MET MIDTERM REVIEWER THE MATERIALS SELECTION PROCESS

1. Pick Application
MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF MSE - Determine required properties
• Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,
MATERIALS SCIENCE magnetic, optical, deteriorative
- It involves investigating the relationship that exist between 2. Properties
the structures and properties of materials - Identify candidate materials
- Atoms (General Science) • Material: structure, composition
• Represented as spheres, has distinct arrangement. 3. Material
The arrangement is the structure of the materials. - Identify required processing
• Processing: changes structure and overall shape
MATERIALS ENGINEERING (ex. Casting, forming, joining, annealing)
- On the basis of these structure – property correlations,
designing or engineering the structure of a material to MATERIALS CHOOSING
produce a predetermined set of properties 1. In service requires
- After re-engineering materials, incorporate an engineering - Strength, hardness, thermal resistant, ductility
process to modify/alter the structures of the material. - Design in mechanical engineering, we are not after the
structure rather we are after the safest dimensions. It should
MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT handle the load also
Stone Age 2. Economic requires
- Beginning of life – 3000 BC - Materials cost, machine cost, process time
- Materials are all made up of stones - Commercially available size
- 3. Industrial requires
Bronze Age - Easily parts assemble, machine ability of running, cost
- 3000 BC – 1200 BC (Years before Christ) properties
- Copper and Tin Alloy - Easily being assembled
- User friendly
Iron Age 4. Deteriorate of materials
- 1200 BC – Present - Wear, oxidation, corrosion
- Make use of iron, alloy, stainless steel - Biodegradability
- Iron - pure element/form - Should not be toxic
- Steel - major composition is iron with additional elements.
Human made (you add a certain element to the iron. To TYPES OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS
produce new compound
- Stainless steel – because it’s not pure iron Materials are classified as:
- Alloying element – Adding to iron to enhance their property. - Metallic
To make stainless steel, you can add carbon (it becomes • Materials that exhibit electrical and thermal
brittle, prone to breakage), chromium (corrosion resistant) conductivity
- Non-metallic
Plastic Age • Include wood, stone, brick, cement, resins (plastics),
- 1940 – Present rubber, leather, ceramics and so forth
- Use of polymers (rubber, plastic bottle, monoblock chair)

Silicon Age
- 1950 – Present
- Semi-conductors

Future
- Use of modern materials
- Electronic parts METALS
• Nanomaterials - Normally combinations of one or more metallic element and
• Bio materials – materials mostly medical application, often also nonmetallic elements
contact lenses, and prosthetics - Crystalline structure in which the atoms are arranged in
• Smart materials – response on the condition of the orderly manner
environment, the need/demand - Relatively strong and ductile at room temp
- Maintain good strength even at high temp
FOUR COMPONENTS OF MATERIALS SCIENCE - Materials are relatively stiff and strong yet ductile and are
- Material Tetrahedron (4 phases) resistant to fracture which accounts for their widespread use
• Structure in structural applications
- Extremely good conductors of electricity and heat
• Properties
- Not transparent to visible light
• Performance
- Some of the metals have desirable magnetic properties
• Processing - Classification of Metals
- They are interconnected. If you want to change one
• Ferrous
component, the other will change also because they are link
o Steel, cast iron, wrought iron, malleable cast iron,
together
and iron-base metal
- Characterization
• Non-ferrous
• The heart of tetrahedron
o Copper, tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, and
• Use to test if there a change in the component titanium
CERAMICS BIOMATERIAL
- Compounds between the non-metallic and non-metallic - Employed in components into the human body for
elements chemically bounded together replacement of diseased or damage body parts
- Greek word “keramikos”, “of pottery” or “for pottery”, - These materials that does not produce toxic substances and
“potter’s clay, tile, pottery” which is said to derive from the must be compatible with body tissues
Indo-European word cheros (unattested), meaning heat - All the above materials can be used as biomaterials can
- Are relatively stiff and strong - stiffness and strengths are generally be produced either in nature or synthesized in the
comparable to those of the metals laboratory using a variety of chemical approaches utilizing
- They are typically very hard metallic components or ceramics
- Exhibited extreme brittleness (lack of ductility) - Examples: Joint replacements, Bone plates, Bone cement,
- High susceptible to fracture Artificial ligaments and tendons, Dental implants for tooth
- Typically insulative to the passage of heat and electricity fixation, Blood vessel prostheses, Heart valves, Skin repair
(have low electrical conductivities) and are more resistant to devices (artificial tissue), Cochlear replacements, Contact
high temperatures and harsh environments than metals and lenses, Breast implants
polymers
- ceramics may be transparent, translucent, or opaque NANOMATERIAL
- some of the oxide ceramics (e.g., Fe3O4) exhibit magnetic - materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one
behavior dimension) less than 100 nanometers
- Examples: aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, - Materials with structure at the nanoscale often have unique
silicon nitride, traditional ceramics (porcelain), cement, optical, electronic, or mechanical properties
glass - Examples: Carbon Nanotube, Fullerenes, Carbon
Nanocomposites
POLYMERS
- Greek word “poly”, meaning “many”, and “meros” meaning
“part”
- Familiar plastics and rubber materials
- Chemically based on carbon, hydrogen, and another non-
metallic element
- Low density and may be extremely flexible
- The strength and ductility of materials vary greatly
- Some of the materials are good insulator, and are used for
electrical insulation application
- Types of polymers:
• Natural polymers
o cellulose
• Synthetic polymers
o synthetic rubber, Bakelite, neoprene, nylon,
PVC, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene,
polyacrylonitrile, silicone

COMPOSITE
- Mixture of two or more materials (metal, ceramics and
polymers)
- The design goal of a composite is to achieve a combination
of properties that is not displayed by any single material and
also to incorporate the best characteristics of each of the
component materials
- Examples of Composite
• Fiberglass
• carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP)

SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS
- Solid or liquid material which is able to conduct electricity
at room temperature more readily than an insulator but less
easily than a metal
- Have electrical properties that are intermediate between the
electrical conductors and insulator
- At low temperatures, pure semiconductors behave like
insulator
- Examples: Silicon, Germanium, Selenium, Gallium,
Arsenide, zinc selenide and lead telluride
- Applications: radio, computers, telephones, transistors,
solar cells, light-emitting diode, silicon-controlled rectifier,
and digital and analog integrated circuits.