AVR Timers0

Atmega16 Timers
AVR Lab 4
Timers/Counters in Atmega16
 Atmega16 has three timers/counters
 8-bit Timer/Counter0
Timers/Counter Functions
 The Timers can be used for the following
functions
 Normal Mode (Delay generation or Measuring
time)
 Clear timer on compare match CTC (Delay
generation or Measuring time)
 Count External events
 PWM generation
 Phase correct PWM
 Fast PWM
 Waveform Generation
Registers Associated with Timer 0
 TCCR0
 TCNT0
 OCR0
 TIFR
 TIMSK
Registers Associated with Timers
 Timer/Counter Control Register – TCCR0
This Register selects the modes of the timer and

the clock/prescaler to the timer
 Timer/Counter Register – TCNT0
The Timer/Counter Register gives direct access, both for read and
write operations, to the Timer/Counter unit 8-bit counter
 Output Compare Register – OCR0
The Output Compare Register contains an 8-bit value that is

continuously compared with the counter value (TCNT0). A match
can be used to generate an output compare interrupt, or to generate
a waveform output on the OC0 pin.
 Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register – TIFR
Contains the Flags for compare match and overflow
 Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register – TIMSK

Flags Associated with Timers
 Timer/Counter Control Register – TCCR0
This Register selects the modes of the timer and

the clock/prescaler to the timer
Selection of Modes
 TCCR0 (Timer/counter Control Register)
Selects mode of Timer
 WGM01 and WGM00 bits in the TCCR0 register selects

the mode of the timer
Prescaler Options
 CS02,CS01 and CS00 selects the prescaler
Calc of No for TCNT0 Register
 Procedure
 Nc = Time of delay (us) x Crystal freq (MHz)
 If Nc < 256 use Timer0 without prescaler else use prescaler.
 Nr = 256 – Nc (value to be loaded in TCNT0)
 Use Prescaler if Nc > 256

 Np = Nc / prescaler
 Nr = 256- Np
Example – Normal Mode
Write a C program to toggle only PortA.7 bit continuously every 200 us. Use Timer0,
Normal Mode, and 1:64 prescaler to create the delay. Assume XTAL = 8MHz.
Solution:
 Np = Nc / prescaler -> (200 us x 8 MHz)/64 = 25 ->Nr = 256- 25 = 231
#include<avr/io.h>
void delay0();
int main()
{ DDRA=0xFF;
while(1)
{ delay0();
PORTA = PINA ^ 0x80; 1000-0000
}
}
void delay0()
{ TCNT0=231;
TCCR0=0x03; // Prescaler = 64, Mode = 0
while(((TIFR & (1<<0))==0)) ; //00000001
TCCR0 = 0; // stop Timer
TIFR = 01; // clear TOV0
}
ISR For Timers/Counter0
 ISR For Timer Overflow Interrupt
ISR(TIMER0_OVF_vect)
{
…..
}
 ISR For Timer Output Compare Match Interrupt
ISR(TIMER0_COMP_vect)
{
……
}
Example – Normal Mode (using interrupt)
#include<avr/io.h>
#include<avr/interrupt.h>
int main()
{
DDRA=0xFF;
TCNT0=231;
TIMSK=0x01;
SREG|=0x80;
TCCR0=0x03;
while(1)
{
}
}
ISR(TIMER0_OVF_vect)
{ PORTA=PINA ^ 0x80;
TCNT0=231;
}
Calc of No for OCR0 Register
 Procedure
 Nc = Time of delay (us) x Crystal freq (MHz)
 If Nc < 256 use Timer0 without prescaler else use prescaler.
 OCR0 = Nc
 TCNT0 = 0;
 Use Prescaler if Nc > 256

 Np = Nc / prescaler
 OCR0 = Np
 TCNT0 = 0;
Example – CTC Mode
Write a C program to toggle only PortA.7 bit continuously every 200 us. Use Timer0,
Normal Mode, and 1:64 prescaler to create the delay. Assume XTAL = 8MHz.
Solution:
 Np = Nc / prescaler -> (200 us x 8 MHz)/64 = 25 ->OCR0 = Nr = 25
#include<avr/io.h>
void delay0();
int main()
{ DDRA=0xFF;
while(1)
{ delay0();
PORTA = PINA ^ 0x80; 1000-0000
}
}
void delay0()
{ TCNT0=0;
OCR0 = 25
TCCR0=0b00001011; // Prescaler = 64, Mode = 2 CTC Mode
while(((TIFR & (1<<OCF0))==0)) ; //00000010
TCCR0 = 0; // stop Timer
TIFR = 02; // clear OCF0
}
Problems
 Write a C program to toggle only PortA.7 bit
continuously every 5ms. Use Timer0, Normal
Mode, and suitable pre-scaler to create the
delay. Assume XTAL = 8MHz.
 Complete the task in the example using CTC mode.

Timers/Counter Functions
 The Timers can be used for the following
functions
 Normal Mode (Delay generation or Measuring
time)
 Clear timer on compare match CTC (Delay
generation or Measuring time)
 Count External events – Timer as a counter
 PWM generation
 Phase correct PWM
 Fast PWM
 Waveform Generation
Counter Mode – Drive Timer from External Source
 The above two modes are used to drive the timer from
an external clock source.
 By using these options the timer can be used as a
counter to count external events.
Example
 Count the number of persons enter in a hall. A sensor is
placed at the entrance door of the hall, that sends a
pulse when it senses a person, attached to pin PB0.
Configure the timer so that it responds to the falling
edge. Output the number of persons on PORTD
 Solution
For this we configure the timer to count on the falling edge of an
external source. Hence, CS02=1,CS01=1,CS00=0. (Clock
Select)
The number of persons that enter through the door will be equal
to the value of TCNT0.
Solution - Code
#include<avr/io.h>
int main()
{
DDRD=0xFF;
DDRB=0x00;
TCCR0=0x06;
while(1)
{
PORTD=TCNT0;
}
}
PWM Generation
 PWM
 Phase correct PWM mode
 Fast PWM mode
Phase Correct PWM Mode
 The phase correct PWM mode is based on a dual
slope operation
 The counter counts repeatedly from BOTTOM to
MAX and then from MAX to BOTTOM
Role of COM01 & 00 in Phase Correct PWM
Compare Output Mode, Phase Correct PWM Mode

Phase Correct PWM Mode
 Frequency of the wave in phase correct mode is
given by
where N is the pre-scaler. It means you can control

frequency of the output wave using pre-scaler
 Duty cycle of the PWM is controlled using OCR0

Example – Phase Correct PWM
 In this example we want to generate a PWM in phase
correct mode with frequency approx 2kHz and 60 %
duty cycle. CF is 8MHz
#include<avr/io.h>
void main(void)
{
DDRB|=0x08; //configure port B PIN 4 (OC0) as output
TCCR0=0b01100010; //PWM in phase correct mode prescalar=8
while(1)
{
OCR0=154;
}
}
Fast PWM Mode
 The fast Pulse Width Modulation or fast PWM mode
provides a high frequency PWM waveform
generation option
 The counter counts from BOTTOM to MAX then
restarts from BOTTOM. It is a single slope operation
Role of COM01 & 00 in Fast PWM
Compare Output Mode, Fast PWM Mode

Fast PWM Mode
 Frequency of the wave in Fast PWM mode is given
by
where N is the pre-scaler. It means you can control

frequency of the output wave using pre-scaler
 Duty cycle of the PWM is controlled using OCR0

Example – Fast PWM
 Now if we consider same example in Fat PWM mode
then we have
#include<avr/io.h>
void main(void)
{
DDRB|=0x08; //configure port B PIN 4 (OC0) as output
TCCR0=0b01101010; //PWM in Fast PWM mode prescalar=8
while(1)
{
OCR0=154;
}
}
Problems
 Read an 8 bit value from PORTA, and generate a
wave with the corresponding duty cycle. Use Phase
correct mode and frequency of wave between
200Hz – 1KHz (Crystal freq = 8MHz)
 Generate a wave with frequency between 200Hz -1KHz,
with duty cycle corresponding to the digital value of adc
channel 0. Use fast PWM mode.

AVR Timers0

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

AVR Timers0

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

AVR Timers0

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Atmega16 Timers

This Register selects the modes of the timer and

The Output Compare Register contains an 8-bit value that is

Contains the Flags for compare match and overflow

 Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register – TIMSK

This Register selects the modes of the timer and

 WGM01 and WGM00 bits in the TCCR0 register selects

 Use Prescaler if Nc > 256

 Use Prescaler if Nc > 256

 Complete the task in the example using CTC mode.

Compare Output Mode, Phase Correct PWM Mode

where N is the pre-scaler. It means you can control

 Duty cycle of the PWM is controlled using OCR0

Compare Output Mode, Fast PWM Mode

where N is the pre-scaler. It means you can control

 Duty cycle of the PWM is controlled using OCR0

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.