RESPIRATORY SYSTEM • Divided into two halves by the nasal septum ✓ Laryngopharynx – bottom section of

• Contains paranasal sinuses where air is pharynx where the respiratory tract
• Also called as Pulmonary System divides into the esophagus and the
warmed.
• Consists of several organs that function as a larynx.
• Contains Cilia which is responsible for
whole to oxygenate the body through the
filtering out foreign bodies.
process of respiration (breathing). 5. LARYNX
• This process involves inhaling air and 2. NASAL CAVITY
• Voice box is a short somewhat cylindrical
conducting it to the lungs where gas
• Contains cells which release mucus that airway ends in the trachea.
exchange occurs, in which oxygen is
contains Lysozymes which kills bacteria. • Connects pharynx to trachea.
extracted from the air, and carbon dioxide
• contain three bony projections called nasal • Composed of three large cartilage pieces—
expelled from the body.
conchae (superior, middle and inferior), the thyroid cartilage (anterior), epiglottis
• The respiratory tract has two major divisions:
which increase the surface area of the nasal (superior), and cricoid cartilage (inferior).
the upper respiratory tract and the lower
cavity. • Epiglottis - This flap of skin covers the
respiratory tract.
opening of the larynx which keeps food and
• Upper Respiratory Tract: nose, nasal cavity, 3. PARANASAL SINUSES other particles from getting into respiratory
paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx.
• are four paired: Frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, system.
• Lower Respiratory Tract: trachea, bronchi,
sphenoidal sinus, and ethmoidal sinus. • Produces sound.
bronchioles, and the lungs.
• air-filled cavities found inside bones of the LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM FUNCTIONS skull.
• mucous membrane and respiratory - conduction and gas exchange
• Supplies the body with oxygen and disposes
of carbon dioxide epithelium that lines both the nasal cavity and
6. TRACHEA
the paranasal sinuses traps any harmful
• Filters inspired air
particles, dust or bacteria • A flexible tube also called windpipe.
• Contains receptors for smell
• lighten the skull and amplify sound of voice. • Extends from the larynx to the bronchial
• Rids the body of some excess water and heat
tubes.
• pH homeostasis 4. PHARYNX
• is formed by 16 to 20 stacked, C-shaped
• Vocalization
• Common pathway for air and food pieces of hyaline cartilage that are connected
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT • Tube that delivers air from your mouth and by dense connective tissue. The
nose to the trachea (windpipe).
- Most of the upper respiratory tract is lined with the 7. BRONCHI
• Three sections of pharynx:
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, also
✓ Nasopharynx – contains the • are the two large tubes that carry air from
known as the respiratory epithelium.
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) which your windpipe to your lungs.
- Conduction, filtration, humidification and warming aid in the body’s immune defense.
8. BRONCHIOLES
of inhaled air. ✓ Oropharynx – back portion of the
mouth that contains palatine tonsils • Small branches of the bronchial tubes that
1. NOSE
which aid in the body’s immune lead to the alveoli.
• Also called external nares defense.
9. ALVEOLI

• Grape-like structures at the end of the

bronchi.
• Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange
of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
• Surrounded by a jacket of capillaries.
• The capillaries absorb oxygen into the blood,
where it is then delivered to all cells.
10. LUNGS

• Main respiratory organ.

• Right lung – have 3 lobes: upper, middle, and
lower lobe.
• Left lung – have 2 lobes – upper and lower
lobe.
• The lungs are surrounded by the pleura, a
membrane with two layers.
• The space between these two layers is called
the pleural cavity.
• A slippery liquid called pleural fluid acts as a
lubricant to reduce friction during breathing.
*Diaphragm - an involuntary muscle that controls
breathing. Helps your lungs pull in air and push it
out.
INSPIRATION/INHALATION

• The diaphragm contracts (gets smaller)

allowing for the ribs and lungs to open/rises,
the pressure in lungs decrease, thereby
pulling air in.
EXPIRATION/EXHALATION

• The process is reverse, the diaphragm

relaxes, ribs and lungs close/lowers, the
pressure in lungs increase, forcing air out of
the lungs.