00 Answers

ANSWERS
a Missing values are –5, –4, –2, 4, 5, 7, 8

b Missing values are –50, –40, –30, 20, 30, 50, 60, 70
3
Chapter 1
c Missing numbers are –35, –30, –25, –20, –15, –10
d Missing numbers are –400, –300, –200, 200
SkillCheck
a 16 b 8 c 28 d 4 e Missing numbers are –33, –30, –27, –24, –21,
e 21 f 25 g 22 h 5
1
–18, –15, –12, –9, –6
i 13 j 8 k 15 l 6
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
a 49 b 604 c 70 d 33
4 a
e 237 f 128 g 23 h 2 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
2
b
i 28 j 400 k 12 l 32 29 35 32
20 12 5
5 a b c
m9 n 25 o 64 p 1
1 4 6
d e f
a T b T c F d T e F
–6 –12 –15
6 a b c
f F g T h T i F
3
C
d e f
a 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 b 2, 3, 5, 7, 16, 18 7
c 27, 38, 49, 51, 54, 66
4
a 18, 17, 11, 6, 5, 3 b 31, 23, 14, 8, 7, 5, 2

Exercise 1.03
c 91, 89, 69, 46, 41, 37, 3 a > b < c > d >
5
e > f > g < h <

1
Exercise 1.01 i < j < k < l >

a 100°C b body temperature n < o < p <
a 7 b –8
m >
c –74°C d water freezes e 117°C
1
c –8, –6, –4, –2, 1, 3, 5, 7

2
a –6 b –1 c 10
d –11 e 0 f 2 a –3, –1, 2, 3 b –8, –5, –3, 2, 5
2
c –10, –6, –4, –3, 0 d –5, –3, –2, 4, 6

3
a down b less c up d right
e after f north g deposit h increase e –48, –24, –11, 0, 8, 36
3
i east f –26, –10, –2, 3, 12, 15

a about 38 metres b about 73 metres a 5, 4, 3, –1, –2 b 8, 0, –2, –4, –7
c 4, 1, –1, –3, –5, –11 d 8, 3, –2, –4, –18
4
c about 111 metres
4
d ‘+’ signs measure height above water level and e 1, –3, –6, –15, –48 f 33, 1, –36, –58, –100
‘–’ signs measure depth below water level a 2 b 2 c 4 d 3
$610 e 6 f 20 g 7 h 7
5
a depositing $25 in the bank D

5
b losing $12 a –4 b –6 c 4 d –2 e –12

6 6
c walking 2 steps forward

7
d increasing the temperature by 3° Exercise 1.04

e driving 5 km east a 4 b 5 c –1 d 2
e 0 f 4 g –3 h –4
1
f decreasing the price by $8
g going down 3 floors i –20 j –4 k –8 l 0
h 5 seconds after take-off n –2 o –11 p 6
C
m –2
0
a Yes, 4
2
BCE C B H J D A E I FG
7
CE
b Yes, integers can be added in any order.
3
500 0 500
8
Teacher to check a –12 b 0 c 20 d –23

e 15 f 0 g –3 h 9
9 4
Exercise 1.02 i –19 j –10 k –32 l –9

A = 4, B = 9, C = 11, D = 17, E = 20, F = 27 m0 n 5
a A = 2, B = 10, C = 13, D = 15 The answer is always 0.
1
b A = 10, B = 16, C = 28, D = 34, E = 37 a + b – c E

2 5
c A = 8, B = 15, C = 32, D = 41, E = 49, F = 56 a –4 b 7 c –3

6
d A = 4, B = 36, C = 52, D = 66, E = 90, F = 116 d 7 e –3 f 7

7
e A = 10, B = 20, C = 35, D = 55, E = 63, F = 89, Teacher to check 9 Teacher to check
G = 111
8
9780170453059 535
BK-CLA-NCM_7SB_2E-200068-Chp15_Answers.indd 535 18/08/20 3:17 PM

Mental skills 1A Exercise 1.07
a 155 221 317 1764 a –4 –2 4 –3
e 48 726 283 952 e –9 3 –3 –10
2 b c d 1 b c d
i 722 631 215 163 i –4 7 –9 –6

f g h f g h
m 394 466 937 295 m9 –8 –4 –6

j k l j k l
a A b B
n o p n o p
a –6 b –2 6 d 16
2
Exercise 1.05
a 2 b –2 c –10 d 6 e –7 f –9 20 h 9
3 c
e 13 f –1 g 0 h –10
1 g
i –9 j 1 k –7 l 6
4 a
÷ –6 –3 3 6
m –5 n –6 o 12 p –9 1 1
2 2
B
–6 1 – –1
a No, 10 – 4 = 6, 4 – 10 = –6
2
–3 2 1 –1 –2
b No, –5 – 9 = –14, 9 – (–5) = 14

3
b
c No, they give different answers.
÷ 8 –8 32 –32
a 11 b –11 c 29 d –29
–2 –4 4 –16 16
e –31 f 23 g 16 h –10
4
4 2 –2 8 –8
i –50 j 50 k 42 l –42 You get –1

a + b + c –
5
m –12 n 5
a –8 b 3 c –7
6
You get the negative of double the integer.
d –44 e –50 f –32
7
a + b – c E d + e E
5
a 4 b 4 c 3 d 3 e 1 Teacher to check
6
8
f 1 g 4 h –4 i 2
7
a 7 b 3 c 8
j –2
Exercise 1.08
d 8 e 1 f –6 a 7 b –22 c –1 d –7
8
e –6 f 4 g –25 h 8
1
Teacher to check
i –21 j 12 k –200 l 28
9
m 15 n 5 o 3
C
Exercise 1.06
a –18 –24 21 –32
a –7 b –25 –36
2
e 63 –45 42 42
1 b c d
d 10 e 14 3
3 c
i –24 –6 1 –54
f g h
g 5 h 16 2
f
m –10 –42 44 –81
j k l
j 8 k –11 2
i
q 60 –60 100 56
n o p
a 8 b 5 –3
l
a C b A c D
r s t
d –2 e 3 12
2 4 c
g –2 h –2 –19
3 a b f
× –3 5 × –5 5
j –9 k 3 25
i
–3 9 –15 5 –25 25
a Correct
l
b Incorrect, –32 ÷ (–4) × (–2) = –16

5 –15 25 –5 25 –25 5
c Incorrect, –6 × (–2) – 8 = 4
c d
× 6 –4 × –1 1
–4 –24 16 –1 1 –1 d Correct
e Correct
f Incorrect, (–2 + 6) × 2 = 8
6 36 –24 1 –1 1
g Incorrect, –7 – 6 + 10 = –3
e f
× 7 –3 × –3 –6
h Incorrect, (–12 – 3) ÷ (–3) = 5

i Incorrect, 12 – 3 × 5 = –3
4 28 –12 8 –24 –48
j Incorrect, 2 – 9 × (–3) – (–18) = 47

–6 –42 18 2 –6 –12
a Yes, both give –24. b Yes

You get the negative of the integer squared. a –4 × [ 7 – 2 + (–3)] = –8
4
b (–4 × 7) – [2 + (–3)] = –27

6
a 9 b 9 c 49 d 49
5
e 25 f 25 g 1 h 1 c (–4 × 7) – 2 + (–3) = –33

6
a + b + c – d + e + d 40 ÷ [10 × (–2)] + 15 = 13
a –5 b –4 c –3 e (40 ÷ 10) × [(–2) + 15] = 52
7
d –7 e –5 f –2 f 40 ÷ [10 × (–2) + 15] = –8

8
Teacher to check C
Teacher to check
9 7
8
536 New Century Maths 7 9780170453059

Mental skills 1B
a 17 35 114 261
Test yourself 1
a 2 b 23 c –56
e 132 128 56 418
2 b c d
d 10 e –8 f 0
1
i 74 123 88 112
f g h
m 36 549 185 317 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

j k l
2 a
n o p
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
b
Exercise 1.09
1, 2 a –7 b 6 c –4 d 1 e –5 c
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
f 14 g 26 h –28 i 30 j –48
a F b F F d T
k 44 l 30 m –65 n –8 o 15
ANSWERS
e T f T T h F
3 c
p –4 q 25 r 64 s –48 t 2
i F j T T l F
g
3 (–5)2 means –5 × –5 = 25, –52 means –(52) = –25.

4 14, 3, 0, –1, –5, –9, –10
k
4 a –18 b 71 c 1
5 a –1 b –10 –3
d –6 e –3960 f –192
d 4 e –10 3
c
g 5 h –60 i –17
g –11 h 1 –8
f
j 38 k 61 l 16
6 a 7 b 4 –4
i
5 a 13 b –10 c 2
d –12 e 0 –12
c
d 15 e –56 f –8
g –7 h 6 –11
f
6 Teacher to check
7 a –18 b 48 –10
i
d –44 e –63 48
c
g –24 h –42 40
Exercise 1.10 f
13°C
8 a 3 b –3 1
i
4 km
1
d –4 e –2 –100
c
a 6610 m b 2316 m c 311 m d 9237 m

2
g 2 h –3 8
f
a 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020

3
9 a –12 b –14 –13

i
b 2017, 2018
4
d –18 e 0 –19
c
c $100 million
g 7 h –2 0
f
d Profit, $200 million

10 a –9 b –6 –12
i
1 km north 6 –$7
d 87 e –52 5
c
A 8 59
5
11 16°C $820
f
4602 m
7
12
a 480 cm b 160 cm
9
155 m below the surface

10
Chapter 2
–$109.00
11
11 m
12
SkillCheck
A
a 14th day b $60
13
a 20° b 25° c 15° d 20°

1
14
e 40° f 80° g 60° h 57°

2
i 70° j 94° k 28° l 81°

Power plus
a 1 b –1 c 1
d (–1) × (–1) × (–1) × (–1) × (–1) = –1 G and F
1
A and H, B and I
3
e (–1) × (–1) × (–1) × (–1) × (–1) × (–1) = 1
a E and F b D and E c C and E
4
f (–1) × (–1) × (–1) × (–1) × (–1) × (–1) × (–1)
d B and E e F and H f D and J
5
= –1
(–1)n = 1 when n is even, (–1)n = –1 when n is odd g A and I h A and J
a 4 or –4 b 10 or –10 c –2
2
Yes, no number squared gives a negative answer.

3
Exercise 2.01
Teacher to check ∠P, ∠QPK, ∠KPQ b ∠C, ∠OCR, ∠RCO
4
∠V, ∠GVE, ∠EVG d ∠A, ∠GAT, ∠TAG

1 a
a 2 b –9 c 1
5
∠Q, ∠PQD, ∠DQP f ∠D, ∠RDC, ∠CDR

c
a True b False c True d False
6
C
e
e True f True g False h True
7
∠CAD or ∠DAC b ∠PMQ or ∠QMP

2
i True
∠TQR or ∠RQT d ∠WXY or ∠YXW
3 a
a –5, 2 b –3, –5 c –4, 2 d –3, 2 e –3, 10
∠AED or ∠DEA f ∠FGE or ∠EGF
8 c
e
9780170453059 Answers 537
15_ncm7_sb_2e_53059_ans.indd 537 05/06/21 9:37 PM

The following are examples, the sizes of the angles 180°
will differ.
4 g Y h
L N
28°
M
a P b T
L K
A
99°
i K L
T
O F
c A d
H Y
E Exercise 2.03
F a acute b obtuse obtuse
d acute e reflex reflex
1 c
a ∠SQP b ∠CBE c angle b d angle q
g acute h obtuse reflex
f
a ∠NAY, ∠AYC, ∠ANC, ∠AND, ∠AYD, ∠NCD,
5
∠NDY, ∠NCY, ∠DNC, ∠DCY, ∠CDY, ∠CYD, j obtuse k reflex acute

6 i
∠NDC (Remember that ∠NAY and ∠YAN are m acute n reflex obtuse
l
two ways of naming the same angle.) Teacher to check

o
b ∠NCD, ∠NCY, ∠DCY a acute b obtuse reflex

2
c A straight angle d reflex e acute straight

3 c
d ∠ANY or ∠YNA g obtuse h obtuse revolution

f
A j acute k reflex obtuse

i
a • ∠DBC, × ∠ADB b • ∠PSR, × ∠PRQ

7
m acute n reflex right
l
c • ∠MRQ, × ∠RNP d • ∠EIF, × ∠FGI

8
p reflex q obtuse acute
o
e • ∠DCF, × ∠GBC f • ∠WXY, × ∠YWZ D

r
Teacher to check a obtuse b acute c obtuse d reflex

4
9 5
Exercise 2.02
a 64° b 133° c 85° d 87°
Exercise 2.04
a 57 + 33 = 90 b 147 + 33 = 180
e 129° f 175° g 157° h 112°
1
a 60° b 20° c 65° d 52°
1
2 a ∠AOB = 38° ∠PDQ = 162° e 1° f 33° g 48° h 24°

2
c ∠XPY = 84° ∠MAN = 121°

b
Teacher to check
e ∠TQS = 175° ∠XYZ = 38°
d
a 162° b 30° c 145° d 55°
3
g ∠LMN = 83° ∠GFD = 121°

f
e 118° f 93° g 69° h 176°
4
i ∠ADM = 162° ∠BPZ = 47°

h
B
k ∠ABC = 122° ∠EFG = 38°
j
a c = 84 b y = 90 c p = 126 d a = 180
5
l
e x = 12 f x = 40 g a = 15 h a = 46
6
4 a ∠ABC = 212° b ∠XYZ = 300°

3 d, a, h, f, c, b, g, e
a ∠PQR and ∠RQS
c ∠LMN = 247° d ∠GHK = 330° b 67 + 23 = 90 c right angle
7
5 C 6 B a a = 60 b a = 20 c m = 135 d m = 71
7, 8 Teacher to check f = 165 f a = 45 g t = 90
8
h a = 32, b = 148 i x = 70, y = 90

e
9 a b
j j = 132, k = 48, l = 132 k x = 62, y = 105
E H
145°
l c = 60
65° A
B
G
9
D R
c d C Mental skills 2
117 740 138 140 e 174
T
32° 100 436 109 200 j 312

2 a b c d
45° 160 700 90 2200 e 72

f g h i
R G
1600 2100 480 132

A B 3 a b c d
265°
f g h i
e Q f
N
M Exercise 2.05
110°
1 a c b u c a
S A d f e i f p
H

m = 50 b q = 120 c x = 211
y = 145 e a = 98 f d = 151
×
2 a c
w = 90 h f = 57 i n = 110
d
D ×
g
∠MDQ b ∠NDP
3
∠NDQ, ∠MDP
4 a
B
Teacher to check
c
a a = 120 b y = 28 c m = 63
4
m = 90 b x = 135 f = 25
d
d c = 108 e t = 74 f a = 50, b = 60
5
w = 133 e n = 29 q = 62
5 a c
g m = 110, n = 70
t = 163 h h = 20, g = 160
d f
h x = 105, y = 105
ANSWERS
q = 90, r = 90, s = 90
g
i a = 40, c = 40, d = 140, y = 140
y = 100 b p = 120 a = 120
i
a 4
x = 41 e b = 170 y = 53
6 a c
a = 75, b = 105, c = 75, d = 105, e = 75,
6
d = 135 h e = 68, f = 112 i p = 60 f = 105, g = 75

d f b
D C
g
7 7
Exercise 2.06 Exercise 2.08
a AD and CF b BG and CF
1 AB, AC, AD, BD, BC, CD 1 a g b d c d
c Teacher to check
2 2 a b
3 a AD ┴ CF b BG || CF
4 a F G
b C A c c
P Q
E
Y Z
3 a b
B D
d J c
A
a 2
L K M 4
5 D 6 C
a = 94, b = 86, c = 94, d = 86, e =94, f = 86,
5
7–12 Teacher to check g = 94

b
c They are equal

Exercise 2.07
×
6 a
×
1 a f b c c c
×
2 a b
They are equal

They are equal b Yes
b
c
Vertically opposite angles
7 a
Corresponding angles
8 a
Both b and c equal a d They are equal

b
m = 110 b a = 50
c
n = 80 d b = 122
3 a b 9 a
× h = 20 f m = 50, n = 130, p = 50
c
×
a = 140, b = 40 h a = 130, b = 130
e
× a = 136, b = 136, c = 44
g
× 10 A
i
9780170453059 Answers 539

g 28 (alt) h 72 (corr) i 95 (co-int)
j 93 (corr) k 81 (alt) l 30 (co-int)
Exercise 2.09
m 128 (corr) n 114 (co-int) o 109 (alt)

1 a d b d c c
C
2 a b
a a = 113, b = 113
3
b j = 133, k = 133, l = 133

4
c m = 52, n = 52, p = 128

d y = 42, z = 42 e l = 95, m = 85
c
f b = 45, c = 30 g p = 105, q = 105

h k = 85, m = 85 i p = 63, w = 117
j k = 50 k x = 118, y = 55
l a = 72, b = 108
3 a
or m m = 97, n = 83, p = 83
× n g = 132 o a = 153, b = 153, c = 27
C
∠EPC = ∠ABC (corresponding angles, AB || EP)
5
∠DEF = ∠EPC (corresponding angles, EF || PC)

b 6
or × ∴∠ABC = ∠DEF
Exercise 2.11
1 a AB || CD, alternate angles are equal
c
or ∠BEF and ∠CFE

× b AB || CD, alternate angles are equal
∠AGH and ∠GHD
AB is not parallel to CD, alternate angles are
a 2 b A
not equal
c
a = 59, b = 121, c = 59, d = 59, e = 121, f = 59,
4
∠BEF and ∠EFC

g = 121
c
AB is not parallel to CD, corresponding angles

d They add up to 180º
are not equal
d
Both sums are 180º
∠GEB and ∠DFE
a 180º, Angles on a straight line
5
e AB || CD, corresponding angles are equal

6
∠AEF and ∠CFG

×
b
× f AB is not parallel to CD, corresponding angles

are not equal
×
× ∠CEF and ∠AFG
g AB || CD, co-interior angles add to 180°
They add up to 180º ∠AEF and ∠EFC
180º, Angles on a straight line AB is not parallel to CD, co-interior angles do
c
not add to 180°.

h
Alternate angles
7 a
180º ∠BEF and ∠EFD

b
They add up to 180º i AB || CD, corresponding angles are equal

c
a = 130 b m = 90 ∠AEF and ∠CFG

d
2 a 85 (vertically opposite angles)

b = 105 d d = 68
8 a
m = 112 f a = 82, b = 98 b 95
c
f = 50, g = 130 h j = 125, k = 125 3 55

e
a = 51, b = 129, c = 51 4 a PQ || MN, co-interior angles add to 180°

g
B b PQ || MN, corresponding angles are equal

i
PQ || MN, alternate angles are equal,

9
corresponding angles are equal

c
PQ is not parallel to MN, corresponding angles

Exercise 2.10
a ∠WXQ b ∠XWP
are not equal: ∠PCB = 115° (angles on a
d
c ∠WXS d ∠WXQ
1
straight line), ∠MAD = 120°

e ∠XWA f ∠XWP
PQ is not parallel to MN, alternate angles are
(reasons abbreviated) not equal
e
a 65 (co-int) b 71 (alt) c 105 (corr)

2
f PQ || MN, co-interior angles add to 180°
d 120 (corr) e 110 (co-int) f 132 (alt) 5 B

a a = 220 b m = 65
c y = 325 d a = 100
Power plus 9
a 360° b 15° c 120° d 2.5°
a left b front c back d front e m = 44 f a = 95, b = 85
1
m = 51, vertically opposite, corresponding angles g p = 145 h x = 42

2
b x = 62, alternate angles; y = 62, alternate angles i f = 70 j t = 83

3 a
c a = 55, alternate, co-interior k p = 155, q = 155, r = 25

d m = 58, alternate, straight angle, or co-interior l x = 30
e y = 75, teacher to check (corresponding) 10 a AB and GH
c = 35, alternate angles, straight angle b EF and GH, EF and AB
g x = 85, alternate angles AB and CD, AB and EF, GH and CD, GH and EF
ANSWERS
f
11, 12 Teacher to check

c
m = 255, teacher to check (corresponding angles)
k = 105, teacher to check (corresponding,
h
13 a b
co-interior, and vertically opposite)
i
4 A parallelogram
Test yourself 2
14 a b
3 a ∠ABD b ∠QOS
4 D
5 a G b A
15 a b
84° 117°
U J Q R
c T d E
150°
41° 16 a alternate b co-interior
D G
c corresponding d corresponding
P O
210°
e alternate f corresponding
e R f
17 a a = 115 b m = 35 c k = 115
X
D
96° d d = 125 e x = 50 f q = 62
g x = 37, y = 37
W
S A
195° 270° h m = 62, p = 118, z = 118

g h
i a = 112, d = 68, t = 112
M P
N L
j x = 50, y = 50
B
k x = 26, m = 64
300° l a = 72, c = 70, z = 38
O
m a = 38, c = 142
i
n x = 35, y = 88, z = 92
M
18 a AB || CD, co-interior angles add to 180°

A
AB is not parallel to CD, alternate angles are

P
not equal
b
∠WHI or ∠IHW, acute angle
∠DAR or ∠RAD, obtuse angle c AB || CD, corresponding angles are equal
6 a
∠GLU or ∠ULG, acute angle 19 A

b
∠PVR or ∠RVP, acute angle

c
∠NPE or ∠EPN, right angle

d
Chapter 3
∠SAM or ∠MAS, obtuse angle
e
∠MTV or ∠VTM, straight angle

f
SkillCheck
∠XYZ or ∠ZYX, reflex angle Odd, the last digit is an odd number.
g
Yes, the last digit is 0.

1
∠MPQ or ∠QPM, reflex angle
h
a 21 b 30 c 32 18
2
i 55° ii 12° iii 86°
i
e 36 f 40 g 49 54
3 d
i 135° ii 80° iii 2°
7 a
i 64 j 63 k 24 56
h
m = 62 b k = 133
b
m9 n 81 o 25 –16
l
x = 58, y = 122
8 a
c p
9780170453059 Answers 541

a 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20 b 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 a No b No c Yes d Yes
c 1, 19 a No b Yes c No d No
4 2
Yes, the last digit is even. e No f No g Yes h Yes

3
a 8 b 5 c 6 d 6 a Yes b No c No d No
5
e 4 f 8 g 6 h 8 e Yes f Yes g Yes h No

6 4
i 4 j 9 k 6 l 9 a No b No c Yes d Yes
a 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 b 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 e Yes f No g Yes h No
5
c 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 No

7
No, the last digit is not a 0. a 9 is not divisible by 2. b Last digit is not a 0 or 5.
6
c 5 is not divisible by 2. d 3 is not divisible by 2.

8 7
Exercise 3.01 e Last digit is not a 0. f 1 is not divisible by 2.

a 3100 b 49 000 c 2600 d 4 934 300 C 9 12, 6
a 24 000 b 45 000 c 63 000 d 48 000
1
a 60, 75 or 90 b 60 or 80 c 84
8
a 45 820 b 1700 c 8310 d 71 260

2
d 54, 60, 66, 72, 78, 84, 90, 96
10
a 64 000 b 64 200 c 64 220 d 60 000

3
D
a 1 328 000 b 1 330 000 c 1 327 510 d 1 000 000
4
a Yes b No c Yes d No
11
Your answers should be close to the following

5
a Yes b Yes c No d Yes
12
exact answers.
6 13
a 331 b 157 c 1587 d 255 Mental skills 3A

e 421 f 203 g 413 h 734 a 1800 26 000 770 000 1000
i 6723 j 15 744 k 276 l 72.43… e 315 000 1 000 000 2940 47 500
2 b c d
7 27 800 8 $17 500 i 240 1600 300 210

f g h
9 104 000 10 B m 12 000 9900 1600 3500

j k l
11 a 1000 km b 1000 km c 1000 km q 400 500 18 000 3 600 000

n o p
12 25 922 000 13 Teacher to check

r s t
Exercise 3.05
Exercise 3.02 a 12 b 21 c 43
a 238 b 1095 c 448 d 6825 d 25 e 147 f 6
1
$630
1
g 36 h 29 i 214
a 112 b 714 c 3096 d 3542
2
1 1 1
a 25 b 36 c 38
e 3252 f 630 g 1600 h 3424 3 14 13
3
2
4 552 km 5 1140 3 11 4 26 cm 5 25 weeks

6 a 170 78 c 128 228
e 112 176 g 128 264
b d
Exercise 3.06
a XXVII b LII c LXXIX d XCIII
7 a 110 70 c 140 180
f h
e MMDC f CCCXIV
1
e 270 410 g 80 240
b d
g CMXXVIII h MMMCDLXXVI
8 a 306 459 c 243 171
f h
i CLXV j CCXXX
e 450 1800 g 360 4100
b d
k MMCDLXXXII l CIX
9 C
f h
2 a 26 b 40 c 264 d 54
10 a 32 b 3968 c $1664
e 77 f 45 g 339 h 528
i 2162 j 1990 k 98 l 1507
3 a Teacher to check
Exercise 3.03
a 11 b 34 c 12 d 70
e 15 f 78 g 147 h 123 b They are cumbersome to use, and they take too
1
1 1 2 2 long to write.
a 12 b 229 c 158 d 259
4 3 3 7 4, 5 Teacher to check
2
C 4 $34 each. 6 5000 and 10 000
a 32 80 c 600 180
3
e 82 18 g 46 120
5 b d
Exercise 3.07
a 72 116 c 324 485 84 b 76 c (–5)3 d 15
f h
134 f 101 g (–4)2 × 93 h 22 × 122

1 a
e 54 122 g 109 26
6 b d
32 × 114 j 152 × (–6)2

e
154 cartons
f h
23 × 82 l 102 × 201
7 i
3×3×3×3×3 b 5×5
k
Exercise 3.04
a No b Yes c Yes d No 7×7×7×7 d (–6) × (–6) × (–6)
2 a
e No f Yes g Yes h No
1 c

2×2×2×2×4×4
12 × 12 × 12 × 11 × 11 × 11 × 11 × 11 × 11
e 12
16 b 125 c 32 d 1 000 000

f Number, x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
243 f 2401 g 1 h 16
3 a
Number 1 8 27 64 125 216 343 512 729 1000 1331 1728
27 j 1 k –59 049 l 4096

e cubed, x3
i 13 B
4 14 a 8 b 9 c 5 d 1 e 3
f 12 g 4 h 11 i 10
15 a 16 14 c 22
Power Number Name
of 10
d 40 27 f 21
b
ANSWERS
101 10 ten
16 D 17 B
e
18 a 7.1 5.7 c 9.8

102 100 hundred
d 4.1 9.7 f 5.7

103 1000 thousand b
106 1 000 000 million e
109 1 000 000 000 billion
Mental skills 3B
a 20 60 450 30
1012
1 000 000 000 000 trillion
e 190 26 53 720
2 b c d
1015 1 000 000 000 000 000 quadrillion
i 6 6 4 9
f g h
1018 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 quintillion
m 70 30 22 8
j k l
q 40 5 800 6
1021 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 sextillion n o p
1024 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 septillion r s t
1027
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 octillion
Exercise 3.09
a 1, 17 b 1, 3, 7, 21
1030 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 nonillion
c 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 d 1, 11
000 000 1
e 1, 5, 7, 35 f 1, 2, 4
1033 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 decillion
g 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18 h 1, 23
000 000 000
Exercise 3.08 i 1, 5, 25 j 1, 3, 9
81 289 100 k 1, 3 l 1, 19
49 169 324 a 3, 11, 17, 19, 23 b 4, 9, 18, 21, 24, 25, 35
1 a b c
1 25 400 C
2 a b c 2
256 1156 225 f They are all prime numbers.

d e f 3
9 49 169 Primes: 17, 41, 59, 71, 101 Composites: 10, 27, 33,
g h i 4
20 15 18 62, 77, 129, 472, 999, 2064, 967 504

j k l 5
16 13 34 a 37, 41, 43, 47

3 a b c
b 66, 68, 69, 70, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78

d e f 6
c 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19

4
d 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 46
Number, x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Teacher to check 8 B
Number 1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100 121 144
a Some possible answers: 1, 25, 9, 36, 4.

squared, 7
b Square numbers
x2 9
B
a 10 b 6 c 11 d 4
5
e 1 f 9 g 8 h 12
6
Exercise 3.10
i 5 (Different factor trees are possible.)
a 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 b 3×3×7
1
7 a 7 9 25
d 22 42 19 c 3×3×5 d 3 × 17
b c
g 30 28 16 e 2 × 2 × 3 × 11 f 2×3×3×3×5
e f
j 14 20 56 g 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 11 h 2 × 109
h i
8 0 and 1 i 2×3×3×5×7 j 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 13
k l
9 a 64 1331 1 k 5 × 5 × 11 l 2 × 3 × 3 × 19
10 a 343 4096 125 D 3 2×2×2×5×7
b c
(Different factor trees are possible.)

2
d 1000 8000 4913
b c
a 24 × 3 b 23 × 52 c 22 × 5 × 23 d 23 × 89
4
g 42 875 –512 –125
e f
11 a –8 20 35 e 2×7 f 2 ×3 g 52 × 13 h 33 × 5
h i
2 4 2
d –5 17 16 a 2 × 2 × 11 × 11 b 22
b c
a 25 b 30 c 15 d 28
e f 5
e 21 f 15 g 12 h 16
6
9780170453059 Answers 543

a 34 b 65 c 117
a 36 b 125 c 100 000 d 256
Exercise 3.11 8
C
a 7 b 12 c 20 d 9
9
a 1, 3, 9 b 1, 2, 4 1, 3, 5, 15 1, 2
1
a 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47

10
a 4 b 3 2 4
2 c d
46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 62,
11
e 14 f 4 5 6
3 c d
63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69

b
i 25 j 8 30 13
g h
c 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29

m 12 n 12 9 70
k l
d 42, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58
a 9
o p
a 22 × 3 × 5 b 23 × 52 c 24 × 32
a 162 b 12 c 35 d 4
4
a 16 b 18
12
Teacher to check
5
a 4 b 12
13
6
81
14
a 24 b 90
Exercise 3.12 15
7, 14, 21, 28, 35
400
16
B
1
17
16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44
2
16
3
Practice set 1
a 15 b 42 c 12 d 30 a 6 –5 –30 d 6
4
e 40 f 20 g 10 h 8 e 18 17 30 h –6
5 1 b c
i 18 j 21 k 60 l 60 i –2 6 –7 l –6
f g
6 a 24 m 15 –3 9 p –16
j k
7 Teacher to check a 103° b 57° c 295°

n o
8 a 420 b 400 c 220 d 180

2
9 Teacher to check
3 a
10 a 19 b 380
Power plus b c
a 8, 9, 25, 32, 125, 243 b 25, 64, 216, 243, 256, 343
c 81, 125, 128, 10 000, 14 641
1
a 1 b 121 c 12 321 d 1 234 321

2 b 8 c 4
a 123 454 321 b 1 234 567 654 321
2
2500 b 17 200 c 807 900
4 a
c 12 345 678 987 654 321

3
A
5 a
d 1 234 567.876 543 21

1519 b 1870 c 26
6
a 6 b 60
B
7 a
a 9 b 9 c 200
4
24° b 5° c 78°
8
d 8 e 75 f 2
5
148° b 90° c 75°
9 a
a 50 b 90 c 100
No b No c Yes
10 a
d 1000 e 1100 f 10 000

6
D
11 a
g 800 h 420 i 100 000

12
3 and 5, 5 and 7, 11 and 13, 17 and 19, 29 and 31,

13
41 and 43, 59 and 61, 71 and 73

7
14 Teacher to check
Test yourself 3
a 88 000 b 87 500 c 87 530 d 90 000 15 a –11 b –26 c 10 d 15 e 0
Estimates should be close to
1
f 31 g 11 h 52 i 60
a 1468 b 697 c 1767 d 75
2
16 C
a 48 b 170 297 17 a m = 130 b = 110
d 200 e 882 10 170
3 c
c p = 142 a = 98
b
a 240 b 124 162

f
e p = 54 a = 88, b = 92
d
d 132 e 16 121
4 c
g c = 142 m = 55
f
a Yes b No c Yes d No
f
i m = 37, p = 87 x = 296
h
e No f Yes g No h No
5
k x = 30 y = 90
j
B 18 a 36 b 27 c 5 d 11
l
7
a 256 b 26 c 124
6
7
12 19 18°C

20 a 18 = 2 × 32 b 45 = 32 × 5 3 1 4 3
c 360 = 23 × 32 × 5 8 4 5 4
7 a b c d
21 Yes: 111 + 69 = 180, so co-interior angles add up to 3 4 1 2

7 5 4 3
180°, therefore the lines are parallel.
e f g h
22 a 12 b 9 8 a C b D c C
23 a 77 b 42 1 1 2
9 a 2 b 2 c 2 d 1
4 7 3
1 1 1 1
e 2 f 1 g 1 h 1
Chapter 4 3 4 3 3
1 1 1 3
10 a 1 b 3 c 4 d 6
2 6 4 4
ANSWERS
SkillCheck
7 11 27 1
1 3 e 17 f 100 g 1 h 5
20 16 50 3
4 4
11 D
1 a i ii
3 3
12 A mixed numeral, because a proper fraction is less
6 6
than 1 while a mixed numeral is greater than 1.
b i ii
7 5
12 12
c i ii
15 5
Exercise 4.02
d i
20
ii
20 7 5 7
10 3 8
6 3
1 a b c
2 1 4
9 9 e 2 f 3
e i ii
3 5 7
d
5 4
3 9 1
9 9
5 8 4
f i ii
12
2 a b c
3 Teacher to check 1 2 1
31 e 4 f 1
6 3 5
2
1
Teacher to check
d
3 C
a 12 b 19 c 7
4 5
1 1 2 3 3 1
3
d 7 e 5 f 3
6
2 3 3 4 8 2
4 a > b < c <
3 7 5 1 5 1
d 2 <2
5 10 6 2 12 3
7 e > f >
17 6 11 2 3 2
i 2 <5
20 10 15 3 7 5
g > h >
5 Teacher to check
8 a 3 b 3 c 8 0 1 2
1–
–3 1 1–2 2 1–4
6 a
9 a 12 b 10 c 24 4 4
10 Teacher to check 0 1 2
–2
3–
1 1–5 1 3–5 1 4–5
b
13 3 1 5 5
60 4 6
11 a b c
1 0 1 1– 5 3 1
c
– — –
6 3 12 4
3
12
0—
1 1– –2 —1
11
1 12– 1 –34 2
d
3 12
Exercise 4.01 12 6
M P M
M P I 0 1
1 a b c
1 3– 9 3 7–
e
— — –
16 8 16 4 8
P P I
d e f
P M I
3---
g h i
3
7 a
1 1 3 1
j k l
a 4 b 3 c 1 d 4 0 2
– 1 1 1–3 2 7
–
3 4 10 5 3 3
2
3 3 1
e 1 f 4 g 5 h 7 --5-
35 8 5 5
b
10 15 1 0 1 2
i 4 j 10 k 3 l 10 1– 3–
1 3–5 9–
2 –25
11 19 10 5 5 5
3 13 9 10
2 8 7 3 –1–16 –1 – –13 0 1 5 1
3 a b c d c
– –
2 6
9 37 37 38
2 10 6 5
–1 0 9 1
e f g h
a 12 b 25 c 8 –7 – –
–10 1
– –14 2–
d
—
2 5 10
d 56 e 72 f 75
4
C 9 Teacher to check
g 6 h 3 i 9
8
5 Teacher to check 6 D
9780170453059 Answers 545

2 9 4 a 9 b 7 c 20 d 8
c 1
e 5 f 22 g 3 h 30
1
3 10 3
1 a b d
2 1 2 1 i 15 j 50 k 75 l 12
5 2 5 4
2 a $21 b $8 c $8 d 20c
e f g h
5 13 1 1
6 15 4 8 e $0.30 f $2.50 g $135 h 36c
2 a b c d
2 1 20 3 i $2.50 j $12 k $3200 l $240
3 20 63 4 3 a 30 min b 135 min c 18 h
e f g h
7 3 1 5
l 1 d 18 min e 73 days f 45 s
8 10 9 24
i j k
27 11 7 2 g 200 s h 18 min i 32 h
1 p 1
40 20 24 35 j 8 months
m n o
D 4 a 27 b 18
1 11 5 a 250 m b 2250 m c 45 mm
3
6 12
d 10 cm e 750 g f 3500 mL
4 a b
5
g 320 m h 3 mm i 2700 g
12
5
1 2 1 j 1000 L k 4800 mm l 40 000 kg
a 4 c 4 d 5
2 3 2 6 D 7 24
6 b
2 3 2 2
e 3 f 6 g 2 h 6 8 a 12
5 8 3 3
9 54
b
7
8 Teacher to check
20 10 a Ashleigh 9, Bethany 6, Thomas 2
7
b Only 17 horses are given to the children
Exercise 4.04 c Teacher to check
1 2 1
a 3 b 4 c 3 d 3
4 15 8
1
Mental skills 4A
1 1 1 5 a 14 9 7 8
e 4 f 4 g 2 h 3
12 10 2 6
e 3 8 10 5
2 b c d
1 3 1 10
i 1 j 4 k 2 l 5 i 33 5 15 18
f g h
20 20 12 21
m 26 6 36 6
j k l
C
q 14 160 14 2
n o p
1 2 3 1
2
a 2 b 1 d 3
r s t
2 5 7 3
3 c
3 7 2 3
1 2 g 13 h 21
Exercise 4.06
4 12 9 20
e f
2 9 35 9
7 3 21 19
1 c 1 d 1 15 20 48 80
1 a b c d
10 4 40 20
4 a b
5 7 1 4 5 9 20 21
1 g 1 h 2 16 64 63 160
6 10 2 5
e f g h
B
e f
11 3
1
2
1 3 1
12 4 d 1
i j
7 10 18
11
3 a b c
3 h or 3h 55 min 5 4 3 5
12
5
16 21 20 32
1 5
e f g h
a 2 b 3 3 2 2
10 8 j 15 k 2
25 7 25
6
17 3
i l
1 h or 1 h 51 min 11 1 3 9
20 10
7 8
24 64 5 16
m n o p
1 5 3
b 1 c 6
9 a i
1
2 21 40
4 1 2
2 4 a
17 7 4
d 6 e 2 f 5
24 9 9
1 1 1
2 4
5
42 hours
2 2 2
8
5
8 eggs, 20 cups of flour, 2 cups of sugar
1
3 3 1
2 6
1 1 1 1 b 3+ 3 =2× 3
+ + = 3×
4 4 4 4 5 5 5
7 a
6 1
ii
3 = =1
=
1 5
1
4 5 5
6 6
3 3 3 3 3 3 1 5
+ + + + = 5× d 5× =
8 8 8 8 8 8 7 7
1 2
1 0 c
15 7
3 3
= =1
8 8
1 1 1
1
2 3 6

4 6 4
3 21 3 24
e 7× f 8× = 5 7 5
20 20 5 5
d e f
=
1 4 11 16 30
=1 =4
20 5 4 3 7
2 a b c
1 33 31 53
17 hours
2 5 3 6
8 d e f
7 2 4 3 2 5
8 3 5 a 3 b 3 c 5
5 7 8
9 a b c 3
d Teacher to check 2 3 1
d 7 e 12 f 19
10 False, teacher to check 11 10 12
1 1 4 1
b 1 c 1
ANSWERS
10 14 15 14
Exercise 4.07 4 a d
1 11 4 21
3
b 5
8
d 10 e 1 f 1
2 5 2 24 15 32
1 a c g h
1 5 5
1 2 4 1 i 1 j 6 k 3 l 2
e
7
f
5
g
7
h
9 6 6 8
1 1 1 9
a 12 b 10 c 21 d 15 m4 n 15 p 3
8 9 10 20
e 42 f 80 g 16 h 8
2 o
2 a 68 b 56 c 25
C 4 38 hours d $510 e $1680 f $88
5
5
3
3 1
b 4 c 1 17
1
8 2 3
5 a 6
9 21 24 3
d 1 a 12 h b $159.38
16 25 25 4
7
208 9 0.015 g
e f
11 1
i 2
8
18 2
g h
1 1 3
j 1
Exercise 4.10
4 5 4 1 7 2 9
k l
7
a 1 b 0 20 50 25 10
1 a b c d
10 7 7 31 23
a It equals 1
6 c
100 200 300 400

b Your answer is the number squared
7 e f g h
a 0.28 b 0.06 c 0.161 d 0.213
B
e 0.02 f 0.2 g 0.7807 h 0.265
2
1 5 1 5
8
1
7 49 12 12 a 9% b 17% c 62 % d 90%
9 a b c d
2
3 4 7 1
3
10 a 3 b 2 d 1 e 22% f 30% g 20% h 55%
4 5 8 3
11 8 1
c
i 75% j 48% k 42 % l 82%
2 7 2
1 1 2
21 10 m6 % n 33 % o 150% p 22 %
4 3 9
12 a b
13 True, teacher to check a 24% b 50% c 86% d 57.1%
e 6% f 34.5% g 240% h 0.7%
4
i 130% j 0.1% k 31.5% l 2.6%

Exercise 4.08
258 A 6 A
a 66 b 7
1 5
11 4
2
a Anthony
15 15
Exercise 4.11
a 6 b $204 7.5 d 84 mm
3 b c
1
127 5 20
e 148 kg f 7.2 g $165 h 10.8
1 c
2
4
5 i $96 j 224 mL $1.30 l 405 m
g
b 50 minutes
6
m $15.40 n 2.7 ha 15 min
6 a k
2 8 40
B 3 42 4 312 girls
o
3
7
6 hours 280 a 124 chickens 651 other animals
2
4
9 10
148 D
5 b
1
D
30 a $150 $160
6 7
11 12
21 1

8 b
40 9
13 14
15 a 24 b 4
Mental skills 4B
15 b 6 c 3 d 2 e 9
19 g 16 h 80 i 16 j 7
2 a
17 l 54 m 30 n 7 o 9
Exercise 4.09 f
2 1 1
18
k
3 2 3
1 a b c p
9780170453059 Answers 547

1 3 1
21 4 2
Exercise 4.12 d e f
4
b No (only got 80%) g 2
1
h 8 i 1
1
5 4 5
1 a
C 11 a 50
1
c 1
1
d 2 e 6
2 6 2
2
b 20% c 12, 40%
b
32 1
5 g 3 h 2 i 1
3 a
1 35 2
a Maths 74% English 70% Science 83 %
f
3 7
12 6 litres 1 spotted
4
1
Geography 62 % Health 65% Technology 92% 12
13
2
25 19 1
Technology b 1
72 30 2
40% b 25% c 70% d 25%
b 14 a c
1 5 8
5% f 3% g 25% h 25% e 1 f 10
5 a
40 12 9
d
70% j 45% k 15% l 20%
e
13
ii 0.13
i
100
15 a i
2
ii 0.08
Power plus
4 1 1 49 27 25
b i
3
25 27 8 100 64 ii 0.075
1 a b c d e
2 5 9 3 3 40
c i
1
3 7 10 4 4 16 a 70% b 92% c 22 %
f g h i j
2
a 75 m b 45 m d 80% e 36.1% f 4%
16 4 7 eggs
2
4 41
1 3 17 0.6, 60%, , 80%, , 0.82
3
a 2 b 1 5 50
4 5 18 a 36 b $72 c 6
5 c
1
a 33 % b 16 %
2 2
c 14 %
1
d 11 % d $23.10 e 51 kg f 234 m
3 3 7 9
19 13.2 min
6
1 1 2 4
e 9 % f 8 % g 66 % h 44 % 4
11 3 3 9 20%
13
a $262.50 b 2 kg c 12 L
20 21
17
b 85%
7
20
22 a
Test yourself 4
7 22 28 22 Chapter 5
4 9 5 7
1 a b c d
3 2 2 12 1
a 1 b 8 c 3 d 1=1
4 3 7 24 2
2 SkillCheck
1 5 3 12 4 16 a 8 b 4 c 6 d 15
e 2 f 30 g 6 h 9
1
3 15 4 16 5 20
3 a = b = c =
5 15 1 25 3 15 i –3 j –3 k –1 l –7
12 36 2 50 20 100 a 6 b 6 c 10
d = e= f =
5 3 3 d 7 e –4 f 7
2
6 4 4
a 11 b 20 c 11 d 9 e 4
4 a b c
1 1 4
d 1 f 7 g 25 h 1 i 2 j 32
3
3 2 7
e f
3 2 7 4 1 1 7 11 a 150 b 252 c 140
a , , , b , , ,
d 80 e 130 f 26
4
10 5 10 5 3 2 12 12
5
7 1
a 1 Yes
10 6
a 12 b 20 c 9
6 b c 5
11 5 1
d 11 e 7 f 5
6
20 6 8
d e f
a 9
2
b 4
1 5 a –11 17 1 14
3 3 6 e 16 6 –13 21
7 c 7 b c d
3 1 2
d 4 e 1 f 3 a –3 –5 –12 –2
f g h
10 3 3
e 3 –11 36 3
8 b c d
1
a A 9, B 8, R 12, O 7, T 20, H 3
2 i –10 –8 –9 –72
f g h
1
8
b 3 , 7, 8, 9, 12, 20; H O B A R T
j k l
2
9 a 16 hours b 1600 m Exercise 5.01
c 135 min d 105 mm 25 118 48
150 150 80
1 a b c
e 50 seconds f 125 cm
10 65 14
d e f
2 5
b 6 119 100 84
g h i
15 14
10 a c j k l

a 170 b 810 1400 a 160 b 204 c 1188 d 816
d 640 e 140 150 e 174 f 252 g 270 h 539
2 c 6
g 48 h 400 80 D
f
j 600 k 90 1400
i 7
a 7000 10 000 270 d 2800

l
Exercise 5.03
e 400 1200 160 h 24 000 a u÷u=1 b p + p = 2 × p c a + (–a) = 0
3 b c
d p×0=0 e u+0=u f –a × (–a) = a2

1
i 24 000 3300 1800 l 2500
f g
m 320 400 21 000 p 210 000 a 3w c 9acd d 6a

j k
2 b b2
D D
n o
f 2f g 7m h 6wh
5
e
a F T T d F
4 5 e
ANSWERS
i 3m j 4f l 10abc
e T F F h T
2
6 b c
16
k d
i F T T l F n 2g2 o 9x
f g
j k m p h
q 8q r 8mn s –12pr t 3a + 2b
n
2
Exercise 5.02
u a3b2
a 18 × 12 = 18 × (10 + 2 )
B
1
= 18 × 10 + 18 × 2 16
b 7 + 3n
e−6
3
= 180 + 36 5a 2
4 a c
= 216 d 4s – 8 e c2 +d2
9
k
f +m
b 16 × 9 = 16 × (10 – 1) h 12 − i 7 + 7u2
9+m 2
k r
g
= 16 × 10 – 16 × 1 A
x×y b 2×n÷r c 1×x=x
5
= 160 – 16
12 × r × s b –2 × n × n
6 a
= 144
8÷f d r×r+t×t
7 a
c 21 × 11 = 21 × (10 + 1)
9×a×a×b f 5×m×n–2×a
c
= 21 × 10 + 21 × 1 (x + 1) ÷ 3 h q×q×q
e
= 210 + 21 14 – 2 × d × d j –4 × c ÷ 5
g
= 231 x×x×y×y l 4×j–8÷k

i
D
k
d 15 × 8 = 15 × (10 – 2 ) 8
= 15 × 10 – 15 × 2
= 150 – 30
Exercise 5.04
= 120 a N+N c 3N d N–7
2
N
1 b
135 b 162 c 234 d 279
f N–1 g 5N h N + 21
128 f 104 g 176 h 112
2 a
10
N
e
243 j 360 k 304 l 261 i N–1 k N+3

e
l N3
8
N
B
i j
187 b 264 c 165 d 319

3
No difference except the N would be replaced by
m N
300 f 168 g 288 h 396

4 a
the X. The letter used makes no difference to the
2
480 j 132 k 108 l 209 expression.

e
a x+y+z b b – c or c – b c uv
i
a 6 × 22 = 6 × (20 + 2) 3
= 6 × 20 + 6 × 2
5
d uv2
2
C m+n
= 120 + 12
e f
10a h b–3 i 5–c
d
= 132
g
c–5 l t2
b 12 × 19 = 12 × (20 – 1) 3
e
j k
m 9xz n k – 12
= 12 × 20 – 12 × 1
1 20 − g
= 240 – 12 o (20 − g ) or
2 2
= 228 C
c 40 × 41 = 40 × (40 + 1) a b+g b 4n c d–r d $2s
4
= 40 × 40 + 40 × 1 e $ f 2x + 2y or 2(x + y)
5
3
a
= 1600 + 40
g xy
h $(5m + 3i)
= 1640 C
d 25 × 48 = 25 × (50 – 2)
6
= 25 × 50 – 25 × 2
= 1250 – 50
= 1200
9780170453059 Answers 549

B
c 2c 2
Mental skills 5A 4
a 160 b 130 c 60 d 140 y4 b a3 d t5
7q3 h −5p 4 k 3
5 a
e 210 f 270 g 190 h 220
2
f k3 l 2 g m3 n2
−3y 3 j −d e f k 4q2 r 4
e
i 300 j 170 k 80 l 290
2 2
A
i
4m b 9e c −7p d 9x
6
Exercise 5.05
3
7 a
a 15 51 122 d –18 e 4w f 8 g −5
4
a 40 58 17 d 0
1 b c h
7n
i 2p j −7
a 8 44 –16 d 2
2 b c
5
p
k l −
a 16 –19 101 d 36 a 2m2 b −3e c −5p d 7x

3 b c m
3
8
a 73 –53 –8 d 10 e −2w f 4m g −8ky
4 b c
4
h
a 5 11 –3 d 19
5 b c
i 5de k −8a l −2m
a 22 26 4 d 34
6 b c
9 D
j a
a 16 b –3 c –24
7 b c
10 a −3 b −3 c −15y 3 d 6e
a 10 b 22 c –50
8
e 6x 2 f 8mn g 3 h 3a
a 14 b 35 c –28
9
5p
j 2d l 1
C $3740 5c
10 a
i k
m
1
11 12
13 27 m2 10
2
14
15 86°F $149 Exercise 5.08
17 A a x=3 b x=9 c a=5 d m = 20
16
e b = 10 f c=4 g k=6 h d = 13
1
Exercise 5.06 i m = 15 j x=5 k y = 15 l n = 25

a 4p, 2p, p b m2, 3m2 B
c 5ac, 7ca d vw, 2wv and 5v, 9v
1
a x=5 p=7 k=5 x=4
2
e 6pq, 2qp, 3pq f 2d, 3d e x=3 x=8 m = 28 a = 12

3 b c d
g 4mn, 2nm, mn h x2 y, 4x2 y i d=2 n=1 r = 15 k = 11

f g h
i 5ba, ab m p = –2 r = 10 y = 15 x=2
j k l
2 C B
n o p
3 a 11k b 7mn c 2xy d 9abc

4
e 6x 2 f 5ef 2 g 5d h 5mk Exercise 5.09

i 4xy j −4de k 3k2 l 3w2 w=7 b x = 18 m = 16
4 C p = 18 e x=9 k=9
1 a c
5 a 5k + 4j b 9ab + 2 c 7m2 + 2m m = –3 h y = 10 d = –9
d f
d 10s2 − 7st e 10mn f 9k + 3 m=6 b n=4 k = 11

g i
g 2y2 h 12d − 4e i 4 − 2x c = 16 e x=9 x = –9

2 a c
j 8bg k 9 − 2g l 5a + 2c d=6 h h = –5 a=7

d f
6 a 3x − 3y b 4ab + 3bc c 9k2 + 11 p = 11 b m = 13 x = 17

g i
d 6bc − 9a e x − 7x + 7 f 4p2 y = 60 e k = 24 n = 21
3 a c
2
g 12y + 14 h 7r + 3s i 7b + 6g d = 18 h y=9 m=4

d f
j 6x2 − 13x + 6 k 52a l 7q − 7 m = 12 b d = 10 c x = 40 d k = 48

g i
m −6y n 12 x = 60 f a = –8 g k = 30 h n = –55
4 a
7 C D
e
8, 9 Teacher to check m =19 b p=8 c p = 19

5
n = –8 e x = 10 f n=9
6 a
1
x=7 h y = –4 i h=7
d
Exercise 5.07
2
D
g
j x=3 k k = –10 l n=0
a 15y 16m c 4km d 20t
1
B
e 12f 16xy g 30mp h 18bd
2 b 7
i 12d2 120mn k 48y 2 l 27r 2

f
Exercise 5.10
m 72ab o 42jk p 10r 2s2t
j
x2 y2 x =5 x=3 x=2
q 18ac 2d r h2 j 3 k 2 s 24p 2q 2 t 6m2n2
n
x=4 x=9 x = –8
1 a b c
a −8bd b −24m 2 −90kl x=2 x=1 x=4

d e f
d −60p e −63k 75b 2

3 c
x=3 x = –1 x = –2
g h i
g −12m2n2 h −12a2 b 2 c 40r 2

f
D
j k l
j −216d 2 e k 144x 2 −40m 2

i 2
l

x=7 x=8 x=3 P = a + b + c + (b – d) + (a – c) + d
x = 11 x=2 x=2 = 2a + 2b
3 a b c f i
x=3 x=5 x = –5 ii A = ad + c(b – d)

d e f
x=9 x = –2 x = –1 or bc + d(a – c)
g h i
D or ab – [(a – c) × (b – d)]
j k l
x =8 m=9 k = 20 c 0 d 1 e 2x
4
b x2
a = 16 n = 16 h = –35 x2 + 1
5 a b c 4 a x
f 0 g –x h x2 i 1
m=6 k = 15 x = –12
d e f j
a x = –1 b k = –3 c n = –2
x
a=9 h = –15 x = 14
g h i
1
5
d r=9 e d=0 f z = –2
D
j k l
ANSWERS
6 2
Mental skills 5B Test yourself 5

108 243 414 171 a 28 b 118 c 170
306 567 189 135 d 3100 e 390 f 2800
2 a b c d 1
187 242 418 440 a 198 b 136 c 297 d 156

e f g h
275 209 594 341 n – (–n) = 2 × n

4 a b c d 2
528 180 348 372

e f g h 3
a 4x
624 216 312 444 5
6 a b c d 4 b
u
c y
d 10a e 24abc f 20mw2
e f g h
Exercise 5.11 a 4×m×n×kb 6×a÷b c 9×c×c

a 3N b N – 5 or 5 – N c N + 1
5
5t = $55, t = $11 b 10x = $4.80, x = $0.48 6
2n = 110, n = 55 d y – 4 = 6, y = 10
1 a
3
N
B, 299 b A, 1140 mL
c d
M+3 b B+5 c 2H – k
A, 39 d D, 53
2 a
7 b 0 c 6 d 60
7 a
4a + 12 = 240, a = 57
c
109 b –11 c 169 d 94
8 a
2l + 17 + 17 = 100, l = 33
3 a
m=4 b k = 12 c d = 18
9 a
6y – 13 = 95, y = 18
b
w = 35 b e = 12 c p=3 d x = 12
10 a
n + (n + 1) + (n + 2) = 48, n = 15
c
t=2 b n=3 c y=3
11 a
11b
d
= 44 , b = 8 m = 68 e x=9 f m = 10
12 a
2
C b N = 59
e d
f 7n – 184 = 2000, n = 312
5N = 180, N = 36 b 456
13 a
g 200 + = $750, x = $2750

14 a
5
x
4 5 5 391 6 A 7 D 8 A Chapter 6
Power plus
a 5a – 3b b –4m – 10n
SkillCheck
c 4j – k + 4 d 5b2
1
1 a
e 3x – 6x
2
f 5xy + 2yz + 4xz
2 a –2 b –24 c 10 d 9
e 8 f 4 g 7 h 4
3 a i P = 2l + 2b or 2(l + b)
ii A = lb
b i P = 2 + y + x + y + 2 + x or 2(x + 2 + y)
b
= 4 + 2x + 2y
ii A = x(2 + y)
2
c i P=p+q+r
ii A =
2 a AB and DC, or AD and BC
pq
d i P=m+5+m+3+n
b No c 90° d 65°
3
= 8 + 2m + n
Teacher to check
1 3n
ii A = mn + × 3 × n = mn +
4
2 2
e i P=x+y+y+x+x
5 a, b, d D E
= 3x + 2y
1
ii A = x2 + × x × 2
2
= x2 + x
G F
c DE and FG, DG and EF
9780170453059 Answers 551

6 a c
d
7 Teacher to check
Exercise 6.01
reflection b translation
reflection d rotation
1 a
translation f rotation
c
translation h rotation
e
reflection j rotation
g
reflection l rotation
i
k
2 a b
e
c d
4 a b
o o
c d
3 a o
o
b o
The answer is the same.

a 270° b 90° c 270° d 180°
5
a 1 left, 5 up b 3 down
6
A
7
8

rotation and translation, or 2 reflections, or
reflection and translation
1 a 1 a b
b rotation and translation

c rotation and reflection
2 a b
c d
ANSWERS
e f Infinite
g h
3 a
a a, e b d, h c f d b, c
a 1 b 1 c 0
2
d 5 e 0 f 3
3
4
D H I MO V X
b c a 3 b 1 c 1
d 1 e 1 f 3
5
Teacher to check
b
6
7 a
4 a
c d
l m
8–10 Teacher to check
b Translation
5 a i rotation, rotation
Exercise 6.04
a Yes, order 4 b Yes, order 2 c No
ii translation
d Yes, order 6 e Yes, order 2 f No
1
b i reflection, reflection
H, I, N, O, S, X, Z
ii rotation
a and f, order 3
2
c i rotation, reflection
Teacher to check
3
ii reflection
a i 4 ii Yes, order 4
4
b i 6 ii Yes, order 6
5
c i 1 ii No
d i 8 ii Yes, order 8
9780170453059 Answers 553

e i 5 ii Yes, order 5
f i 1 ii No
Exercise 6.07
ii a and b
D ii q and p
1 a i d
Teacher to check 8 Circle

6
ii x and z
b i t
7
a h = 104 b y = 16
c i w
c e = 95, d = 85, d b = 116, a = 50

2
Mental skills 6
a 330 b 160 c 1580 d 260
e m = 135 f y = 114, x = 66
e 420 f 200 g 410 h 740
2
g e = 67 h h = 29
i 6600 j 16 000 k 280 l 70
i m = 90 j x = 70
k p = 130 l w = 88
B
Exercise 6.05
a scalene, right scalene, right
a m = 112 b a = 94, b = 86
3
c scalene, acute isosceles, obtuse

1 b
c a = 74, b = 74, c = 38
4
e isosceles, obtuse isosceles, acute

d
B
g equilateral, acute isosceles, acute
f
angle sum of a triangle, angles on a straight line

5
i isosceles, right equilateral, acute

h
6
k isosceles, acute scalene, obtuse

j
Teacher to check
l Exercise 6.08
a rhombus b parallelogram c square
2
d trapezium e rectangle f kite
1
None
3 a b
2 Teacher to check
3 a b
c d
None
c d
e f
None None
e f
Yes, equilateral triangles.

No. In an equilateral triangle, all angles are equal.
4
Teacher to check
5
4 Number
No, 2 obtuse angles can’t be joined to form a triangle.

6 Order of rotational
Quadrilateral of axes of
symmetry
C
7 symmetry
a 1 b, c Teacher to check
8 Square 4 4
a 3 b, c Teacher to check
9 Parallelogram 0 2
a x = 42, equal angles of an isosceles triangle

10 Trapezium 0 No rotational symmetry
b y = 7, equal sides of an isosceles triangle

11 Rhombus 2 2
x = 60, angles in an equilateral triangle equal 60°

Kite 1 No rotational symmetry
d l = 4.8, equal sides of an isosceles triangle

c
Rectangle 2 2
a = b = 17.2, equal sides of an equilateral triangle square, rectangle

f r = 15, equal angles of an isosceles triangle
e
parallelogram, rhombus, square, rectangle
5 a
12 B parallelogram, rhombus, square, rectangle

b
trapezium e rhombus, square

c
kite, rhombus, square

d
Exercise 6.06
a a = 50 b b = 30 c c = 30 d = 60 parallelogram, trapezium
f
e e = 124 f f = 50 g g = 67 h = 22
1 d
parallelogram, rhombus, rectangle
g
i i = 52 j j = 90 k k = 60 l = 30
h
A
h
m m = 65 n n = 139 o q = 158 m = 60
l 6
q y = 120 r x = 96 s x = 50
p
Exercise 6.09
a x = 60 a = 80 a a = 90 b = 60 c = 140 d d = 93
c a = 40, b = 50, c = 90
2 b
e e = 90 f = 75 g = 45 h i = 130
1 b c
C 4 C 5 A i j = 75 r = 90 m = 62 l l = 25
f g
d = 90, e = 130
3
m n = 131 p = 50 x = 280, y = 80
j k
6 n o

D 3 A
a x = 72, y = 108 b y = 30 c m = 92
2
a 90° b Rectangle
4
5
Exercise 6.10
2 a Trapezium Parallelogram Rhombus Rectangle Square Kite
Opposite sides are equal ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Opposite sides are parallel ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
ANSWERS
Opposite angles are equal ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
All angles are 90° ✓ ✓
Diagonals are equal ✓ ✓
Number of axes of symmetry 0 0 2 2 4 1
Order of rotational symmetry 0 2 2 2 4 0
(Note: An isosceles trapezium has line symmetry, but other trapeziums do not.)
Pairs of adjacent sides equal, diagonals intersect at right angles, one pair of equal and
opposite angles, one diagonal bisects the angles of the kite.
c
3, 4 Teacher to check. See also question 2.
5 b Trapezium Parallelogram Rhombus Rectangle Square Kite

Diagonals are equal ✓ ✓
Diagonals bisect each other ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Diagonals intersect at right angles ✓ ✓ ✓
Diagonals bisect the angles of the quadrilateral ✓ ✓
B
rectangle, square
6 10
parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus

7 a
Shape Properties
rectangle, square
b
Trapezium • One pair of parallel sides
parallelogram, rhombus, rectangle, square

c • No axes of symmetry
parallelogram
d
Kite • 2 pairs of adjacent sides are equal
kite, rhombus, square

e • One pair of opposite angles are equal
square, rhombus
f • Has one axis of symmetry
rectangle, square
g • Diagonals intersect at right angles
h
cointerior, parallel, 110, 70, angles
Parallelogram • Opposite sides are equal and parallel
• Opposite angles are equal
a Yes, a square is a rectangle

8
• No axes of symmetry
b Yes, a rhombus is a parallelogram.

9 • Diagonals bisect each other
Rhombus • All 4 sides are equal
• Opposite sides are parallel
• Opposite angles are equal
• Has 2 axes of symmetry
• Diagonals bisect at right angles
• Diagonals bisect the angles of the
rhombus
Rectangle • All 4 angles measure 90°
• Opposite sides are equal and parallel
• Diagonals are equal
• Diagonals bisect each other
Square • All 4 sides are equal
• All 4 angles measure 90°
• Diagonals are equal and bisect each
other at right angles
• Diagonals bisect the angles of the square
9780170453059 Answers 555

Power plus b
a Yes b No c Yes
d Yes e No f No
1
2 a all angles equal 90°

b all sides equal all sides equal
3 a parallelogram kite
c
c
c rectangle rectangle
b
e parallelogram parallelogram
d
f
Test yourself 6 4
1 a
5 a
b c
2 a
a Yes, order 2 b Yes, order 5 c No

a equilateral, acute-angled
6
b scalene, right-angled
7
c isosceles, acute-angled
d scalene, obtuse-angled
e scalene, acute-angled
b
f isosceles, right-angled
a isosceles, acute-angled
b ∠F and ∠H
8
a equilateral, acute angled

b scalene, acute angled
9
c
Reasons include angle sum of a triangle.

a x = 59 b u = 51
10
c a = 127 d v = 76
e p = 100 f m = 62, n = 56
g y = 80, z = 130
B
C
11
Reasons include exterior angle of a triangle.

12
a x = 111 b m = 129 c x = 112

3 a 13
d p = 96 e m = 99 f y = 70
a square b rhombus c trapezium
d parallelogram e rectangle f kite
14

15 a 9
10 a
None None
ANSWERS
b
square 4, rhombus 2, parallelogram 2,

rectangle 2
b
A quadrilateral with all sides equal.

a parallelogram b trapezium
16
a y = 70 b x = 81 c m = 26 d y = 61
17
c
C
18
Teacher to check
19
a square, rectangle
20
b square, rectangle
21
c square, rectangle, parallelogram, rhombus 11 a > b < c >

d square, rectangle, parallelogram, rhombus 12 a 198 b 192 c 135 d 264
5 1 19
13 a 7 b 3
12 10 24
c
Practice set 2
C
14 a
5 11 1
1
6 15 8
2 a b c
a 25% b 60% c 57.5%
X
3
4 a b
a 2w b a2 c 4abk d 4p
3 7 1
5
f 0 g 8k h 10m c 8
2 10 18 3
m
e 15 a b
a 2
2
b 3
1
c 1
2
d 1
5 16 a 40% b 5% c 12%
5 2 3 6 17 a $10 b 18 mins
6
4 2 5 7
7 a
5
b
3
c
8
d
10 18 a m = 60 b x = 50
8 a 62 b 1800 c 10 d 620 c k = 65 d m = 60
9780170453059 Answers 557

19 a scalene, right-angled
b scalene, acute-angled
Exercise 7.01
2 b 3 c 4 d 3 e 5
c isosceles, acute-angled 1 g 6 h 5 i 7
1 a
d equilateral, acute-angled A
f
20 a –5 b 19 c 8 9.998, 23.89, 43.89, 56.314, 56.324, 80.879, 400

2
21 a x = 23 b x = –9 0.0586, 0.099, 0.568, 0.586, 0.684, 1.002, 5.608

3 a
c d = –6 d m=5 0.222, 0.89, 0.891, 1.23, 1.814, 7.007

b
22 75 cm 0.005, 0.05, 0.5

c
1
b 5% 3.004, 3.044, 3.4, 3.404, 3.441
d
20
0.022, 0.2, 0.202, 0.22
23 a e
24 D
C
f
5 ii Yes, order 5
4000.99, 1256.3, 570.25, 400.099, 125.63, 0.9899
4
4 ii Yes, order 4
25 a i
6.539, 5.639, 5.37, 5.369, 5.367, 3.66, 3.659

5 a
3 ii Yes, order 3
b i
1.61, 1.601, 1.6, 1.599, 1.509

b
1 1 1
c i
26 a 1 c 4
2 25 6 6.6, 6, 0.6, 0.06
c
b
b x–4 c d–7 d 28 – b
7.07, 0.77, 0.707, 0.7, 0.07, 0.007
d
28 a p = 105 b k = 40 c x = 90
27 a pq
0.44, 0.404, 0.4004, 0.044
e
1
29 a m = 5 b n=1 c x=3 d x=8 0.2 < 0.25 b 0.731 > 0.73
f
2
30 a x = 130 b m = 50 c n = 35 0.035 < 0.305 d 0.007 < 0.070
6 a
1
31 a 4h + 16 = 200, h = 46 b 4p + 14 = 56, p = 10 1.59 > 1.059 f 0.099 < 0.99
c
2
32 a parallelogram, rhombus, rectangle, square 44.44 > 4.444 h 0.7932 > 0.7239
e
b rectangle, square c square

g
d kite
7 a
1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.4
33 C b 3.99 4.11
3.95 3.98 4.03 4.05 4.07 4.09 4.12
Chapter 7 c
0.62 0.63 0.65 0.67 0.69 0.71
SkillCheck d
8.0 8.02 8.06 8.1 8.12 8.16 8.2
1 e
Hundreds Tens Units Tenths Hundredths Thousandths 0.07 0.11 0.13 0.21 0.23 0.25
a 1 4 8 2 f
1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6
b 6 0 1 4
g 4.45 4.55 4.675 4.75
c 9 3 1 0 2
4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8
d 7 0 8
e 0 3 7 5
f 0 1 9
Exercise 7.02
7
ii 0.7
g 8 5 9 2
10
h 7 1 5 3 1 a i
a 4 hundreds b 4 tenths c 4 hundredths 5 1
ii 0.5
d 4 units e 4 thousandths f 4 tenths 10 2
2 b i =
5 1
9 2 7 6 ii 0.5
50 5 20 25 10 2
3 a b c d c i =
4 2
a 20, 21, 30, 32, 34 b 206, 213, 216, 230, 234 ii 0.4
10 5
a 320 b 57 800 c 325 000 d 4000
4 d i =
D
e 40 f 12 g 1000 h 810
5 2
7 2 39 143
i 64 10 5 100 250
3 a b c d
a 45, 44, 42, 40, 39, 38 3 1 11 41
b 556, 549, 522, 520, 513, 505 1000 20 100 125
6
e f g h
3 999 13 1
a 30 b 800 c 9000 d 17 000
10 1000 1000 2500
Teacher to check
7 i j k l
471 321 1001 91
a 553 b 825 c 717 d 258 e 764
8
10000 1000 2000 100
m n o p
f 174 g 3150 h 740 i 319
9
41 3 1 7
1 27 2
500 5 4 1000
q r s t

B
a 0.9 0.15 0.79 0.6
4 b Multiplication Estimate Answer
e 0.4 0.23 0.6 0.411

5 b c d
10.4 × 42 10 × 40 = 400 436.8
i 0.704 0.87 0.07 0.14

f g h
1.04 × 4.2 1×4=4 4.368
m 0.8 0.235 0.247 0.17

j k l
104 × 4.2 100 × 4 = 400 436.8
q 0.368 0.9345 0.493 1.67

n o p
u 4.47 23.9 6.8 0.023

r s t 0.104 × 4.2 0.1 × 4 = 0.4 0.4368
y 0.45
v w x c Multiplication Estimate Answer
3.8 × 92 4 × 100 = 400 349.6
ANSWERS
Exercise 7.03 0.38 × 92 0.4 × 100 = 40 34.96
a 12 b 16.933 c 167.317 d 2.1376

a 41.493 b 5.9 c 6.69 d 9.06
1 38 × 0.92 40 × 1 = 40 34.96
C
2 380 × 0.92 400 × 1 = 400 349.6
a 21.42 2.142 2142

a 81.03 m b 18.97 m
3
d 2142 214.2 21.42
2 b c
18.6 km
4
a 20.4 2.04 0.204
e f
8037.2 kg
5
d 2.04 204 20.4
3 b c
a 12.45 s, 12.7 s, 13.5 s, 13.81 s, 14.62 s

6
a 244.8 244.8 2.448
e f
b 2.17 s
7
d 2448 2.448 24.48
4 b c
c Yes, 12.7 – 0.3 = 12.4 s, which is faster than a 75.6 756 0.756
e f
12.45 s.
d 0.756 0.0756 75.6
5 b c
8 a $605.55 b $15.25
a 0.72 0.72 7.2
e f
9 A
d 72 7.2 0.72
6 b c
10 6.23 m
Teacher to check
e f
11 a 2.54 b 8.74 c 5.45

7
d, e Teacher to check Exercise 7.06

a 2 b 1 c 1 d 3
e 3 f 3 g 4 h 3
1
Exercise 7.04
a 249 b 8.1 37 420
i 3 j 4 k 6 l 2
d 341.6 e 725 2196
1 c
B
g 604.3 h 3.2 0.65
f
a 12.2 7.14 18.009 d 34.2

2
j 4521.3 k 10 640 6304

i
e 22.5 12.6 34.75 h 8.032

3 b c
m 5980 n 84761.2 0.592

l
i 0.9 4.8 0.012 l 54

f g
p 3620 q 219 400 400.75

o
m 0.32 1.95 0.48 p 0.072

j k
C
r
a 14.37 b 46.296 c 525.42

n o
a 4.63 b 5.07 1.203

2
$162.45
4
d 0.364 e 0.3815 5.502

3 c
$719.55
5
g 0.01146 h 0.6943 0.00428

f
2.08 m2
6
j 0.67 k 0.02131 0.572

i
C
7
m 0.081 348 n 0.502 0.0491

l
8
p 0.0004 q 0.0173 0.012 53

o
a 1000 b 100 c 100 d 10

r Exercise 7.07
a 2.4 b 6.2 c 4.16 d 4.1
e, f Teacher to check
4
e 14.65 f 2.1975 g 0.008 h 2.6775
1
i 24.45 j 3.675 k 0.51875 l 0.106

m 2.4 n 3.39 o 2.875 p 64.21
Mental skills 7
a 88 b 167 c 314 d 85
q 11.9 r 13.75 s 0.122 t 259.45
e 129 f 121 g $11.60 h $6.75
2
$17.14 3 D 4 $61.16
i $4.70 j $30.05 k $7.10 l $32.90
a 69.6 s b 11.6 s
2
a 24.8 ÷ 8 = 3.1 b 12.3 ÷ 5 = 2.46

5
c Teacher to check
Exercise 7.05 6
1 a Multiplication Estimate Answer

Exercise 7.08
a 5088 ÷ 8 b 1792 ÷ 7 c 3330 ÷ 9
0.69 × 18 0.7 × 20 = 14 12.42
d 172.5 ÷ 5 e 1292 ÷ 4 f 4950 ÷ 6

6.9 × 180 7 × 200 = 1400 1242 1
g 1680 ÷ 7 h 1482.3 ÷ 9 i 6.6 ÷ 3

6.9 × 1.8 7 × 2 = 14 12.42
690 × 1.8 700 × 2 = 1400 1242
9780170453059 Answers 559

a 8.7 b 36.6 c 4.9 d 203.5
e 30 f 12.6 g 208 h 80
2 3
Calculator Rounded Rounded
i 5.7 j 2041 k 1.064 l 130.2

display (1 decimal (2 decimal
3 a More, we are dividing by a number less than 1

place) places)
b Teacher to check c, d 36
a 4.063333333 4.1 4.06
4 a more b Teacher to check b 2.053333333 2.1 2.05

c 68 c 2.202222222 2.2 2.20
5 The answer is more than the number.
6 B 7 16 8 18
d 5.168181818 5.2 5.17
9 a 14 km b 38 min
e 4.2825 4.3 4.28
10 a 27.2 ÷ 3.4 = 8 b 12.3 ÷ 5 = 2.46

f 1.05416666 1.1 1.05
c Teacher to check
g 0.232142857 0.2 0.23
h 3.43125 3.4 3.43
Exercise 7.09 i 1.416666667 1.4 1.42
1 j 7.9586875 8.0 7.96
a 25.38 b 341.61 c 420.90
Fraction Meaning as division Decimal
d 734.65 e 27.36 f 1314.21

4
3
5 5 a 10.3337 b 431.5433 c 1.4450
a 3÷5 0.6
1 d 3217.6541 e 4.6709 f 0.8889

2
8, rounded down since 0.8 chocolates cannot be
b 1÷2 0.5
1 distributed
6 a
4
b 54, rounded up since a partial box requires the
c 1÷4 0.25
4 purchase of a whole box

5
c 6, rounded down since 0.75 balls cannot be
d 4÷5 0.8
2 distributed
5
d 26 m, rounded up since a partial timber requires
e 2÷5 0.4
3 purchase of the whole timber

4
e 3, rounded down since a partial dress cannot be
f 3÷4 0.75
1
completed
5
g 1÷5 0.2
1
8
h 1÷8 0.125
a 0.4 b 0.375 c 0.75 d 1

Exercise 7.11
112.9 m 2 7
e 0.5 f 0.75 g 0.6 h 0.25
2
15.8 km 4 26.6 km
1
i 0.625 j 0.875 k 0.5 l 1

a $15.24 b $6.84 c $487.76 d $1234.05
3
1 2 4
The fractions are equivalent, for example, = = C 7 $9
5
2 4 8
3
258.3 t 9 5
6
a 4.8 b 23.75 c 12.625 d 6.6 8
e 57.4 f 19.125 g 110.875 h 80.25
4
10 a
a 0.416 b 0.27 c 0.1 d 0.1 0275
ABC Classic
Smooth FM
The Edge
a 0.8583333… b 0.0454545…
Triple M
5 
Triple J
WS-FM
NOVA
2DAY
C91.3
Hope
2SER
c 0.777… d 0.461538461538…
KIIS
6
SBS
a 0.1 b 0.16 c 0.83 d 0.1 42857

e 0.6 f 0.2 85 714 g 0.2 h 0.4 28 571
7 90 110
b 2.4 MHz c 0.8 MHz d 4 MHz

i 0.5 71 428 j 0.4 k 0.6 l 0.5 11 120 sheets
m 0.857 142 n 0.7 o 0.8 12 1.4 km
0.1 , 0.2 , 0.3 , 0.4 , 0.5 , 0.6 , 0.7 , 0.8
   
8
Power plus
Exercise 7.10 0.142857,
 0.285714,
 0.428571,
 0.571428,  0.714285,
0.4 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.857142;
 the same set of 6 digits are repeated in
1      
2.6 0.3 0.9 2.9 order, but with a different digit starting each time.
1 a b c d 
9
0.48 0.74 0.07 0.29 0.9 = = 1
e f g h
9
0.31 0.66 2.10 4.00
2 a b c d 2
e f g h a 0.0004 b 0.000 008 c 1.331
d 0.2 e 0.6 f 0.3
3

Queen’s chamber 8.07 g 480 mins h 5600 mL 420 mm
armoury 8.262 j 72 000 mg k 380 000 cm 16 200 s
4 i
throne room 8.79 3 a 200 b 150 c 50 d 350

l
banquet hall 9.24 e 25 f 200 g 1 580 000 h 40 000

kitchen 9.96 4 a 2 b 3 c 8.5 d 9.8
dungeon 8.16 e 0.75 f 0.325 g 6000 h 18 000
24.15 5 a kilo b centi milli
a 3.7, 24.6 b 2.3, 5.7, 6 6 Teacher to check
5 c
c 5.1, 0.72, 4.5, 18 7 a 4500 b 180 c 0.75 d 24

6
e 12 000 f 520 g 7 h 48
ANSWERS
Test yourself 7 i 8650 j 3 k 0.065 l 960
8 D
a 3.998, 34.89, 34.98, 36.86, 38.141, 340
9 a 120, 330, 800, 35, 7400
b 1.293, 1.239, 1.1015, 1.015, 1.006
1
1 89 9 111
b 0.12, 0.33, 0.8, 0.035, 7.4
2 a
2
b
100
c
100
d
250 c Teacher to check
a 0.4 b 0.13 c 0.07 d 0.011 10 C
a 65.355 b 104.49 11.315 11 a 2200 b 0.8 c 2.35 d 0.36
3
d 1037.9 e 396.51 2.379 e 330 f 4.9 g 0.27 h 48

4 c
a 75.4 b 754 7540 i 10 800 j 16900 k 365 l 7.4

f
d 1.39 e 0.139 0.0139 12 A

5 c
a 319.2 b 31.92 319.2

f
d 3.192 e 319.2 0.3192

6 c
Exercise 8.02
a 24 cm b 44 mm c 90 m d 138 cm
a 16.5 b 0.6 288.92
f
a 46 mm b 44 cm c 118 m d 39 cm
1
d 7.32 e 4.6 29.1

7 c
e 246 cm f 2000 mm g 31.8 km

2
g 1.3325 h 0.001 5.137

f
h 26 cm i 208 mm j 60 mm k 48 m
a 381.2 b 12.2 c 0.6875 d 65.2
i
a 63 mm b 114 mm c 60 mm d 80 mm
a 25 b 31.8 c 230 d 25.4
8
a 44 m b 30 cm 48 mm
3
a 0.8 b 0.375 c 0.5 d 0.6

9
d 40 m e 36 km 54 mm
4 c
a 406.3 b 125.72 c 2345.9

10
D
f
d 3.90 e 78 654.06 f 678.431

11
Any 2 numbers that add up to 15

5
$470.20
C
6
$1.34
12
a 4 cm b 8 cm c 12.75 cm d 18 cm
7
$38.20
13
D
8
14
9
Chapter 8 Exercise 8.03

a hectare b m2 c cm2
d m e cm f mm2
1
SkillCheck 2 2
1000 b 60 c 1000 d 10 2 B
1000 f 24 g 1000 h 1000 3 a 1500 mm2 b 1.5 m2 c 6.9 cm2
1 a
1000 j 60 k 100 l 1000 d 65 000 cm2 e 500 000 mm2 f 120 000 m2
e
1032 b 94.5 c 400 d 2700 g 1.22 m2 h 12.5 cm2 i 3200 m2

i
90 f 63 g 20 h 43 j 790 mm k 750 000 mm l 245 ha

2 a
2 2
65 j 37.5 k 9.5 l 8.2 m 86.5 m2 n 0.0513 m2 o 4700 cm2

e
metres centimetres c millimetres p 0.9 ha

i
metres metres f metres 4 a 102 400 mm2 b 0.1024 m2

3 a b
metres centimetres i centimetres

d e
5 a 6.5 m2, 114 000 cm2, 25 050 000 mm2
millimetres k seconds
g h
b 54 cm2, 990 mm2, 0.000 032 m2
32 cm 36.9 mm c 93 m
j
4 a b 6 a 87.5 ha b 8 750 000 000 cm2
7 B
8 a 6 840 100 ha b about 37
Exercise 8.01
60 b 1000 c 1000 d 10
9 836 mm2
24 f 1000 g 1000 h 60
1 a
10 a 1 000 000 b 100

1000 j 1000 k 1 000 000 l 3600
e
c Teacher to check
640 cm b 4000 kg 72 h
i
2 400 000 L e 900 mm 12 700 g

2 a c
d f
9780170453059 Answers 561

630 000 mm2 4 D
a 546 cm2 b 1772 cm2
Exercise 8.04 3
55.8 m b 58.6 m c 96 cm
2 2
d 324 m
2 2
D
5
1.44 cm2 f 4 cm2 g 120 mm2 h 225 m2
1 a
6
154 mm2 j 1890 cm2 k 448 m2
e
B
i
Exercise 8.08
A
i 25 m2 ii 250 000 cm2
2
a 152 cm2 b 372 cm2 c 60 cm2 d 11 cm2

1
iii 25 000 000 mm2
3 a
a 11 250 cm2 b 500 cm2 1300 cm2

2
b i 0.513 m2 ii 5130 cm2 iii 513 000 mm2
D
3 c
4 a i 625 mm 2
ii 6.25 cm 2
a 140 cm2 b 67.5 km2 48 mm2

4
b i 1100 mm2 ii 11 cm2
d 220 m e 150 cm2 1020 mm²
5 c
c i 1050 mm ii 10.5 cm2
2
2
a 30 cm2 b 100 cm2 c 204 mm2 d 135 cm2

f
d i 1311 mm 2
ii 13.11 cm2
e 55 cm2 f 22 m2 g 128 mm2 h 372 cm2
6
5 7 cm
42.8 m2 8 60 m2 282 tiles
6 a 15 000 000 m2 b 40 000 m2 c 31.36 m2
7 9
d 3.51 m2 e 6.29 m2 f 0.25 m2
7 $7858.50
Exercise 8.09
Prisms are a, c, e, g, h, i, l
8 4.5 m
Teacher to check part i
1
9 a 10.08 m2 b 0.16 m2 c 63
a ii octagonal prism
2
10 Teacher to check 11 D
b ii kite prism
12 a i 20 m2 ii 20 m2 iii 12.8 m2
c ii pentagonal prism
b 80 tiles c 3.6 L
d ii T-prism or octagonal prism
e ii trapezoidal prism
f ii L-prism or hexagonal prism
Mental skills 8A
a 108 154 166 210
Teacher to check
e 52 82 196 324
2 b c d
3
i 91 137 46 69
f g h
4 a b
m 253 38 24 85
j k l
n o p
Exercise 8.05
a 15 cm2 b 16 cm2 c 36 mm2 d 18 cm2
e 10 cm2 f 48.59 m2 g 8.82 m2 h 9.01 mm2
1
i 7.68 cm j 45.72 cm k 21.76 m l 1750 mm2

2 2 2
c d e
a 15.6 m2 b 300 mm2 c 7.8 m2

20 m 4 3 cm 5 D
2
$5.10 7 B
3
Any 2 numbers (in metres) whose product is 72.

6
870 m2 10 8 cm
8
9
Exercise 8.06 7 a b c
a 48 cm2 b 136 m2 c 54.4 cm2

d 3 cm2 e 340 mm2 f 84 cm2
1
g 16.2 m2 h 43.46 cm2 i 16.192 m2

C
A
8
a 168 000 cm2 b 7 cm2 c 4.5 cm2

2
9 a i ii
d 70 000 cm e 0.5456 cm f 4.9 cm2

3
2 2
A
Any 2 numbers (in cm) whose product is 245.
4
25 cm
5 b i ii iii
6
Exercise 8.07
148 mm2 b 1080 m2 c 97.6 m2
33.02 mm2 e 472 cm2 f 30 cm2
1 a c i ii
862.5 mm2 h 162 cm2 i 680 cm2

d
8200 m2 b 6560 m2
g
2 a

a 2268 cm3 b 2 268 000 mm3
a 62 cm3 6400 cm3 c 498 m3
iii iv 3
d 126 mm3 23 552 m3 f 23 500 cm3

4 b
g 28 700 mm3
e
a 733 720 cm3 b 0.73 372 m3

d i ii
a 200 cm3 5.625 cm3 c 5000 cm3

5
d 3 000 000 cm3 e 600 000 cm

6 b
3
2
6 mm 8 6m
3
7
9 Teacher to check (product = 880)
e i ii
10 B 11 A 12 5 m
ANSWERS
Exercise 8.12
a 210.8 m3 b 4.096 875 m3 c 486.42 cm3
iii
a 90 cm b 15 400 mm3 c 7.8125 m3
1
3
a 22 500 mm3 b 928 cm3

2
c 13 200 cm3 d 288 cm3

3
a 0.306 m3
b 0.306 m3, Method b is easier
4
f i ii
A 6 5m 7 7m
Teacher to check (product = 72).
5
a 220 cm3 b 11 220 mm3 c 24 000 m3

8
d 29 450 mm3 e 82 m3
9
iii
Exercise 8.13
a mL b ML c L d mL
e L f kL
1
10 D
2 a 7 b 2700 c 3500
d 10 e 5.2 f 1 400 000
g 0.42 h 8900 i 6200
Mental skills 8B
a 56 108 64 420
e 344 128 224 264 j 1.75 k 5000 l 9
2 b c d
i 46 68 140 108 m 2 500 000 n 0.52 o 0.023

f g h
m 78 39 32 19 3 A
j k l
4 a D b G c J d H e I
n o p
Exercise 8.10 f A g F h E i C j B
a cm3 b cm3 c m3 5 8
d cm3 e mm3 f m3 6 a 54 L b 27
1
D 7 gigalitre
a 3000 mm3 b 5 000 000 cm3 8 a 2700 cm3 b 2700 mL
2
c 2600 mm d 4 cm3 9 a 48m3 b 48 000 L

3
3
e 7 200 000 cm 3
f 66 cm3 10 a 72 000 cm3 b 72 L
g 1 000 000 000 mm h 0.0023 m3
3 11 a 0.2 mL b 12 mL
i 126 m3 j 3.45 cm3 c 2160 mL or 2.16 L d 17 280 mL or 17.28 L
k 25 000 000 000 mm3 l 0.000 078 m3 1
12 A 6 h
4
m 0.063 m3 n 0.0014 cm3
13
o 0.005 m 3
Power plus
0.306 m3 a P = 47 cm, A = 82.5 cm2
a E b G c F d C
4
b P = 46 m, A = 52.5 m2
1
e A f B g D h H
5
c P = 79 cm, A = 206.5 cm2
6 2 520 000 mm3 7 38 000 000 cm3 d P = 277 mm, A = 2250 mm2
a, b Teacher to check c 7.5 cm × 7.5 cm
Different answers possible: for example, l = w = 4;
2
Exercise 8.11
225 cm3 b 1071 cm3 c 576 cm3 l = 6, w = 3.
3
2295 cm3 e 27 cm f 39.6 m3

1 a
a 66 m2 b 11 L c 3, $137.85 d 15 m2
3
40500 cm3 h 144.72 m3

d
a 45 m b 13.5 m3 c $10.80
4
2
125 000 cm3 b 900 cm3

g 5
14 m3 d 4224 mm3
2 a
c
9780170453059 Answers 563

3 a
Test yourself 8 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
a 4h b 42 g 0.125 kL
b
d 3.2 km e 8300 mL 9040 mm

1 c –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
g 0.0035 t h 900 mins 54000 s

f c –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
j 7.15 m k 4 200 000 mL l 17 kg

i d –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
a 52 m b 36 mm c 64 cm d 88 mm
a 91 000 cm2 b 250 mm2 17.5 m2
2
Exercise 9.01
a E3 b C3 c C4
d 0.24 m2 e 2.4 cm2
3 c
d F4 or G4 e F3 or G3 f C3
1
f 8 600 000 mm2

2 a swimming pool b primary school
a 16 m2 b 24 cm2 162 m2
c park d pond
a 360 mm2 b 112 mm2 c 5.2 cm2 d 187 km2
4 c
e car park f tennis courts

a 120 m2 b 828 cm2 68 mm2
5
3 a A13 b G6 c N25 d U16

a 9 cm2 b 34 m2 84 m2
6 c
4 19 5 Back rows
d 12.5 mm2 e 196 m2 128.2 mm2
7 c
6 a No b No c No d Yes
6L
f
7 Teacher to check
8
8 a Vertical line or column

9 a b
b Horizontal line or row

9 a Roundhouse
Prism
Not a prism b Building L5
c NIDA Parade Theatre
d International House
c d
e Alumni Park East

Not a prism 10 a M7 b F10
Prism c F2, F3, G2 or G3 d E5
e f Exercise 9.02
A (1, 4) B (2, 2) C (3, 1) D (3, 4)
E (4, 3) F (5, 2) G (6, 5)
1
M (0, 2) P (1, 1) A (2, 0) B (2, 3)

Prism
Not a prism
N (3, 1) J (3, 3) E (4, 0) U (5, 2)
2
a cube
10 a i ii iii
3
6
5
4
b i ii iii 3
2
11 a 20 000 b 500 000 c 7.5 d 0.00 023 1
12 a 80 m3 b 320 cm3 672 mm3 0
d 360 m3 e 3000 cm3 870 m3
c
1 2 3 4 5 6
13 a 80 000 L b 0.32 L 0.000 672 L A
f
a NUMBER b PLANE c WATER

4
d 360 000 L e 3L 870 000 L
c
d METRE e NURSE f UMPIRE

5
14 a 6 L b D
f
15 B 16 C 6 b y
17 2 × 109 ML = 2 000 000 000 ML
15
14
13
12
11
Chapter 9 10
9
8
7
SkillCheck
–3 b 0 c 3 d 5
6
5
A –10 B –2 C 1 D3
1 a 4
3
A –10 B –4 C 8 D 14 E 17
2 a 2
1
A –22 B –15 C 2 D 11 E 20 F 26
b
c a shark
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 x
A –56 B –24 C –8 D6 E 30 F 56
c
A –60 B –50 C –35 D –15 E –6 F 19 G 40

d
e

7 b, d y 6 a, b y
16
15 D 3
14
13 C2
12
11
10 1 A
9
8 F x
7 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
6 –1 B
5
ANSWERS
4
3 –2 E
2
1 –3
c They lie in a straight line.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 x
d an ostrich or emu
d Teacher to check
Exercise 9.03 7 D
A (–4, 3) B (–2, 2) C (0, 2) D (2, 3)
y
8 a, b
E (2, 1) F (1, –1) G (2, –3) H (0, –3)
1 10
I (–4, –3) J (–2, –1) K (3, 0) L (–4, 0)

9
8
M (0, –2) N (0, 3) O (0, 0) P (–2, 0)

7
6
Q (1, 0) R (3, –2) S (–2, –2) T (–3, 1)

5
U (–1, 2) V (4, 1) W (4, –3) X (–4, –1)

4
3
Y (1, –4) Z (–1, –3)

2
1
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
–1
2 –2
Q 6 –3
–4
N 5 L –5
–6
C 4 –7
–8
B 3 –9
2 M –10
I H
1 A
c a bicycle
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Exercise 9.04
(0, 2), (2, 3), (4, 4), (7, 9)
–1
(–2, –1), (–1, 3), (2, 4), (5, –2)

D –2 E 1 a
(0, 2), (1, 5), (2, 8)

–3 b
(–4, –1), (–2, –3), (1, 0), (5, 2)

K –4 G c
–5 F P d
J –6 2 y y
a 2
b 2
3 a A, M b B, C, N, Q c D, K, J 1 1
a 4th b 3rd c 2nd

d F, G, P e E, I, H, L –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 x
–1 –1
4 –2 –2
5
+ +
y y
– + c 2
d 2
– – 1 1
+ – –1 0 –1 0
–3 –2 1 2 3 x –3 –2 1 2 3 4 x
–1 –1
–2 –2
–3
All points lie on a horizontal line.
9780170453059 Answers 565

3 8 a
y y
9
b 8
y
8 6
4
7 4
3 6 2
5
2 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 x
4 –2
1 3 –4
2 –6
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 x 1 –8
–1
All lie on x-axis –3 –2 –1 0
–1
1 2 3 x
y
c
2
1
4 y y
1 1 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
a b –1
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 x –2 –1 0 1 2 3 x –2
–1 –1 –3
They lie on a curve, not in a line

–2 –2
There is a rough pattern; as the age of the tree

c y
d y
increases, the height increases at a steady rate

9
3 3
2 2
y
1 1
26
–1 0 1 2 3 x –2 –1 0 1 2 3 x 24
–1 –1 22
–2 –2 20
–3 –3 18
All points lie on a vertical line.

16
14
12
y y
5 a b 10
3 2
8
2 1 6
1 4
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 x
–1 2
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 x
–1 –2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 x
–3
Mental skills 9
–4
a 720 b 486 c 825 d 128

e 560 f 216 g 189 h 432
y
2
i 560 j 616 k 135 l 675

5
y 4
c d
3 3
2 2 Exercise 9.05
1 1
1 a y
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 x 10
–1 –1
–2 –2 A
–3 A' 5
F
All points lie on a line (are collinear).
F'
They increase by the same amount.

B
B' E
B
6 x
–10 –5 5 10
7 E' D
D' –5
–10

b A(−2, 6) → A′(−8, 4) b O(0, 0) → O′(0, 0)
B(−1, 2) → B′(−7, 0) P(−4, 0) → P′(4, 0)
C(−2, −2) → C′(−8, −4) Q(−4, 2) → Q′(4, −2)
D(−2, 0) → D′(−8, −2) R(−2, 2) → R′(2, −2)
E(−4, 0) → E′(−10, −2) S(−2, 7) → S′(2, −7)
F(−4, 4) → F′(−10, 2) T(0, 7) → T′(0, −7)
G(−2, 4) → G′(−8, 2) The x- and y-coordinate of each vertex changes sign.
The x-coordinates decrease by 6 and the 6 B
y-coordinates decrease by 2. 7 a Reflection across the x-axis
b (–5, 8). The x-coordinate does not change,
ANSWERS
the y-coordinate changes sign.
2 y
8 a Rotation 90° clockwise about K

10
5 b (2, –3)
A' 9 a y
C' 10
A
–10 –5 C 5 10 x
B' 5
–5 E D
B F C
–10 –10 –5 5 10 x
A′ (1, 3), B′ (1, –3), C′ (3, 2)

Translated 5 units left, 4 units down
–5 H A
3
4 a y
–10
10
S T b A(6, −5) → A′(−6, −5)
The x-coordinate changes sign but the
y-coordinate does not change.
5 V U
10 a Reflection across the x-axis

b (–3, –7)
X W
11 a Rotation 90° anti-clockwise about T

x
–10 –5 X' W' 5 10
b (4, 3) The x-coordinate becomes the new

y-coordinate, the y-coordinate becomes the new
–5 V'
x-coordinate with the sign changed.

U'
12 Translation 10 units to the right, (0, 0)

S' T'
–10
b S(2, 8) → S′(2, −8)

13 y
T(8, 8) → T′(8, −8)

10
U(8, 6) → U′(8, −6)

V(4, 6) → V′(4, −6)
W(4, 1) → W′(4, −1)
5
X(2, 1) → X′(2, −1)

The x-coordinate does not change, the y-coordinate 10 x
changes sign.
–10 –5 5
5 a y –5
10
S –10
T
5
Q R
P'
–10 –5 P O 5 10 x
R' Q'
–5
T' S'
–10
9780170453059 Answers 567

Power plus Test yourself 9
1 b student centre
y
Pi stadium
12 1 a
Short Rd
11 b
10
library
9 c
D5 or E5 b B6 or B7 c E8 to I8
8
7
d
6 2 a
5
4 3
3 6 B
2
5 F
1
D
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x 4
–2
3 A
–3
–4 E
–5
2
–6 1
–7
C
–8 0
d a cat
1 2 3 4 5 6
A (2, 0) B (3, 2) C (0, 4) D (–2, –1)
E (1, –3) F (–1, 1) G (4, 1) H (–4, 3)
4
2 a x y
I (0, –5) J (–3, 0) K (3, –4)

a 3rd
0 2
Any coordinates of the form (0, n), where n is a

1 3 5
number
3 5 b
c 4th
6 8
d Any coordinates of the form (–a, b), where a

y = x + 2
8 10
and b are positive numbers

b e (0, 0)
B
x y
1 0 6
7 a y
4 3
6
7 6
5
8 7
4
y = x – 1
10 9
3
2
c x y
1
0 8
2 6 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 x
–1
4 4 –2
b star
6 2
y = 8 – x or x + y = 8
8 0
8 a y
d x y 2
−1 5
1
0 3
2 −1 0 x
–2 –1 1 2
3 −3 –1
y = 3 – 2x or 2x + y = 3
4 −5 –2
–3

b y Practice set 3
3
1 y
2
7 E
1 6
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 x
–1 4
A
B 2
9 a
ANSWERS
y
5 (0, 5) F
4 (1, 4) 0
–4 –2 2 4 x
(2, 3)
3 –2
2 D
–4 C
1 (5,0)
2 0.5 0.75 1.3 1.6 2.25 2.9
–1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
–1
0 1 2 3
B
Collinear, decreasing by same amount a 9.44 b 3.1 c 9.05
3
d 21.89 e 5.407 f 5.283

4
b y
a 0.2 b 0.375
5 (2, 5)
a 2g b 2000 kg 8 weeks
5
d 6500 mL e 72 hours 4000 g

4 6 c
(1, 3)
g 1.5 kg h 3L 8 min
3 f
j 2.5 t k 9500 mg 12 kg
2 i
101.6 cm
(0, 1) l
1
a 24 mm b 160 cm c 30 cm d 56 cm
7
a 32 mm2 b 1600 cm2 c 30 cm2 d 121 cm2

–1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x 8
–1
a 0.8 b 12.06 c $9.82 d 3.8
9
(–1, –1)
Collinear, increasing by same amount C
10
10 a Reflection across the y-axis a 7.5 kL b 7.5 m3

11
b (–4,–3) The x-coordinate changes sign while the a 60 cm b 880 mm2

12
2
y-coordinate does not change.

13
14
11 a y 4
5 3
2
1
–10 –5 P' 5 10 x
P –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
R' –1
–5 –2
R Q'
S' –3
S Q
–4
(–7, –1)
–10
b P(–5,–2) → P′(–1,–1)
a 45 m3 b 330 cm3 c 11 880 mm3
15
Q(–3,–7) → Q′(1,–6)
0.5
16
R(–5,–5) → R′(–1,–4)
a 8.7°C b 0.25 m or 25 cm
17
S(–7,–7) → S′(–3,–6)
c $3.20
18
The x-coordinate increased by 4, the y-coordinate

A
increased by 1.
a 26 928 mL b 26.928 L
19
12 a Rotated 180° about S or reflected across the

a 4.34 b 1.263 c 0.07
20
y-axis and then across the x-axis
a 10.023 b 83.6 c 13.44
21
V(5,–4) → V′(–5,4) The x- and y-coordinates
a 4 cm b 32 cm
22
both changed sign.
b
23
9780170453059 Answers 569

70 cm ii 120 cm
4 ii 11
8 a i
Chapter 10
0 and 1, babies grow quickly
b i
6 and 7, children’s growth slows down

c
SkillCheck
Size of interval: 3 years
d
a 5 b 1.5 c 2 d 1 e 3
1
10 years, growth slows down
e
(Teacher to check scale diagrams.) i fairly flat ii possibly horizontal

f
a 50 b 34.5 Teacher to check

g
a Cola, Orange, Lime, Lemonade

2 h
b 5 c 23
3
Exercise 10.02
a 11, 22, 24, 28, 31 b 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21 a 20 000 boxes
a 18, 17, 11, 6, 5 b 31, 23, 17, 14, 8, 5, 2 b It has a correct even scale for the sales axis
4 1
c It is difficult to see where the graph starts, it

5
Exercise 10.01 exaggerates the amount of difference.

a 10 cars d Bigger pictures/diagrams can appear larger
b 5 cars. It is difficult to represent the whole than the actual amount and exaggerate any
1
range of values accurately. difference.

c 8–10 a.m. d 6–8 a.m. a 120 beats/min b 20 beats/min
c Heart rate scale does not begin at 0
2
e 6–8 a.m., 5; 8–10 a.m., 40; 10 a.m.–12 noon, 10;
12 noon–2 p.m., 20; 2–4 p.m., 35; 4–6 p.m., 15 d Heart rate and exercise
8–10 a.m. dropping children at school, going
to work
f i 150
Heartbeat rate
ii 6–8 a.m. not many people around yet, a few
(beats/min)
120
going to work
90
iii 2–4 p.m. parents picking up children.

60
2 a Sydney b Darwin c C
30
d 2.2 million or 2 200 000

1 2 3 4
e Adelaide f 21 times
Minutes of exercise
Australian weekly wages are 4 times bigger
3 a i 99% ii 87% iii 88% than Malvolia’s.
3 a
b Dishwasher c Mobile phones No scale on vertical axis, use of pictures instead

d About 15% e Teacher to check of columns.
b
4 a 1 unit = 10% b 45% c 2006 c Columns

d i 3 and 4 ii 5 and over
e 3 and 4 f False
Average weekly wages
5 a 5 km or less b 100 mm
1400
44 11 75 3
1200
100 25 100 4
Average weekly
c = d =
Fewer accidents occur. Most travelling is done
1000
wages ($)
close to home.
e
800
6 3
g True
600
100 50
f =
h Teacher to check
400
a 100 mm
28 7
200
b Meet community needs,
6
100 25
21
= Malvolia Australia
c
100 4 No scale on the horizontal population axis.
Meet community needs, decrease cost, save 5 a
natural resources, reduce pollution, and other.
d Profit
5
e Teacher to check
a dog b goldfish
4
Millions of dollars
3 1 4 2
7 3
30 10 30 15
c i = ii = 2
d 360° e 96° f No
Dog 27, Bird 12, Cat 24, Guinea pig 18, Goldfish 9
1
g 0
2016 2018 2020
2017 2019 2021
Year

a 37 b 31 to 40 c 23
d 23 to 40 e 49
b Profit 3
4
4 a Accidents on motorway each day

Millions of dollars
3
0 1 2 3 4 5
Number of accidents
b 0 c 1.3
2
d 5, it’s unusually large
ANSWERS
2016 2018 2020
2017 2019 2021
C
Year
c Graph in part b because it is much steeper. 5

a The scale does not begin at 0, the scale is not
even: increasing by 50, then 25.
6
Exercise 10.04
b Firefighter salaries 1 C
1400
2 a
1200 Stem Leaf
7 6
1000
8 1 6 8
Per week ($)
800 9 5 7 8
600 10 1 5 5
400 11 2 2 4 7
12 4
200
b 76, 124 c 8 d B
SA WA Vic ACT Tas NSW
a 64 b 37 c 99
State
Teacher to check d 64 to 154 e 90s f 60s to 110s

3
7
4 a
Exercise 10.03 Stem Leaf
13 7
1 a 14 0 1 3 5
15 3 4 5 7 7 7 8 9
16 2 2 3 6 6 8
17 0 1 5 5 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
b 137 cm, 177 cm c 5
No. of goals kicked per game
b 8 c 0 to 5 d 22 d 157 cm e 158 cm, 159 cm
a 18 b 16 c 18 to 26 1
g 20.8%
d 25 e No f C
2
4
f
Mental skills 10
2 a
36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 °C
b
200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 mL
c
500 504 508 512 516 520 524 528 532 536 540 544 548 552 556 560 564 568 572 576 580 584 588 592 g
d
160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 min
e L
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115
f
200 220 240 260 280 300 320340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520540 560 580 600 620640 660 680 700 kg
g
120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360 375 390 405 420 seconds
h
100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525 550 575 600 625 650 675 700 725 mL
9780170453059 Answers 571

Exercise 10.05 3 Maximum daily temperature in Cowra
a 30.25 b 32
a i 2.56 ii 3
1
b i 4.43 ii 2
2
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
c i 64.22 ii no mode Temperature (°C)
d i 45.17 ii 45.1 a 11.5°C b 10°C c 12.6°C d 9°C
e i 5.78 ii 3,5
3 a green b They are not numbers
4 a 8 Huxley quiz marks
4 a 7.6 b 6.1
c Mean, takes into account all scores.
5 a The last age. b Arteri
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
c Phuong 16.4, Arteri 25.3

Marks
d Arteri family with a higher last age has the

higher mean.
8 Crancher quiz marks
6 A
7 a 74% b 79%
8, 9 Teacher to check 10 2550
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Marks
5 c 7 d 9
Mean = 6.5
b
Exercise 10.06
a i 22 ii 5 8 Crancher, more higher marks
e
b i 4.9 ii 2.1
1
48 b 101 c 105, 112 d 100.7
f
c i 5 ii 5 67 b 51 c 67 d 67.8
5 a
a The 4th age b Carrozza 12, Binns 12

6 a
c Carrozza 40, Binns 40

2
Exercise 10.08
d No effect a 25
C b Dynamo: mean = 37.16, median = 37,
1
C range = 42
3
a i 7 ii 6 Energy Plus: mean = 28.88, median = 29,

4
b i 37.5 ii 10 range = 28
5
c i 12 ii 5 c Dynamo has a greater mean and median and

a $696 500 b $1 202 000 the longest lasting times, but greater range
c $767 273 d $625 000 compared to Energy Plus.
6
e Median, not affected by outlier price d Dynamo is the better brand because it has a
($1 800 000) higher mean and median compared to Energy
Plus, plus the longest lasting times.
a Alf 75.9, Mike 75.7 b Mike
c Alf 2, Mike 6 d Alf, higher average
7
2 a
e Alf, smaller range f Alf 76, Mike 75.5

Penrith Hurstville
8 7 6 5 3 3 4 4 5
6, 7, 8 or 9 9 Teacher to check
8 8 6 0 4 3 5
8 6 6 5 4 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 8
Exercise 10.07
4 11 iii 10 iv 9.8
1 7 1 1 5 8
6 1 1 8 1 3 3 6
4 24 iii 22 iv 22.3
1 a i ii 6 9 4 6
6 36 iii 37 iv 37.6 Hurstville: mean = 66.5, mode = 66, median =

b i ii
69.5, range = 62
b
0.3 1.8 iii 1.8 iv 1.8
c i ii
39 33 iii 33 iv 30.1 Penrith: mean = 56.45, modes = 48, 56, 66, 81,
d i ii
median = 54.5, range = 63

26 94 iii 88 iv 86.3
2 a i ii
c Hurstville, scores are clustered in the 60s, 70s

40 131 iii 124.5 iv 121.5
b i ii
and 80s, it has a higher median and mean

44 17 iii 17 iv 22.1
c i ii
d 96, mean and range

d i ii
3 a 7 Murray 7 Winton
9 2 6 9 9
8 8 8 7 5 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 3 5 6 9
9 8 8 7 7 7 6 5 4 3 2 0 4 0 1 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 8
0 5

b 50 c 26 92%
d in the 30s and 40s a 40 b, c Teacher to check
3
e 29 to 50, 26 to 48. Yes, the other 2 sisters earn a total of $6700 per
4
f 7 Murray: mean = 40.7, median = 42, week

5
7 Winton: mean = 38.6, median = 39.5

g 7 Murray scored better on the English exam, Test yourself 10
since it has a higher mean and median, a
a 15–24 years b 13.5%
smaller range, and the highest mark overall.
It covers more years than each of the other
1
h No outliers
groups (other answers possible).
c
4 a Group A: mean = 6.1, median = 6

a 23% b Anglican
ANSWERS
Group B: mean = 6.1, median = 6
c More Catholic, Anglican, Other Christian,
2
fewer No religion, Buddhist, Muslim or Other.

b
a Snowy Mountains b Uluru
c 23 to 25 d True
3
a January and February b January and February

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Assignment marks for Group A
c October d January and February
4
a Profit scale does not begin at 0.

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 b Sales have increased greatly
5
Assignment marks for Group B

Group B marks are more spread out (from 3
c Company profits
to 10 and spread fairly evenly) than Group A

4
(clustered around 5 to 7)
3.5
Profit ($ millions)
c 4
3
2.5
5 a 25 2
b Cougars: mean = 65.24, median = 66,
1.5
modes = 46, 58, 61, 66, 68, 86, 92, range = 49
1
Tigers: mean = 71.56, median = 70,

0.5
modes = 53, 70, 87, 89, range = 50

0
c Cougars are clustered in the 40s to 70s, Tigers

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
are clustered in the 50s to 80s. Tigers have a 8

Year
a 18 b 28 c 3
higher mean and median, but almost the same 15
a 31
6 d
range compared to the Cougars.
7
The Tigers are the better team, they have a
b Stem
higher mean and median than the Cougars
d Leaf
while having almost the same range as the

7 1 5 6 8 9 9
8 0 0 0 2 2 2 3 4 4 5 8 8
Cougars.
9 0 0 0 0 2 2 4 5 6 8 8
90 kg 71 kg
10 4 5
6 a
i 4 4
Maria Stacey c d
9 1
i 8.78 6
8 a ii
5 2 0 4 5 9 9
i 3.5 1
9 8 7 5 2 0 3 0 0 5 5 7 7 b ii
i 4 4
6 5 1 4 4 c ii
b Maria: mean = 36.7, median = 37.5, no mode,

3 5
i 10 6
9 a ii
range = 34 i 3.5 7
b ii
Stacey: Mean 31.3, median = 30, i 4 ii 4.5 iii 6 iv 4.25

c ii
modes = 29, 30, 35, 37, range = 24 i 35 ii 60 iii 66 iv 57.36

10 a
c Stacey, smaller range d Maria

b
e Maria, because she has a higher mean and

11 a Boys Girls
median than Stacey, even though she has a

7 0 1 8
greater range.
9 8 2 8 9
8 0 3 5 7 9
0 4 8
Power plus
6
8 5 0 5 1 2 3 5 9
6 2 6 0 6 9
a 74.17 b 77.17
1
5 4 3 3 2 7 3 5 6
c It also went up by 3 marks

2 8 5 8 3
d It changes the mean by the amount added or

3 9 4
b 94, girl
subtracted
9780170453059 Answers 573

c Girls: mean = 55, median = 54, no mode, {A, B, C} b No, there are more As
range = 76 A
8 a
Boys: mean = 55.8, median = 60, mode = 73, 3 b {5, 6, 7, 8} c 6

c
range = 83 {black, red} e red

9 a
d Overall the boys performed better than the girls {hearts, spades, clubs, diamonds}
d
with a higher median and mean, but they had a

clubs
f
greater range of marks.

g
The girls seem to be more consistent, clustered

from the 50s to 70s, whereas the boys are evenly
e Exercise 11.02
1
spread across a larger range. a heads, tails b 2
2
1 c
d 50%
1 1
Chapter 11 c 0
6 2
2 a b
5 1
f 1
6 2
d e
SkillCheck
impossible b teacher to check a shade any 5 sectors b shade any 6 sectors
even chance a 50% b 25% c 50%
1 a 3
impossible e likely f unlikely d 20% e 40% f 37.5%

c 4
certain h even chance 1

d
b 0.15 c 55%
likely or certain 10
g 5 a
d 75% e 0.35 f 65%
teacher to check
i
1 4 9 3 D
j
1 1 2 1
6
5 9 10 16
26 26 26 13
2 a b c d
a 0.875 b 0.6 c 0.26 d 0.7
7 a b c =
5 21 10 5
a 60% b 31% c 75% d 5%
3
26 26 26 13
d e f
Teacher to check 6 Teacher to check
4 =
a pink b yellow c black

C
5
d purple, blue, pink
8
7 1 12 3
7
8 a
20
b
5
c
25
d
50
a blue b green c white
3
9
5 1 3 b 0.3 c 40%
6 4 5 10
9 a b c 10 a
2
e 0.4 f 20%
5
Exercise 11.01
5
d
a {red, blue}, 2 11 Teacher to check
7
b {red, green, blue, yellow}, 4
1 12
6 3
c {red, blue}, 2 b 0.0075
800 400
13 a =
d {white, red}, 2 14 Teacher to check
e {red, black, white, green}, 4
26 1 13 1 1
f {yellow, red, green}, 3 15 a
52 2
= b
52 4
= c
52
a 2, equally likely b 3, not equally a likely 4 1 16 4 6 3
c 26, not equally likely
2
52 13 52 13 52 26
d = e = f =
d 2, equally likely 2 1 4 1
e 10, equally likely 52 26 52 13
g = h =
f 2, not equally likely 16 C 17 Teacher to check

a {1, 3, 5} b {a, e, i, o, u} c {5, 6, 7, 8, 9} 18 D 19 Teacher to check
d {March, May} 20 a 1 b 5
3
e {Adelaide, Brisbane, Hobart, Melbourne, Perth, c 9 d 10

Sydney} 4
21 a 0.64 b 36 % or 36.36%
f {K, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 11

a 7 c 2
b No, some coloured regions are bigger than others. 22 a 0, Teacher to check b 1, Teacher to check
4
c pink d green 23 A
1
a 20 b {$2, $1, 50c, 20c, 10c} 24
4
c No d 20c
5
a 52 b Yes c 13 d 26
Exercise 11.03
e 4 f 2 g 1 h 20 1 5
6
b 0
6 6
i 12 j 2
1 a c
3 1 2 1
D e 1
6 2 6 3
7 d = f =

1 2 1 6 3
c 0
10 10 5 10 5
2 a b = d = Mental skills 11
7 7 a $35.85 b $39.80 c $35.75 d $34.80
c 0
12 12 e $42.85 f $69.80 g $57.80 h $53.65
2
3 a b
2 1 3 1 i $59.90 j $133.70
f 1
12 6 12 4
d = e =
1 1
c 0
4 4
4 a b Exercise 11.05
a C b A c E d H a The sex of a new baby is male
e D f G g B h F b No rain tomorrow
5 1
4 2 3 1
c 0 c Winning or drawing a soccer match
18 9 18 6 d Being right-handed (or ambidextrous)
ANSWERS
6 a = b =
11 15 5 12 2
e Being 18 years or under
18 18 6 18 3
f Choosing a card that is not hearts from a deck
d e = f =
7 a 0.61875 b 0.0125 c 0.9875 d 0 of playing cards

5 1 6 3 g A traffic light showing red or amber
c 1
20 4 20 10 h A train arriving on time or early
8 a = b =
8 2 4 1 1 2 1 3 1
d 0
20 5 20 5 6 6 3 6 2
e = f = 2 a b = c =
a F b D c E 5 4 2 3 1
d C e G f A 6 6 3 6 2
9 d e = f =
2 1 4 1 999
15 15 15 1000 1000
10 a b c 3 a b
11 5 1 15 3 23
f 0 c 0
15 15 3 130 26 26
d e = 4 a = b
11 Teacher to check 90 9 55 11
d 1
130 13 130 26
e = f =
12
b 45% c 0.93
Exercise 11.04
13
2 1
5 a
1 a
10 5
= a 0.7 b 0.3
c 15 red, 6 white, 9 blue
6
b 16, the expected value is higher than the
observed value d 0
11 2 1 5
80 12 6 6
c 7 a = b
2 a i 0.16 ii 0.16 iii 0.56 3 2 1 1

d 0
4 4 2 2
iv 0.24 v 0.1 vi 0.32
8 a b = c
9 C
b i 8 ii 4 iii 2
10 a draw b 8%
iv 6, 7 v 10 vi 10
11 a D
3 a, b Teacher to check
10 7 9 8
1
11 11 11 11
2
12 a b c d
13 15% C
c
d 25, teacher to check
1 1 3 3
14
e Teacher to check
1 2 8 8 4
15 a b c d
f Relative frequency would get closer to
2 16 0.8
B
a, b Teacher to check
4
1 1 1 5
5 Power plus
,8 ,8 iii , 25 iv , 41
6 6 2 6
c i ii 1 a
d Teacher to check
+ 1 2 3 4 5 6
e Teacher to check
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
f The relative frequency would get closer to the

2 3 4 5 6 7 8
theoretical probability. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
a Yes
b Yes, 6 appears much more frequently than the
6 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
other numbers.
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
c 13.75% d 11
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
b 11
56% 8 B
c There are more ways of obtaining some sums
7
than others
1 3 1
d 7 e 2, 12 h 5, 9
36 36 12
f g =
9780170453059 Answers 575

a HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, TTT, TTH, THT, THH
1 3 3
2
Chapter 12
8 8 8
b i ii iii
1 7 4 1
iv SkillCheck
8 8 8 2
2 b 3.6 c 18 000 d 5 e 65
v vi =
hot dog, cola, cake
8 g 7.5 h 8150 i 85
1 a
hot dog, cola, ice cream

3 a
6 b 4 c 4
f
hot dog, lemonade, cake

21 b 20 c 2
2 a
hot dog, lemonade, ice cream 1 4 1

3 a
pizza, cola, cake 4 a

4
b
5
c
4
pizza, cola, ice cream
pizza, lemonade, cake Exercise 12.01
pizza, lemonade, ice cream a 5:7 b 3:5 c 7:9 d 7 : 13 e 5:3
hamburger, cola, cake
1
hamburger, cola, ice cream

2 a
hamburger, lemonade, cake

hamburger, lemonade, ice cream
12
1 8 2 6 1
12 12 3 12 2
b c = d =
b 1:4
Teacher to check
Test yourself 11
pass, fail b G, PG, M, MA15+, R a 8 : 13 b 3:8 c 13 : 1 d 1 : 25
3
Katrina, Biljana d train, bus

1 a
a 39 : 23 b 23 : 100
4
5
c
c 38 : 39 d 23 : 38
5
sections are not of equal size

2 a
a 13 : 25 b 17 : 100 c 5 : 12 d 150 : 1
5 d 1 e 4
b
e 500 : 43 f 350 : 83 g 3000 : 1421
6
1 3 1 4 2
c
h 27 : 40 i 59 : 180 j 180 : 7
6 6 2 6 3
k 9 : 49 l 7700 : 17
3 a b = c =
C
D
4
a 20.2% b 86.1% c 65.9% d 0% a 1 : 25 b 1:2 c 1:4
7
5
C d 11 : 9 e 1:1 f 2:1
8
6 3 3 Fewer students for each teacher

6
c 0 d 1
14 7 14
7 a = b 9
8 A Exercise 12.02
9 C a 12 b 10 c 9 d 20 e 32
1
f 84 g 30 h 75 i 5 j 5
1
2
10 a
b 40, the observed frequency is lower than the k 4 l 30 m2 n 40 o 5
expected frequency D
a 1 : 10 b 1:2 c 2:5 d 5:7
2
24 3
80 10 e 3:2 f 7:3 g 10 : 1 h 5 : 11
c = 3
11 a Choosing a card that is not a queen from a deck i 1:1 j 5 : 12 k 4:1 l 1 : 12

48 12
of cards, m2:3:5 n 3:4:6 o 3:1:4 p 3:2:8:4
52 13
=
b Rolling a number that is not a multiple of 3 on C
4 2 a 80 : 200 = 2 : 5 b 300 : 1200 = 1 : 4
4
a die, =
6 3 c 6 : 28 = 3 : 14 d 45 : 120 = 3 : 8
5
c Buying a ticket that does not win out of 550

549 e 1:3 f 24 : 15 = 8 : 5
tickets sold,
550 g 15 : 48 = 5 : 16 h 20 : 1000 = 1 : 50
1 3 3
i 4000 : 350 = 80 : 7 j 250 : 3000 = 1 : 12
5 5 5
k 9:5 l 20 : 1
12 a b c
7
15 m 15 : 1 n 3 : 20
13
o 1800 : 450 = 4 : 1
6 D

a 48 : 28 = 12 : 7 b 20 : 35 = 4 : 7
c 35 : 28 = 5 : 4 d 20 : 48 = 5 : 12
7 Mental skills 12A
a 160 70 240 900
e 28 : 35 = 4 : 5 f 48 : 131 e 2600 900 2200 300
2 b c d
8 B i 180 400 1100 210

f g h
9 a i 72 : 1440 = 1 : 20 m 700 1800 390 770

j k l
ii 816 : 624 = 17 : 13
n o p
iii 816 : 72 = 34 : 3 Exercise 12.05

b Yes, teachers : students = 1 : 20 > 1 : 25 so the a $0.90/razor b $0.53/egg $0.56/pack
college has enough teachers, or 1 : 25 = 57.6: d $0.05/teabag e $0.01/g $0.03/g
1 c
1440 and 72 > 57.6, so the college has enough

a Block Ices Medium salad Party pack
f
ANSWERS
teachers.
d 3L 280 g Mega USB
2 b c
10 Australia 3 : 250, Pakistan 3 : 100

a Bullworths b GIA Baldy
e f
11 14 : 11
d Bullworths
3 c
12 a 1625 mL b 375 : 1625 = 3 : 13

a 375 g b 2L c 735 g d 115 g
c 375 : 2000 = 3 : 16
A
4
13 7P
a Large Large c Large
5
d Large Small
6 b
Teacher to check
Exercise 12.03 e
80 2 152 cm
7
20 cm 4 28
1
245 6 480 kg
3
Exercise 12.06
1100 $893
C 8 8 kg
5
420 3680 km
1 2
72 10 20.4 t
7
a 360 mL 2520 mL
3 4
a Mai $90, Felicity $63

9
6 C
5 b
b $225
11
975 9 A 10 500 m
6 7
72 cm
a 17°C b 29°C c 12 noon
8
A
12
a 608 km b 5 hours
11
a 5 mL b 60 mL
13
a 12 b 600 c 70
12
175 m
14
33 L 15 $3980
13
25 kg cement, 100 kg sand

15
4.8
14
600 g
16
a $13.50 b 2.2 kg
16
Sonya $220, Xanthe $275

17
1
17
18 a 794.4 h (≈ 33.1 days) b 441 h (≈ 18.4 days)
18
3
c 158.88 h (≈ 6.62 days) d 46.7 h (≈ 1.9 days)
Exercise 12.04
a words/min b beats/min e 39.72 h (≈ 1.655 days) f 3.64 h
c cents/min or cents/s d $/kg
1
e $/h f L/min Exercise 12.07

g $/kg h people/year 10 a.m. b 6 km c 1.5 h
i $/kL 4 km/h e 2h f 12 km
1 a
a 60 km/h b $6.60/h 2 p.m., 4 km h 6 h

d
c 12.5 m/s d $0.016/mL or 1.6 c/mL

2
11 a.m., 40 km b 20 km/h
g
e 19 goals/game f $19.20/kg 1:30 p.m. d 2.5 h

2 a
g 18 min/question h 60 words/min 26 km/h f 25 km

c
i 1.8 children/family j 9.8 m/s 130 km

e
k 150 revolutions/s l 4.5 runs/over 11:30 a.m. – 12:30 p.m., graph is steeper
g
m $0.05/g or 5 c/g n 0.12 L /km or 120 ml/km 240 km b 180 km c 11:45 a.m.
h
o 20 sheep/h p 14 containers/day 40 km/h e 10 a.m., 160 km

3 a
B Sam, finishes journey earlier, steeper graph

d
a It costs $1.40 for every kilogram of mass

3
Before 11 a.m., graph less steep
f
b An average of 60 sheep in each hectare of land

4
B
g
c An average of 920 toys produced each day B b A c C

h
d 230 L pumped out every hour Caitlin travelled 30 km in the first hour, 20 km in
4 a
147 c/L 6 45 cm/year the second hour. She stopped for an hour, travelled
5
71 calls/month 8 1800 1
5
another 30 km in one hour, stopped for hour,
2
7
then travelled another 20 km in one hour.
9780170453059 Answers 577

a 18:35 b 08:05 c 11:44 d 23:20
e 02:51 f 12:30 g 15:38 h 07:11
6 a 2
i 09:08 j 21:54 k 00:42 l 19:39

m 01:59 n 22:18 o 08:46 p 17:23
300
a 11:23 a.m. b 5:54 p.m. c 1:24 p.m.

a 17:17 b 22:06 c 02:45
250 3
Distance from home

a 8:55 a.m., 1:55 p.m. b 5:55 p.m., 11:15 p.m.
4
c 12:45 a.m. d 7:50 a.m. e D

200 5
150
Exercise 12.10
100 A
a 1 h 5 min b 1 h 50 min c 5 h 44 min
1
d 3 h 53 min e 5 h 45 min f 11 h 38 min

2
50
g 2 h 25 min h 43 min i 1 h 47 min

j 4 h 8 min k 7 h 39 min l 13 h 25 min
a 3h b 10 h c 14 h 40 min
9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
b 300 km c 1 p.m. d 4 h 15 min e 5 h 15 min f 8 h 45 min

Time 3
d When he is returning home at 100 km/h from g 7 h 5 min h 5 h 30 min i 8 h 40 min

7 p.m. to 10 p.m. j 8 h 10 min k 5 h 55 min l 8 h 40 min
e 3 hours f 13 h g 100 km a 8:00 p.m. b 7:00 p.m. c 7:43 p.m.
d 1:17 p.m. e 2:08 a.m. f 1:32 p.m.
4
g 2:14 a.m. h 4:15 p.m. i 6:17 a.m.

Exercise 12.08
a 1h b 21 h c 5h j 3:25 p.m.
d 4h e 9h f 11 h
1
Joe 12:43 p.m., Anna 1:14 p.m., Ken 1:19 p.m.,
a 22 min b 8 min c 8 min Pathena 1:21 p.m., Mike 1:31 p.m., Gail 2:02 p.m.
5
d 2 h 16 min e 16 min f 4 h 21 min

2
4 h 45 min 7 6 h 25 min
a 35 b 30 c 72 d 104 a 2:15 p.m. b 2:30 a.m. c 2:35 p.m.
6
e 168 f 42 g 4 h 8
3
d 11:25 a.m. e 7:55 a.m. f 6:15 p.m.
8
i 12 j 5 k 2.5 l 4 a 4 years 2 months b 4 years 7 months

a 3600 b 86 400 c 604 800 a 6 years 1 month 5 days
9

4
b 15 years 5 months 25 days
10
d 6 h 45 min e 4 h 22 min f 10 h 4 min

5
2 h 15 min 12 1 year 4 months
No. A 13-year-old is 410 248 800 seconds old, 17 years 10 months 14 $155
11
which is under 1 000 000 000 (a billion) seconds.

6
2 p.m.
13
a 6 min 12 s b 9 min 5 s c 3 min 58 s 14 years 0 months 11 days

15
d 7 min 2 s e 8 min 20 s f 8 min 44 s

7 16

d 3 h 25 min e 7h f 7 h 14 min
8 Exercise 12.11
a 7h b 6 h 30 min c 3:20 p.m.
g 4 h 13 min h 3 h 28 min i 10 h 3 min d 4 h 11 min e 13 min
1
j 9 h 51 min k 1h 51 min l 49 min 1 h, 1 h 15 min, Liverpool-Sydney trip occurs at

the start of peak traffic period
f
Mental skills 12B a 9:35 a.m., 1 h 25 min b TH114 (10:40 a.m.)

a 18 34 46 66 c 25 min d 9:25 a.m.
2
e 26 16 8 44
2 b c d
e TH038, 10:05 a.m.
i 12 40 28 40
f g h
f TH114, different aircraft or route
m 18 8 36 140
j k l
n o p a 46 min b 7:27 a.m. c 27 min
d Teacher to check
3
e Goulburn 11:12 a.m., Bundanoon 11:47

Exercise 12.09
8:45 a.m. 1:20 p.m. 5:50 p.m. a.m., Moss Vale 12 noon, Bowral 12:06 p.m.,
12:17 a.m. 9:05 p.m. 6:32 p.m. Mittagong 12:11 p.m., Campbelltown 1:07 p.m.,
1 a b c
11:15 a.m. 2:38 a.m. 2:40 p.m. Strathfield 1:37 p.m., Sydney 1:49 p.m.
d e f
3:20 a.m. 4:55 p.m. 11:31 p.m. a 12:34, 1 h 4 min b 1:14

g h i
1:08 a.m. 10:45 a.m. 8:00 p.m. c 12:45

j k l 4
6:43 a.m. d 5, the first bus finishes its run at 11:50, ready to
m n o
start the 6th run at 12:00

p

e 10:33 City cathedral, 11:00 Museum, 12:30 a Chow b Dairy Farm
City square, 1:12 Town Hall, 2:28 Hall of Fame a $503.50 b 24.1 L 7.5 ha
7
(other answers possible) a 20 km b 3 2:30 p.m.

8 c
(p.m.) 1:30, 1:38, 1:45, 1:54, 2:05, 2:15, 2:30, d 2:30 p.m. – 3:30 p.m. 2.5 km/h
9 c
2:42, 2:49, 3:00, 3:08, 3:20.

f
a 10 h b 3h 4h
e
a 5 h 16 min b 3 min 28 s
10 c
a 10 h 5 min b 4 h 42 min
11
Exercise 12.12
a ahead b behind c behind ahead
c 2 h 9 min d 29 min
12
e ahead f behind g ahead ahead

1 d
a 1:48 a.m. b 6:24 a.m.

i ahead j ahead behind behind
h
c 3:50 p.m. d 12:30 p.m.

13
ANSWERS
a 10 p.m. b 8 p.m. 7 a.m. 8 p.m.
k l
a 14:10 b 05:33 c 00:19 d 13:50

e 4 a.m. f 2 a.m. 3 p.m. 1 p.m.
2 c d
a 4 h 20 min b 7 h 35 min 6 h 55 min

14
a 2h b 2h 20 h 7h
g h
d 6 h 30 min e 30 min 11 h 55 min

15 c
e 15 h f 0h 3h 13 h
3 c d
17 years 2 months 13 days

f
i 7h j 9 h
g h
a 3 h 19 min b 9:05 a.m.

16
a 4 a.m. b 12 noon c 11 p.m. d 12 noon

17
e 8 p.m. f 6 p.m. 7 a.m. h 5 a.m.

4
2:30 p.m. 6 9 a.m. 7 B

g
Practice set 4
Teacher to check {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} b {red, blue, green, yellow}
5
a ahead b ahead c same 3:5 b 3:2 c 5:2

8 1 a
d behind e ahead f behind 25 km/h b $4/m

9 2 a
g ahead h same i ahead 500 revolutions/min

3 a
300 cars/day
c
1 1
h b 2h h
2 2 5 h 25 min b 1 h 10 min c 11 h 41 min
10 a c d
1
h e 2h f 0h 7 h 5 min
4 a
2
08:25 b 16:45
d d
11 a 11 p.m. b 10:30 p.m. 9 p.m.
9:15 p.m. b 4:30 a.m.
5 a
d 10:30 p.m. e 11 p.m. 11 p.m.
c
6 a
12 a 6 p.m. b 6 p.m. 4 p.m.
f
7
d 5:30 p.m. e 6 p.m. 6 p.m.
c
13 a 4 p.m. b 3 p.m.
f
14 a, b, c Teacher to check Between 10 and 13 b 22

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
d 3:30 p.m. 8 C
a
1:3 b 8:3 c 1:3

40 : 3 e 1 : 12 f 2:5:7
9 a
Power plus
Teacher to check 40 km/h b 440 km
d
a 4:7 b 13 : 8 c 10 : 1
1
1 2
10 a
d 7 : 20 e 8:3 f 6:5 2 3
2
11 a b
Kobe is right (19 : 33 vs 18 : 33) 12 a 42 b 4 c 130

326 606 d 15 e 3, 32 f 5, 30
3
3
a 720 km2 b 60 889 909 800 13 a 50
4
5
2
5 b
a 166 min b 8.64 h 14 a The cost axis does not begin at 0.
3
6
b Headphone prices
Test yourself 12
a 8 : 16 = 1 : 2 12 : 24 = 1 : 2
30
a 38 : 17 17 : 55
1 b 25
Cost ($)
a 12 b 10 c 9 : 12
2 b 20
15
a 4:7 b 1:3 c 1:6 d 5:9
3
10
e 3 : 1 : 4 f 1 : 5 : 20 g 2:1 h 10 : 1
4 5
i 5:1 j 1 : 20 k 1:3 l 1:5

New USA Australia
m1:2 n 4:7 o 48 : 5
Zealand
a 100 $45 000 15 D

a 3000 voters/politician 16 B
5 b
b 200 sheep/ha
6
c $0.80/ticket d 270 stitches/ball
9780170453059 Answers 579

17 Stem Leaf 17
0 4 5 6 9
1 0 1 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9
18 B
2 1 2 4 8
19 20
3 7
10 10
20 a b
a 3.425 b 3, 3.5 c 3.45 d 0.9
50 h
21
18 a 0.5 b 50%
2L
22
19 {red, amber, green}
a i 4 ii 2 iii 2 iv 2
23
20 a 2 b 16 c 4 d 25
b i 15 ii 21 iii 21 iv 20.56
24
9 5 3 1
10 7 8 d 1
10 12 8 2
21 a b c
11 11 11 22 a (2, 1) b (–1, 0) c (–2, 3)
25 a b c
26 a 6 km b 1 p.m. for 1.5 h
c 26 km d 10:30 a.m. and 4 p.m.
23
e first hour
27 A
0 1 2 3 4 5
24 a 2.7 b 2.5 c 2 d 5
25 B
28 a
26 a ∠ACD and ∠CFE (other answers possible)

Eagles Cougars
b ∠ACD and ∠BCF (other answers possible)

7 6 0 4 4 6
9 8 8 7 2 2 0 1 0 0 2 2 3 4 4 4 6 8 8 8 8 8
4 4 2 2 0 0 0 2 1 2 4 8 8
27 a 105° b 75° c 75°

8 8 6 6 4 4 2 3 6 9 c AH
1
0 4
b 40 c 4
6
d Eagles 20, Cougars 18
28
29 a Teacher to check b 1
Eagles: their scores are spread across the 10s, 30 a 1 : 5 b 4:3 c 1:4
20s and 30s while the Cougars scores are mostly
e
in the 10s.
31 a b
f number of games won by each team, number of

points scored against each team
General practice
B c
a Sum of digits = 1 + 9 = 5 = 15, which is
1
divisible by 3. So 195 is divisible by

2
b 65
85
32 y
a 121 b 7 c 1000
3
5
a 60 b 360 c 405 d 192
4
4 S
(0, 0)
5
D
6 T 3
2x + 8
7
2 R
7k
a 3x b 5m2
8
2
9 c 1
d 6y e 10 – kn f 2p + 4
10 a 7200 b 0.425 c 4 d 0.24
–2 –1 1 2 3 4 x
e 50 f 6700
–1
11 a 42 mm b 40 cm c 16 cm 33 3, 11
12 18:10 34 a 6a + 15 = 99 b 14
13 470 35 a 1, 3, 9, 27 b 9
14 a 70° b 150° c 25°
15 –5, –3, 2, 4, 6, 11
16 a –2 b –12 c 13 d –56
e 120 f 100 g –9 h –2

a $19.15 b 85 cents
$1875.50 4 7542 kg
36 a 240 2
2.4 m 6 $18.75
3
10 × 24
23 trees 8 75.2 km/h
5
$85.74 10 13 buses
7
5 × 2 × 4 × 6
a $41.20 b $1318.40
9
53.4
5 × 2 × 2×2×2 ×3 11
Other factor trees possible.

12
b 240 = 24 × 3 × 5
Exercise 2
a 7 −9 −12 −8
ANSWERS
37 a
e 15 −15 75 5
1 b c d
i −5 7 −96 45
f g h
m −25 24 96 14
j k l
b trapezium q −16 15 −36 10

n o p
38 a b = 7 b r=7 c n=4 d p=6

r s t
39 a 30 cm2 b 95 cm2 Exercise 3

196 529 216
40 a
1.728 26.3169 10 201

1 a b c
4.1616 6859 26
d e f
148 9 42
g h i
4.9 b 10.0 c 4.7 d 4.6

j k l
b 2 c 2
16 b 156 c 6 d 10
2 a
7 1 3 3 a
20 10 250
41 a b c
a 1.7 b 0.7 c 1.0 Exercise 4
a False b True c False
42
5 8 5
–7
43
8 17 8
1 a b c
168 m3
44
8 21 1
a $9 b 16 m c 200 mL d $20
45
9 25 4
d e f
e 4 kg
46
15 47 43
a 73% b 75% c 60% d 47% 8 9 4
2 a b c
a 15 b 36 c 64 d 35
47
2 4 1
a 2 b 8 c 2
8:45 p.m. 9 5 4
48 3
a 0.5 b 0.8 c 0.875
a 29.67 b 3.07 c 5.314
49
d 0.36 e 0.17 f 0.5

4
a 0.625 b 0.55 c 0.16

50
7 1 1
3 b 2
51
b 60 20 25 1000
5 a c
5 73 3 13
e 1
52 a
53 a $87.88 b 29.6 L d
200 50
f
40
17 1 1 4
1
54
20 14 15 21
6 a b c d
1 5 17 35
e 1 g 1
45°
3 24 30 96
f h
3 1 13 13
i 1 19 k 6 l 8
4 5 20 24
j
3 4 19
90°
m 12 7 p 19
45°
4 27 60
55 A
n o
1 3
56 6 h 35 min D 8 4
7 a b
4 1
57
c 15 or 15.8 d or 0.16
Calculator skills 5 6
3 3
a 6 hours b 33 hours
4 4
8
Exercise 1
a 5068 b 14.5 c 45 d 5.724
e 3.5 f 26.9 g 23 h 1.68
1
i 160 j 29.48 k −8.084 l 12.42
9780170453059 Answers 581

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ANSWERS

a Missing values are –5, –4, –2, 4, 5, 7, 8

a 18, 17, 11, 6, 5, 3 b 31, 23, 14, 8, 7, 5, 2

e > f > g < h <

Exercise 1.01 i < j < k < l >

c –8, –6, –4, –2, 1, 3, 5, 7

c –10, –6, –4, –3, 0 d –5, –3, –2, 4, 6

i east f –26, –10, –2, 3, 12, 15

a depositing $25 in the bank D

b losing $12 a –4 b –6 c 4 d –2 e –12

c walking 2 steps forward

d increasing the temperature by 3° Exercise 1.04

Teacher to check a –12 b 0 c 20 d –23

Exercise 1.02 i –19 j –10 k –32 l –9

b A = 10, B = 16, C = 28, D = 34, E = 37 a + b – c E

c A = 8, B = 15, C = 32, D = 41, E = 49, F = 56 a –4 b 7 c –3

d A = 4, B = 36, C = 52, D = 66, E = 90, F = 116 d 7 e –3 f 7

BK-CLA-NCM_7SB_2E-200068-Chp15_Answers.indd 535 18/08/20 3:17 PM

i 722 631 215 163 i –4 7 –9 –6

m 394 466 937 295 m9 –8 –4 –6

b No, –5 – 9 = –14, 9 – (–5) = 14

i –50 j 50 k 42 l –42 You get –1

b Incorrect, –32 ÷ (–4) × (–2) = –16

h Incorrect, (–12 – 3) ÷ (–3) = 5

j Incorrect, 2 – 9 × (–3) – (–18) = 47

a Yes, both give –24. b Yes

b (–4 × 7) – [2 + (–3)] = –27

e 25 f 25 g 1 h 1 c (–4 × 7) – 2 + (–3) = –33

d –7 e –5 f –2 f 40 ÷ [10 × (–2) + 15] = –8

536 New Century Maths 7 9780170453059

BK-CLA-NCM_7SB_2E-200068-Chp15_Answers.indd 536 18/08/20 3:17 PM

m 36 549 185 317 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3 (–5)2 means –5 × –5 = 25, –52 means –(52) = –25.

a 6610 m b 2316 m c 311 m d 9237 m

a 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020

9 a –12 b –14 –13

d Profit, $200 million

155 m below the surface

a 20° b 25° c 15° d 20°

e 40° f 80° g 60° h 57°

i 70° j 94° k 28° l 81°

Yes, no number squared gives a negative answer.

∠V, ∠GVE, ∠EVG d ∠A, ∠GAT, ∠TAG

∠Q, ∠PQD, ∠DQP f ∠D, ∠RDC, ∠CDR

∠CAD or ∠DAC b ∠PMQ or ∠QMP

9780170453059 Answers 537

15_ncm7_sb_2e_53059_ans.indd 537 05/06/21 9:37 PM

∠NDY, ∠NCY, ∠DNC, ∠DCY, ∠CDY, ∠CYD, j obtuse k reflex acute

two ways of naming the same angle.) Teacher to check

b ∠NCD, ∠NCY, ∠DCY a acute b obtuse reflex

c A straight angle d reflex e acute straight

d ∠ANY or ∠YNA g obtuse h obtuse revolution

A j acute k reflex obtuse

a • ∠DBC, × ∠ADB b • ∠PSR, × ∠PRQ

c • ∠MRQ, × ∠RNP d • ∠EIF, × ∠FGI

e • ∠DCF, × ∠GBC f • ∠WXY, × ∠YWZ D

Teacher to check a obtuse b acute c obtuse d reflex

2 a ∠AOB = 38° ∠PDQ = 162° e 1° f 33° g 48° h 24°

c ∠XPY = 84° ∠MAN = 121°

g ∠LMN = 83° ∠GFD = 121°

× f AB is not parallel to CD, corresponding angles