Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter constitutes the related literature and studies made

regarding technologies and mobile applications as a learning material for

students which are imperative as to give a general overview of the

relationship between these variables and what does other researches and

study found out about this. The first part of this chapter discussed the

advancement of technology and how it affects people with their lives while

the second part is how mobile applications affect the learning of students in

school. To further explain our research topic, this part is composed of studies

focused on (1) Advancement of technology, (2) Mobile applications as a

learning material, and (3) Advantages and disadvantages of mobile

application as a learning material.

Advancement of technology and how it affects people

 ChildHope (2021) technology is improving so fast that so many

companies and organization are trying to give the people more advanced

technology and applications. Technologies are now the thing students can use

to continue their education during the quarantine in this covid-19 pandemic.

Free mobile devices are given to students who don’t have the privilege to buy

their own. Also the Department of Education is airing in televisions to still

give children education. Smartphones now are becoming necessary on the

lives of people.

Gorra and Bhati (2016) technology in the classroom can be a nuisance

in the learning of the students and to the teachers. Current state of the

Philippines in using technology inside the classroom focuses on the

effectiveness of e-learning. The study about the use of technology in learning

identifies the consequences of using technology inside the classroom in higher

education. The positive consequences observed were the communication

inside the classroom like the chatting and the lesson inquiry. The negative

consequences observed were the disruption of the classes because the

students are accessing social media websites, playing games, and playing

music. Overall, the use of technology helps in enhancing learning inside the

classroom.

Lytridis and Tsinakos (2017) technology is extremely useful and

important in people’s daily lives. It has also made communication much

easier than ever before. The introduction of modified and advanced

innovations in phones and their applications has made it much easier to

connect with people. Furthermore, technology has not only transformed our

professional world but has also had a significant impact on household life.

Furthermore, most of the technology that people use today is generally

automatic in comparison to what people use back in the day. Because of

advancements in technology, the entertainment industry now has more

techniques to provide with a more realistic real-time experience.

On the other hand, technology provides users with benefits or

advantages, but it also has some drawbacks. These drawbacks or

disadvantages have a negative impact on the significance of technology.

Unemployment is one of the most visible problems that everyone can see.

Machines have replaced human labor in many sectors as a result of overuse

and over-involvement of technology, resulting in unemployment.

Furthermore, certain physiological research teams have demonstrated

their drawbacks. Because of the prevalence of social media applications such

as Facebook, Whatsapp, Twitter, and Instagram, actual isolation has

increased dramatically. Finally, it leads to an increase in cases of loneliness

and depression among children. Children's intelligence and creativity have

suffered as a result of humans' reliance on technology. Furthermore, in

today's world, technology is very important; however, if people use it

negatively, the technology becomes negative.

Mobile applications as a learning material

Cherry (2020) stated that most students, time is limited, it's critical to

squeeze the most educational value out of the time they have. However,

learning speed is not the only factor to consider. Students must be able to

retain material accurately, recollect it at a later time, and apply it effectively

in a wide range of settings. It takes time to become a successful and efficient

student, but putting a handful of these principles into everyday practice can

help students get more out of their study time.

O’brien (2021) stated that the new standard in education is mobile

learning. Every day, new mobile learning application is released, delivering

high-quality content to students and professionals wishing to upgrade or

learn new skills. Because mobile education is the future of education, it's

important to use the mobile-first approach, which focuses on delivering

solution for mobile consumers first. People wants to make a mobile learning

app that keeps users interested in what they're teaching them and

encourages them to study more. Also, mobile learning apps are a terrific use

of online learning technology that can lead to genuine improvement for users;

because of the technology we have now, it can be a significant advantage for

students.
 Pundir (2020) with the advancement of education in today's culture,

legislators, teachers, and parents are devising new ways for children to learn

and maximize their potential through the use of technology. In schools, the

use of technology has nearly become a requirement. Outside of the classroom,

however, there are additional options, such as instructional apps. Today,

education entails preparing a child for the future. Learning is broad and

versatile with educational applications, and it caters to children of all ages

and skills. Students should concentrate on subject-oriented study, according

to educational research specialists. Gone are the days when getting a decent

education meant spending a lot of money. In today's world, even middle-class

families may buy cellphones with mobile application capabilities. A great

education is no longer unattainable. Math, reading, writing, and even other

languages are among the areas covered by educational apps. These apps work

on a variety of devices, including tablets and smartphones, and can be readily

downloaded from the Google Play store.

Nguyen (2020) according to research, education should be enjoyable,

motivating, and inspiring so that students enjoy learning skills that could

help them build a successful future. A Quiz app is one example of a learning

app that can make studying more enjoyable. Quiz applications may make

even the most boring sessions more enjoyable for both teachers and students.

Some of the advantages of a quiz app for students include that when they

take a quiz with that app, they get immediate results because it provides
immediate, real-time feedback. While there are certain advantages to using a

quiz app for teachers, like the fact that it saves time and allows them to mark

exams and provide feedback on students' strengths and weaknesses right

away. Another advantage is that professors can make quizzes at any time

and from any location. Quizzes are conducted online, so students and

teachers can respond to questions and conduct quizzes from anywhere.

Ewais, A., Hodrob, R., Maree, M., and Jaradat, S., (2021). mobile

learning can bring a new way of teaching students about a variety of subjects.

Furthermore, compared to traditional learning resources, mobile learning has

several advantages. One of the many benefits of mobile learning is that it

allows students to interact with learning materials, visualize various

learning ideas, and learn whenever and wherever they want.

Fernández-Lao, C., Cantarero-Villanueva, I., Galiano-Castillo, N. et

al., (2016) because of the rapid advancement of technology in our culture,

mobile learning (m-learning) has become increasingly popular in education.

Mobile applications' capabilities should be exploited to improve the

educational process. Only a few mobile applications have been created to help

physiotherapy students learn physical therapy skills. These findings imply

that an m-learning program can be used as a supplement to traditional

teaching to help undergraduate physiotherapy students gain abilities in

ultrasound and shoulder palpation.

The advantages and disadvantages of mobile application as a

learning material.

According to Pete McCain (2019) educational apps can provide

systematic and smart learning, wherein the knowledge is arranged in a

systematical way that students can follow easily. Mobile apps for education

also saves students from buying learning materials from shops and libraries,

learning apps grants students to read the study material in just a few clicks.

Students can also discover various types of learning materials with the help

of educational apps. Mobile learning apps also provide convenience when it

comes to its availability as it can be accessed anytime that helps students in

their self-learning. These learning apps provide smooth interaction with

peers and better learning experience, the merging of education and

technology is a positive step-up for the better experience and engagement of

students in learning. There are different advantages and disadvantages

using the Mobile apps as a learning material. The advantages are, 1st this is

a new learning method and there are fun games available on the mobile apps

that makes the students into a healthy thought process and help them

understand things in different perspective. 2nd It is easier to study because

there are library apps and book online, these apps makes it easy for the

student to search the appropriate study material in the mobile application.

 Gautam (2018) the disadvantages are, 1st there are different software

issues that can come by, software issues could make the software hard to use

and to crash that interrupts the smooth mobile learning experience. 2nd are

distractions, there are a lot of distractions on mobile learning since many

students are influenced to open different social media websites, apps, that

allows users to chat or to play video games with friends.

Naiya Sharma (2019) the world has witnessed a revolutionary way to

impart education with the invention of mobile educational apps. Mobile apps

give us access to infinite information and data. It is more convenient and

more effective than the usual traditional approach. The students today are

fully equipped with an enhanced understanding of their subject. It is hard for

teachers to understand where each student is in terms of total knowledge

when there are about twenty to thirty pupils in the class. The apps can assist

learners in receiving the individualized attention they require. It can also

provide them with up-to-date information seeing that education changes

every day as new knowledge is added in. These educational apps serve as

aides to learners to widen their knowledge and increase their credibility.

Students can also easily access knowledge 24/7 with the help of mobile

learning apps that serves as the way for learners to continue studying, even if

there are confusions related to a certain topic, you can get in touch with

learning facilitators easily. Educational apps make the process of studying

easier for learners as these apps does not only provide education, it also
enhances the entire education system. Students can now easily track lectures

and keep themselves updated in the curriculum with the help of mobile apps,

their burdens have decreased seeing that they can easily access different

subjects through an app. There is no hierarchy education system when it

comes to learning with an app, learners can even learn things from higher

standards if they want. These educational apps aren't only making the

education system improve but are also making the learners smarter.

Synthesis of the Review of Related Literatureand Studies

The review of related literature and studies greatly helped the

researchers understand the use of technology and mobile applications as a

learning material for students and also non-students. With the wide range of

reading relevant studies, the researchers were able to develop a thought

about the study.

Reasonably, variety of studies contributed to present study, especially

Authors ChildHope, Lytridis and Tsinakos, Cherry, O’brien, Pundir, Nguyen,

Ewais, A., Hodrob, R., Maree, M., and Jaradat, S., Fernández-Lao, C.,

Cantarero-Villanueva, I., Galiano-Castillo, N. et al., McCain, Gautam, and

Sharma stated that technologies and mobile applications are good for the

students to learn more. Educational Mobile applications can give more

knowledge to students and even entertain them to reduce the stress and
fatigue they are feeling. Finally, they stated that there is a significant

relationship between the improvement of learning capabilities of the students

and the educational mobile applications.

In contrast, Gorra and Bhati identified technology in classroom as a

nuisance. They stated that it will be a disruption when the teacher is

discussing. They found out that technology inside the classroom is not just a

positive thing, it can also be negative. The result of their study found out

those positive and negative consequences of having technology inside the

classroom.

There are similarities and differences between present and the

reviewed studies that have been noted. Although, the present study differs

only in its research environment, time, element and its subjects. The

researchers perceived that recognize that educational mobile application

affects students more positively. The reviewed studies did not focus on a

single topic when it comes to their educational application, but this study

focuses on one subject namely Science. Studies about the relationship

between educational application and the performance in science of students

in Rizal High School is rare, thus it is essential to conduct this research to

further understand the problem, specifically in Rizal High School.

 And so this research serves as support of a starting study focusing on

the relationship between educational mobile applications and the grades and

performance of Grade 12 STEM students in Science in Rizal High School.

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