Sailing Knots

These knots could prove to be some of your best sailing companions. They
need ample practice so that you can tie them perfectly and quickly when you
need them. Your rope handling skills would come handy whenever you need to
tie knots for mooring, anchoring, securing cargo, managing sails, preparing for a
storm, towing another vessel, decorative purposes, etc. It helps if you take note
of the pros and cons of the popular sailing knots. You should use ropes that can
be used repeatedly and can be untied easily. The emphasis here is on reliability,
safety and convenience.
 Essential Knots to Know for Sailing

Bowline Knot
Definition
The bowline (pronunciation “boh-lin”) is a knot that can itself be
tied at the middle of a rope making a fixed, secure loop at the end
of the line. It retains about 60% of the line strength and has a knot
efficiency of 77%. You can learn this basic knot taught at ranger
Bowline Knot
schools by the aid of the below printable diagram with
instructions.

History and Etymology

The use of its name (sometimes spelled as two separate words, bow line) dates
back to the Age of Sail (1571-1862, approximately). At that time, it referred to a
rope on a square-rigged ship that held the edge of a square sail towards the
bow and into the wind protecting it from sudden unexpected movements. The
knot, as we know it now, was first mentioned in 1961 in the book A Sea
Grammar by John Smith. Its discovery on the rigging of a solar ship belonging to
the Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu, during an excavation in 1954 testifies its ancient
origin.
 How to Tie a Bowline Knot

How to Tie a Bowline Knot

Tips
1. The tying procedure can be remembered by the bunny mnemonic where the
loop made in step 1 is imagined as a rabbit hole, the standing part as a tree
trunk and the tag end, a rabbit. While tying, the bunny comes up the hole, goes
round the tree and back down the hole. You can teach it to children with the
poem, “Up through the rabbit hole, round the big tree; down through the rabbit
hole and off goes he.”
2. It can be tied with one hand, in case you are injured or have other issues.
3. It is dangerous to load the knot sideways as it may lead to slippage while
rappelling, etc.
4. In step 1, the end is passed through the loop in a way resembling the making of
an overhand knot.
5. You can interlock the loops of two bowlines to join two ropes. The sheet
bend can also do the same, but temporarily.
6. It can be tied in the slip knot method where the standing part is passed through
the loop of step 1, instead of the tag end, forming a bight through which the end
is passed and pulled tight. This quicker version is known as the snap bowline.

Types of Bowline Knots

1. Spanish bowline knot – The rescue knot creates two loops.
2. French bowline knot – Also known as the Portuguese bowline, it forms two
loops that are adjustable in size, unlike the Spanish bowline. It is used in
making a temporary Bosun’s chair.
3. Running bowline knot – Forms a sliding loop.
4. Double bowline knot – It is a basic bowline with an extra turn around the
bight made in step 3.
5. Triple bowline knot – Forms three loops that can be fastened to multiple anchor
points.
6. Water bowline knot – It is a bowline with an extra half hitch.
7. Bowline on a bight – It is made with a bight of rope.
8. Yosemite bowline – It is a bowline locked with a Yosemite finish.
9. Bowline on a coil knot – For attaching tag lines to litters in both vertical and
horizontal configurations.
10.Left-handed bowline – In this variation, the tag end is wrapped in the opposite
direction around the standing part as shown in step 2. It is also known by the
names Dutch bowline (owing to its use by the Dutch navy) and cowboy bowline.
11.Eskimo bowline – The tag end is wrapped around a part of the bigger loop
instead of the standing end that helps it from being shaken loose, a weakness
of the standard bowline.
 Advantages Disadvantages
• If there is a load in the
standing end, it cannot be tied
• It does not slip or bind under or untied. Hence, it should be
load avoided in that case.
• Fast and easy to tie and untie• Its ease of untying makes it
• Does not jam unsuitable for mountain and
rock climbing. It should be tied
with a stopper knot (double
overhand) when used for such
purposes.

Uses
1. To tie a mooring line around a tree, post, pole, anchor, ring, ladder, or any other
object.
2. Boating, sailing (for example, tying a jib sheet to the clew of a jib), fishing.
3. It is thrown and tied around the waist for rescue operations, firefighting.
4. By boy scouts, linemen.
5. For attaching soft strings to a banjo, tree climbing, hanging hammocks using
guy lines, tying a horse safely, connecting a handle line to a kite.

How to Tie a Bowline Knot Step by Step

1.Pass the tag end through the rope loop
2.Pass it behind the standing part and through the loop again
3.Hold the loop and tag end and pull to tighten
4.The knot is made
Alternatives
1.Figure 8 follow through – More secure.
2.Clove hitch – Weaker.
Similar Knot
1.Flying bowline knot – It is a quick and easy knot that is used in rescue
operations.

Figure 8 Knot
The figure 8 knot also known as the Flemish knot is a type of
stopper knot that helps in climbing and sailing by not allowing
the tag ends of ropes to slip out of the retaining devices. While
Figure 8 Knot
climbing, you can also use it as a hitch. Having an efficiency of
about 80%, it is the basis of many other complicated knots used for the purpose
of rock climbing like the figure 8 bend, figure 8 on a bight, figure 8 follow
through, double figure 8 knot, etc.
How to Tie a Figure 8 Knot

How to Tie a Figure 8 Knot

Tips
1. The easy knot can be even made in a one-handed technique
 Variation
Double Figure 8 Knot – A simple figure of eight knot with 2 double loops creates
this modified version.

Advantages Disadvantages
• Less prone to failure
• Not being a very strong knot
• Easy and quick to tie and suits light applications
untie
Uses
1. In rescue
2. Boating
3. Backs up the figure 8 follow through enabling attachment to a climbing harness
4. For maintaining and growing long horse tails
5. In lashing
6. In macramé jewelry
7. Forms beautiful necklace and wedding ring patterns
8. To make decorative napkin rings
9. In paracord bracelets
10.Forms the eternity symbol in feng shui
11.Aids in hanging a child’s swing

How to Tie a Figure 8 Knot Step by Step

1.Make a loop with an end
2.Now pass the end through it
3.Pull both sides to adjust the knot
4.The finished knot resembles an “8”
Alternative
Overhand knot – The figure of 8 knot jams under strain like the overhand knot
but it can be untied more easily.
 Square (Reef) Knot
What is a Square Knot: Definition
The square knot can join 2 ropes of the same size. It is the first
knot we learn to make with our shoelaces. It looks like a bow
and is hugely unreliable. Its breaking strength is only 45% of the Square (Reef) Knot
line strength. This leads surgeons to add an extra turn to the
first half knot. The simple and ancient binding knot is also known by the names
Hercules, Herakles, flat, and reef knots. It helps to secure a line or rope around
an object. It creates unique designs of jewelry.
History
It dates back to 1794 and was commonly used in reefing and furling sails,
earning it its name. The name square knot, on the other hand, has been around
since 1841 according to contemporary maritime books.

How to Tie a Square (Reef) Knot

How to Tie a Square (Reef) Knot

Tips
1. After the knot is made, the tag ends should lie on the same side of the knot. If
they don’t, you might just have made the thief knot, a highly inferior version.
2. A half hitch can be added at each end of the knot to dress and secure it.
3. Since the friction of the 2 rope ends holds it together, it is not suited for nylon
ropes.
Variations
1. Half square knot- Popular in macramé, it utilizes only the first step of the
diagram.
2. Double square knot- In macramé, you have to work with 8 strands of rope
instead of 4.

Advantages Disadvantages
It slips and comes undone. Hence
Easy and quick to tie
should not be used as a bend.
Only suited for light duty. Unsafe
Elegant for tying or binding heavy loads
and life-saving.
Square Knot v/s Other Knots
1. Sheet bend– A more secure alternative. Can be used with lines of unequal
diameters.
2. Slip knot– Forms a loop and a stronger knot.
3. Surgeon’s knot– The modified version adds an extra twist to the first throw
forming a double overhand knot.
4. Fisherman’s knot– A proper bend that is strong.
Uses
1. Making friendship or other bracelets and necklaces of hemp, paracord, elastic
or any other cord, embroidery floss, even leather. It can be used for adjustable
closures and clasps in bracelets.
2. In macramé patterns (some use an alternating square knot and square knot
button pattern) for necklaces, chains, bracelets, sinnets, plant hangers.
3. As a religious symbol on the award patch of the BSA adult Boy Scout uniforms.
The Arrow of Light, the highest Cub Scouting award also bears this emblem. It
is also used by girl scouts and in scout games.
4. Tying neckerchiefs and neckerchief slides in navy uniforms, karate belts,
baseball gloves, triangular bandages, webbing, handkerchiefs, bandanas.
5. As a substitute for cargo straps.
6. Making bows (ribbons are good for these) on dresses, etc.
7. In surgical sutures, beadwork, electrical wire splice, logos and hair braids.
8. Camping.
9. Pioneering.
10.Knitting.
11.Joining crochet yarn.
12.In magic tricks.
13.Making no-sew fleece blankets, napkin rings, headbands.
14.Securing things to a horse’s saddle.
15.In rappel seats, they are tied with overhand safeties.

How to Tie a Square (Reef) Knot Step by Step

1.Cross the blue and red ends
2.Pass the red end through the blue loop
3.Pull the ends to tighten
4.The knot is complete
Similar Knot
1.Granny knot– Inferior

Clove Hitch
What Is It?
It is considered to be one of the most important knots alongside
the sheet bend and bowline. Also known as a double hitch, it is
simply 2 back to back half hitches around a cylindrical object such
as a tree, ax or a post. It causes an efficiency loss of
Clove Hitch
 approximately 40%. The quick release knot can also be tied with webbing. It can
be an interesting forest school activity.
History and Etymology
Its origin can be traced back to the first quarter of the sixteenth century when it
was tied in ratlines. The evidence of this fact lies in early sculptures and
paintings.
The word clove is the past tense of cleave meaning split or divided. It is so
named as there appear parallel lines of the rope at the back of the knot.

How to Tie a Clove Hitch

How to Tie a Clove Hitch

Tips
1. The direction of pull in the 4th step should be opposite to each other.
2. On repeatedly weighting and non-weighting the knot, it may loosen and may
creep up the open gate of a non-locking carabiner. Hence it should never be
kept unattended and is to be used with a locking carabiner.
3. Instead of the linear support you can have a ring.
4. You can finish it with a half hitch stopper back around the standing part to
prevent slipping.
Variations
1. Double clove hitch – 2 extra turns are added to each arm to make this modified
version. It increases the strength and safety. It is routinely used in windsurfing to
join the mast to the boom.
2. Clove hitch with a slip knot or slip clove hitch – It is the slipped version of the
knot where instead of inserting an end in the last step, you pass a bight of rope.

Advantages Disadvantages
• Easy
• The rope on either side of the
hitch can be adjusted without
• Slipping
untying the knot
• Binding
• Can be tied with one hand
effectively shortening belay • Unreliable when tied to a
transitions rectangular or square post
• Unties easily in Dyneema • Thinner ropes, when heavily
slings unlike the overhand loaded may be difficult to untie
knot
• Holds tight when 1 strand is
weighted
Clove Hitch v/s Other Knots
1. Girth hitch – Ties a climbing sling to various features.
2. Munter/Italian hitch – It’s name signifying half clove hitch belay, it is chiefly
used to control the rate of descent in belay systems by acting as a friction
device.
3. Bowline – Stronger.
4. Rolling hitch– Serves the purpose of a stopper knot. It works well when the
load applied is not perpendicular to the object, unlike the clove hitch.
5. Cow hitch – The half hitches are tied in the opposite directions, unlike the
clove hitch.
 Uses
1. Functions as a crossing knot.
2. To start and finish a lashing such as the conventional square lashing in
pioneering.
3. For the master point in a fixed rock climbing anchor. Can also connect a
personal anchor.
4. By placing the knot on the spine of a carabiner you create a biner block that
securely blocks against a rapid.
5. In solo climbing (as it is safe for self-belaying on a biner) and for rappel
transitions.
6. Hoisting.
7. In decorative macramé patterns (for eg. tying a square knot inside a clove hitch
diamond).
8. For tying bandages (arm slings) in case of injuries and for first aid.
9. To tie a fender to a rail on a moving boat.
10.In hammock hanging systems.
11.To set up teepees.
12.Tying upholstery springs.
13.Aircraft wiring.

How to Tie a Clove Hitch Step by Step

1.Hang rope from the support
2.Loop around the support with the end
3.Pass it from behind the rope
4.Pull to tighten
5.The knot is complete
Similar Knot
1.Constrictor knot– Made similarly with a small difference. The tag end is
passed under the intersection of the 2 adjacent loops in the last step.

Round Turn and Two Half Hitches

The strong knot consists of two parts, a round turn and two half
hitches. The first part takes the initial strain and controls the load
as you complete the knot. It also provides friction against the
support. It is critical for holding mooring lines. It fastens a rope to
a fixed object such as a post, tree, ring or column. It retains 75%
of the line strength. Round Turn and Two
Half Hitches
History
In 1794, David Steel referred to this knot in his book, Elements and Practice of
Rigging and Seamanship. It has also been mentioned in The Ashley Book of
Knots.

How to Tie a Round Turn and Two Half Hitches Knot Step By
Step
 How to Tie a Round Turn and Two Half Hitches Knot Step by
Step

Tips
1. The round turn can be reinforced with 1-2 additional turns if you are handling
heavy loads like large vessels or when you are working against strong winds.
2. If you want to utilize excess line or make the knot more secure, you may
consider adding more half hitches to the standing part.
3. If you have excess rope, it would be a good idea to use a bight instead of an
end. It gets rid of a long tail that might hang in the way or require coiling. It also
imparts a quick release attribute to the knot.
4. Ensure that the 2 half hitches are tied in the same direction.
5. You can use a quick release version of the 2 half hitches by not pulling the line
all the way through while tying them.

Advantages Disadvantages
• Easy
• Does not bind to the tying
point making it simple to untie
• The end tends to get loose.
• Self-tightening
• Can be tied under load

Round Turn and 2 Half Hitches v/s Other Knots

1. Clove hitch – Quicker to tie but less secure. It slips easily.
Uses
1. Commonly in homes.
2. Tying a winch on a sailboat and a hammock to a tree.
3. To stop or finish a lashing.
4. Attaching a mooring line to a ring or dock post in boats and vessels.
5. Bushcraft.
6. Camping.

Steps to Tying a Round Turn and Two Half Hitches

1.Wrap the end around the support
2.Wrap it around the standing part of the rope
3.Make another turn
4.Take it out of the loop
5.Tighten and you are done

Cleat Hitch
Definition
The fast and simple knot is used to cleat a mooring line. While
securing a dock line to a cleat, first it must be wrapped around
the horn that is farther away from it and then around the horn
Cleat Hitch
nearer to it. If the sequence is not followed the knot may jam. It
also unties quickly and neatly. It is a significant knot that every boat owner
should learn. It is a handy knot at the dock. The Ashley Book of Knots describes
it with several variations including the application of a single hitch by itself.
 How to Tie a Cleat Hitch

How to Tie a Cleat Hitch

Tips
1. In the diagram, you may have noticed that there is no locking hitch. This is
particularly important for mooring large vessels, towing and sheeting a sail.
Other situations, however, demand the use of a locking hitch such as small boat
sail halyards, flag halyards and dock lines of yachts left at the harbor for long
periods.
2. You can stand back and throw the line to coil on the cleat for a superb flying
cleat hitch.

Uses
1. Boating
2. Sailing

Steps to Tying a Cleat Hitch

1.Take the rope around the far horn
2.Wrap it around the near horn and take it to the back
3.Pass it to the front from the back
4.Make a loop
5.Slide the loop through the near horn
6.Pull the tag end to complete the hitch

Rolling Hitch
Definition
The rolling hitch is a friction knot that can attach a thinner rope to
a thicker one or a single rope to a post or spar. It holds firmly in
the direction of the standing part. It belongs to the group of slide
and grip knots and facilitates lengthwise pulls on it. Until 1841 it
Rolling Hitch
was known as Magnus or Magner’s hitch. At that time the name
rolling hitch was applied to round turn and two half hitches. In that year, Richard
Dana published a book, The Seaman’s Friend, and named the knot as we know
it today.
How to Tie a Rolling Hitch Knot

Rolling Hitch Knot Instructions

 Tips
1. As some of the modern ropes are very slippery, a rolling hitch would not hold to
them.
2. If you want, you can back it up by two half hitches.
3. Note the formation of a half hitch in step 4.
Variations
1. Rolling hitch on a bight – If there is a long tail end, you can make the knot with a
bight instead of an end.
2. Modified rolling hitch – It is used in orthopedic practices.
 Advantages Disadvantages
Not secure enough for climbing
Secure and easy
purposes
Rolling Hitch v/s Other Knots
1. Clove hitch – It is weaker. Unlike the rolling hitch, it works well when the load
is applied perpendicular to the support.
2. Taut line hitch – Forms an adjustable loop.
3. Anchor bend – Specifically attaches a line to an anchor or any other ring-
shaped structure.
Uses
1. To clear a jammed block or winch by releasing the pressure off the line.
2. Sailing and scouting.
3. To pull up hoses in fire service.
4. For hauling tools aloft in construction work and arboriculture.
5. To secure a snubber to an anchor chain.

How to Tie a Rolling Hitch Knot Step by Step

1.Loop the tag end of the rope around the post
2.Bring it down from behind the post
3.Bring it up, wrapping around the post
4.Pass it between the 2 wraps
5.Pull both ends to tighten
6.The knot is complete

Anchor Hitch
Also known by the names anchor bend and fisherman’s bend, this
knot is basically used to connect an anchor line to an anchor. The
nautical knot can also join a rope to a ring or similar termination. It
is helpful when you need to set up a second anchor in a hurry. It
doesn’t significantly reduce the line strength, is easy to tie and
Anchor Hitch
 about 10% stronger than the bowline. The bend holds well even if you alternate
the load between heavy and slack.
How to Tie an Anchor Knot

How to Tie an Anchor Knot

Tips
1. Note that a half hitch is made in step 4.
2. For added security, you can join the free end to the standing line with seizing
after making the hitch.

3. The marine knot resembles the round turn and two half hitches the only
difference being the first half hitch is also wrapped around the standing part
instead of passing it under the initial two turns as shown in step 3 above.
 Anchor Hitch v/s Other Knots
1. Buntline hitch – Not specialized for anchoring. It is mainly used for securing
the foot of a sail to the buntlines.
2. Figure 8 on a bight – More suited for anchoring during climbing.
3. Double figure 8 knot – Forms a double loop and safer for climbing
purposes.
Uses
1. Anchoring boats (including drift boats), kayaks.
2. Tying anchors to warps.
3. Tying carabiners in climbing (including rock climbing).
4. Tree climbing by arborists.

How to Tie an Anchor Knot Step by Step

1.Wrap the rope twice around the shackle
2.Pass the end through the loops
3.Pull it out tightly
4.Wrap it around the standing part
5.Hold and pull to tighten
6.The knot is completed

Half Hitch
What Is a Half Hitch Knot?
It is basically an overhand knot with the working end brought
over and under the standing part. Though it is insecure by itself,
it forms the basis of many other reliable knots. It may be used Half Hitch
for decorative purposes as in French whipping. The quick
release knot has an ancient origin and is described in The Ashley Book of Knots.
The overhand and single half hitch knots have different appearances and the
latter necessarily requires a support for the initial loop to be made.
 How to Tie a Half Hitch

How to Tie a Half Hitch

Variations
1. 2 half hitches or double half hitch – Stronger. Consists of an overhand
knot followed by a half hitch knot.
2. Slippery half hitch – A bight of rope is passed through the loop instead of an
end. It prevents jamming.
Apart from the above, the vertical, horizontal, alternative (chain stitch) and spiral
half hitches are unique variations used in macramé patterns.

Uses
1. Fishing with bait (can be used on pilchards, squid, prawns, etc.).
2. Fly tying in fly fishing.
3. Making paracord survival bracelets, can koozies (sometimes in a slightly
modified form).
4. In beading and jewelry (like necklace) making.
5. Casting on stitches in knitting.
6. In crochet, weaving.
7. Pulling of wire by electricians.
8. Making dream catchers, yarn buckles, friendship bracelets.
9. Forms parts of the cleat, clove, cow, timber, rolling hitches among
others.
10.An easier alternative to the square knot for tying sutures in surgery.

How to Tie a Half Hitch Step by Step

1.Wrap the rope around the support
2.Pass the end through the loop and tighten

Overhand Knot
This simple knot is the most commonly used one and finds
application in diverse fields. According to The Ashley Book of
Knots, it is the simplest of the single strand stopper knots. Overhand Knot

How to Tie an Overhand Knot

How to Tie an Overhand Knot

Variant
Double overhand knot – Larger, more difficult to untie.
 Advantages Disadvantages
Secure Can jam badly
Permanent Reduces the strength of yarn
Can be tied tightly against an object
Difficult to untie
or another knot
Uses
1. Prevents fraying and unraveling of rope or yarn ends.
2. Effective stopper for hand sewing.
3. Used as a safety knot by climbers.
4. Helps to keep threads grouped while making a braid.
5. Used as the beginning or part of other knots (e.g. overhand loop
knot, fisherman’s knot, square knot).
6. To make an arbor knot, that is used in fishing.
7. For jewelry making such as bracelets.
8. Making no-sew tied fleece blankets.

How to Tie an Overhand Knot Step by Step

1. Form a loop by passing the tag end over the standing part
2. Tuck it inside the loop and pull it out completely
3. Pull both ends to tighten

Sheet Bend
Need to lengthen a thick clothesline, but all you have is a thin
piece of rope? Don’t fret. The sheet bend can lend a helping
hand. The knot, also known as, becket bend, weaver’s hitch or Sheet Bend

weaver’s knot, though recommended for joining ropes of

different diameters, is equally effective for ropes of equal thicknesses as well. It
owes the name weaver’s knot to its historical use in textile mills. However,
weavers tend to tie it in a variety of ways. Its importance has led it to feature as
the first knot in The Ashley Book of Knots.
 How to Tie a Sheet Bend Knot

How to Tie a Sheet Bend Knot

Tips
1. Note that the couple of free ends land up on the same side of the knot. If they
are on the opposite sides, you have a less reliable alternative.

Variation
1. Double sheet bend – A more secure version

Advantages Disadvantages
• Secure
• Quick to tie
• Tendency to loosen when
• Easily untied not under load
• Stronger replacement
of square knot
Uses
1. To temporarily join two ropes, especially if they are of different sizes and
materials.
2. Along with the carrick bend, it is most commonly used for making the
junctions of nets, including climbing and cargo nets.
3. For building hammocks.
4. For boating purposes.
 How to Tie a Sheet Bend Knot Step by Step
1. Pass the thin rope through the thick rope bight
2. Wrap it around the bight and tuck it under itself
3. Hold the thick end and pull the thin rope to tighten

Other Different Sailing (Nautical) Rope Knots

Stevedore Knot
The Stevedore knot is a moderately bulky, reliable stopper knot
tied at the end of a rope. It has been described in The Ashley
Book of Knots as a single strand knot that prevents a rope end
from unreeving. According to the book, the knot owes its name
to stevedores who used it for loading and unloading cargo from Stevedore Knot

ships. However, according to another book, The Art of Knotting

and Splicing by Cyrus Day, the name could have originated in a pamphlet issued
in 1890 by the C.W. Hunt Company who sold ropes by that name. It is less
prone to jamming, can be untied more easily (even after taking a heavy load)
and bulkier than the closely related figure 8 knot.
 How to Tie a Stevedore Knot

How to Tie a Stevedore Knot

Uses
1. It is a great knot for setting up a tarp.After passing an end through a grommet,
for example, you can use it to secure that end.
2. Prevents a cargo fall end from unreeving.

How to Tie a Stevedore Knot Step by Step

1.Make a loop with the rope
2.Pass the tag end up from behind the loop
3.Take it down from the front
4.Again pass it up from behind the loop
5.Pass it through the loop
6.Pull both ends to tighten
 7.The knot is completed

Scaffold Knot
The scaffold knot forms a strong loop that can be slid like a
noose to fit snugly around a rail, bar, or any other object. It is
similar to the poacher’s knot with the only difference being an
extra turn around the standing end. It is sometimes called by the
Scaffold Knot
name triple overhand noose or gallows knot while the poacher’s
is also known by the name two-turn or double scaffold. Never play “hangman”
with this or any other type of noose knot as it can be fatal. Its breaking strength
is around 75%.

How to Tie a Scaffold Knot

How to Tie a Scaffold Knot

Tips
1. You can adjust the loop by pulling the longer end.
2. Sailors often refer to the thimble as shown in the above diagram as ‘hard eye’. It
prevents the rope from chafing in boats and yachts.
Uses
1. It is suitable for harnesses, lifelines and Bosun’s chair as it can be pulled tight.
2. The reliable knot can be attached firmly to a shackle or carabiner making it very
easy and fast to handle during climbing.
3. It can also be used to join 2 ropes.
4. It is used by some flathead fishermen.
5. Hiking, sailing.

How to Tie a Scaffold Knot Step by Step

1.Wrap the tag end around the standing part of a bight of rope
2.Wrap it 2 more times in the opposite direction
3.Pass the end through the loops
4.Take it out parallel to the standing part
5.Hold the loop and pull the to tighten
6.A thimble can be inserted in the loop to protect it from wear

Diamond (Lanyard) Knot

The diamond knot is used to make a fixed, decorative loop at
the middle of a cord that could be a lanyard, paracord, leather,
rope, etc. It is also known by the names Bosun’s whistle,
lanyard and knife lanyard knots. The two strand knot that is
implemented here in a single strand can be made with two Diamond Knot

ropes or a single rope. Though it looks hard to tie at first, it

becomes easy and quick with practice.

How to Tie a Diamond (Lanyard) Knot

It is best to start with at least 2 ft of rope. Once you have learned to tie it well, it
can be made with as little as 1 ft of rope.
 How to Tie a Diamond Knot

Tips
1. Note that the first few steps are similar to making a Carrick bend.
Variation
1. Double diamond knot or double lanyard knot – More complex and decorative. It
is made with two strands.

Uses
1. On knife tassels and key chains.
2. As zipper pulls.
3. In necklace, earring, pendant, bracelet and ring designs.
4. In macramé patterns.
How to Tie a Diamond (Lanyard) Knot Step by Step
1.Make a rope loop and encircle it with the rope
2.Pass a part of the rope through the loop
3.Pass the end through the loop just formed
4.Take it up
5.Pass it through the first loop
6.Take the other rope end through the loop
7.Hold the big loop and pull the ends to tighten
8.The knot is made

Alternatives
1.Carrick bend – Mainly used in joining two ropes. Not a loop but ornamental.
2.Chinese lanyard knot – Multi-stranded decorative knot.

Buntline Hitch
The buntline hitch was originally employed in securing the foot of a
sail of square-rigged ships to buntlines in the age of the sail. Hence
the name. Once you finish making and setting the knot, repeated
jerking and shaking due to the flapping of the sails further tightens
it, instead of loosening. It performs well even in the modern
slippery synthetic lines. Buntline Hitch

How to Tie a Buntline Hitch

 How to Tie a Buntline Hitch

Tips
1. Note that essentially, you are making a clove hitch around the standing part.
Variation
1. Slipped buntline hitch – This secure temporary hitch is less prone to jamming.

Advantages Disadvantages
• Very strong and secure
• Reliable • Cannot be tied under load
• Compact • When heavily loaded, it is
likely to jam and be difficult to
• It is important in situations that
release
don’t need the knot to be
untied
 Buntline Hitch v/s Other Knots
1. Two half hitches– Though less secure, it does not jam that easily under a
load.
2. Bowline knot – After taking a load, it doesn’t jam and is much easier to untie.
However, the buntline knot is more suited for buntlines.
Uses
1. For attaching lines to posts, eyes, railings, rods and rings.
2. Climbing.
3. Joining a halyard to a sail or shackle.

How to Tie a Buntline Hitch Step by Step

1.Pass the rope end around the support
2.Wrap it around the standing part
3.Make an “8”
4.Pass it through the loop just formed
5.Hold the end and pull to tighten
6.The knot is completed

French Bowline
The French bowline, also known as the Portuguese bowline,
makes two adjustable loops (unlike the Spanish bowline) that can
be used as a temporary Bosun’s chair to hoist or lower an injured
person even if he is unconscious. One loop goes around the
person’s chest under his arms and the other one serves as the
seat. His weight keeps the knot tight and prevents it from slipping. French Bowline
It is a type of the classic bowline knot that distributes pressure
over a wider area than the parent knot. This reduces the chances of damage to
the secured object.
 How to Tie a French Bowline

How to Tie a French Bowline

Tips
1. You can dress the knot by adjusting the size of the loops.

Advantages Disadvantages
• Cannot be untied when loaded
on an end
• It can connect two ropes
• May come untied if it is not
loaded downwards

Uses
1. To fasten mooring lines.
2. For rigging and other backstage work by stage hands.
3. Rescue operations.
4. Making arm or wrist shackles.
How to Tie a French Bowline Step by Step
1. Pass the end through a rope loop
2. Pass it up through the loop
3. Encircle the standing part
4. Take it down through the loop
5. Hold and pull to tighten
6. The knot is made

Highwayman’s Hitch
This quick release knot is of the draw loop type and can
temporarily secure a load that is to be released cleanly and
easily. It can be tied at the middle of a rope eliminating the need
of the working end to be passed around the anchor while tying or
releasing. It involves 3 bights of the same rope each of which
successively lock the previous one as is evident from the below Highwayman’s Hitch
diagram. The name of the knot is attributed to Dick Turpin, a
notorious 18th century English highwayman by author Hal McKail, the founder of
sea scouts in Western Australia and Cyrus L. Day, a notable author of a book on
knots and splices.
 How to Tie a Highwayman’s Hitch

How to Tie a Highwayman’s Hitch

Advantages Disadvantages
Entanglement of the free end
It can be untied just with a single with the load might trigger an
tug at the working end, even abrupt release that might be fatal.
when the rope is under tension. Hence it is not safe to use it with
human loads as in climbing.

Uses
1. To tie up a kayak shortly before getting to it.
2. Tethering animals.

How to Tie a Highwayman’s Hitch Step by Step

1.Take a bight of rope behind the support
2.Pass another bight through it
3.Pass another bight through the loop
4.Pull the top loop and the standing part
5.The knot is Complete

Thief Knot
The name of the knot originated from the practice of sailors to
use this knot to identify thefts. They would secure their ditty
bags with this knot and keep the ends hidden. Potential thieves
or mischievous sailors who opened the bags were likely to close
Thief Knot
it with the more common square knot eventually giving away the
fact that the bags were tampered with. This purpose of the knot is reflected in its
other names, bag knot and bread bag knot. It is mentioned in The Ashley Book
of Knots. It is easy to untie the knot.
 How to Tying a Thief Knot

Tying a Thief Knot

Thief Knot v/s Square or Reef Knot

1. The square (reef) knot, though similar in appearance, has both the tag ends
lying on the same side of the knot unlike the thief knot that has the tag ends
lying diagonally opposite to each other.
2. The thief knot is far less secure than the reef knot.
3. If tied mistakenly, the square knot can yield the granny knot. However, it is
not that easy to tie the thief knot by mistake.
Uses
1. In necklace designs.
How to Tie a Thief Knot Step by Step
1. Pass the blue end through the red loop
2. Bring it out through the lower part of the loop
3. Pull to tighten
4. The knot is made
Monkey’s Fist
What Is It Monkey’s Fist?
A monkey’s fist or monkey paw is a knot that is tied at the end of
a rope to serve as a weight. It is so named as it resembles a
monkey’s fist or paw. The main purpose of the knot is to serve
Monkey’s Fist
as a weight at the end of a rope. It can be thrown simply that
way. It is very easy to conceal and use it as a weapon to slow down your
attacker. It superficially resembles the Turk’s head knot.
Where Did It Come From? – The History
It originated as a heaving line knot on sailing ships of yesteryear. Formerly, it
was also used as a melee weapon among gangs and sailors. It was used as a
weight thrown from one ship to another to bring the 2 vessels together. This use
as a lifeline from boat to boat gained it the symbolism of solidarity among the
hobo community.

How Much Rope Is Needed?

The rope length should be 4-5 feet.

How to Tie a Monkey’s Fist

The picture guides you in tying the knot in a simple step by step.
 How to Make a Monkey’s Fist

Tips
1. Instead of creating the sides with 3 strands each, you can make them so as to
possess 4 strands each.
2. It would be a good idea to create the knot loose, insert the ball and tighten it
around the object, pulling, at a time, one loop taut.
3. It can be tied with paracord/hemp/leather lacing and a ball bearing as the
supplies.
4. Can be made in 2 colors to give it a beautiful multi-colored look.
5. Instead of a steel ball as indicated above, a golf or tennis ball can be used to
lend the spherical shape.
6. You can tie it with a 550 cord.
7. For a smaller knot, you can use a marble as the core. However, you can do the
mini version without the marble just by placing the rope between your fingers
and tightening appropriately.
8. If you want you can finish it with a diamond knot, snake knot, etc.
9. A giant monkey fist knot can be made with a pool ball.
10.The above diagram shows the tying of the knot without a jig.
Variation
1. Double monkey fist – Larger. Has 12 faces instead of the 6 faces of the
traditional moneky’s fist knot.

Uses
1. In keychains (key fobs, cobra knot keychains), zipper pulls, keyrings and
lanyards. It gives them a nautical look. A monkey’s fist, lanyard and a square
knot combination can make a superb paracord fob.
2. For self defence (though it is an illegal weapon in some places).
3. As an anchor in rock climbing by putting it into a crack.
4. Survival.
5. As a closure mechanism in paracord bracelets.
6. As a doorstop, dog toy, drawer pull, bookmark, bookend, curtain tie back, place
card holder, table number holder.
7. Making jewelry like earrings, necklaces.
8. Creating fire poi heads.
9. Boating.
10.As a ball gag for your partner.
11.Heaving.
12.A stronger and more durable replacement for the handle traditional handle of a
parachute.
13.Its tactical addition to your knife allows you to draw the latter quickly from your
pocket.
14.As a pair in cufflinks.
15.Design nautical knobs, pillows, curtain rods, finials, lamps.
16.As fancy buttons, ornament, planter.
17.In macramé patterns and wedding décor.
How to Tie a Monkey’s Fist Step by Step
1.Make 3 turns around your fingers and wrap the rope end around horizontally
2.Wrap it around 2 more times
3.Pass it through the loop
4.Wrap it around the horizontal section 3 times
5.Take it out. Insert a ball for giving a spherical shape
6.Pull to tighten
7.The knot is complete

Barrel Hitch
The barrel hitch lifts a barrel in an upright position. It can hoist any
cylindrical container with its top open by surrounding it with a rope.
The knot finds a place in The Ashley Book of Knots. The bale sling
hitch that is based on the cow hitch can do so with containers
having their tops closed. It is reasonably safe and secure.
How to Tying a Barrel Hitch Barrel Hitch

Tying a Barrel Hitch

 Tips
1. An overhand knot is made in step 2 that is spread across the barrel in the
next step.
2. Starting from step 5, a bowline knot is made in the rope over the barrel to
join the ends.
3. The rope should encircle the barrel above the center of gravity so that it doesn’t
tip. But it should not be so high such that it approaches the upper lip of the
container since in that case the latter might slip.
4. The lower rope that goes beneath the container should be directly under the
center of gravity for proper balance.
Uses
1. Hoisting cargo in ships.
2. Suspending buckets, barrels, etc.
3. Packing.

Alternative
The barrel sling – It can lift a barrel lying on its side with its ends sealed.

Barrel Sling

How to Tie a Barrel Hitch Knot Step by Step

1.Wrap the rope around the barrel

2.Pass it through the loop
 3.Pull the ropes apart to create space in between
4.Slide through barrel
5.Wrap the rope around the bight
6.Pass the end through the loop
7.Pull both ends to tighten
8.The knot is complete

Marlinspike Hitch
Also known as the lever hitch, the marlinspike is a temporary knot
that attaches a rod to a rope making a handle in the process. A
small modification serves as an alternative way to tie the bowline
knot. It provides an excellent way to make a rope ladder. It ties
quickly and is easy to release. It does not jam.
How to Tie a Marlinspike Hitch Marlinspike Hitch

How to Tiea Marlinspike Hitch

Uses
1. To accommodate a toggle for hammock suspension webbing. Can also be used
with carabiners.
2. You can adjust a whoopie sling on it.
3. Helps to tighten other knots

How to Tie a Marlinspike Hitch Step by Step

1.Make a loop. Displace it to the right
2.Make it cross the vertical line
3.Pass the middle line to the left
4.Pass cylindrical support through the loop formed
5.Tighten by pulling both sides
6.The knot is complete

Blood Knot
What Is It?
The blood knot, also known as the double blood knot, joins two
fishing lines of similar sizes like different sections of the leader
or tippet. It has a breaking strength of around 83%. Its name
Blood Knot
originated from its use on the business end of a Cat o’ nine tails
whip.

How to Tie a Blood Knot

How to Tie a Blood Knot

 Tips
1. Note that the tag ends are at right angles to the line.
2. If you find it hard controlling the tippet ends go for the easier, faster speed blood
knot. Though not a true blood knot, it has approximately the same strength.
3. It can join a leadcore to the leader.
Variations
1. Improved blood knot – Fares well in connecting a thicker line to a thinner one.
For example a heavy shock material to a lighter class tippet.
2. Half blood knot – For attaching a fishing hook to the line. It can also join a line
to a snap, swivel or lure.

Advantages Disadvantages
• Strong
• Compact
• Versatile
• Smooth shape
• If not trimmed closely can
• Breaks less often
catch on to rod guides
• Works with lines of varying
diameters
• It can connect braid to braid,
braid to mono, mono to mono
and braid to fluorocarbon

Uses
1. In fly fishing.
2. To construct fishing leaders.
3. As a decorative stopper knot in sailing
4. For leader to tippet and line to leader connections.
 Steps to Tying a Blood Knot Directions
1. Wrap the red rope around the blue one 5 times
2. Pass the red one through the central loop formed
3. Wrap the blue rope around the red one
4. Make 5 turns
5. Pass the blue one through the central loop
6. Pull the tag ends and the standing parts to tighten
7. Cut off the tag ends
8. The red and blue lines are now joined

Alternatives
1. Double surgeon’s knot – Slips less though weaker.
2. J knot – Slightly more powerful albeit difficult to tie.
3. Double uni– Stronger for braided lines.
4. Uni knot – Sturdier and less unwieldy.
5. Uni to uni – Retains around 90% of the line strength making it more robust.
6. Albright knot – Joins lines of different diameters.
7. Double fisherman’s knot – Employs fewer twists in the 2
8. Nail knot– Unites varying diameter lines. Also used in carp fishing versus the
blood knot’s use in fly fishing only.
Similar Knots
1. Blood loop knot – Connects a hook snood to a trace body

Carrick Mat
The Carrick bend mat, thump mat or the more popular Carrick
mat owes its name to the Carrick bend due to its resemblance
with the latter. When tied with paracord or thick ropes, the
decorative knot serves the purpose of a hot pad or a table mat
aesthetically. With the ends connected together, it takes the
Carrick Mat
 form of an endless knot that has a great spiritual value in some religions for its
interwoven structure. Being a classic Turk’s head weave, it is related to the
Turk’s head knot.
How to Make a Carrick Bend Mat
The diagram shows the tying instructions of a small version of the mat.

How to Make a Carrick Bend Mat

Tips
1. It can be made with 2 (as illustrated) or more strands of rope.
2. Cotton ropes or Manila hemp make attractive Carrick bend mats.

3. You may sew or glue the ends or bind them with a constrictor knot and then
whip neatly for greater security.
Uses
1. Traditionally used to prevent chafing by sailors who place it around a ring bolt
on the deck. It also minimizes the sounds of falling cargo blocks and protects
the deck from wear and tear.
2. Taking advantage of the larger patterns out of the various designs of the mat as
depicted in the Ashley Book of Knots, you can make elaborate chair covers and
stair treads.
 Steps to Tying a Carrick Mat
1. Make a loop over another
2. Pass alternately over & under the 2 loops to form 3rd loop
3. Similarly, pass it through 2nd & 3rd loops to form 4th loop
4. Double the 1st loop by passing the tag end as shown
5. Similarly, double the 2nd loop
6. Now the 3rd loop should be doubled
7. Finally, double the fourth loop
8. Finish by tucking the tag end neatly behind the mat

Handcuff Knot
The handcuff knot, also known as the hobble knot forms two
loops on a length of rope secured at the center that can be used
as makeshift handcuffs as pointed out in The Ashley Book of
Knots. However, since it does not have any inherent locking Handcuff Knot
action, it cannot be reliably used for the said restraining
purpose. However, it can be locked effectively by tying a single or
more overhand knots with the loose ends. It is quick, easy to tie and can be
made with rope as well strings, lines, paracord or webbing.
 Tutorial on Tying a Handcuff Knot

Tutorial on Tying a Handcuff Knot

Tips
1. The size of the loops can be adjusted by gently pulling them to a bigger or
smaller size in step 4.

2. The initial steps resemble the tying of a clove hitch using 2 loops.
Uses
1. By firefighters to rescue people from narrow spaces by pulling them by the
wrists. However, it is mainly avoided and used only as a last option due to the
risk of harming the victim.
2. By cowboys. Tied around the legs of cattle or horses, it would prevent them
from wandering too far at night.
3. To drag animal carcasses.
4. To lift one up in a seated position by adjusting the sizes of the loops around the
thighs thus acting as a chair.
5. When combined with a half hitch over each double loop, effective as a man
harness.
6. By sailors and boaters in securing the oars together and lashing them to the
rails of a boat.
Steps to Tying a Handcuff Knot
1. Make 2 loops with the rope
2. Overlap and pass each loop through the other by their opposite edges
3. Pull the loops out up to the desired size while holding the standing parts
4. Tighten to complete the knot

Alternative
Prusik knot – Though inferior, can be used as handcuffs

Sheepshank Knot
The sheepshank knot is mostly used to shorten a length of rope
temporarily. Not being a stable knot, it falls apart under too
heavy or too little load. Hence, it should be avoided. The Ashley Sheepshank Knot
Book of Knots cautions against using it and advises to seize or
secure the ends to make it safe unless the need is purely temporary.
 How to Tie a Sheepshank Knot

How to Tie a Sheepshank Knot

Variations
1. Kamikaze knot – This slight variation is made by splicing the middle of the
sheepshank knot.
2. Sheepshank with marlingspike hitches – The safest variation uses slip
knots instead of half hitches for tying.
3. Man-o’war sheepshank – Also known as the Fireman’s chair knot, it is a
sheepshank knot with a handcuff knot in the center.
 Advantages Disadvantages
• Can be easily undone on removing tension. So,
tension needs to be maintained at both ends to
• Remains secure under
keep it in place.
tension, especially for the
coarser ropes. • Fails under load when tied with slippery synthetic
ropes even when it is under tension.
• Protects a damaged,
weakened or frayed rope. • Almost impossible to tie under load.
• Cannot pass through sheaves or blocks.
Uses
1. For securing loads to trailers or trucks.
2. In sailing.

How to Tie a Sheepshank Knot Step by Step

1. Make two oppositely facing bights with the rope
2. Loop the left end and pass the bight through it
3. Make another loop with the right end
4. Pass the bight at the right side through it
5. Pull both ends to tighten the knot

Alternative
Alpine butterfly knot – Safely shortens a rope while being an excellent midline
knot.

Timber Hitch
The timber hitch is used to secure a rope round a post or any
cylindrical object. It is also known as Bowyer’s Knot owing to its
use in attaching the end of the bowstring to a longbow.
Timber Hitch
 How to Tie a Timber Hitch Knot

Timber Hitch Knot Instructions

Variant
Sailors often add a half hitch in front of the timber hitch for extra stability while
lowering long items or towing. This modification is known as the Killick hitch.
 Advantages Disadvantages
• Easy to tie and untie even
under a heavy load. • Secure only as long as
• Free from jamming or tension is maintained.
slipping.
Uses
1. As per The Ashley Book of Knots, its main use lies in handling cargo.
2. Helpful for towing a log or a spar in water or on land.
3. Used by arborists and lumbermen to attach ropes to branches, tree trunks and
logs.
4. To connect the strings of the guitar and ukelele to their bridges.
How to Tie a Timber Hitch Knot Step by Step
1. Wrap the rope round the support
2. Pass the working end round the standing part
3. Pull it to the left from below the loop formed
4. Turn it round two more times
5. Pull both ends tightly to secure

Two Half Hitches

Also known by the names double half hitch and clove hitch
around itself, this knot is an overhand knot followed by a half
hitch. The Ashley Book of Knots states that Steel gave it its
name in 1794. It can be tied around a ring, dock, post, tree, etc.
Two Half Hitches
It is commonly used in mooring and general utility. It is helpful in
moving large objects, for example, logs.
 How to Tie Two Half Hitches

How to Tie Two Half Hitches

Tips
1. Pry apart the 2 hitches with a bending motion to untie.
2. It is secure only when it is tied tightly around the support.

3. Capsizing the 2 half hitches might end up making the granny knot, one of the
poorest performing knots.
Variations
1. Slipped double half hitch – Easier to untie. Here, a bight of the rope is passed
through the second half hitch instead of the free end.

2. Round turn and two half hitches – The double half hitch is a part of this
simple knot. It is better for securing things to boats and posts having small
diameters. It is easier to untie.
Apart from the above, the vertical, horizontal, diagonal and reverse double half
hitches are unique variations used in macramé patterns.
 Advantages Disadvantages
• Non-jamming release
• Adjustable
• Difficult to untie
• Secure
• Ties quickly
Double Half Hitch v/s Other Knots
1. Clove hitch – It is tied directly to the spar, unlike the two half hitch knot that
makes a turn around the spar before being fastened around its own standing
part.
Uses
1. To tie guy lines to a dining fly.
2. Making macrame bracelets, etc.
3. Tying boats to pilings.
4. Securing the ends of a rope that ties things to the top rack of a van.
5. Two half hitches and a taut line hitch are used to set up tents.
6. By Boy Scouts.
7. When added to a timber hitch near the hauling end, helps in hoisting and
prevents the load from twisting.
8. In weaving.
9. Stringing tennis rackets and fly tying in fishing.
10.In casting methods for cattle handling.

How to Tie a Two Half Hitches Step by Step

1.Wrap the rope around a support
2.Pass the end through the loop
3.Wrap it around the standing part
4.Tighten complete
 Alternative
1.Buntline hitch – More secure but more liable to jam.

Double Sheet Bend

The double sheet bend, also known as the double becket bend
is a more secure variation of the sheet bend. It is mainly used to
join effectively two ropes that have a marked difference in their Double Sheet Bend

diameters or rigidity.
How to Tie a Double Becket Bend

How to Tie a Double Becket Bend

Advantage over the Sheet Bend Knot

The addition of an extra turn round the bight prevents slipping in the case of
extra-smooth ropes. For maximum strength, the free ends should land up on the
same side of the double sheet bend knot.

How to Tie a Double Sheet Bend Step by Step

1. Pass the thin rope through the thick rope bight
2. Wrap it around the bight and tuck it under itself
3. Repeat the previous step to double the knot
4. Hold thick end and pull thin rope ends to tighten