEN’. Find the probability that the two
letters drawn are different. (3B11F014)
1 Two dice are thrown. Find the probability that the difference of the numbers is larger than 2.
A.
9 1
A.
1 2
B.
6 1
- 111 -

B.
2 3
C.
9 2
C.
7 3
D.
9 2
D.
9
(3B11F012)
Each of bag A and bag B contains 1 red ball and 2 blue balls. A ball is drawn at random from each bag. (3B11F015)
Find the probability that the two balls drawn are of the same colour. Rosa arranges the numbers ‘6’, ‘5’ and ‘1’ randomly to form a 3-digit number. Each number can be used
2 once only. Find the probability that the number formed is a multiple of 5.
A.
3 1
A.
4 6
B.
5 1
B.
4 3
C.
9 1
C.
5 4
D.
9 1
D.
2
 (3B11F016) (3B11F019)
The lucky wheel shown is a square. Find the probability that the pointer does not stop in the shaded region (a)The figure shows a rectangular dartboard with 4 identical circles of diameter 4 cm in it. If a dart is
if the wheel is spun. thrown at random and hits the dartboard, find the probability that the dart hits one of the circles.
1 
A. A.
4 6
1  8 cm
B. B.
2 12
2 
C. C.
3 24 12 cm
3 
D. D.
4 48

(3B11F017)
(3B11F020)
The figure shows a dartboard consisting of 12 squares of equal area, six of which are marked with
A dice is tossed 50 times. The results are recorded below:
numbers. Emily throws a dart randomly and hits the dartboard. What is the probability that the dart hits an
Number 1 2 3 4 5 6
even number?
Frequency x 10 6 8 9 10
1
A. Find the experimental probability of getting the number ‘1’.
2
A. 0
- 112 -

2
B. 3
3 B.
25
1
C. 7
4 C.
50
1
D. 4
3 D.
25

(3B11F018)
A dart is thrown at random onto the dartboard as shown. The radii of the 3 concentric circles on the
dartboard are 16 cm, 12 cm and 8 cm respectively. Find the probability that the dart hits one of the shaded
regions.
1
A.
2
1
B.
3
1
C.
4
1
D.
8
 (3B11F021) (3B11F024)
The following table shows the distribution of the ages of a group of participants in a tree planting activity. A survey is carried out to investigate the number of siblings of the students in a school. 150 students are
Age 11 – 20 21 – 30 31 – 40 41 – 50 51 or above randomly selected and interviewed. The results are as follows:
Number of participants 7 21 20 18 14 Number of siblings 0 1 2 3 4
Find the experimental probability that a participant is older than 40. Number of students 22 48 68 n 3
7 If there are 1800 students in the school, estimate the total number of students who has 3 siblings.
A.
40 A. 9
9 B. 40
B.
40 C. 108
1 D. 216
C.
10
2 (3B11F025)
D.
5 The figure shows a lucky wheel.

(3B11F022)
In a survey, the school bags of 12 000 pupils are weighed. Among them, 800 are overweight. If a pupil is
chosen at random, find the experimental probability that his/her school bag is not overweight.
1
- 113 -

A.
800
1
B. Jacqueline spins the lucky wheel once. Find the expected value of marks she gets.
15
14 3
A. 1
C. 4
15
1
2 B. 3
D. 2
3
1
C. 2
3
(3B11F023)
In a school, according to past records, the probability that a S6 student cannot enter a university is 0.2. If D. 2
there are 195 S6 students in the school this year, estimate the number of S6 students who cannot enter a
university this year.
A. 156
B. 98
C. 39
D. 38
 (3B11F026) (3B11F029)
The figure shows a lucky wheel. A dice is thrown 600 times. Find the expected number of times of getting a number less than 3.
A. 100
B. 150
C. 200
D. 300

(3B11F030)
A box contains 6 cards marked with the numbers –5, –1, 0, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Maggie draws a card
from the box at random, records its colour, and then puts the card back into the box. She repeats the
Adam spins the lucky wheel once. He can get the amount of money marked on the region where the process several times. Find the expected value of the number drawn each time.
pointer stops. Find the expected value of the amount he gets.
A. –2.5
A. $12 B. 0
B. $12.5 C. 1
C. $13.5 D. 1.5
D. $15
(3B11F031)
(3B11F027) A company sold out 10 000 lottery tickets for $5 each. If there is only one prize, which is worth $30 000,
- 114 -

Danny throws a dice. He can get 6 points if the number on the dice is greater than 4; otherwise, he gets no find the expected value of the prize obtained for each ticket.
points. Find the expected value of the points he gets.
A. $2
A. 4 B. $3
B. 3 C. $5
C. 2 D. $30 000
D. 1

(3B11F028)
Joseph has 6 $10-note, 8 $20-note and a $50-note in his pocket. If he takes a note at random from his
pocket, what is the expected value of amount he gets?
A. $15
B. $18
C. $20
2
D. $26
3
 5. Two dice are thrown. Find the probability of getting an even number
3B Chapter 11 Quiz and an odd number.

______________________________________________________
Introduction to Probability
6. Group A contains 2 boys and 1 girl, and group B contains 1 boy and
2 girls. A representative is randomly chosen from each of these two
groups. Find the probability that 1 boy and 1 girl are chosen.
Name: ______________________ Class: ____________ ( ) Result: ____________
______________________________________________________
Section A (10 marks)
(Working steps are NOT required in this section.) 7. The figure shows a circular dartboard of radius 15 cm. There are four
identical circles of area 9 cm2 drawn on the dartboard. If a dart is
1. A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 playing cards, find the thrown at random and hits the dartboard, find the probability that the
probability that a red face card is drawn. dart hits onea of the shaded regions.
180
b 20
______________________________________________________ c 40
d 60
______________________________________________________
2. An integer from 1 to 50 inclusive is chosen at random, find the e 60
probability that the integer is a multiple of 3.
8. The pie chart in the figure shows the distribution of the Countries visited by
______________________________________________________ a group of people
countries visited by a group of people during Easter. It is given
that the number of people visiting Thailand is twice as many as
- 115 -

3. A music playlist has 24 pop songs, 9 jazz songs and 6 classical songs. those visiting Australia. If a person is randomly chosen from the
Peter plays one of the songs at random, find the probability of Korea
group, find the probability that he/she visited Thailand in
playing a classical song. Easter. 60°
180°
______________________________________________________ Japan 60°
China

4. The figure shows the number of books borrowed by a class of

students in a library last week.
Number of books borrowed last week Thailand
Number of students

Australia
15
______________________________________________________
10
9. The following table shows the distribution of the amounts that
5 100 customers spent in a restaurant.
Amount $0 – $99 $100 – $199 $200 – $299 $300 or above
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Frequency 17 38 32 13
Number of books
If a customer is chosen at random, find the experimental probability
If a student is randomly chosen from the class, find the probability that he/she spent less than $200.
that he/she borrowed more than 3 books last week.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
 10. In a game of drawing balls from a bag which contains 5 balls of 12. A letter is chosen from each of the three words ‘one’, ‘of’ and ‘us’.
different colours. The points obtained in drawing balls of different (a) Use a tree diagram to list all the possible outcomes.
colours are as follows:
(b) Find the probabilities that
Colour Red Blue Green Yellow White (i) exactly two letters are vowels,
Points 4 2 1 –3 –2 (ii) at least one of the letter is ‘o’.
If a ball is drawn at random from the bag, find the expected value of (3 marks)
points obtained.

______________________________________________________

Section B (20 marks)

(Write your mathematical expressions, answers and statements/conclusions in the spaces provided.)

11. A company holds an annual dinner party. The following table shows the number of staff in each
department of the company.
Department Male Female
A 18 36
B 12 9
- 116 -

C 21 24
(a) A staff is chosen at random in department C to become the head of the organizing committee.
Find the probability that the head is a male.
(b) A staff is chosen at random from the company to become the secretary of the organizing
committee. Find the probability that the secretary is a female.
(c) A special prize will be given out in the lucky draw in the party. Find the probability that the
winner is not a staff in department A.
(5 marks)
 13. The table below shows the distribution of the means of travel to school by 100 students in a school. 14. In a game, three loaded coins are thrown once. For each head obtained, $20 will be awarded. The
Means of travel By bus By MTR On foot following table records the probabilities of getting different numbers of heads.
Number of students 4x + 10 30 2x Number of heads 0 1 2 3
(a) Find the value of x. Probability 0.12 0.32 0.44 0.12
(b) If a student is chosen at random, find the experimental probability that the student goes to (a) Find the expected value of the award a player gets in one game.
school by bus. (b) If a player has to pay $30 for playing the game once, is the game favourable to the player?
(c) If there are 900 students in the school, estimate the total number of students in the school who
(3 marks)
go to school by bus.
(3 marks)
- 117 -
 15. The figure shows a square dartboard with a circle and a square C
drawn inside. Tom throws a dart onto the dartboard at random
and hits the dartboard. Find the probabilities of hitting B

(a) zone A, A
(b) zone B, 7 cm

(c) zone C.
28 cm
 22 
 Take π  . 42 cm
 7 
(6 marks)
- 118 -

~ End of Quiz ~