Science 10

Science – Grade 10
Quarter 3 – Module 15: Theories of Evolution
First Edition, 2020

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 Science 10
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module15
Theories of Evolution
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module 15 on Theories of Evolution

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC)in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on Theories of Evolution

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations – This points to the set of knowledge and skills
that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge aboutthe lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.
s

Lesson- This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up- This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing- This partintegrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measure how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

In the previous lesson, you have learned the different hints for evolutionary
concept. These include the fossil records, comparative anatomy and genetic
information. Based on the evidence of evolution various theories have been put
forth regarding the evolution of life. The question of how organism changes and
new species developed. There were number of theories about evolutions, however
the most important are the theory postulated by Lamarck and Darwin.

At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:

1. Explain the occurrence of evolution according to Lamarck's ideas.
2. Explain the occurrence of evolution according to Charles Darwin’s ideas.
3. Explain the occurrence of evolution by comparing the ideas of Lamarck and
Darwin.
4. Realize the importance of theories of evolution in this time of pandemic

PRETEST

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Charles Darwin an Englishman published on “The Origin 0f the Species” by

means of Natural Selection. Describe what a natural selection is?
a. Survival of the fittest
b. Struggle for existence
c. Overproduction of offspring in the environment
d. Characteristics of the parents can be passed on to offspring.
2. Natural selection is sometimes described as the survival of the fittest. Select
from the list below which accurately measures an organisms’ fitness?
a. Its mutation rates
b. How many fertile offspring it produces?
c. How much food is it able to make?
d. How strong it is when fitted against others of its species
3. Based on the given statements below, choose which is true about Charles
Darwin?
a. He worked out the principles of population genetics.
b. He was the first to realize that Earth is billions of years old.
c. He proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution.
d. He was the first to discover that living things ca012.n change.
4. Given below are the lists of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.
Clarify which does not belong to the group.
a. Adaptation
b. Reproduction
c. Overproduction
d. Speciation
 5. Determine who really developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
a. Wasmus Darwin and Lamarck
b. Charles Lyell and James Hulton
c. Charles Lyell and Charles Darwin
d. Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace

RECAP

1 4

5
2

ACROSS
1. _________________ Anatomy refers to the study of similarities and differences in
the anatomy of different species.
2. It refers to the species change over time.
3._________________ information is provided by the biochemical analysis and amino
acid sequence of the organism’s DNA.

DOWN
4. ________________ dating is a method used to determine the age of the rocks by
comparing them with the rocks in the other layer.
5. It refers to the traces of organisms that lived in the past and were preserved by
natural process
 LESSON

There have been several hypotheses to explain the mechanism of evolution,

but the most important are the theory postulated by Lamarck and Darwin. Both
Lamarck and Darwin believed that, over time, living things like animals and plants
change to become more suited to their environments. Although Lamarck and
Darwin agreed on the basic ideas about evolution, they disagreed about the specific
mechanisms that allowed living things to change. And that is what we will study in
this lesson.

In the early nineteenth century Jean Baptiste

de Lamarck was one of the first to believe that
organisms change over time. He has developed three
theories about evolution. The first is the theory of
need. According to him organisms change in
response to their environment. The ability of
organisms to survive has helped them to adapt to the
environment in which they live. Next is the Theory
of Use and Disuse. According to him, the organs or
parts of the body that are not used will be lost and
the organs that are always used will be developed.
Figure 1. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
Lamarck believed that giraffes used to have short necks
but because of what they ate in the tall trees and they
needed to survive they stretched their necks to reach the food and that is said to
be the reason why the giraffe's necks are long. The last is the theory of Acquired
Characteristics which according to Lamarck, the offspring inherited the acquired
characteristics of having a long neck of giraffes and it is propagated to the next
generation of giraffes.
Another scientist who has made a significant
contribution to the field of evolution is Charles
Darwin. Like Lamarck, Darwin believed that
organisms change over time, however, his ideas
about how this process were very different from
Lamarck's. According to Darwin, within any
population of organisms, there were always
individuals with different traits. Like in the giraffe
species, originally had different neck lengths but due
to natural selection, only giraffes with long necks
survived because they could only reach tall trees for
food. Meanwhile, giraffes with short necks have
disappeared due to lack of accessible food supply. In
view of this, Charles Darwin developed the Theory of
Natural Selection. Natural selection is a process
through which populations of living organisms adapt Figure 2. Charles Darwin
and change. Individuals in a population are
naturally variable, meaning that they are all different in some ways. This variation
means that some individuals have traits better suited to the environment than
others. This is also known as “survival of the fittest” which states that organisms
best adjusted to their environment are most successful in surviving and
reproducing.
Figure 1. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
https://study.com/academy/lesson/lamarckism-vs-darwinism-differences-
explanation.html
Figure 2. Charles Darwin
https://study.com/academy/lesson/lamarckism-vs-darwinism-differences-
explanation.html

ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1
Lamarck’s and Darwin’s Theory of Evolution

PART A. LAMARCK’S THOUGHT ABOUT EVOLUTION

Lamarck believed that giraffes used to have short necks, but because they
ate on tall trees, they always stretched them to reach food until their necks became
long. This trait was later inherited by offsprings and propagated by the next
generations of giraffes. And Lamarck called it Theory of Acquired Characteristics.

Guide questions

1. Do you believe in Lamarck's theory of Theory of Acquired Characteristics?

___________________________________________________________________________
2. If you are naturally born curly and you have straightened it artificially in the
parlor. Do you think being straight hair will inherit your child? Why?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

PART B. DARWIN’S THOUGHT ABOUT EVOLUTION

In Charles Darwin's journey he realized the diversity of organisms. Because

of this he developed the Theory of of Natural Selection.

Procedure:
1. Study and observe the sets of footprints in the diagram below.
 Figure 3. Footprints of various organisms
https://dochub.com/eveliasadullo/4DeM0oWKmybPJ0KXyLgP3O/m3-unit-3-
g10?pg=3

Guide Questions:

1. Look at diagram 1, how many sets of footprints do you see? What can you
say about the organisms based on the size of footprints?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Create your own story about diagram 2, 3, and 4.
Diagram 2:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Diagram 3:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Diagram 4:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. How will you relate the story you created to the Theory of Natural Selection?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 2
COMPARISON OF LAMARCK AND DARWIN THEORIES

Direction: Complete the table below by identifying whose idea the following
statements are. Write Lamarck, Darwin or Both.

WHO THOUGHT THIS? LAMARCK, DARWIN or BOTH

1. Theory of Use and Disuse
2. Theory of Natural Selection
3. Theory of Acquired Characteristics
4. Theory of Need
5. Organisms have changed over time.
6. Certain traits helped organisms
survive and reproduce better than
other organisms without those traits.
7. Organisms changed because they
wanted to survive.
8. There was variation in a population.
9. Organisms can never become extinct.
10. The environment had something to
do with why organisms changed.
11. Parents are only able to pass on
traits that they were born with.
12. Organisms could decide to change
something about their body and pass
on that change to their offspring.
13. The organs or parts of the body that
are not used will be lost and the
organs that are always used will be
developed.
14. The offspring inherited the acquired
characteristics of having a long neck
of giraffes and it is propagated to the
next generation of giraffes.
15. Survival of the fittest.

WRAP-UP

Identify the words being described by the following statements.

_______________1. States that traits an organism develops during its own lifetime
can be passed on to offspring.
_________________2. An organism’s relative ability to survive and produce fertile
offspring.
_______________ 3. The organs or parts of the body that are not used will be lost and
the organs that are always used will be developed.

________________4. The scientist who believed that organisms adapt and change
over time through natural selection.
________________5. It is a process through which living organisms change over
time.
 VALUING

ACTIVITY 3

SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST

The effects of COVID-19 are enormous worldwide. Many people have died
because of this pandemic. As what some say "matira ang matibay" in this
challenging situation. Charles Darwin's theory of Natural selection, which means
"survival of the fittest" is very important in this pandemic.

Complete the graphic organizer by supplying ways on how to survive this

time of pandemic

POSTTEST

1. The Theory of Use and Disuse was formulated by

a. Charles Darwin
b. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
c. Alfred Russel Wallace
d. Robert Hooke

2. Darwin believed that a giraffe has long neck because

a. Ancestral giraffes with necks slightly longer than others got more food
and left more surviving offspring.
b. Catastrophes eliminated short-necked forms.
 c. Its ancestors stretched their necks to get food.
d. A creator designed it that way.

3. Which of the following statements best explains the Theory of Natural Selection?
a. Acquired characteristics of parents can be passed on to offspring.
b. Organs that are not used may disappear, while organs that are constantly
used may develop.
c. In nature, the organism with desirable characteristics may survive, while
those with weaker traits may not.
d. Organisms develop desirable structures to survive in a given environment.

4. Which of the following statements explains Lamarkc,s Theory of Use and Disuse?
a. Body structures develop because of mutation.
b. Body structures develop because they are not in use.
c. Body structures develop because of competition.
d. Body structures develop because they are used extensively.

5. Charles Darwin's theory of Natural selection, which means "survival of the

fittest" is very important in this pandemic. The following are survival tips in this
time of Pandemic EXCEPT
a. Wear face mask and face shield every time you go out
b. Always observe physical distancing
c. Do not drink plenty water
d. Avoid crowded places.
 KEY TOCORRECTION

References
Bibliography
Valdoz, M.P., Aquino, M.D., Biong, J.A. Andaya, M.O. Science Links: Worktext for Scientific
and Technological Literacy. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore Inc. 2017.

Department of Education., Republic of the Philippines. Science Learner’s Material. Rex

Bookstore Inc. 2015

Websites

https://biology4isc.weebly.com/3-theories-of-evolution.html
https://biology4isc.weebly.com/3-theories-of-evolution.html
https://study.com/academy/lesson/lamarckism-vs-darwinism-differences-
explanation.html
https://study.com/academy/lesson/lamarckism-vs-darwinism-differences-
explanation.html
https://www.google.com.ph/search?sxsrf=ALeKk00bwHt2RnyufC1HbEvJB8i8F34s
tg%3A1603872477650&source=hp&ei=3SaZX9DGJYukmAWFnZqoDg&q=natural+s
election&oq=natu&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQARgAMgcIIxDJAxAnMgQIIxAnMgQIABBD
MgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgcIABAUEIcCMgUIABCxAzIECC4QQzIFCAAQsQMyBQgAE
LEDOgcIIxDqAhAnUPExWNY4YKRJaAFwAHgAgAFjiAH8ApIBATSYAQCgAQGqAQdn
d3Mtd2l6sAEK&sclient=psy-ab
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/Lamarck%20v_%20Darwin%20Worksheet.pdfttps://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/survival%20of%20the%20fittest