Welcome!

Thank you for purchasing our AZ-Delivery HC-SR501 PIR Module. On the
following pages, we will introduce you to how to use and set-up this handy
device.

Have fun!
 Table of Contents

Introduction 3
Features 4
Adjusting hardware features 7
Specifications 9
The pinout 10
How to set-up Arduino IDE 11
How to set-up the Raspberry Pi and Python 16
Connecting the module with ATmega328p microcontroller 17
Sketch example 17
Connecting the module with Raspberry Pi 21
Python script 22
 Introduction

The HC-SR501 PIR module is a device which can detect change in the
infrared light. For example a human activity when is in the scanning range of
the module. The module is based on infrared technology and uses
pyroelectric passive infrared sensor, PIR for short. It consist of a pyroelectric
sensor and few aditional electronic components. To increase the sensing
angle a lense is used to focus surrounding light.

When the crystalline element is exposed to the infrared light, the output
voltage is changed directly with the infrared light intensity. The voltage output
from the sensor is in range of mV. This voltage get amplified via the on-board
amplifier so that the microcontroller can use it.

The module is equipped with a so-called Fresnel lense which is a special kind
of filter that focuses the infrared emissions onto the sensor.

The module can be used with various types of devices such as light devices,
intercoms, electric fans, and other home devices. It is widely used in homes,
enterprises, hotels, stores, sensitive areas where light automation and
security systems are needed.

It has a high sensitivity, high reliability and ultra-low-voltage operation. - 3 -

 Features

• Automatic induction
• Photosensitive control
• Temperature compensation
• Two way trigger
• Induction blocking time
• Wide operating voltage range
• Micro power consumption
• High signal output

The Automatic induction feature turns the output HIGH when object is in the
sensing range. When the object is out of the sensing range the output is in
LOW state.

The Photosensitive control feature is used to detect day or night. This

feature is not set by default.

The Temperature compensation is a feature which can be used in the

summertime when ambient temperature is higher. In these situations the
detection range is slightly shorter. Compensation has to be used to adjust
better detection performance.
The Two way trigger feature has two modes which can be set by the on
board jumper. The first mode is called non-repeatable trigger. In this mode,
when the output is in the HIGH state after some delay the output is
automatically changed to LOW state. The second mode is called repeatable
trigger. If there is activity in the sensing range, the output remains in HIGH
state until the objects leave the scanning range. When delay period ends,
the output changes its state to LOW if there is no activity in the sensing
range. The output of detected activity is prolonged because of the preset
delay.

The Induction blocking time feature has a block delay between two
measurements. The default measure delay is 2.5s. The value of this delay
can be set with value from range of 0s up to a few tens of seconds. During
the delay, sensor data can not be read.

The Micropower consumption feature is suitable for battery-powered

devices and automatic control products. This feature puts the module in the
stand-by mode. In this mode current consumption is less than 50µA.

The Output high signal feature enables an easy integration with various
types of circuits. With 3.3V at the output pin, it is easily interfaced with other
devices.
 Adjusting hardware features

The HC-SR501 module has two trimpots, T1 and T2. The trimpot T1 is used
to adjust sensitivity and the trimpot T2 is used to adjust output timing delay.

The jumper J1 is used for temperature compesation settings.

To use the module with a 3.3V there is a simple mod which bypasses the
on-board voltage regulator. The purpose of this mod is to enable the
module to work with the devices that only have 3.3 V power supply pins.
To use the module in this mod simply remove the jumper J1 and connect
the power supply cable to the H pin (pin 1 of J1).

There are two trimpots on-board the module and they are used for
sensitivity and delay adjustment. Sensitivity adjustment can be done by
rotating the trimpot T1 clockwise (CW) where distance sensing range
increases to around 7 meters. Rotating the trimpot T1 counter clockwise
(CCW), reduces the distance sensing range to about 3 meters. Delay
adjustment is done by rotating the trimpot T2 clockwise which increases the
delay time up to 300 seconds and by rotating the trimpot counter clockwise,
it shortens the delay to about 5 seconds.

When the sensor module is powered up, it needs one minute to get
operational. This is called initializtion time interval. In this interval, the
module outputs singal 0-3 time and after this interval in enters the stan-by
mode.

Other light sources should be avoided when working with the module. This
is because it can cause interference if close to the module. The working
envoronment of the module should be without wind because it can cause
temperature differences which interferes with the measurements.
 Specifications

Power supply voltage: 5V DC

Operational temperature: from -15 to +70℃
Lock time: 200 milliseconds
Sensing range: 110 degrees
Sensing distance: up to 7 meters
Block time: from 2.5sec. (default) up to 10 sec.
Trigger methods: L - disable, H - enable repeat trigger
TTL output: LOW – 0V, HIGH – 3.3V (logic levels)
Quiescent current: less than 50µA
Power consumption: 65mA
Lens diameter: 23mm
Dimensions: 33 x 25 x 30mm [1.3 x 1 x 1.2in]

The delay time determines how long the module keeps the output HIGH
after detecting motion.

The block time is the time interval where the sensor is disabled or do not
detect motion. The default block time for the sensor is 2.5 seconds.
 The pinout

The HC-SR501 PIR module has a three pins. The pinout is shown on the
following image:

Note: Prefered operating power supply voltage range is 5V. The output
voltage on the digital pin is in 3.3V range.

Note: When the module is connected to the power supply, the sensor takes
from 30 up to 60 seconds to warm up, stabilize.
 How to set-up Arduino IDE

If the Arduino IDE is not installed, follow the link and download the
installation file for the operating system of choice.

For
Windows users, double click on the downloaded .exe file and follow the
instructions in the installation window.
For Linux users, download a file with the extension .tar.xz, which has to be
extracted. When it is extracted, go to the extracted directory and open the
terminal in that directory. Two .sh scripts have to be executed, the first
called arduino-linux-setup.sh and the second called install.sh.

To run the first script in the terminal, open the terminal in the extracted
directory and run the following command:
sh arduino-linux-setup.sh user_name
user_name - is the name of a superuser in the Linux operating system. A
password for the superuser has to be entered when the command is
started. Wait for a few minutes for the script to complete everything.

The second script called install.sh script has to be used after installation of
the first script. Run the following command in the terminal (extracted
directory): sh install.sh

After the installation of these scripts, go to the All Apps, where the Arduino
IDE is installed.
Almost all operating systems come with a text editor preinstalled (for
example, Windows comes with Notepad, Linux Ubuntu comes with Gedit,
Linux Raspbian comes with Leafpad, etc.). All of these text editors are
perfectly fine for the purpose of the eBook.

Next thing is to check if your PC can detect the microcontroller board. Open
freshly installed Arduino IDE, and go to:
Tools > Board > {your board name here}
{your board name here} should be the Microcontroller/Genuino Uno, as it
can be seen on the following image:

The port to which the board is connected has to be selected. Go to: Tools >
Port > {port name goes here}
and when the microcontroller board is connected to the USB port, the port
name can be seen in the drop-down menu on the previous image.
If the Arduino IDE is used on Windows, port names are as

follows:

For Linux users, for example port name is /dev/ttyUSBx, where x represents
integer number between 0 and 9.
 How to set-up the Raspberry Pi and Python

For the Raspberry Pi, first the operating system has to be installed, then
everything has to be set-up so that it can be used in the Headless mode.
The Headless mode enables remote connection to the Raspberry Pi,
without the need for a PC screen Monitor, mouse or keyboard. The only
things that are used in this mode are the Raspberry Pi itself, power
supply and internet connection. All of this is explained minutely in the
free eBook:
Raspberry Pi Quick Startup Guide

The Raspbian operating system comes with Python preinstalled.

Connecting the module with ATmega328p microcontroller

Connect the HC-SR501 PIR module with the ATmega328p as shown on the
following connection diagram:
 PIR pin MC pin Wire color

VCC 5V Red wire

OUT D2 Blue wire

GND GND Black wire

Sketch example

#define OUT_PIN 2
uint8_t output_value = 0;
bool motion_detected = false;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(OUT_PIN, INPUT);
delay(60000);
}
void loop() {
output_value = digitalRead(OUT_PIN); if
(output_value) {
Serial.println("Object detected!"); motion_detected
= true;
delay(3000);
} else {
Serial.println("No object!");
}
if (motion_detected) {
Serial.println("Wait!");
delay(6000);
Serial.println("Ready...");
motion_detected = false;
}
}

Upload the sketch to the ATmega328p and run the Serial Monitor (Tools >
Serial Monitor). The result should look like as on the following image:
Sketch starts with creating a macro called OUT_PIN. It represents the
digital output pin of ATmega328p that is used for connecting the sensor
output pin.

Next, two variables called output_value and motion_detected are created.

The variable output_value store the state of the output pin. The
motion_detected variable is used for displaying the messages in the serial
monitor.
In the setup() function the serial communication is started with a baud rate
of 9600bps. Then the pin mode of the OUT_PIN is set to INPUT. At the end
of the setup() function the delay is set to 60s (60.000ms) which is used for
warm up of the sensor.

In the loop() function the state of the OUT_PIN is read and checked. If it is
in HIGH state, the message Object detected! is displayed in the serial
monitor and the state of the motion_detected variable is set to true. If the
value of OUT_PIN is in LOW state, message No object! is displayed in the
serial monitor. When the value stored in the motion_detected variable is
equal to true, the message Wait!, followed by delay of six seconds, is
displayed in the serial monitor. After this, the message Ready... is displayed
in the serial monitor.

Connecting the module with Raspberry Pi

Connect the HC-SR501 PIR module with the Raspberry Pi as shown on the
following connection diagram:
RTC pin Raspberry Pi Physical Wire color
pin pin

VCC 5V 2 Red wire

OUT GPIO14 8 Blue wire

GND GND 6 Black wire

 Python script

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

import time
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setwarnings(False)
PIR_PIN = 4 # Assign GPIO4 pin 7 to PIR
GPIO.setup(PIR_PIN, GPIO.IN) # Setup GPIO pin PIR as input print('Sensor
initializing . . .')
time.sleep(60) # Give sensor time to start-up, 60 seconds print('Active')

def pir(pin):
print('Motion Detected!')

GPIO.add_event_detect(4, GPIO.FALLING, callback=pir, bouncetime=100)

print('[Press Ctrl + C to end program!]')

try:
while True:
time.sleep(0.001)

except KeyboardInterrupt:
print('\nScript ended')

finally:
GPIO.cleanup()
Save the script by name pir.py. To run the script, open terminal in the
directory where you save the script and run the following command:
python3 pir.py

The result should look like the output on the following image:

To end the script press ‘CTRL + C’ on the keyboard.

The script starts with importing two libraries, Rpi.GPIO and time.

Then, the GPIO pin names are set to BCM and all warnings regarding
GPIO interfaces are disabled.

Next, the pin mode of the GPIO pin 4 is set to input, followed by the delay of
60 seconds for warm up of the sensor.

After this, the function called pir() is created. The function has one argument
and returns no value. The argument is not used in the script so it is not
explained. In the function the message Motion Detected! is set to be
displayed on the function execution.

The interrupt routine is set with the following line of code:

GPIO.add_event_detect(4, GPIO.FALLING, callback=pir, bouncetime=100)

Where number 4 represents the GPIO pin; GPIO.FALLING represents on

which edge of the digital signal the pir() function is executed, in this case on
falling edge of the digital signal; callback=pir sets which function is executed
on the falling edge of the signal; bouncetime=100 represents how long is
the pause between the falling edge and the beginning of the function
execution, in this case it is 100 milliseconds. With this pause the bouncing
part of the signal is skipped and only the state of the singal after bouncing is
read.
Next, the try-except-finally block of code is created. In the try block of code
the indefinite loop is created where a pause of 100 microseconds is
created, so that the loop itself does not block the Raspberry Pi.

The except block of code is executed when the ‘CTRL + C’ on the keyboard
is pressed. This is called keyboard interrupt. When the except block of code
is executed, the message Script end! is displayed in the terminal.

The finally block of code is executed on the script end. In this block of code
all of the interfaces and pin modes that are previously set up are desabled
with executing the cleanup() function.
Now it is the time to learn and make your own projects. You can do that with
the help of many example scripts and other tutorials, which can be found on
the Internet.

If you are looking for high quality microelectronics and accessories,

AZ-Delivery Vertriebs GmbH is the right company to get them from.
You will be provided with numerous application examples, full
installation guides, eBooks, libraries and assistance from our
technical experts.

https://az-delivery.de
Have Fun!
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